SHORT REVISION

Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

1. BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :
(a)sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ; −1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 ;
−1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 ∀ θ ∈ R
(b)sec θ − tan2θ = 1 ;
2 sec θ ≥ 1 ∀ θ ∈ R
(c)cosec θ − cot θ = 1 ;
2 2 cosec θ ≥ 1 ∀ θ ∈ R
2. IMPORTANT T′ RATIOS:
(a)sin n π = 0 ; cos n π = (-1)n ; tan n π = 0 where n ∈ I
( 2n + 1)π ( 2 n + 1)π
(b)sin = (−1)n &cos = 0 where n ∈ I
2 2
π 3−1 5π
(c)sin 15° or sin = = cos 75° or cos ;
12 2 2 12
π 3+1 5π
cos 15° or cos = = sin 75° or sin ;
12 2 2 12
3 −1 3 +1
tan 15° = = 2 − 3 = cot 75° ; tan 75° = = 2 + 3 = cot 15°
3 +1 3 −1
π 2− 2 π 2+ 2 π 3π
(d)sin = ; cos = ; tan = 2−1 ; tan = 2+1
8 2 8 2 8 8
π 5−1 π 5+1
(e) sin or sin 18° = & cos 36° or cos =
10 4 5 4
3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ALLIED ANGLES :
If θ is any angle, then − θ, 90 ± θ, 180 ± θ, 270 ± θ, 360 ± θ etc. are called ALLIED ANGLES.
(a) sin (− θ) = − sin θ ; cos (− θ) = cos θ
(b) sin (90°- θ) = cos θ ; cos (90° − θ) = sin θ
(c) sin (90°+ θ) = cos θ ; cos (90°+ θ) = − sin θ (d)sin (180°− θ) = sin θ; cos (180°− θ) = − cos θ
(e) sin (180°+ θ) = − sin θ ; cos (180°+ θ) = − cos θ
(f) sin (270°− θ) = − cos θ ; cos (270°− θ) = − sin θ (g) sin (270°+ θ) = − cos θ ; cos (270°+ θ) = sin θ

4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES :

