Experiment (1)

Calibration and Characteristics of

a Motorized Valve
Objectives:
The objectives of this experiment are to :

(a) Demonstrate the calibration and the manual operation of a motorized

control valve .
(b) Determine the characteristics of a motorizes control valve ( flow/ position).

Equipment:
• PCT9 Process module
• PCT10 Electrical Console
Equipment Description PCT9:

The front panel of the process module PCT9 incorporates a schematic diagram (Fig.
1.2) of the equipment which identifies the major components and the relevant
electrical connections to them:

• a sump tank containing cold water , incorporates a drain valve (V5) at the rear
for draining the equipment when not in use.

• A centrifugal pump to draw the water from the sump tank. The discharge is fed
to a variable area flow meter (F1) via a manual flow control valve (2). An
auxiliary outlet is provided via control valve (V1) which may used to supply
cold water to other accessories.

• Water from the flow meter passes through a normally open solenoid valve
(SOL1), motorized flow control valve and orifice/bypass arrangement before
entering the process tank via diffuser.
A process tank divided into two equal compartment by fixed baffle, which
incorporates an orifice with sealing stopper. Level scales L1 and L2 allow the water
level to be measured in the two halves of the process tank.

An overflow in the right-hand compartment of the process tank to protect the process
tank from flooding. This compartment also incorporates two normally closed
solenoid valve (SOL2 and SOL3) of different Cv’s and manual drain valve (V4). The
left-hand compartment incorporates a manual drain valve (V3) .

Fig. 1.1 Process Module PCT9

Experiment Procedure:

Part (a) :

1- Calibrating the 4-20mA manual supply (PCT10):

• Turn the control knob on the 4-20mA outlet fully anti-clockwise. The
voltmeter should read 0.200 volts corresponding to 4mA across a 50ohm
resistor. Adjust the ZERO potentiometer using the plastic trim toll provided
until the voltmeter reads 0.200volts.
• Turn the control knob fully clockwise. The voltmeter should read 1.000 volts
corresponding to 20mA across a 50ohm resistor. Adjust the SPAN
potentiometer until the voltmeter reads 1.000 volts.
• Repeat the settings of the control knob and re-adjust the ZERO and SPAN
controls until the voltmeter reads 0.200 and 1.000 volts at minimum and
maximum. The 4-20mA outlet is now calibrated.

2- Manually operating motorized valve:

• Connect the manual 4-20mA supply to the motor positioner observing the
polarity of the sockets.
• Connect the motorized valve to the motor positioner using the 5 pin DIN lead.
• Rotate the control knob on the manual 4-20mA supply fully clockwise to the
20mA. The motorized valve will full open.
• Remove the 5 pin DIN lead , the valve will remain in the fully open position.

Part (b):
1- Connect the equipment as shown in the setup diagram.
2- Initial setting: V1, V3 , V5 – closed; V4 – open; V2- Adjust to give
3000cm3/min on F1 with motorized valve fully open; motorized valve – fully
open.
 3- Close the motorized valve.
4- Adjust the position of the valve in steps of 10% from 0% to 100%. This can be
achieved by adjusting the current flow to give steps of 0.08 volts on the
voltmeter.
5- At each position of the valve, record the corresponding flow rate on F1. Repeat
the procedure for the valve closing in steps of 10% to determine any hysteresis.

Data & Calculations

1- Fill the table below :

Flow rate (F1) Flow rate (F1)
Position cm3/min cm3/min
Valve closing Valve opening
V (volts) on meter % of opening

0.20 0
0.28 10
0.36 20
0.44 30
0.52 40
0.60 50
0.68 60
0.76 70
0.84 80
0.92 90
1.00 100
2- Plot the flow rate versus % of opening.
3- plot the flow rate versus mA signal.
Conclusions
1- Does the motorized control valve provide fine adjustment to the flow rate? Is it
good for the purpose of flow control?
2- How does the input signal to motorized control valve differ from the input
signal to a manual control valve?
3- What is the linearity of a control valve? Is the motorized valve linear?
4- What was the use of the variable area flow meter?
5- A valve may be used to …….?
6- What is the effect of adjustment of control valve V2? V4?
7- Discuss your plots.

