ivaYaya __________________ naama ______________________

samaUh __________________ itiqa ______________________

»saudSa-na jaI ka saaihi%yak pircaya:

saudSa-na jaI ka vaastivak naama badrInaaqa qaa .[naka janma isayaalakaoT maoM sana\ 1895 maoM huAa.

 saudSa-na ek p`isad\Qa khanaIkar qao.[nakI phlaI khanaI ‘har kI jaIt’ qaI .jaao Apnao
samaya kI sava-EaoYz khanaI qaI.
 [nhaoMnao gad\ya (Prose) evaM pd\ya(Poetry) daonaaoM maoM rcanaa kI hOM.[nhaoMnao iflmaaoM kI khanaI
evaM gaIt BaI ilaKoM hOM. ‘torI gazrI maoM laagaa caaor mausaaifr jaaga’evaM ‘mana kI AaÐKoM Kaola
baabaa’]sa samaya ko [nako p`isad\Qa gaIt qao.
 yah sauQaarvaadI saaoca rKto qao [sailae [nakI khainayaaÐ sauQaarvaadI isad\QaaMt pr AaQaairt
hOM.[nakI khainayaa oMd\vaara sahI maaga- kao caunanao maoM madd imalatI hO.
 [nakI p`mauK rcanaaeÐ hOM: khanaI saMga`h ¹ puYplata¸saup`Baat
]pnyaasa(Novel) ¹ pirvat-na¸rajakumaar

baat AznnaI khanaI ka saaraMSa:

ek Épe maoM 16 Aanaa haoto hOM AaOr AznnaI Aqaa-t\ 50 pOsao maoM 8 Aanaa haoto hOM [sailae
khanaI maoM 50 pOsaO ko ilae Aaz Aanaa ka p`yaaoga huAa hO.

»khanaI sarla va p`BaavapUNa- hO [samaoM mau#ya pa~ rsaIlaa ¸sahayak Paa~ [MjaIinayar baabaU
jagatisaMh evaM ijalaa maijasT/oT SaoK salaImaud\dIna tqaa gaaONa pa~ irSvat donao vaalaa
vyai@t¸isapahI tqaa dasaI hO.

mau#ya pa~ khanaI ka mau#ya ikrdar haota hO ijasako [d-¹ igad- pUrI khanaI calatI hO.
vah khanaI ko p`armBa sao laokr AMt tk khanaI maoM ]pisqat rhta hO. jaOsao : rsaIlaa

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 1/7

 sahayak pa~ ek sahyaaogaI klaakar kI trh mau#ya ikrdar evaM khanaI ka saaqa dota
AaOr ]sao Aagao baZ,ata hoO. jaOsao: jagatisaMh evaM SaoK salaImaud\dIna

gaaONa pa~ khanaI maoM kovala naama ko ilae AatoM hOM.khanaI maoM ]nakI BaUimaka kovala naama
maa~ kI hI haotI hO.jaOsao: irSvat donao vaalaa vyai@t¸ isapahI tqaa dasaI

» Ca~ naIcao ide gae Sabdaqa- va kuC kizna pMi@tyaaoM kI vyaa#yaa kI madd sao khanaI kao
pZ,oMgao.

»khanaI maoM p`yau@t mauhavaro va ]naka Aqa- :

1 AaÐKo Kulanaa¹ haoSa maoM Aanaa

2 maIzI naIMd laonaa¹ caOna kI naIMd saaonaa

3 rMga ]D,naa¹ Gabara jaanaa

4 laataoM ko BaUt baataoM sao nahIM maanato¹ duYT vyai@t samaJaanao sao nahIM samaJato

5 AaÐKaoM maoM KUuna ]tr Aayaa¹ bahut AiQak gaussaa Aayaa

6 AaÐK na ]za panaa¹ Saima-MdgaI mahsaUsa krnaa yaa Sama- mahsaUsa krnaa

rsaIlaa [MjaIinayar¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹¹ ¹¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹imaza[- lao Aa.