(a) sin (A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB (b) cos (A ± B) = cosA cosB ∓ sinA sinB
(c) sin²A − sin²B = cos²B − cos²A = sin (A+B) . sin (A− B)
(d) cos²A − sin²B = cos²B − sin²A = cos (A+B) . cos (A − B)
tan (A ± B) = tan A ± tan B
cot A cot B ∓ 1
(e) (f) cot (A ± B) =
1 ∓ tan A tan B cot B ± cot A
5. FACTORISATION OF THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO SINES OR COSINES :
C+ D C−D C+ D C− D
(a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin cos (b) sinC − sinD = 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2
C+ D C−D C+ D C− D
(c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos cos (d) cosC − cosD = − 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2
6. TRANSFORMATION OF PRODUCTS INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF SINES & COSINES :
(a) 2 sinA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A−B) (b) 2 cosA sinB = sin(A+B) − sin(A−B)
(c) 2 cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A−B) (d) 2 sinA sinB = cos(A−B) − cos(A+B)
7. MULTIPLE ANGLES AND HALF ANGLES :
θ θ
(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA ; sin θ = 2 sin cos
2 2
 (b) cos2A = cos2A − sin2A = 2cos2A − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2A ;
θ θ θ θ
cos θ = cos2 − sin² = 2cos2 − 1 = 1 − 2sin2 .
2 2 2 2
1 − cos 2A
2 cos2A = 1 + cos 2A , 2sin2A = 1 − cos 2A ; tan2A =
1 + cos 2A
θ θ
2 cos 2 = 1 + cos θ , 2 sin 2 = 1 − cos θ.
2 2
2tanA 2tan(θ 2)
(c) tan 2A = ; tan θ =
1−tan A 2 1−tan 2 (θ 2)
2tanA 1−tan 2 A
(d) sin 2A = , cos 2A = (e) sin 3A = 3 sinA − 4 sin3A
1+ tan 2 A 1+ tan A
2
3tanA− tan 3 A
(f) cos 3A = 4 cos3A − 3 cosA (g) tan 3A =
8. THREE ANGLES : 1−3tan 2 A
tan A + tan B+ tanC− tan A tan BtanC
(a) tan (A+B+C) =
1− tan A tan B− tan BtanC− tanCtan A
NOTE IF : (i) A+B+C = π then tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
π
(ii) A+B+C = then tanA tanB + tanB tanC + tanC tanA = 1
2
(b) If A + B + C = π then : (i) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
A B C
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
9. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
(a) Min. value of a2tan2θ + b2cot2θ = 2ab where θ ∈ R
(b) Max. and Min. value of acosθ + bsinθ are a 2 + b 2 and – a 2 + b 2
(c) If f(θ) = acos(α + θ) + bcos(β + θ) where a, b, α and β are known quantities then
– a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos(α − β) < f(θ) < a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos(α − β)
 π
(d) If α,β ∈  0,  and α + β = σ (constant) then the maximum values of the expression
2
cosα cosβ, cosα + cosβ, sinα + sinβ and sinα sinβ
occurs when α = β = σ/2.
(e) If α,β ∈  0, π  and α + β = σ(constant) then the minimum values of the expression
 2
secα + secβ, tanα + tanβ, cosecα + cosecβ occurs when α = β = σ/2.
(f) If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then maximum value of
sinA + sinB + sinC and sinA sinB sinC occurs when A = B = C = 600
(g) In case a quadratic in sinθ or cosθ is given then the maximum or minimum values can be interpreted
by making a perfect square.
10. Sum of sines or cosines of n angles,
nβ
 n−1 
( )
sin 2
sin α + sin (α + β) + sin (α + 2β ) + ...... + sin α + n − 1 β = β sin  α + β
sin 2  2 
nβ
 n−1 
cos α + cos (α + β) + cos (α + 2β ) + ...... + cos α (
+ n − 1 β )
=
sin 2
sin β
cos  α + β 
 2 
2
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Prove that cos²α + cos² (α + β) − 2cos α cos β cos (α + β) = sin²β
Q.2 Prove that cos 2α = 2 sin²β + 4cos (α + β) sin α sin β + cos 2(α + β)
Q.3 Prove that , tan α + 2 tan 2α + 4 tan 4α + 8 cot 8 α = cot α .
Q.4 Prove that : (a) tan 20° . tan 40° . tan 60° . tan 80° = 3
4 π 3π 5π 7π 3
(b) tan 9° − tan 27° − tan 63° + tan 81° = 4 . (c) sin + sin 4 + sin 4 + sin 4 =
16 16 16 16 2
Q.5 Calculate without using trigonometric tables :
2 cos 40° − cos20°
(a) cosec 10° − 3 sec 10° (b) 4 cos 20° − 3 cot 20° (c)
sin 20°
 sec5° cos40°  π 3π 5π 7π
(d) 2 2 sin10° + −2sin35° (e) cos6 + cos6 + cos6 + cos6
 2 sin5°  16 16 16 16
(f) tan 10° − tan 50° + tan 70°
 7π   π  3π   7π   π  3π 
Q.6(a) If X = sin  θ +  + sin  θ −  + sin  θ +  , Y = cos  θ +  + cos  θ −  + cos  θ + 
 12   12   12   12   12   12 
 X Y
then prove that − = 2 tan2θ.
Y X
(b) Prove that sin²12° + sin² 21° + sin² 39° + sin² 48° = 1+ sin² 9° + sin² 18° .
Q.7 Show that : (a) cot 7
1°
2
or tan 82
1°
2
= ( 3+ 2 )( 2 +1 or ) 2 + 3+ 4 + 6
1°
(b) tan 142 =2+ 2 − 3 − 6 .
2
m+ n
Q.8 If m tan (θ - 30°) = n tan (θ + 120°), show that cos 2 θ = .
2( m −n )
π y π x sin y 3 + sin 2 x
Q.9 If tan  +  = tan3  +  , prove that = .
4 2 4 2 sin x 1 + 3 sin 2 x
4 5 π
Q.10 If cos (α + β) = ; sin (α - β) = & α , β lie between 0 & , then find the value of tan 2α.
5 13 4
tanβ
sinβ 1+ tanα 1−tanα tanβ
= ( m > n ) then
n
Q.11 Prove that if the angles α & β satisfy the relation =
sin(2α +β ) m m+ n m −n
Q.12 (a) If y = 10 cos²x − 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x , then find the greatest & least value of y .
(b) If y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x , find the maximum & minimum values of y ∀ x ∈ R .
(c) If y = 9 sec2x + 16 cosec2x, find the minimum value of y ∀ x ∈ R.
 π
(d) Prove that 3 cos  θ +  + 5 cos θ + 3 lies from - 4 & 10 .
 3

