GENERAL EDUCATION
ENGLISH Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle
Tom’s Cabin (US Civil War)
Johannes Gutenberg – Printing Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales
Press Confucius – Analects of Confucius
Francis Bacon – English Essay (He is not a religious leader but a
William Shakespeare – Greatest philosopher and known as Kung-Fu-
English Writer Tsu.)
Geoffrey Chaucer – Father of Homer – Iliad and Odyssey
English Literature, Morning Star
Edgar Allan Poe – Father of Horror, Words
Father of Detective Stories Aplomb - composure
Guy De Maupassant – Foremost Abase - demoted
French Story writer Despotic - cruel
Homer – Mythical geographer Persiflage - praise glowingly
Cicero – Greatest orator of the world Dexterity - manual skill
Psalms of King David – Greatest Amorphous - shapeless
lyric poem Penchant - fondness
Rabindranath Tagore – Indian Pulchritude - loveliness
National Poet who received the first Transmuted - changed
Nobel Prize Transcendental - supernatural
Kalidasa – Shakespeare of India Rancor - bitterness
Philosophers: TSPAA Carnal - worldly
1. Tales – Natural law Mundane - ordinary
2. Socrates – Question and Answer Profanity - obscenity
(Art of Questioning)
Apocalyptic - prophetic
3. Plato – The Republic author
Impertinent - irrelevant
4. Aristotle – Biology
5. Alexander the Great – Great Imminent - near
conqueror Loquacious - talkative/verbose
Patriot - hero
Works of famous authors: Intrepid - very brave
Abraham Lincoln – Gettysburg Voracious - very eager
Address Abandoned - left behind
Boris Paternak – Dr. Zhivago (total Conflagration - large fire
totalitarianism) First-rate - excellent
Nathaniel Hawthorne – Scarlet letter Admonitory - warning
Robert Frost – The Road Not Taken Volition - will
J.K. Rowling – Harry Potter Equinox - equal length of day and
Sophocles – Oedipus Rex night
John Milton – Paradise Lost Esoteric - understandable by few
Antoine De Saint Exupery – The Queue - line of people
Little Prince Baduy - awkward looking
Docile - manageable/easy to manage
Euphoria - state of well-being
Erudite - knowledge learned through Famous writings
studying/intelligent Gilgamesh - first epic
Sine Qua Non (Latin) - indispensable Hieroglyphics - Egyptian system of
Soiree (French) - evening party writing
Connoisseur (French) - expert of Calligraphy - Chinese system of
food and wine writing
Chauffeur (French) - driver One Thousand and One Arabian
Mesdames (French) - plural of Nights - collection of stories
madame Mahabharata - longest epic in India
Renaissance (Italian) - rebirth Nibelungenlied - medieval German
Acapella - song without epic
accompaniment Rig Veda - collection of Indian sacred
Alter ego - close and inseparable hymns
friend Upanishads - collection of Indian
sacred texts
Phrases Panchatantra - collection of Indian
Amor con amor se poga - Love fables
begets love.