Sabdaqa-:
baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 2/7
1 vaotna¹ Aaya (Salary)
2 tna#vaah¹ vaotna
3 saMdoh ¹Sak
4 hz¹ ijad\d
5 saaOgaMQa¹ ksama(Oath)
6 Kt¹ icaT\zI
7 poSagaI¹ phlao idyaa jaanao vaalaa Qana
8 hqaolaI ¹haqa
9 ?Na¹ kja,- (loan)
10 irSvat ¹GaUsa(Bribe)
11 gaunaah ¹ApraQa
12 pirEama¹ maohnat

»iksaI BaI baat kao khnao vaalaa vyai@t va@ta tqaa va@ta kI khI hu[- baat kao saunanao vaalaa
vyai@t Eaaota haota hO.

jaOsao: khanaI ka ek ]dahrNa doiKe¹

“basa paÐca saaO ² [tnaI saI rkma dokr¸Aap maora Apmaana kr rho hOOM.”
“huja,Ur maana jaa[e.Aap samaJaoM Aapnao maora kama mauF,t ikyaa hO."

[na pMi@tyaaoM ka va@ta evaM Eaaota kaOna hOÆ

 phlaI pMi@t jagatisaMh ko d\vaara khI ga[- hO tao va@ta jagat isaMh hue AaOr irSvat donao vaalaa vyai@t
yah sauna rha hO tao Eaaota irSvat donao vaalaa vyai@t huAa.]saI p`kar dUsarI pMi@t ka va@ta irSvat
donao vaalaa vyai@t hO AaOr Eaaota jagat isaMh hO

»BaOyaa ¸ gaunaah ka fla imalaogaa yaa nahIM¸yah tao Bagavaana jaanao¸pr eosaI hI kmaa[- sao kaoizyaaoM maoM rhto hOM¸AaOr
ek hma hOM ik pirEama krnao BaI haqa maoM kuC nahIM rhta.”

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 3/7

[na pMi@tyaaoM ko d\vaara rmaja,ana khnaa caahta hO ik gaunaah Aqaa-t\ galat kaya- krnao ko ilae jagatisaMh evaM
SaoK saahba kao saja,a imalaogaI yaa nahIM yah tao [-Svar hI jaanao¸pr [na galat kayaaMMo- sao [tnaa kmaa laoto hOM ik
kaoizyaaoM maoM rhnao laayak hao gae hOM.[naka p`%yaok idna eoSaaoM Aarama maoM kTta hO.dUsarI trf hma jaOsao garIba
laaoga hOM jaao idna rat [-maanadarI sao m,aohnat krto hOM ikntu garIba ko garIba hI rh jaato hOM.hma [tnao pOsao BaI nahIM
jaaoD, pato ik ApnaI Aama jaÉrtaoM kao pUra kr sakoM.

»rsaIlaa saaocata rha.maoro haqa sao saOMkD,aoM Épe inakla gae pr Qama- na ibagaD,a.ek¹ek Aanaa BaI ]D,ata tao
kafI rkma jauD, jaatI.

rmaja,ana kI yah baat saunakr rsaIlaa saaocanao lagaa maOMnao baabaU saahba ko kama ko ilae Apnao haqaaoM sao saOkD,aoM
Aqaa-t\ bahut saaro ÉpyaaoM ka laona dona ikyaa laoikna kBaI bao[-maanaI nahIM kI.kBaI ek Aanaa cauranao kI Baavanaa
BaI maoro mana maoM nahIM Aa[-.ek ¹ek Aanaa BaI caurata tao Aaja maoro pasa bahut saaro pOsao haoto.

rsaIlaa nao saaZ,o caar Épe kI imaza[-¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹¹ pCta rha qaa.

Sabdaqa-:
1 daohrayaa ¹ daobaara baaolanaa
2 tmaacaa¹ qaPpD,
3 inad-yata ¹ibanaa dyaa ko
4 ApraQa¹ jauma- (Crime)
5 kcahrI¹ Adalat(Court)
6 saahsa¹ ihmmat
7 nyaayaip`ya¹ijasao nyaaya psaMd hao
8 ApraQaI ¹ galat kaya- krnao vaalaa vyai@t
9 baTaornaa¹ [kT\za krnaa
10 [Msaaf ¹nyaaya(Justice)

»SaoK saahba nyaayaip`ya AadmaI qao. ]nhaoMnao rsaIlaa ko Ch mahInao kI saja,a saunaa dI AaOr $maala sao mauÐh
paoMCa.yah vahI $maala qaa ijasamaoM ek idna phlao iksaI nao hja,ar Épe baaÐQa kr ide qao.