( )
(e) Prove that 2 3 + 4 sin θ + 4 cos θ lies between − 2 2+ 5 & 2 2+ 5 . ( ) ( )
 tan A 
Q.13 If A + B + C = π, prove that ∑
  = ∑ (tan A) − 2 ∑ (cot A).
 tan B.tanC 
Q.14 If α + β = c where α, β > 0 each lying between 0 and π/2 and c is a constant, find the maximum or
minimum value of
(a) sin α + sin β (b) sin α sin β
(c) tan α + tan β (d) cosec α + cosec β
Q.15 Let A1 , A2 , ...... , An be the vertices of an n-sided regular polygon such that ;
1 1 1
= + . Find the value of n.
A1 A 2 A1 A 3 A1 A 4
Q.16 Prove that : cosec θ + cosec 2 θ + cosec 22 θ + ...... + cosec 2 n − 1 θ = cot (θ/2) − cot 2 n - 1θ
Q.17 For all values of α , β , γ prove that;
α +β β+ γ γ +α
cos α + cos β + cos γ + cos (α + β + γ) = 4 cos .cos . cos .
2 2 2
1 + sin A cos B 2 sin A − 2 sin B
Q.18 Show that + = .
cos A 1 − sin B sin(A − B) + cos A − cos B
tan α + tan γ sin 2 α + sin 2 γ
Q.19 If tan β = , prove that sin 2β = .
1 + tan α . tan γ 1 + sin 2 α . sin 2 γ
Q.20 If α + β = γ , prove that cos² α + cos² β + cos² γ = 1 + 2 cos α cos β cos γ .
π ( )( )
(1 − tan α2 ) 1 − tan β2 1 − tan 2γ sin α + sin β + sin γ − 1
Q.21 If α + β + γ = , show that
2 ( )( )
(1 + tan α2 ) 1 + tan β2 1 + tan 2γ cos α + cos β + cos γ
= .
Q.22 If A + B + C = π and cot θ = cot A + cot B + cot C, show that ,
sin (A − θ) . sin (B − θ) . sin (C − θ) = sin3 θ .
π 3π 5π 17 π
Q.23 If P = cos + cos + cos + ......... + cos and
19 19 19 19
2π 4π 6π 20π
Q = cos + cos + cos + ......... + cos , then find P – Q.
21 21 21 21
Q.24 If A, B, C denote the angles of a triangle ABC then prove that the triangle is right angled if and only if
sin4A + sin4B + sin4C = 0.
Q.25 Given that (1 + tan 1°)(1 + tan 2°)......(1 + tan 45°) = 2n, find n.
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 If tan α = p/q where α = 6β, α being an acute angle, prove that;
1
(p cosec 2 β − q sec 2 β) = p 2 +q 2 .
2
Q.2 Let A1 , A2 , A3 ............ An are the vertices of a regular n sided polygon inscribed in a circle of radius R.
If (A1 A2)2 + (A1 A3)2 + ......... + (A1 An)2 = 14 R2 , find the number of sides in the polygon.
 cos 3θ + cos 3φ
Q.3 Prove that: = (cosθ + cosφ) cos(θ + φ) – (sinθ + sinφ) sin(θ + φ)
2 cos(θ − φ) − 1
Q.4 Without using the surd value for sin 180 or cos 360 , prove that 4 sin 360 cos 180 = 5
sin x sin3x sin9x 1
Q.5 Show that , + + = (tan27x − tanx)
cos3x cos9x cos27x 2
5
rπ 5
rπ
Q.6 Let x1 = ∏ cos 11 and x2 = ∑ cos 11 , then show that
r =1 r =1
1  π 
x1 · x2 =  cos ec − 1 , where Π denotes the continued product.
64  22 
2π
Q.7 If θ = , prove that tan θ . tan 2 θ + tan 2 θ . tan 4 θ + tan 4 θ . tan θ = − 7.
7
π cosx
Q.8 For 0 < x < prove that , > 8.
4 sin x(cosx −sinx )
2