Fig. 1.2 Calibrating the 4-20mA supply (PCT10)

Fig. 1.3 Manual operation of the motorized valve

Fig. 1.4 Experiment (1) Set up diagram

 Experiment (2)
Discharge Coefficients of Solenoid
Valves
Objectives
The objectives of this experiment are to :
• demonstrate the operation of Normally Open and Normally Closed
solenoid valves
• determine and show the significance of the Cv for two different valves.

Equipment:
• PCT9 Process module
• PCT10 Electrical Console

Experiment Procedure:

1- Iinitial settings: V1, V3, V4, V5 – Closed ; V2 – Fully Open; motorized

valve –fully open at 3000 cm3/min.
2- Open SOL 1 by disconnecting the electrical supply , close SOL2 by
disconnecting the electrical supply , and open SOL3 by connecting the
electrical supply.
3- Adjust the motorized valve to give 2400cm3/min on F1 and record the
level L1 at steady state .
4- Decrease the flow by a factor of 100cm3/min and repeat step 3 until the
tank is empty.
5- Close SOL3 and open SOL2. adjust the motorized valve to give
800cm3/min on F1 and repeat the same procedure above.

Theory:

Cv of a valve is a measure of the flow through the valve related to the pressure
drop (head). A valve with small Cv will pass less flow than a valve with a larger
cv for the same pressure drop across the valve. It is important to select a valve
with the correct characteristic for a particular application. Bernoulli’s equation
can be used to derive the following equation:

F = Cv P re-arranging for water flow:

Sp gr ‘

F = Cv
pgh
 F = Cv ρg h B = cv ρg

Linearized approximation for the non- linear term B h by using Taylor

Series Expansion. The equation become :

F = (cv ρg / 2 ho ) h + ( cv ρg ho / 2)
Data & Calculations
1- Fill the table below:

SOL3 SOL2
Flow rate (F1) Level (h) mm Flow rate (F1) Level (h) mm
cm3 / min cm3 / min
2500 900
2400 800
2300 750
2200 700
2100 650
2000 600
1900 550

1- Plot F versus (h) for SOL3, calculate the slope and intercept.
2- Plot F versus (h) for SOL2, calculate the slope and intercept.
3- Discuss your results .
Conclusions
1- When the level of a tank constant?
2- Does a solenoid valve have an intermediate setting? Can it be used for
adjusting flow?
3- What happen when power is applied to a Normally Open solenoid valve?
To a Normally Closed solenoid valve?
4- What does Cv measure? Which one has the larger Cv ,SOL2 or SOL3 ?

Fig. 5. Experiment (2) Setup Diagram

experiment (2), Discharge coefficient of Solenoid Valves

 Experiment (3)
Open Loop Dynamic Response of A
Process Tank
Objective:
• To demonstrate open loop response of a process tank and compare the
experimental response with a linearized first order model .

Equipment:
• PCT9 Process module
• PCT10 Electrical Console

Experiment Procedure:

1- Connect SOL2 to power socket in PCT10.

2- Initial settings: V1, V3, V4, V5 – closed; V2 – fully open; motorized valve
adjust to give 600cm3/min on F1, wait for steady state and record the level at
initial steady state his .
3- Open the motorized valve to give 800cm3/min on F1, and record the process
tank level 1 minute using the stop watch, until the new steady state is reached. (
you may need up to 50 minutes)

Theory:
Model the process tank system :
IN – Out = Accumulate
Fi – F = A (dh/dt )

A(dh/dt) + cv ρg h = Fi

Data & Calculations:

1- Fill the table below, take data every 30 sec:

Time(sec) Level cm Time Level cm Time Level cm

(min) (min)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
 300
330
360
390
420
450
2- Plot the level versus time

3- Model the process tank system, if non linear use the result in point (3) to linearize
the model .
( Hint : use Cv obtained in experiment #2.
4- Use deviation variables and obtain the transfer function of the process tank system.
5- Compare between theoretical and experimental transfer functions.