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 4/7

yah khkr ik SaoK saahba nyaayaip`ya AadmaI qao¸ SaoK saahba ko cair~ pr vyaMgya ikyaa gayaa.SaoK saahba
irSvat laoto BaI qao AaOr doto BaI qao AaOr ]naka nyaaya sao dUr ¹dUr tk kao[- saMbaMQa nahIM qaa.[saI baat kao sahI
saaibat krnao ko ilae yah ]dahrNa BaI idyaa gayaa ik ]nhaoMnao rsaIlaa kao Ch mahInao kI saja,,a saunaanao ko baad
]saI $maala sao mauÐh paoMCa ijasa $maala maoM ek idna phlao iksaI nao irSvat ko hja,ar Épe baaÐQa kr ide qao.

»rat ko samaya jaba hja,ar¸ paÐca saaO ko caaor narma gad\daoM pr maIzI naIMd lao rho qao¸AznnaI ka caaor jaola kI
tMga¸ AÐQaorI kaozrI maoM pCta rha qaa.

rmaja,ana ËaoiQat haokr samaaja kI nyaaya vyavasqaa pr kzaor p`har krto hue khta ik yah kOsaI nyaaya vyavasqaa
hO ik AznnaI cauranao ko ilae Ch mahInao jaola maoM¸AÐQaoro kmaro maoM rhnaa pD,ta hO jabaik paÐca saaO¸ hjaar ko
caaor¸irSvat Kaor Apnao GaraoM maoM narma gad\daoM pr Aarama sao saaoto hOM.

»cailae Aba khanaI ko ]d\doSya va saMdoSa ko baIca AMtr kao samaJanao ka p`yaasa krto hOM :

]d\doSya : ApnaI iksaI khanaI evaM rcanaa ko d\vaara laoKk ijana baataoM pr¸samasyaaAaoM pr yaa maanavaIya
BaavanaaAaoM pr p`kaSa Dalanaa caahta hO vahI ]sa khanaI ka ]d\doSya bana jaata hO.

saMdoSa : khanaI kao pZ,kr jaao saIK yaa iSaxaa imalatI hO vah khanaI ka saMdoSa khlaata hO.

ICSE guidelines ko Anausaar hmaoM ]d\doSya va saMdoSa maMo tIna ibaMdu tqaa khanaI sao ek ]dahrNa
ilaKnaa haota hO.

jaOsao : naIcao ilaKo gae ]d\doSya va saMdoSa maoM tInaaoM ibandu roKaMikt ike hue hOM tqaa jaoOsao Sabd ko baad khanaI
sao ]dahrNa idyaa gayaa hO.

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 5/7

»]d\doSya:

‘baat AznnaI kI’ naamak khanaI maoM saudSa-na jaI nao samaaja maoM fOlao SaaoYak vaga-³QanaI vaga-´ tqaa SaaoiYat
vaga-³garIba vaga-´ ko baIca kI Ka[- kao tqaa samaaja maoM vyaaPt irSvatKaorI kI baura[- kao ]jaakr krnao ka
p`yaasa ikyaa hO.]nakI yah khanaI nyaaya vyavasqaa pr krara vyaMgya krtI hO
jaOsao ik khanaI maoM ek trf QanaI vaga-³jagatisaMh evaM salaImaud\dIna ´irSvat laokr BaI narma gad\daoM pr maIzI
naIMd laoto hOM¸ vahIM dUsarI trf baocaara garIba rsaIlaa isaf- AznnaI kI caaorI ko ilae baoihsaaba maar va Ch mahInao
kI sajaa kaTta hO.