Caveat emptor - Let the buyer Pen names
decide. Samuel Clemens - Mark Twain
Ad nauseam - sickening to an Mary Ann Evans - George Eliot
excessive degree Robert Galbraith - Joanne Kathleen
Coup de grace - death blow Rowling
Correlation (no relationships) Mood of lines
Prodigy - offspring Day time... - hopeful
Formally - unconventionally To be or not to be - indecision
Formerly - heretofore I have been acquainted with the
Ready - at the same time night - isolation and loneliness
Species - variety What remains behind - hope
Life has its end - life and shadow
Authors
Edgar Allan Poe - Anabel Lee (Poe's Comprehension
love), The Raven (mystery) Stephen's writings
Guy De Maupassant - The necklace Stephen's family and boyhood
Macbeth - ambition for power
To be or not to be - opening Nelson Mandela
statement of Hamlet democracy - Nelson Mandela's
Merchant of Venice - mercy dream
Romeo and Juliet - love and war non-violence - Nelson Mandela's
Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice strategy
Charles Dickens - A Christmas Carol forgiving - Nelson Mandela's trait
Carol S. Lewis - Chronicles of Narnia
Leo Tolstoy - War and Peace
Prepositions (in, on, at)
Omar Khayyam - Rubaiyat (Grasping
In - (something big, broad; a person
the pleasure while you can)
cannot stand in a vehicle) province,
Dante Alighieri - Divine Comedy city, region, country, century
Rabindranath Tagore - Gitanjali
On - (specific; a person can stand in a Arnis - national sport of the
vehicle) street, boulevard, avenue, Philippines
day, week Tarsier - smallest Philippine primate
At - (very specific) specific name of Cagayan river - longest river in the
place Philippines
In - printed media Pearl of Lao-Tzu (also known as
On - electronic media Pearl of Allah) - largest pearl found in
Palawan
Phonological Awareness Mt. Apo - highest mountain in the
1. Listening - same sound Philippines
2. Alliteration - same sound in the Philippines - only christian nation in
beginning of words Asia
3. Rhyming - same ending sound Christianity - Jesus Christ
4. Syllabication - dividing the form of Islam - Muhammad
words Judaism - believes in one God
5. Blending - combining sounds Y'ami - northernmost island of the
(forming sounds individually) Philippines
6. Segmenting - dividing words into
Salauag - southernmost island of the
sounds
Philippines
7. Modification - adding, deleting, or
Palawan - largest province of the
substituting syllables
Philippines
The Speech Process Batanes - smallest province of the
1. Respiration - breathing Philippines
2. Resonation - amplifying Cebu - oldest city of the Philippines
3. Phonation - production of sounds Manila - second oldest city of the
4. Articulation - pronouncing words Philippines
Quezon City - most populous city in
SOCIAL SCIENCE the Philippines
Mindoro - Ma-i (called by Chinese) Manila - most densely populated
Umalohokan - Barangay announcer place in the Philippines
or crier Davao - largest land area in the
Imam - religious leader Philippines
Sulu - first sultanate founded by Abu San Juan city - smallest city land
Bakar area in the Philippines
Malthusian principle - rate of birth
increases as rate of death increases CONSTITUTION
Greenland - largest island Elements of State:
Russia - largest country 1. People
2. Territory
Luzon - largest island in the
3. Sovereignty
Philippines
4. Government
7,641 - total number of Philippine
Inherent powers of the state:
islands
1. police power
Antarctica - largest desert (Sahara is
2. power of eminent domain
the second dry desert)
3. power of taxation
Diwata 1 - first microsatellite in the
Police Power - general welfare of the
Philippines (followed by Diwata 2)
state
Tamaraw - national land animal of the
Philippines (aside from carabao)
Power of Eminent Domain - just 1. Philippine Independence
compensation (value) "Right ends 2. Abolish Tenancy Act
when the rights of others begin." 3. Sertipiko sa Filipino
Power of Taxation - charge of
burden PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Branches of Government Pre-colonial period (Three groups
1. Executive of early people)
2. Legislative 1. Negritos (pygmies)
3. Judiciary 2. Indonesian (Indones)
Executive - implementing body 3. Malays
(President, Vice-President)
Legislative - law-making body Early history
(Senator, congress) Barangay - small political unit led by
Judiciary - interpreting body Datu
(Supreme Court)
Social hierarchy
Types of Government Maharlika
Democracy - people choose leaders Timawa (Free/Independent)
by voting Alipin
Republican - representatives are 1. Aliping namamahay
elected and there is no king or queen 2. Aliping sagigilid
Monarchy - king or queen rules a Trial by ordeal - Judicial Process
kingdom or country during pre-colonial period
Oligarchy - government by the few Agriculture - economic life during
Aristocracy (elites) - government pre-colonial period
ruled by persons in social class Paganism or Animism - religion
Anarchy - absence of government or during pre-colonial period
no government at all At home - education of early Filipino
Communism - properties are owned people
all by government
Meritocracy - government is ruled by Spanish Occupation
talented people Antonio Pigafetta – chronicler of
Federalism - distribution of power in Spanish expedition
an organization Enrique of Malacca – personal slave
