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Lalita CHAPTER 11 ALCOHOL AND DRUGS LESSON 1 Use and Abuse of Alcohol

Health

April 25, 2011

Alcohol is a drug created by a chemical reaction in some foods especially fruits and grains. --alcohol is found in beer, wine, whiskey, and other beverages. This drug can have stron physical and mental effects on the drinker. --Alcohol is the most common abuse drug in USA. It is illegal for people under age of 21. --Why do some teens begin drinking alcohol? 1. Some are trying to escape problem or relieve stress. 2. Some are pressured by peers to drink at parties, etc. So learning about effects of alcohol on your body will help you make decision not to drink. --Effects of alcohol on the body: Effects of Brain Short term effects 1. Brain it impairs function such as judgment, reasoning, memory, and concentration. 2. Reaction time is slow, coordination decreases, speech becomes slurred. 3. Vision and hearing are distorted. 4. Reduces people s inhibitions the ability or desire to control behavior. 5. Can lead to unconsciousness or death when too much. Long-term effects: Can cause brain cell destruction, nervous disorders and memory loss. --Effects on Blood Vessels Short-term effects 1. Enlarged, bringing blood closer to the skin surface and cause false sense of warmth. Long-term effects: can lead to high blood pressure and stroke. --Effects on liver Short-term effects 1. Overload the liver and can cause poisoning. 2. Lead to cirrhosis or scarring and destruction of liver tissue, and death 3. Lead to liver cancer. --Effects on heart Short-term effect: heart and pulse rate are increased Long-term effects: irregular heartbeat and damage to the heart muscles. --Effects on stomach Short-term effects: Can cause vomiting and choking when unconscious Long-term effects: cause ulcers or open sores in the stomach lining, and stomach cancer. --Alcoholism is an illness caused by a physical and mental need for alcohol. --Alcoholics are not able to limit the amount they drink. --Signs of alcoholism 1. drinks increasing amounts of alcohol and become drunk often. 2. places drinking alcohol ahead of other activities. 3. drinks alone. 4. experiences blackouts and cannot remember what he or she said or did while drinking.

2 5. show personality changes when drinking alcohol. 6. makes excuses for drinking, promises to quite but does not, or refuses to admit how much eh or she is drinking. --Help for alcoholism 1. admit that he or she has a problem and decide to seek help. 2. go through detoxification, a process of removing all alcohol from the body. 3. get counseling and support to learn to avoid alcohol. LESSON 2USE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS Drug is a nonfood substance taken into the body that can change the structure or function of the body or mind. Medicine is a drug that is used to treat an illness or relieve pain. Stimulant Amphetamine Depressant Inhalant Narcotic Hallucinogen --Prescription medicine Is medicine that you can get only with a doctor s written order. --Over-the-counter medicine can be bought without doctor s prescription. --Both can have side effects so should b used with caution. --Labels on over the counter medicines include 1. directions that explain the purpose and how to use it. 2. warning about any side effects. 3. a list of active ingredients 4. expiration date which tells when the medicine should not be used. --When does a person misuse and abuse drugs? (Drug misused means using a legal drug in an improper way) 1. Take more than recommended or prescribed dosage. 2. Continues to take medicine after it is no longer needed. 3. Stop taking a prescribe medicine sooner than the doctor s instruction. 4. Use medicine that was prescribed for someone else. --Marijuana is a mood-altering drug made from the leaves, steams and flowering tops of the help plant. --it is smoked in hand rolled cigarettes or in pipes. --Effects of marijuana: some feel relaxed; others feel sad, fearful, and suspicious. --Immediate effects: 1. inability to think or speak clearly 2. inability to concentrate 3. loss of short-term memory 4. lack of coordination and slowed reaction time 5. increased heart rate and appetite. Long-termed effects: 1. Problem with normal body development 2. Damage to lung tissue and immune cells that fight cancer.

3 3. Feelings of anxiety and panic 4. Possible psychological dependence 5. Infertility. --Stimulants --stimulants are a type of drugs that speed up the body s functions. --amphetamines, cocaine, and crack cocaine are stimulants. --Effects of stimulants: 1. can cause increases in heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. 2. give a false sense of energy and power. 3. leave a feeling of exhausted. --use of stimulants is illegal because it can cause death and addiction.

Amphetamines --are strong stimulants drugs that speed up the nervous system. --can be swallowed, inhaled, smoked, or injected. --people abused it to stay awake and get temporary feeling of energy. --Effects of amphetamines: Brain seizures, heart attack, stroke, uneven heartbeat, increased aggressiveness, mental illness, headaches, physical collapse, and death.