»saMdoSa :

‘baat AznnaI kI’ naamak khanaI A%yaMt maaima-k evaM p`orNaadayak khanaI hO.[sa khanaI ko d\vaara hmaoM yah
saMdoSa imalata hO ik hmaoM sabasao phlao irSvatKaorI kao samaaPt krnaa hO taik samaaja sao Ba`YTacaar hTayaa jaa
sako.hmaoM ]cca vaga--³QanaI vaga-´ va inamna vaga--³garIba vaga-´ ko baIca ko AMtr kao dUr krto hue samaaja maoM samaana
nyaaya vyavasqaa kI sqaapnaa krnaI caaihe taik garIba vyai@t [tnao kYT Jaolanao sao baca jaae.
jaOsao ik khanaI maoM rsaIlaa CaoTI saI galatI ko karNa jaao sahta hO vah sahnaa na pD,o tqaa ApraiQayaaoM kao ]nako
ApraQa kI pyaa-Pt sajaa, imalao.

»cair~ ¹ ica~Na :

iksaI BaI khanaI ko Paa~ ]sa khanaI ko p`mauK AMga haoto hOM yaa yah BaI kh sakto hO ik pa~aoM ko ibanaa
khanaI kI klpnaa hI nahIM kI jaa saktI .Aqaa-t\ pa~aoM sao hI khanaI banatI hO.[saI baat kao Qyaana maoM
rKto hue khanaI ko pa~aoM ka cair~ ¹ ica~Na iksa p`kar krto hOM ¸[sakI samaJa banaato hOM.

ijasa pa~ ka cair~ ¹ ica~Na ikyaa jaata hO ]sa pa~ ka saMixaPt pircaya dokr ]sako cair~ kI tIna
ivaSaoYataeÐ batayaIM jaatI hOM.jaOsao ¹ vah bahut [-maanadar qaa yaa k%t-vyainaYz qaa tqaa ]sako baad batayaa jaata
hO ik kOsaoÆ

jaOsao ¹vah [-maanadar qaa [sa karNa ]sanao kBaI iksaI sao kao[- JaUz nahIM baaolaa tqaa kBaI iksaI ka saamaana BaI na
Cupayaa.

Note :ivaSaoYataAaoM ko AMtga-t kovala pa~ ko gauNa nahIM Aato bailk ivaSaoYataAaoM maoM AvagauNa BaI Aato
hOM.jaOsao yaid kha jaae ik vah bahut irSvatKaor qaa tao yah BaI ]sako cair~ kI ivaSaoYata hI khlaaegaI.

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 6/7

jagatisaMh ka cair~ ¹ ica~Na :

baabaU jagatisaMh [MjaIinayar qao.samaaja maoM ]naka bahut sammaana qaa prMtu vah [-maanadar nahIM qao.vao laaogaaoM sao irSvat
laokr ]naka kama krvaato qao.vah laalacaI va ËaoQaI svaBaava ko qao.]namaoM dyaa ka BaI AaBaava qaa hO.Apnao
naaOkr rsaIlaa d\vaara baar¹ baar tna#vaah baZ,ae jaanao kI p`aqa-naa pr vah Qyaana nahIM doto.kovala Aaz Aanao
Aqaa-t\ pcaasa pOsao kI hora forI krnao pr ¸vah Apnao naaOkr kao na kovala¸ baurI trh pITto hOM bailk puilasa maoM
do doto hOM tqaa ]sao paÐca Épe dokr Apnao naaOkr ko ivaÉd\Qa sa#t kaya-vaahI krnao kao khto hOM

naIcao khanaI ko Anya pa~aoM ko cair~ kI tIna ¹tIna ivaSaoYataeÐ dI ga[-M hOM.[nakI madd sao inamna pa~aoM ka
cair~¹ ica~Na ]%trpuistka maoM ilaKnao ka p`yaasa kroM.

rmaja,ana
saccaa ima~ « » dyaalau
¦
sahI evaM galat ko baIca AMtr krnao vaalaa

rsaIlaa
maohnatI « » [-maanadar
¦
saIQaa evaM Baaolaa vyai@t

SaoK salaImaud\dIna

irSvatKaor « » AnyaayaI
¦
laalacaI

baat AznnaI kI ÀixÀ02 [CUR/SS/005] 7/7