Parliamentary - power of the of Magellan
president Ferdinand Magellan – first person
Presidential - executive only who planned the expedition
Sebastian Elcano – first person who
Philippine Presidents circumnavigate the world
Erap Estrada - Father of Masses Raja Kulambo – first blood compact
Fidel V. Ramos - Pilipinas 2000 with Magellan, first compact in history
Emilio Aguinaldo - First President of Raja Sikatuna – blood compact with
the Philippine government and he did Legazpi
not undergo election Sanduguan – blood compact
Rodrigo Duterte - Change is coming Raja Humabon and his wife – first
Gloria Arroyo - Strong republic baptism
Benigno Aquino III - Tuwid na daan Limasawa – first mass
Diosdado Macapagal - incorruptible Raja Lapu-lapu – first hero
president, Raja Lakandula – first Raja to revolt
Raja Soliman – last Raja of Manila Julian Felipe – national anthem
Spanish occupation – longest music
colonization (333 years) San Francisco de Malabon band –
Pueblo – town band of national anthem
Cabeceras – town centers Marcela Agoncillo (Aguinaldo’s
Reduccion – resettlement wife) – sewed the national flag/Ina ng
Governor-General – highest national watawat
position (representative of the King of Apolinario Mabini – Utak ng
Spain) rebolusyon, sublime paralytic,
Gobernadorcillo – highest position in consultant of Emilio Aguinaldo
municipal government Macario Sakay – refused to
Sanctorum – tribute surrender, supremo ng Katagalugan
Cedula personal – tax Dr. Jose Rizal – great writer of the
Polo y servicious – forced labor reform movement
Falla – exemption fee for forced labor Graciano Lopez Jaena – great orator
Frailocracia – abuse of priest and Marcelo H. Del Pilar – Father of
friars made by Marcelo H. Del Pilar Political Analyst
Galleon trade – source of income for Triumvirate – Rizal, Jaena, Del Pilar
200 years Diego Silang – Leader of Ilokano
Mexico – extended contract with revolt
Philippines Basi – Ilokano wine
200 Governor Generals in the Gabriela Silang (wife of Diego
Philippines Silang) – revolutionist in Ilocos
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – first Francisco Dagohoy – Leader of
Spanish governor-general longest revolt in Bohol for 85 years
Diego Delos Rios – last Spanish Gomburza – three martyr priests
governor-general Pedro Pelaez – made the
Jose Basco – monopoly of tobacco secularization movement
Narciso Claveria – Spanish Gregorio Aglipay (first Philippine
surnames of Filipinos bishop) – did not accept the religious
Crude (confusing, not organized) – offer of Spaniards
description of Spaniards to Filipino Isabelo Delos Reyes – Union Obrera
ways Democratica
Carlos Maria Dela Torre – best Iglesia Filipina Independencia –
Spanish Governor-General church established by Isabelo Delos
Rafael de Jaquierdo – execution of Reyes
Gomburza Calamba, Laguna – birthplace of
Eulogio Despujol – arrest of Rizal Rizal
Camilo Polavieja – execution of Rizal June 19, 1861 – birthday of Rizal
Andres Bonifacio – Ama/Lakan ng Dapitan (Zamboanga Del Norte) –
katipunan Rizal’s exile
Gregoria de Jesus – Lakambini ng Fort Santiago – place of Rizal’s
katipunan imprisonment
Emilio Jacinto – Utak ng katipunan Bagumbayan (Luneta) – place
Emilio Aguinaldo – declaration of where Rizal was shot
Philippine independence on June 12, Consummatum est (It is done/It is
1898 in Kawit Cavite finished.) – Rizal’s last line
Jose Palma – wrote the national Usman – Rizal’s dog
anthem lyrics
Hirap ng panganganak/matinding Inflation – increase of price in a
lagnat – cause of death of Maria specific period of time
Clara’s mother, Dona Bea Alba Deflation – decrease of price
Kapitan Tiago (rich friend of Don Appreciation – increase of value
Rafael Ibarra) – brought/used opium Depreciation – decrease of value
(illegal drug) Import – products brought inside the
Don Rafael Ibarra – father of country
Crisostomo Ibarra Export – products sold outside the
Leonor Rivera (Rizal’s love) – country
nonfictional counterpart of Maria Clara White collar mania –
professionals/professional skills
Rizal’s works: Blue collar mania –
1. To my Fellow Children – Sa Aking technical/vocational skills
Mga Kabata Brain drain – this happens when a
2. A La Juventud Filipina – To The professional goes to another country
Filipino Youth for a job
3. Letter to the Young Women of NCCA (National Commission for
Malolos Culture and the Arts) – agency to
4. My Last Farewell – Mi Ultimo Adios nurture Philippine Arts
5. Noli Me Tangere – themes: romance
SONA – State Of the Nation Address
and love
ISIS – Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
6. El Filibusterismo – themes: political
thoughts, hatred and violence TRAIN (Law) – Tax Reform for
Acceleration and Inclusion
RA 1425 – study of Rizal and other
heroes and heroines PAR – Philippine Area of
Responsibility
Jose Garcia Villa – first national artist
(1973) GAD – Gender And Development
Carlos Francisco – first national LASER – Light Amplification by
visual artist Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Lucio San Pedro – music “Ugoy ng SCUBA – Self-Contained Underwater
duyan” Breathing Apparatus
Cecil Licad – renowned pianist
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Liza Macuja – Prima Ballerina
Cell Biology
Napoleon Abueva – sculptor
All living things are composed of
Eduardo Castrillo – sculpture of cells.