Conclusions:

1- What is the order of process tank system?

2- What is linearization? Why do we use it?
3- What is the process tank transfer function?
4- For the process tank system what can be:
- A control objective .
- Disturbances .
- Manipulated variables .
 Experiment (4): On-Off Level Control

Objective
• The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate on I off
control of level in the process tank using a level switch to
control the
1. The inlet solenoid valve (SOLI)
2. The outlet solenoid valve (SOL3)
3. The water pump

Equipment
• PCT9 Process module
• PCT10 Electrical Console

Experimental Procedure
1. Connect the equipment as shown in the set-up diagram.
2. Initial settings: VI, V3, V4, V5 closed; V2-adjust to give 3000
cm3/min on F1 with motorized valve fully open; Motorized
valve – Fully Open.
3. Locate the float switch is positioned on the front wall of the
right-hand process tank. Ensure that the bracket is clamped to
the wall.
4. Check that the switch is assembled with the N/0 symbol at
the top of the float (see setup. diagram).
5. Adjust the height of the float assembly so that the center
of the float is approximately at mid-height in the process
tank.
6. Set the changeover switch on the Switched Output of PCTIO
to the N/0 (Normally Open) position.
7. Open V4, wait and record your observations.
8. Close V4, wait and record your observations.
9. Set the changeover switch on the Switched Output ofPCT10 to
the N/C (Normally Close) position.

10. Open V4, wait and record your observations.

11. Close V4, wait and record your observations

12. Repeat the procedure (steps 6-11) connecting the controller

output to outlet solenoid valve (SOL3), determine weather the
normally open N/0 position is better or the normally close N/C
position.

13. Repeat the procedure (steps 6-11) connecting the controller

output to the water pump, determine weather the normally open
N/0 position is better or the normally close N/C position.

14. Remove the float switch and clamp it to the wall of the sump
tank.

15. Set the changeover switch on the Switched Output of PCTlO to

the N/0 (Normally Open) position.

16. Open V4, wait and record your observations.

17. Close V4, wait and record your observations.

Data & Calculations :
Switched
Output N/O
changeover
Process tank level Initial level before Final level after
with respect to SOL1 V4 is opened or V4 is opened or
float just after V4 (Open / Close) closed (mm) closed (mm)
opened / closed
Above 130
Below 20

Switched
Output N/O
changeover
Process tank level Initial level before Final level after
with respect to SOL3 V4 is opened or V4 is opened or
float just after V4 (Open / Close) closed (mm) closed (mm)
opened / closed
Above 130
Below 20

Switched
Output N/O
changeover
Process tank level Initial level before Final level after
with respect to Water pump V4 is opened or V4 is opened or
float just after V4 (Open / Close) closed (mm) closed (mm)
opened / closed
Above 130
Below 20

Switched Output
changeover N/O
Water pump Initial level before V4 is Final level after V4 is
(Open/Close) opened or closed (mm) opened or closed (mm)
130
20
Conclusions

1. State the following for each of the four configurations: the

control objective, the control strategy, the measured variable,
the disturbances, and the manipulated variable. Also, draw
the process block diagram.
2. For each configuration, which arrangement of the
changeover switch (N/0 or N/C) is the correct one? Why?
3. For each configuration, what may happen if the changeover
switch was set incorrectly and the tank level is too high? What
can correct such a problem?
4. For this system, is the on- off control used feedback or
feedforward? Can we use both arrangements?
Fig 4.1 Experiment (4) Initial configuration setup diagram.
 Experiment (5): Pressure Control using Proportional Control
and Effect of
Proportional Band on Final Offset

Objectives
• To demonstrate the characteristics of a (P) Proportional only
process controller and the response to a change in set point or
a disturbance in the process.
• To examine the effect of proportional band on the final error.