2π 7 π 2π 3π 7
Q.9 (a) If α = prove that, sin α + sin 2α + sin 4α = (b) sin . sin . sin =
7 2 7 7 7 8
88
1 cos k
Q.10 Let k = 1°, then prove that ∑ =
n =0 cos nk · cos(n + 1)k sin 2 k
3
Q.11 Prove that the value of cos A + cos B + cos C lies between 1 & where A + B + C = π.
2
Q.12 If cosA = tanB, cosB = tanC and cosC = tanA , then prove that sinA = sinB = sinC = 2 sin18°.
3 + cos x
Q.13 Show that ∀ x ∈ R can not have any value between − 2 2 and 2 2 . What inference
sin x
sin x
can you draw about the values of ?
3 + cos x
5
Q.14 If (1 + sin t)(1 + cos t) = . Find the value of (1 – sin t)(1 – cos t).
4
sin 4 α cos4 α 1 sin 8 α cos8 α 1
+ = + 3 =
Q.15 Prove that from the equality
a b a +b
follows the relation ;
a 3
b (a +b )3 .
Q.16 Prove that the triangle ABC is equilateral iff , cot A + cot B + cot C = 3 .
Q.17 Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.
Q.18 ( ) (
Prove that : 4 sin 27° = 5+ 5 1 / 2 − 3− 5 1 / 2 .)
A B C
Q.19 If A+B+C = π; prove that tan2 + tan2 + tan2 ≥ 1.
2 2 2
A B C 1
Q.20 If A+B+C = π (A , B , C > 0) , prove that sin . sin . sin ≤ .
2 2 2 8
Q.21 Show that elliminating x & y from the equations , sin x + sin y = a ;
8ab
cos x + cos y = b & tan x + tan y = c gives 2 2 2
( )
a +b −4a 2
= c.

