1 - Basic English Grammar
1 - Basic English Grammar
(c) SINGULAR: a city, a country Some singular nouns that end in -y have a special
PLURAL: cities, countries plural form: They omit the -y and add -ies.*
NOUN and NOUN + ARE+ NOUN Two nouns connected by and are followed by are.
(d) Canada and China are countries. In (d): Canada is a singular noun. China is a singular
(e) Dogs noun. They are connected by and. Together they are
and cats are animals.
plural, i.e., "more than one."
*See Chart 3-5, p. 69, for more information about adding -sl-es to words that end in -y.
2. a textbook 5. a pen
3. a pencil 6. a dictionary
..:::::: a pencil
"
a n eraser
8 CHAPTER 1
0 Exercise 16. Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-3 and 1-4)
Complete the sentences. Use a or an and the words from the box.
a c hicken a pea
2. A pea is a vegetable.
3. A dictionary is a book.
4. An airplane is a machine.
5. June is a month.
July is a month.
6. Winter is a season.
Summer is a season.
7. Egypt is a country.
Indonesia is a country.
Using Be 9
o Exercise 27. Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-5 and 1-6)
Make sentences with is, isn't, are, and aren't.
Examples: Africa \ city .. . It \ continent
Africa isn't a city ft's a continent.
2.
3.
4.
mom
father
dad
9.
10.
11.
aunt
uncle
parent I
I I
Qilsabelle + David
Part 11. Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct answer. Note: in spoken English, the
(J "t" in negative contractions may be hard to hear.
CD 1
Track 4
1. is isn' t 3. lS isn't 5. are aren't 7. are aren't
2. lS isn't 4. lS isn' t 6. are aren't 8. are aren't
14 CHAPTER 1
0 Exercise 30. Warm-up. (Chart 1-7)
Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
1. Bill is _ _ _ __ _ __
2. He is also
3. Sam is _ _ _ __ ___ and _ _ _ _ __ _ _
Bill Sam
1·7 Be + Adjective
NOUN + BE + ADJECTIVE round
(a) A ball is round. intelligent
(b) Balls are round. hungry = adjectives
(c) Mary is intelligent. young
(d) Mary and Tom are intelligent. happy
*The noun or pronoun that comes at the beginning of a sentence is called a " subject. " See Chart 6-l, p. 159.
16 CHAPTER 1
6. Cars aren't cheap. They
0 Exercise 32. Grammar and vocabulary. (Charts 1-3, 1-4, and 1-7)
Complete each sentence with is or are and an adjective from the box.
1. Fire is hot
2. Ice and snow
3. A box
8. A joke
12. A lemon
--
a lemon sugar
lemonade
Using Be 17
0 Exercise 38. Warm-up. (Chart 1-8)
Read the sentences and choose yes or no.
1. The cat is next to the mousetrap. yes no
2. The mouse is under the chair. yes no
3. The mouse is behind the cat. yes no
I
1-8 Be+ a Place
(a) Maria is here. In (a): here = a place.
In (b): at the library = a place.
(b) Bob is at the library.
Be is often followed by a place.
I
on the bus.
(d) Bob is in his room .
at work.
next to Maria .
[]ON
[] [] c::rP BEHIND
fJUNDER
Using Be 21
------------ --
0 Exercise 39. Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-8)
Complete each sentence with a preposition from the box.
22 CHAPTER 1
o Exercise 5. Warm-up. (Chart 2-2)
Answer the questions. In b., both answers are possible. Which negative contraction do
you prefer?
1. Is the classroom cold?
a. Yes, it is. b . No, it isn't. I No, it's not.
2. Are the chairs in the classroom comfortable?
a. Yes, they are. b. No, they aren't. I No, they're not.
2. A:
B: Yes. she is. (Alma is in my class.)
3. A: ----------------------------------------------------------
B: (I'm not homesick.)
4. A: ----------------------------------------------------------
B: ---------------------------- (Kareem is homesick.)
5. A: --------------------------------------------------------
B: (Kara isn't here today.)
6. A: --------------------------------------------------------
B: (The students in this class are smart.)
30 CHAPTER 2
7. A:
B: (The chairs in this room aren't comfortable.)
8. A:
B: (I'm not single.)
9. A:
B: (We're married.)
PARTNER A PARTNERB
B: Yes, lam
A: you from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?
B: No, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __
Question Response
1. a. Is Sami absent? At home.
b. Where is Sami?
2. a. Where are the boxes? Yes, they are .
b. Are the boxes in the closet?
3. a. Are you outside? No, I'm not.
b . Where are you?
4. a. Is the mail on the kitchen counter? On the kitchen counter.
b . Where is the mail?
2. A: Where is Sara?
B: At home. (Sara is at home.)
3. A:
B: Yes, it is. (Cairo is in Egypt.)
4. A:
B: In Egypt. (Cairo is in Egypt.)
5. A:
B: Yes, they are. (The students are in class today.)
6. A:
B: In class. (The students are in class today.)
7. A:
B: On Main Street. (The post office is on Main Street.)
8. A:
B: Yes, it is. (The train station is on Grand Avenue.)
9. A:
B: Over there. (The bus stop is over there.)
10. A:
B: At work. (Ali and Jake are at work now.)
SUBJECT+ BE + A PlACE Notice in the examples: There are three basic completions
(c) We are in class. for sentences that begin with a subject + the verb be:
(d) She is upstairs. • a noun, as in (a)
• an adjective, as in (b)
• an expression of place,* as in (c) and (d)
*An expression of place can be a preposition + noun, or it can be one word: upstairs.