landmarks
Cell - the basic functional unit of life.
Severino Montano – proponent of
Virus - example of nonliving thing
Arena theater
Egg cell – largest cell of the body
Naty Crame Rogers – proponent of
Sperm cell – smallest cell
Sala theater
Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Rolando Tinio – proponent of
experimental theater Cell wall is made from cellulose.
Juan Luna – painter of Spolarium Cellulose – sugar complex
Trade – it involves money Mushroom – example of fungi
Barter – does not involve money Mushroom is from chitin.
Monopoly – controlled by one Cell membrane – traffic center of the
cell
Oligopoly – controlled by many
Nucleus – control center of the cell
Flation – means price
Nucleolus - can be found inside the
nucleus
Nucleolus makes ribosome. 4. Law of Incomplete Dominance
Ribosome makes proteins. 5. Law of Codominance
Taxonomy – classification of plants Cellulose – most abundant organic
and animals according to their compound
presumed natural relationships Water – most abundant inorganic
Carolus Linnaeus – Father of molecule
taxonomy CHON (Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen-
DKPCOFGS (order of species): Nitrogen) – most abundant elements
D______ – Kingdom – P______ – in the atmosphere
C______ – O______ – Family – CHNOPS (Carbon-Hydrogen-
Genus – Species Nitrogen-Oxygen-Phosphorous-
Bacteria (prokaryotes) – Archaea Sulfur) – most abundant elements
(lives in an extreme environment) – found in living matter
Eukarya Gregor Mendel – Father of Genetics
1. Protista (algae) Charles Darwin – Father of Evolution
2. Plantae (plants) Herbert Spencer – he coined the
3. Fungi (yeast, molds, mushroom, term “natural selection”
microsporidia) Claud Zobell – Father of Marine
Makahiya - example of Biology
pigmotrophism Petrologist – one who studies rocks
In energy pyramid, base is the Weather – day to day state of air
producer. Climate – state of air for a long period
Commensalism – a relation between of time
two kinds of organisms in which one Tropical depression – 39 below
obtains food or other benefits from the Tropical storm – 39 to 73
other without damaging or benefiting Typhoon – term of storm in pacific
it. area
Tree and orchid – example of Hurricane – term of storm in Atlantic
commensalism ocean
Parasitism – a relationship in which a Cyclone – term of storm in Indian
parasite obtains benefits from a host ocean
which it usually injures. It gives bad Geothermal energy – energy from
effect. earth’s crust
Mutualism – beneficial association Coal (cola) – unsustainable source
between different kinds of organisms.
Plants – provide the food supply
Amensalism – a relationship in which
Fossil fuel, petroleum, coal – non-
one is unaffected and the other is
renewable resources
harmed.
Gas – not fully-developed source in
Neutralism – there is no specific
the Philippines
relationship
Competition – a relationship in which MATHEMATICS
both need the same thing.
I = Prt (I-interest, P-principal, r-rate,
Predation – the act of killing and t-time)
eating other animals (prey). 1. Example: What is the simple
New genetic trait – this happens interest of 10,000 for three 3
when there is an exposure to radiation years with/in 8%?
