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Active and Passive Elements

Passive elements receive and convert energy into heat or store it in electric or magnetic fields. Active elements supply energy to circuits like voltage/current sources and transistors. AC current changes direction while DC current flows in one direction. An electrical circuit interconnects devices like sources and converters. Basic circuit elements are voltage/current sources, resistors, inductors, and capacitors. Inductors oppose sudden current changes by storing energy in magnetic fields while capacitors store energy in electric fields.

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2K views10 pages

Active and Passive Elements

Passive elements receive and convert energy into heat or store it in electric or magnetic fields. Active elements supply energy to circuits like voltage/current sources and transistors. AC current changes direction while DC current flows in one direction. An electrical circuit interconnects devices like sources and converters. Basic circuit elements are voltage/current sources, resistors, inductors, and capacitors. Inductors oppose sudden current changes by storing energy in magnetic fields while capacitors store energy in electric fields.

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1234 5678
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Active and Passive Elements

 Passive Element: The element which receives energy


(or absorbs energy) and then either converts it into
heat (R) or stored it in an electric (C) or magnetic (L
) field is called passive element.

 Active Element: The elements that supply energy to


the circuit is called active element.
Examples of active elements include voltage and
current sources, generators, and electronic devices
that require power supplies. A transistor is an active
circuit element, meaning that it can amplify power of
a signal. On the other hand, transformer is not an
active element because it does not amplify the power
level and power remains same both
AC v/s DC

•If the charges move around a circuit in the same direction at all
times, the current is said to be direct current (dc), which is the
kind produced by batteries.

•In contrast, the current is said to be alternating current (ac)


when the charges move first one way and then the opposite way,
changing direction from moment to moment. Outlets give us ac
voltage.
Electrical Circuit
 An electrical circuit is an interconnection of physical
electrical devices such as energy source, an energy converter,
and conductors to connect them.
Basic Circuit Elements
There are 5 basic circuit elements:
 Voltage sources
 Current sources
 Resistors
 Inductors
 Capacitors
Voltage Sources
 A voltage source is a two-terminal circuit
element that maintains a voltage across its
terminals.
 The value of the voltage is the defining
characteristic of a voltage source.
 Any value of the current can go through the
voltage source, in any direction. The current
can also be zero.
 Battery(DC Source), Alternator(AC Source)
Current Sources
 A current source maintains a current through its terminals
 While there will be devices that reasonably model current
sources, these devices are not as familiar as batteries.
 We sometimes use the term ideal current source for our
circuit elements, and the term practical current source for
actual devices.
 The current source can be made by putting a very high
resistance in series with a voltage source.
 Secondary current in a current transformer
Symbol of some devices
Inductor
• An inductor is a passive electrical component that
opposes sudden changes in current. Inductors are also
known as coils or chokes. The electrical symbol for an
inductor is L.
• Inductors slow down current surges or spikes by
temporarily storing energy in an electro-magnetic field
and then releasing it back into the circuit.
Capacitors
• A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in
an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with
two terminals.
Capacitors

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