Q.22 Determine the smallest positive value of x (in degrees) for which
tan(x + 100°) = tan(x + 50°) tan x tan (x – 50°).
x
n tan n
Q.23 Evaluate : ∑ 2
n =1 2 n −1 x
cos n −1
2
β+ γ−α  γ +α −β  α+β−γ 
Q.24 If α + β + γ = π & tan   · tan   · tan   = 1, then prove that;
 4   4   4 
1 + cos α + cos β + cos γ = 0.
Q.25 ∀ x ∈ R, find the range of the function, f (x) = cos x (sin x + sin 2 x + sin 2 α ) ; α ∈ [0, π]
EXERCISE–III
4xy
Q.1 sec2θ = is true if and only if : [JEE ’96, 1]
( x + y) 2
(A) x + y ≠ 0 (B) x = y , x ≠ 0 (C) x = y (D) x ≠ 0 , y ≠ 0
n
Q.2 (a) Let n be an odd integer. If sin nθ = ∑ br sinr θ, for every value of θ, then :
r=0
(A) b0 = 1, b1 = 3 (B) b0 = 0, b1 = n
 (C) b0 = − 1, b1 = n (D) b0 = 0, b1 = n2 − 3n + 3
(b) Let A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of unit radius .
Then the product of the lengths of the line segments A0 A1, A0 A2 & A0 A4 is :
3 3 3
(A) (B) 3 3 (C) 3 (D)
4 2
(c) Which of the following number(s) is/are rational ? [ JEE '98, 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 out of 200 ]
(A) sin 15º (B) cos 15º (C) sin 15º cos 15º (D) sin 15º cos 75º
 θ 
Q.3 For a positive integer n, let fn (θ) =  tan  (1+ sec θ) (1+ sec 2θ) (1+ sec 4θ) .... (1 + sec2nθ) Then
 2 
 π  π  π  π 
(A) f2   = 1 (B) f3   = 1 (C) f4   = 1 (D) f 5   =1 [JEE '99,3]
16 32 64 128 
Q.4(a) Let f (θ) = sin θ (sin θ + sin 3 θ) . Then f (θ) : [ JEE 2000 Screening. 1 out of 35 ]
(A) ≥ 0 only when θ ≥ 0 (B) ≤ 0 for all real θ
(C) ≥ 0 for all real θ (D) ≤ 0 only when θ ≤ 0 .
A B C A B C
(b) In any triangle ABC, prove that, cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot . [JEE 2000]
2 2 2 2 2 2
Q.5(a) Find the maximum and minimum values of 27cos 2x · 81sin 2x.
π
(b) Find the smallest positive values of x & y satisfying, x − y = , cot x + cot y = 2. [REE 2000, 3]
4
π
Q.6 If α + β = and β + γ = α then tanα equals [ JEE 2001 (Screening), 1 out of 35 ]
2
(A) 2(tanβ + tanγ) (B) tanβ + tanγ (C) tanβ + 2tanγ (D) 2tanβ + tanγ
1 1
Q.7 If θ and φ are acute angles satisfying sinθ = , cos φ = , then θ + φ ∈ [JEE 2004 (Screening)]
2 3
 π π  π 2π   2π 5π   5π 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , π 
 3 2  2 3   3 6   6 
Q.8 In an equilateral triangle, 3 coins of radii 1 unit each are kept so that they
touch each other and also the sides of the triangle. Area of the triangle is
(A) 4 + 2 3 (B) 6 + 4 3
7 3 7 3
(C) 12 + (D) 3 +
4 4
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
 π
Q.9 Let θ ∈  0,  and t1 = (tanθ)tanθ, t2 = (tanθ)cotθ, t3 = (cotθ)tanθ , t4 = (cotθ)cotθ, then
 4
(A) t1 > t2 > t3 > t4 (B) t4 > t3 > t1 > t2 (C) t3 > t1 > t2 > t4 (D) t2 > t3 > t1 > t4
[JEE 2006, 3]
ANSWER SHEET (EXERCISE–I)
5 56
Q 5. (a) 4 (b) −1 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) (f) 3 Q 10.
4 33
13
Q 12. (a) ymax = 11 ; ymin = 1 (b) ymax = ; ymin = − 1, (c) 49
2
3
Q14. (a) max = 2 sin (c/2), (b) max. = sin (c/2), (c) min = 2 tan (c/2), (d) min = 2 cosec (c/2)
Q 15. n = 7 Q23. 1 Q.25 n = 23
EXERCISE –II
 1 1  13
Q.2 n = 7 Q.13 − 2 2 , 2 2  Q.14 − 10 Q.22 x = 30°
  4
2 1
Q 23. − Q.25 – 1 + sin 2 α ≤ y ≤ 1 + sin 2 α
sin 2 x 2 n −1 sin x
2 n −1
EXERCISE–III
Q.1 B Q.2 (a) B, (b) C, (c) C Q.3 A, B, C, D Q.4 (a) C
5π π
Q.5 (a) max. = 35 & min. = 3–5 ; (b) x = ;y= Q.6 C Q.7 B
12 6
Q.8 B Q.9 B
 EXERCISE–IV (Objective)
Part : (A) Only one correct option
( )
tan x − 2π .cos (32π + x ) −sin3 (72π − x )
cos(x − 2π ).tan (32π + x )
1 . when simplified reduces to:

(A) sin x cos x (B) − sin2 x (C) − sin x cos x (D) sin2x
 4  3π    6 π  
The expression 3 sin  2 − α  + sin (3π + α) – 2 sin  2 + α  + sin (5π + α ) is equal to
4 6
2.
       
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) sin 4α + sin 6α
3. If tan A & tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 − ax + b = 0, then the value of sin2 (A + B).
a2 a2 a2 a2
(A) (B) 2 2 (C) (D) 2
a 2 +(1−b)2 a +b (b+c )2 b (1−a)2
4. The value of log2 [cos (α + β) + cos (α − β) − cos 2α. cos 2β] :
2 2