Equipment
• PCT14 Pressure Control Accessory: Pressure conditioning
module
• PCT10 Electrical Console.

Equipment Description
• The unit consists of a pipeline on which are mounted a
pneumatically-operated control valve, orifice meter and
pressure tapings, and the flow discharges to atmosphere or via
an air tank to vary the process lag’. The valve is operated from a
current to pressure converter, and transducers for direct and
differential pressure facilitate measurement of pressure and
flow respectively. A square root extractor is used with the latter
to provide a linear signal. Both transducers are provided· with
conditioners. The pipe-work and fittings are mounted on a
support frame, which is designed to stand on a bench top. The
unit is designed to operate with the PCT10 Electrical Console to
configure open or closed loop control circuits.

• Compressed air for the pneumatic instrumentation and

process is connected to a common inlet. Air for the
instrumentation is regulated by a pressure regulator (V1) and
the operating pressure is indicated on a pressure gauge (P1).
Air for the process is regulated by a pressure regulator (V2) and
the operating pressure is indicated on pressure gauge P3.

• The pneumatic instrumentation comprises an l/P converter

and control valve . The l/P converter accepts a 4-20mA control
signal from the PCTl0 Electrical Console and converts this to a
3-15psig pneumatic signal ,which operates the control valve.

• The control - valve comprises a diaphragm actuator, which

positions the stem of a plug type valve. An indicator on the
valve stem shows the actual position of the valve. A pressure
gauge (P2) indicates the signal applied to the control valve by
the l/P converter. The 4-20m.A input to the l/P converter is
connected to the banana sockets on the connection box to the
left of the converter.
• The air flowing through the process pipe passes through the
pneumatic valve and an orifice plate assembly before
discharging to atmosphere via a diffuser.
• A set of selector valves (V3, V4 and V5) allow an air tank to be
connected in series or parallel with the process pipe to change
the response of the system (by varying the process lag). The air
tank incorporates a pressure relief valve (V7).
• Two pressure signal conditioning modules (Fig.8) are supplied
with the PCT14. The PRESSURE conditioning module is used in
conjunction with the pressure transducer for measurement of
static pressure in the process pipe. The pressure transducer is
housed in a box which incorporates the necessary electrical
connections on the front panel. The pressure transducer is
connected to the process pipe by a rigid tube, which include a
pressure gauge (P4).
• The conditioning modules are plugged into one of the two
signal conditioning channels on PCT10 ,which allow the
appropriate pressure to converted to 0-1 Volt and 4 – 20 mA
signals for control or monitoring purposes. The pressure
sensors are connect ed to the signal conditioner using the BLUE
connecting leads (supplied with PCT14) ,which terminate with
banana plugs.
• The conditioning circuitry is contained in a plastic case, which
is electrically connected to the PCT10 via an 8pin connector at
the rear. The signal from the - pressure sensor is connected to
the -module- via the banana sockets on the front of the PCT10
Electrical console. The voltage and current outputs from the
module may be calibrated using the zero and span controls.
The plastic trim tool supplied with PCT10 may be used for this
purpose.

• When dispatched, the pressure conditioning module is set up

to give an operating range of 0-8psig. The differential pressure
conditioner is set up to suit the maximum flow rate through the
system. The 4-20m.A output from the conditioners may be
re-calibrated to correspond to a different range if required.

Fig. 5.1 Pressure Control Apparatus.

 Fig. 5.2 Pressure conditioning Module

Experimental Procedure

Initial Settings: (Refer to equipment set-up diagram)

1. Manual control valves: V4, V6- Closed; V1, V2, V3, V5- Open
2. Adjust V1 to give 22psig on gauge Pl.
_j
3. Adjust V2 to give 8psig on gauge P4 with pneumatic valve
open

• Process Controller:
The controller is a typical industrial model ,which utilizes a
microprocessor and allows re-configuration from the front
panel controls as shown in the figure below. Based on the
configuration settings, the controller can operate as on-off
controller or three-term (PID) controller.
Fig. 5.3 Front Panel Controls on the Process Controller.
• Controller Settings:

• Sensor calibration/settings:
0psig on P4 = 4mA and 0.000V from pressure conditioner = 0%
of rang 8psig on p4 = 20 mA and 1.000 V from pressure
conditioner = 100% of range.