Law of Heredity Sol.
1. Law of Segregation 10,000(0.08)(3)
2. Law of Independent Assortment = 2,400
3. Law of Complete Dominance
2. Add the interest and the FILIPINO
simple interest (10,000 + Prose – Tuluyan
2,400) Poetry – Patula
1 inch = 2.54 cm Halimbawa ng Patula:
12 inches = 1 ft. 3. Elehiya
2.21 lbs. – 1 kg 4. Pastoral
1 carat – 200 mg 5. Oda
1 yard = 1296 sq. 6. Bulong (chant)
86,400 seconds per day - 7. Bugtong
(60x60x24) 8. Panunudyo
Cube has 12 edges. Peogucias Rosaryo – Ama ng
Month with 30 days (add 1 day) maikling kwento
Month with 31 days (add 2 days) Severino Reyes – Ama ng
JANS (June, August, November, Sarswelang Tagalog
September) – months with 30 days Lope K. Santos – Ama ng Balarilang
First ten prime numbers (absence Pilipino
of square root) – 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, Francisco Baltazar-Balagtas – Ama
17, 19, 23, 29 = 129 ng Panulaang Tagalog
First ten counting number is 55 Pascual Poblete – Ama ng
(129-55=74). Pahayagang Tagalog
Number 7 will appear 11 times from Amado V. Hernandez – Ama ng mga
1 to 100. Manggagawa
There are 25 prime numbers from 1 Valeriano F. Pena – Ama ng
to 100. Nobelang Tagalog
Banaag at Sikat – Lope K. Santos
ICT Urbana at Felisa – Padre Modesto
Retrieve, store, disseminate de Castro
information – capabilities of ICT Ang Sampaguitang Walang Bango
People ware, hardware, software – – Inigo Ed Regalado
elements of computer system Biag ni Lam-Ang – Pedro Bukaneg
Ctrl D – font command (font size and Doctrina Christiana – Fray Juan de
style) Plasencia
Ctrl A – select all Caiigat Kayo (Be slippery as an eel)
Ctrl B – Bold – Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Ctrl U – Underline Mayroong 12 maimpluwensyang
Ctrl I – Italic libro sa buong mundo.
Ctrl P – Print Balitaw – Awit ng Kundiman ng
Ctrl C – Copy Bisaya
Ctrl V – Paste Oyayi/Hele – Awiting pampatulog sa
Ctrl S – Save bata
Ctrl N – New document Diona – Awit sa pagpapakasal
Ctrl O – Open file Umbay – Awit sa paglilibing
Html – Hyper Text Make-up Talindaw – Awit sa pamamangka
Language Soliranin – Awit sa paggawa
URL – Uniform Resource Locator Kumintang – Awit ng tagumpay
USB – Universal Serial Bus Dalit/Imno(hymn) – Awit sa mga
Ctrl – Control diyos-diyusan
Alt – Alter Kundiman – Awit ng mga Tagalog
“You can count on me” – Maasahan
mo ako
Malayo Polinesyo – pinagmulang
wika ng Pilipinas
Dayalek – linggwahe sa isang lugar o
probinsya
Sosyolek – linggwahe ng mga
propesyunal
Idyolek – linggwahe ng sarili o
ekspresyon/bukambibig ng isang tao
Etnolek – linggwahe sa pangkat
etniko
Ekolek – linggwahe ng bahay
Antas ng wika:
1. Pambansa
2. Lalawiganin
3. Pampanitikan
4. Kolokyal – araw-araw ng salita
5. Balbal – kanto/baba
6. Jargon – propesyunal
Laguhan – panlaping makikita sa
iba’t ibang bahagi ng salitang ugat.
Teorya o Pinagmulan ng Wika:
1. Tore ng Babel – mula sa bibliya
2. Bow-wow – mula sa kalikasan
3. Ding-dong – mula sa tunog ng
mga bagay
4. Yo-he-ho – mula sa pisikal na
lakas ng tao
5. Pooh-pooh – mula sa damdamin
ng tao
6. Yum-yum – mula sa dila na
nagbibigay ng tunog
7. Tata – mula sa kumpas ng
kamay
8. Tararaboom de ay – mula sa
ritwal