(A) depends on α & β both (B) depends on α but not on β

(C) depends on β but not on α (D) independent of both α & β.
cos20°+8sin70°sin50 °sin10°
5. is equal to:
sin 2 80°
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3/4 (D) none
6. If cos A = 3/4, then the value of 16cos2 (A/2) – 32 sin (A/2) sin (5A/2) is
(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C) 3 (D) 4
7. If y = cos2 (45º + x) + (sin x − cos x)2 then the maximum & minimum values of y are:
(A) 2 & 0 (B) 3 & 0 (C) 3 & 1 (D) none
π 3π 5π 17π
8. The value of cos + cos + cos +...... + cos is equal to:
19 19 19 19
(A) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) none
9. The greatest and least value of log 2
(sin x − cos x + 3 2 ) are respectively:
(A) 2 & 1 (B) 5 & 3 (C) 7 & 5 (D) 9 & 7
10. In a right angled triangle the hypotenuse is 2 2 times the perpendicular drawn from the opposite
vertex. Then the other acute angles of the triangle are
π π π 3π π π π 3π
(A) & (B) & (C) & (D) &
3 6 8 8 4 4 5 10
1 1
11. cos290 ° + 3 sin250 ° =
2 3 4 3
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) none
3 3
3π 1
12. If < α < π, then 2 cot α + is equal to
4 sin2 α
(A) 1 + cot α (B) – 1 – cot α (C) 1 – cot α (D) – 1 + cot α
 3π   π x 
13. If x ∈  π,  then 4 cos2  −  + 4 sin 4 x + sin 2 2 x is always equal to
 2  4 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) none of these
14. If 2 cos x + sin x = 1, then value of 7 cos x + 6 sin x is equal to
(A) 2 or 6 (B) 1 or 3 (C) 2 or 3 (D) none of these
11
15. If cosec A + cot A = , then tan A is
2
21 15 44 117
(A) (B) (C) (D)
22 16 117 43
1
16. If cot α + tan α = m and – cos α = n, then
cos α
2 1/3 2 1/3
(A) m (mn ) – n(nm ) = 1 (B) m(m 2n)1/3 – n(nm 2)1/3 = 1
(C) n(mn2)1/3 – m(nm 2)1/3 = 1 (D) n(m 2n)1/3 m(mn2)1/3 = 1
cos 6 x + 6 cos 4 x + 15 cos 2x + 10
17. The expression is equal to
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3 x + 10 cos x
(A) cos 2x (B) 2 cos x (C) cos2 x (D) 1 + cos x
sin A 3 cos A 5
18. If = and = , 0 < A, B < π/2, then tan A + tan B is equal to
sin B 2 cos B 2
(A) 3/ 5 (B) 5/ 3 (C) 1 (D) ( 5 + 3 ) / 5
tan θ3
cot θ
3
19. If sin 2θ = k, then the value of + is equal to
1 + tan θ 2
1 + cot 2 θ
1− k2 2 − k2
(A) (B) (C) k2 + 1 (D) 2 – k 2
k k
Part : (B) May have more than one options correct
20. Which of the following is correct ?
(A) sin 1° > sin 1 (B) sin 1° < sin 1 (C) cos 1° > cos 1 (D) cos 1° < cos 1
21. If 3 sin β = sin (2α + β), then tan (α + β) – 2 tan α is
(A) independent of α (B) independent of β
(C) dependent of both α and β (D) independent of α but dependent of β
3 sin(α + β ) − 2 cos (α + β)
4 cos 6π
22. It is known that sin β = & 0 < β < π then the value of is:
5 sinα
5
(A) independent of α for all β in (0, π) (B) for tan β > 0
3
3 (7 + 24 cot α )
(C) for tan β < 0 (D) none
15
23. If the sides of a right angled triangle are {cos2α + cos2β + 2cos(α + β)} and
{sin2α + sin2β + 2sin(α + β)}, then the length of the hypotenuse is:
α−β α +β
(A) 2[1+cos(α − β)] (B) 2[1 − cos(α + β)] (C) 4 cos2 (D) 4sin2
2 2
24. If x = sec φ − tan φ & y = cosec φ + cot φ then:
y+1 1+ x y −1
(A) x = y − 1 (B) y = 1 − x (C) x = y + 1 (D) xy + x − y + 1 = 0
25. (a + 2) sin α + (2a – 1) cos α = (2a + 1) if tan α =
3 4 2a 2a
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 2
4 3 a +1 a −1
2b
26. If tan x = , (a ≠ c)
a−c
y = a cos2x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2x
z = a sin2x – 2b sin x cos x + c cos2x, then
(A) y = z (B) y + z = a + c (C) y – z = a – c (D) y – z = (a – c)2 + 4b2
n n
 cos A + cos B   sin A + sinB 
27.   +  
 sin A − sinB   cos A − cos B 
A −B A −B
(A) 2 tann (B) 2 cotn : n is even (C) 0 : n is odd (D) none
2 2
6 6 2
28. The equation sin x + cos x = a has real solution if
 1  1 1 1 
(A) a ∈ (–1, 1) (B) a ∈  − 1, −  (C) a ∈  −  (D) a ∈  , 1
 2  2 2 2 