Experimental Details:
1- Open the air compressor supply, without connecting to
PCT10 (Fail condition), Note if the valve is open or not, and
record your observation. As the pneumatic valve is open when
4 mA is applied to the I/P converter and a pressure below set
point requires the valve to be opened, the controller must be
configured for Direct action.
2- Connect the equipment as shown in the setup diagram.
Note: the controller is set for 40% Proportional Band (actual PB.
= 200%).
3. Manual operation to remove initial offsets. Set the controller
to Manual operation and adjust the output from the controller
to position the pneumatic valve to achieve the desired pressure
in the process pipe (40% process variable). Set the controller to
Automatic control. The pressure will remain at 40% (process
variable).
4. Change the set-point to 20%. Observe the response of the
system (Record the process variable value every 10 seconds).
The pneumatic valve will close to give less inflow to reduce the
pressure towards the new set point. Observe the final offset
from the set point.
5. Change the set-point to 40%. Observe the response of the
system (record the process variable value every 5 seconds). The
pneumatic valve will open to give additional inflow to increase
the pressure towards the new set point. Observe the final
offset from the set point.
6. Change the proportional band to 20% (actual is 100%), set
the process variable to 40% using manual control. Return to
automatic control and repeat steps 3-4.
7. Change the proportional band to 5% (actual is 25%), set the
process variable to 40% using manual control. Return to
automatic control and repeat steps 3-4.
8. Change the proportional band to 1% (actual is 5%), set the
process variable to 40% using manual control. Return to
automatic control and repeat steps 3-4.

Data & Calculations

1. Draw the closed loop dynamic response diagram (pressure
versus time) for each proportional band setting.
2. Calculate the final error associated with each response
3. Discuss your results.

Conclusions:
I. Draw the system block diagram?
2. What is the control strategy used here? Identify the objective
variable, the measured variable, the manipulated variable?
3. What is the sensor used? what is the final control element?
4. What action type of the controller is needed here? Explain?
5. What happens to the final error when the proportional band·
is reduced?
6. What is the optimum value of proportional band?
Fig. 5.4 Experiment (5) Setup Diagram
 Experiment (6): Pressure control using P+I Control and Effect
of Integral time

Objective
• Todemonstrate the characteristics of a (P+I) Proportional
Integral process controller and the response to a change in set-
point or a disturbance in the process.

• To examine the effect of integral time and proportional band

on system response.

Equipment
• PCT14 Pressure Control Accessory: Pressure conditioning
module' (note: the equipment requires a supply of clean
compressed air).

• PCT10 Electrical Console

Experimental Procedure
• Initial
Settings: (Refer to equipment setup diagram of
experiment (5))

1. Manual control valves: V4, V6 closed; V1, V2, V3, V5 - open

2. Adjust V1 to give 22.psig on gauge P 1.

3. Adjust-V3 to-give-8psig-on gage P4with pneumatic vain open

• Controller Settings:

As in: experiment (5), except that:

Proportional Band = 20 %

Integral time = 0.2 min

Experimental Details:
As the pneumatic valve is open when 4mA is applied to the liP
converter and a pressure below set point requires the valve to
be opened, the controller must be configured for DIRECT
action.
1. Connect the equipment as shown in the setup diagram.
Note: The controller is set for 20% Proportional Band (actual
PB. = 100%), and integral time of 0.2 min.
2. Manual operation to remove initial offsets. Set the
controller to Manual operation and adjust the output from the
controller to position the pneumatic valve to achieve the
desired pressure in the process pipe (40% process variable). Set
the controller to Automatic control. The pressure will remain at
40% (process variable).
3. Change the set-point to 20%. Observe the response of the
system (Record the process variable value every 5 seconds).
The pneumatic valve will close to give less inflow to reduce the
pressure towards the new set point. Observe the, final offset
from the set point.
4. Change the set-point to 40%.Observe the response of the
system (Record the process variable value every 5 seconds).
The pneumatic valve will open to give additional inflow to
increase the pressure towards the new set point. Observe the
final offset from the set point and the total time needed to
reach the final steady state.
5. Change the integral time to 1.0 min, set the process variable
"to-40% using manual control. Return to automatic control and
repeat steps 3-4· Observe the final offset and the total time
needed to reach the new steady state.
6. Change the proportional band to 5% (actual is 25%), set the
process variable to 40% using manual control. Return to
automatic control and repeat steps 3-4.
Data & Calculations
1. Draw the closed loop dynamic response diagram (pressure
verses time) for each controller setting.
2- Calculate the final error associated with each response and
the total time needed to reach the final steady state.
3- Discuss your results.

Conclusions:
1. Draw the system block diagram?
2. What happens to the final error when the integral time is
increased? What happens to the time needed to reach the
final steady state when the integral time is increased?
3. What happens to the final error when the proportional band
is reduced? What
happens to the time needed to reach the final steady state
when the proportional band is reduced
Experiment (7): Temperature PID control (Feedback Configuration)

Objective

• To control the temperature of the process fluid outlet temperature

(TC4) using a temperature sensor (using Feedback configuration)
and three-term controller with proportional output to a motorized
control valve in the heating fluid circuit.

Equipment

• PCT13 – Temperature Control Accessory (+ 24VAC indicator):

T/C conditioning modules (2 off), Flexible tubing (process fluid
inlet), Rigid tubing (process fluid outlet)
• PCT10 Electrical Console

Equipment Description

• The heart of the temperature process is a miniature plate heat

exchanger serviced by Process Fluid and Heating Fluid circuits.
The arrangement of the heat exchanger is shown in Fig. 12. The
heat exchanger, heating fluid reservoir, circulating pump, variable
area flow-meters, manual flow control valves, motorized flow
control valve and appropriate pipe-work and fitting are mounted in
a support frame which is designed to stand on a bench top. The
module is designer to be operated in conjunction with the PCT10
Electrical Console.
• The process fluid for the accessory is from an external supply and
is connected to the inlet using flexible tubing. The water passes
through a manual flow control valve (VI), variable area flow-meter
(F1) and bypass arrangement before entering the plate heat
exchanger. After heating in the exchanger, the water exits at an
 outlet connector on the side of the equipment. Rigid tubing is
connected to the outlet to take the water to a suitable drain. The
temperature of the water entering and leaving the heat exchanger is
monitored using thermocouples (TC3) and (TC4) respectively.

Experimental Procedure

• Initial Settings:

1. (Refer to equipment set-up diagram)

2. Manual control valves: V3 – Closed,

3. V1, V2 – open

4. Adjust V1 to give 250cm3/min on F1.

5. Adjust V2 to give 280cm3/min on F2 (with motorized valve open).

1. Controller Settings:

2.
Sensor calibration/settings:

1. Using ice and boiling water:

OºC = 4mA and 0.000V from T/C conditioner = 0% of range

100ºC = 20mA and 1.000V from T/C conditioner = 100% of range

2. Using cold and hot water:

TcºC = Tc/100V from T/C conditioner (trim on zero)

ThºC = Th/100V from T/C conditioner (trim on spam)

Fig. 7.1 calibrating the sensor / Conditioning module

Experimental Details:

As the motorized valve is closed when 4mA is applies to the positioner

and a temperature below set point requires the valve to be opened, the
process controller is configured for REVERSE action.

1. If the heating fluid reservoir is empty, fill with approximately 4 liters

of water by unscrewing the filler cap on the top.