BE + COMPLETION
2. Anna is in Rome. is + i
t?lace
24 CHAPTER 1
say good-bye to someone 16.
brush my teeth 17.
do exercises 18.
wash my face 19.
Part 11. Work with a partner. Talk about your habits every morning. Close your book for
this activity.
_ _ __ _ _ _ ___ a shower.
in the cafeteria.
He
(b) He
She
does not
does not
drink coffee.
drink coffee.
She
lt
)+ does not + main verb
1. We have a TV.
76 CHAPTER 3
3-9 Simple Present Tense: Yes/No Questions
DO/DOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB QUESTION FORMS, SIMPLE PRESENT
(a) Do I work? Dol
(b) Do you work? Do you
(c) Does he work? Does he
Does she + main verb (base form)
(d) Does she work?
Does it
(e) Does it work? Do we
(f) Do we work? Do they
(g) Do they work?
Notice in (c), (d), and (e) : The main verb in the question
does not have a final -s. The final -s is part of does.
INCORRECT: Does she works?
(h) Am I late? When the main verb is a form of be, do is NOT used.
( i) Are you ready? See Chart 2-1 , p. 28, for question forms with be.
(j) Is he a teacher?
(k) Are we early?
(I) Are they at home?
(m) Are you a student?
INCORRECT: Do you be a student?
QUESTION
I SHORT ANSWER
(n) Do you like fish? Yes, I do. Do, don't, does, and doesn't are used in the short
No, I don't. answers to yes/no questions in the simple present.
(o) Does Liam like fish? Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't.
(p) Brad does his homework. Note that do can also be a main verb, as in (p) and (q).
(q) Does Brad do his homework?
82 CHAPTER 3
4. A: rain \ it \ in April
B: a. Yes, it does.
b. Yes, it rains.
5. A: do \ he \ his homework
B: a. No, he doesn't.
b. No, he doesn't do.
0 Exercise 45. Speaking and grammar: pairwork. (Charts 2-1, 2-2, and 3-9)
Part I. Work with a partner. Take turns making questions and giving short answers. Use
the names of your classmates in the questions. Note: Part I is speaking practice. Do not
write the answers until Part II.
Example:
PARTNER A:
PARTNER B: (He is in class today.)
PARTNER A: Is Ali in class today?
PARTNER B: Yes, he is.
Example:
P ARTNERB: ---------------------------------------------------
pARTNER A: ----------------------- (She doesn't speak Spanish.)
PARTNER B: Does Akiko speak Spanish?
PARTNER A: No, she doesn't.
1. PARTNER A:
PARTNERB : (He speaks English in class every day.)
2. PARTNER B :
- - - - - - ---------
8. Jupiter windy? yes no
9. Venus and Mercury go around the sun? yes no
10. Saturn and Uranus have moons? yes no
(e) Do they need help? Yes, they do. What asks for information
No, they don't. about a thing.
(f) What do they need? Help.
4. A: ------------------------------------------------------- -
B: At the post office. (Alfonso works at the post office.)
86 CHAPTER 3
5. A:
B: Yes, he does . (Alfonso works at the post office.)
6. A:
B: Yes, I do. (I live in an apartment.)
7. A:
B: In an apartment. (I live in an apartment.)
8. A:
B: Popcorn. (Hector likes popcorn for a snack.)
9. A: --------------------------------------------------------
B: At the University of Toronto. (Ming goes to school at the University ofToronto.)
10. A:
B: Biology. (Her major is biology.)
11. A: ----------------------------------------------------------
B: To class. (I go to class every morning.)
12. A:
B: In class. (The students are in class right now.)
PARTNER A PARTNERB
Opposite Roommates
I have two roommates. One of them, Fernando, is always neat and clean. He washes
his clothes once or twice a week. My other roommate, Matt, is the opposite of Fernando.
For example, Matt doesn't change the sheets on his bed. He keeps the same sheets week
after week. He never washes his clothes. He wears the same dirty jeans every day. He
doesn't care if his clothes smell! Fernando's side of the room is always neat. He makes his
bed, hangs up his clothes, and puts everything away. Matt's side of the room is always a
Part ll. Now write the questions and answers in your book.
Part 11. Walk around the room. Ask questions using these phrases. For each question,
find someone who can answer yes. Note: Remember to change my to your.
Example:
To STUDENT A: Do you take a nap in the afternoon?
STUDENT A: No.
To STUDENT B: Do you take a nap in the afternoon?
STUDENT B: Yes.
To STUDENT C: Do you make your bed every day?
STUDENT C: Yes.
0 Exercise 47. Looking at grammar. (Chapters 1 and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-7 3-9)
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the given verb. Use the form or
contractions for the negative.
Part I. Statement Forms
LIVE BE
3. He here. He here.
6. We here. We here.
84 CHAPTER 3
Part II. Negative Forms
7. They do not / don't live here. They are not / aren't here.
8. ! ____________________ here. I here.
9. She ____________________ here. She here.
1. be \ he \ a physics teacher
Professor Vega
Is he a physics teacher?
Office hours:
No heisn't . Tuesday and Thursday
3:00-4:00
9. be \ he \ a professor
_____________________________________ ?
CONVERSATION 2:
A: Thanks.
CONVERSATION 3:
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ you go to school?
10
B: Yes.
A: Where _ _ _ _ _ _ he work?
12
B: At a hotel.
A: _ _ _ _ _ he happy?
13
92 CHAPTER 3