EXERCISE–IV (Subjective)
1. The minute hand of a watch is 1.5 cm long. How far does its tip move in 50 minutes?
(Use π = 3.14).
2. If the arcs of the same length in two circles subtend angles 75° and 120°at the centre, find the ratio of
their radii.
3. Sketch the following graphs :
x
(i) y = 3 sin 2x (ii) y = 2 tan x (iii) y = sin
2
 3π    3π  
4. Prove that cos  + θ  cos (2π + θ) cot  − θ  + cot (2π + θ) = 1.
 2    2  
θ 9θ 5θ
5. Prove that cos 2 θ cos – cos 3 θ cos = sin 5 θ sin .
2 2 2
3 3π x x
6. If tan x = , π < x < , find the value of sin and cos .
4 2 2 2
 2  α −π  
 1 − cot  4  
   + cos α cot 4α  9α
7. prove that   sec = cosec 4α.

1 + cot 2  α − π  2  2

  4  
8. Prove that, sin 3 x. sin3 x + cos 3 x. cos3 x = cos3 2 x.
p 1
9. If tan α = where α = 6 β, α being an acute angle, prove that; (p cosec 2 β − q sec 2 β) = p 2 + q 2 .
q 2
tan α + tan γ sin 2α + sin 2γ
10. If tan β = 1 + tan α. tan γ , prove that sin 2β = 1 + sin 2α. sin 2γ .

11. Show that: (i) cot 7

1°
2
or tan 82
1°
2
= ( 3 + 2 )( 2 +1) or 2+ 3+ 4+ 6

(ii) tan 142

1°
2
= 2 + 2− 3− 6 . (iii) (
4 sin 27° = 5 + 5 ) − (3 − 5 )
1/ 2 1/ 2
12. Prove that, tan α + 2 tan 2α + 4 tan 4α + 8 cot 8 α = cot α.
−3
13. If cos (β − γ) + cos (γ − α) + cos (α − β) = , prove that
2
cos α + cos β + cos γ = 0, sin α + sin β + sin γ = 0.
sin4 α cos 4 α 1 sin8 α cos 8 α 1
14. Prove that from the equality + = follows the relation + =
a b a+b a3 b3 (a + b)3
15. Prove that: cosec θ + cosec 2 θ + cosec 22 θ +... + cosec 2 n − 1θ = cot (θ/2) − cot 2n − 1 θ. Hence or
4π 8π 16π 32π
otherwise prove that cosec + cosec + cosec + cosec =0
15 15 15 15
1 1 1
16. Let A1, A2,......, An be the vertices of an n−sided regular polygon such that; A A = A A + A A .
1 2 1 3 1 4
Find the value of n.
17. If A + B + C = π, then prove that
A B C A B C 1
(i) tan² + tan² + tan² ≥1 (ii) sin . sin . sin ≤ .
2 2 2 2 2 2 8
3
(iii) cos A + cos B + cos C ≤
2
ax by ax sin θ by cos θ
18. If + = a2 – b2, – = 0. Show that (ax)2/3 + (by)2/3 = (a2 – b2) 2/3
cos θ sin θ cos θ2
sin2 θ
19. If Pn = cos θ + sin θ and Q n = cos θ – sin θ, then show that
n n n n

Pn – Pn – 2 = – sin2θ cos2θ Pn – 4
Q n – Q n – 2 = – sin2θ cos2θ Q n – 4 and hence show that
P4 = 1 – 2 sin2θ cos2θ , Q 4 = cos2θ – sin2θ
20. If sin (θ + α) = a & sin (θ + β) = b (0 < α, β, θ < π/2) then find the value of
cos2 (α − β) − 4 ab cos(α − β)
21. If A + B + C = π, prove that
tan B tan C + tan C tan A + tan A tan B = 1 + sec A. sec B. sec C.
22. If tan2α + 2tanα. tan2β = tan2β + 2tanβ. tan2α, then prove that each side is equal to 1 or
tan α = ± tan β.

EXERCISE–IV EXERCISE–V
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B
1. 7.85 cm 2. r 1 : r2 = 8 : 5
8. A 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A
x 3 x 1
15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. BC 6. sin = and cos =–
2 10 2 10
21. AB 22. BC 23. AC 24. BCD 25. BD 26. BC
16. n = 7 20. 1 − 2a2 − 2b2
27. BC 28. BD