2. Connect a cold water supply to the process fluid inlet. Ensure that
water discharging form the process fluid outlet is connected to a suitable
drain.

3. Connect the equipment as shown in the set-up diagram.

4. Allow the water in the reservoir to heat to operating temperature (TCI

approximately 35ºC, 0.35 Volts on the Voltmeter).

5. Observe that the temperature is maintained at the set point.

6. Reduce the flow of process fluid (Close V1 to give 100cm3/min on F1)

to give a disturbance to the process.

7. Observe the response of the system. The motorized valve will close to
reduce the flow of heating fluid to maintain the temperature at the set
point.

8. (Record the process fluid temperature every 10 seconds)

9. Increase the reservoir temperature TCI using the thermostat to about

45º C.

10. Observe the response of the system. The motorized valve will close to
reduce the flow of heating fluid to maintain the temperature at the set
point. (Record the process fluid temperature every 10 seconds)
Data & Calculations

1. Draw the closed loop dynamic response diagram (temperature verses

time) for each disturbance change.

2. Calculate the final error associated with each response.

3. Discuss your results.

Conclusions

1. Draw the system block diagram?

2. What is the control strategy used here? Identify the objective variable,
the measured variable, the manipulated variable?

3. What is the sensor used? What is the final control element?

4. What action type of the controller is needed here? Explain?

Fig. 7.2 Thermostat set-up to control heating water temperature

Fig. 7.3 Experiment (7) Setup Diagram
 Experiment (8): Temperature Control

(Comparison between open loop responses, P control, PI control)

Objective

• To compare the dynamic response of the process fluid outlet

temperature (TC4)

Using a temperature sensor for:

1. Open loop
2. P control
3. PI control

Equipment

• PCT13 – Temperature Control Accessory (+ 24VAC indicator):

T/C conditioning modules (2 off), Flexible tubing (process fluid
inlet), Rigid tubing (process fluid outlet).
• PCT10 Electrical Console

Experimental procedure

• Initial Settings: (Refer to equipment set-up diagram)

1. Manual control valves: V3 – Closed,
2. V1, V2 – open
3. Adjust V1 to give 250cm3/,min on F1.
4. Adjust V2 to give 280cm3/min on F2 (with motorized valve open).
• Controller Settings:
1. Set#1: Open loop, no controller
2. Set#2 : P control, PB= 50% (actual is 250%)
3. Set#3 : P control, PB= 10% (actual is 50%)
4. Set#4 : P1 control, PB=10%, integral time = 0.5min
Experimental Details:

As the motorized valve is closed when 4mA is applied to the positioner

and a temperature below set point requires the valve to be opened, the
process controller is configured for REVERSE action.

1. If the heating fluid reservoir is empty, fill with approximately 4

liters of water by unscrewing the filler cap on the top.
2. Connect a cold water supply to the process fluid inlet. Ensure that
water discharging from the process fluid outlet is connected to a
suitable drain.
3. Connect the equipment as shown in the set-up diagram of
experiment#7.
4. Allow the water in the reservoir to heat to operating temperature
(TCI approximately 35ºC, 0.35 Volts on the voltmeter).
5. Observe that the temperature is maintained at the set point (using
the PID settings of experiment #7).
6. Reduce the flow of process fluid (Close V1 to give 50cm3/min on
F1) to give a disturbance to the process.
7. Observe the response of the system. The motorized valve will close
to reduce the flow of heating fluid to maintain the temperature at
the set point.
8. (Record the process fluid temperature every 10 seconds)
9. Reset the process fluid flow to 250cm3/min, Repeat steps 5-7 to
each controller setting.

Data & Calculations

1. Draw the closed loop dynamic response diagram (temperature verses

time) for each disturbance change.

2. Calculate the final error associated with each response

3. Discuss your results.

Conclusions

1. Draw the system block diagram?

2. What is the control strategy used here? Identify the objective variable,
the measured variable, the manipulate variable?

3. What is the sensor used? What is the final control element?

4. What action type of the controller is needed here? Explain?