Cocaine and Crack Cocaine --Cocaine is an illegal stimulant drug. --it is white powder made from the leves of coca plant. --can be inhaled, smoked, or injected. --give the use a brief, powerful feeling of well-being, but can be replaced by anxiety and depression. user can be addicted. Effects of cocaine --loss of appetite, nausea, sleeplessness, seizurs, and stroke. --damage nasal membrane and lungs. --have trouble concentrating, become aggressive, or deny responsibility for action. --if use injection can get HIV OR HEPATITIS b. --crack cocaine, or crack is a concentrated form of cocaine. --produces a feeling of energy and excitement, but feeling lasts oly about 15 minutes. --feel depressed and craved more of the drug. --heart attack and death. --become dependant faster than cocaine users. -Depressants Depressants are drugs that slow down the body s functions and reactions, including heart and breathing rates. Types of depressants include tranquilizers, hypnotics, and barbiturates. Alcohol is also a depressant. -Other Illegal Drugs Other illegal drugs include inhalants, Narcotics and hallucinogens. Inhalants are substances whose fumes are breathed in to produce mind-altering sensations. Narcotics are dugs that relieve pain and dull the senses.

4 Hallucinogens are dugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses. -The dangers of drug abuse All drugs have powerful effects on the nervous system. They not only alter the way the nervous system works, but also causes individuals to lose control over their own lives. They also expose people to HIV and hepatitis. Some caused permanent brain damage, coma and death.

Lesson 3 The Nervous System -The Body s Control System Abuse of drugs and alcohol can permanently damage the nervous system. It is the control cener of our body. -Neurons The cells that made up the nervous system are called neurons. Thay are also known as nerve cells. There are three types of neurons: Sensory neurons, Connecting neurons, and the Motor neurons. -The Nervous System The nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The brain is the information center of the nervous system consisting of cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. The spinal cord is a long bundle of neurons that relays messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body. -Problems of the Nervous System Factors that lead to nervous system disorders: 1. Infections 2. Degenerative discorders 3. Injuries 4. Drug abuse 5. Alcohol abuse -Caring for your Nervous System Safety measures that will help prevent nervous system damage: 1. Protect yourself from disease 2. Wear a helmet 3. Wear a seat belt 4. Play it safe 5. Lift properly 6. Observe safety rules 7. Avoid alcohol and drugs. Lesson 4 Ricks Involved with Alcohol and Drug Use -Knowing the Risks 1. Alcohol and drug use may slow down a teens physical development 2. Alcohol and drug use may shorten a person s attention span 3. Alcohol and drug use may cause people to lose control and act in wyas they later regret.

5 -Physical Consequences 1. loss of physical coordination 2. muscle twitches and cramps 3. reduce strength 4. lowered energy level 5. slowed reflexes -Driking and Driving Alcohol can slow a person s reaction time, impair judgment, and interfere with decision making. The more alcohol a person drinks, the more dangerous he or she is behind the wheel. It is illegal for a person to drive while intoxicated or drunk. -The Effects on Others 1. Can cause birth defects in the unborn child. 2. Children whose mothers take drugs can have delayed development and learning disabilities in the children. 3. Can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). -Mental/Emotional Consequences Addiction, depression, loss of inhibitions, trouble communicating, inability to solve problems, lack of concentrations, poor judgment, anxiety, anger, irritability, reduced ambition, loss of memory, confusion, suicide. -Social Consequences Abuses will lose interest in family, friends, and even personal hygiene. -Risks in School 1. late or miss school often 2. get bad grades 3. lose the chance to play sports because of missed practices 4. let down classmates or teammates because of poor performances 5. lose opportunities to learn new skills and develop their abilities -Risks to the family 1. may become violent and hurt other family members 2. spent more time away from home, tell lies, moody and unpredictable 3. cannot provide emotional support, lose jobs create financial problem 4. disappoint parents, fail to meet family responsibilities 5. cause family break up -Ricks with the Law 1. A crime to buy, sell or possess drugs 2. driving while intoxicated will ose his or her driving license 3. become a criminal

6 Lesson 5 Avoiding Substance Abuse -Making Responsible Decisions Choose to have an alcohol and drug free life and take pride in the choices you have made. -Reasons to Avoid Substance Abuse Many people believe that they are Invulnerable or not able to be hurt, but there are many good reasons to avoide substance abuse as follows: 1. My future means too much to me to ruin it. 2. Alcohol and drugs can kill you 3. Alcohol and drugs take away your energy 4. I d rather be in control of what I do 5. It s not really fun, you end up feeling bad about yourself 5. Using that stuff means breaking the law, and I m smarter than that -Saying No to Substance Abuse We need to be assertive or havingthe determination to stand up for yourself in a firm but positive way. The following are tips for saying no: 1. Use humour 2. Use I messages. Don t accuse or blame the person 3. Take your time 4. Stand up straight and look the person in the eye 5. Speak in a firm but polite voice 6. Don t apologize for saying no. 7. Walk away from the situation. -Reaching Your Potential There are many alternatives to alcohol and drug use. Alternatives are other ways of thinking or acting. The following are some positive alternatives: 1. Improve skills in sports 2. Join a school club 3. Take art classes or learn to play a musical instrument 4. Study a new language 5. Volunteer in a hospital, or other places. The End.