第十一章 名詞

名詞
一、可數名詞
1. 普通名詞：用來表示一般人、地、事、物。有單、複形： 單數前面加 a
例：She wants to buy a new dress. 複數於字尾加 s 或 es
How many watches did you buy？
I don’t know names.
2. 集合名詞：用來表示生物或事物的集合體。
例：My class is going to have a picnic. (Ö強調整體表示單數)
My class are all playing basketball outside. (Ö強調裏面的成員表示複數)
二、不可數名詞
1. 專有名詞：特定的人、事、地、物、星期、月份等。(第一個字母要大寫，
前面通常沒有冠詞。如：a glass of，a piece of ，a bottle of )
例：We don’t live without water.
He likes to have a cup of coffee lunch.
2. 抽象名詞：沒有具體形態，看不到或無法觸摸，無複數型態。
例：Necessity is the mother of invention.
He made a lot of noise.
三、名詞的格
1. 主格：作主詞或主詞補語。
例：Mary is a girl. (主詞)
The girl is Mary. (主詞補語)
2. 受格：作動詞或介詞的受詞。
例：John likes Mary. (動詞的受詞)
She is fond of music. (介詞的受詞)
3. 所有格：作形容詞用，修飾名詞。
例：a girl’s shool (一所女校)
Tom’s house (湯姆的家)
四、名詞常用的句型
1. of +no 抽象名詞=not +形容詞
例：Her suggestion was not useful.=Her suggestion was of no use.(她的建議沒有用)
2. of +抽象名詞=形容詞
例：John is a man of learning.=John is a learned man. (約翰是一個有學問的人)
3. of +great 抽象名詞=very+形容詞
例：The dictionary is of great use.=The dictionary is very useful.(這本字典很有用)
4.
All +抽象名詞
= very 形容詞
抽象名詞 + itself
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 例：She is all beauty. = She is beauty itself. = She is very beautiful.
5. in
with by… +抽象名詞=副詞
on
例：She does everything with care. =She does everything carefully.
6. shoes trousers
a pair of + chopsticks glasses
socks socks
例：I want a pair of scissors.
I have two pairs of socks.
7.不可數名詞要表示數量多少時，可用「單位詞」表示，複數時，只需將單位詞
改成複數形，名詞本身不變。
a cake of soap (一塊肥皂) a pound of butter (一磅奶油)
a bottle of ink (一瓶墨水) a piece paper (一張紙)
a loaf bread water (一條麵包) a glass water (一杯水)
例：She bought three loaves of bread. (她買三條麵包)
8. two
three－名詞
a four +名詞
．
．

當形容詞用
例：It is a nine-story building = The building is nine stories.
She is a five-year-old girl = She is a fives years old.
9.有些名詞雖為單數形，但為複數意義，需用複數動詞。
Sheep、fish、deer、cattle
例：Cattle feed on grass.
10.有些學科名稱用複數形表示，但必需接單數動詞。如：mathematics(數學)、
physics(物理學)、economics(經濟學)
例：Physics is a favorite subject.
11.hundred,thousand,million,dozen…等字前雖有數詞(two,three…)但不可加 s。若與
of 連用，表示好幾百、好幾千等不定數時，要加ｓ。
例：Father gave me three hundred dollars last night. (昨天晚上父親給我三百元)
Thousands of people died in the earthquake. (數以千計的人在地震中死亡)

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歷屆考題練習
1.Since they are moving a new house, they have to buy furniture.
(A)many (B)quite a few (C)a lot of (D)a few
2.We have time left to finish it ,so we had better hurry.
(A)few (B)a few (C)little (D)a little
3.Everyone needs at least shoes in his daily life.
(A)a pair of (B)a cake of (C)a piece of (D)a sheet of
4.The farmer bought two yesterday. (A)sheeps (B)deers (C)oxes (D)chickens
5.The rich man is living in a five- building. (A)story (B)stories (C)stairs (D)level
6.A lot of were poisoned dead in the pond. (A)chicken (B)frog (C)fish (D)goose
7.Machines are no use without the power to run them.
(A)at (B)by (C)in (D)of
8.Mary made mistake in her last examination.
(A)lot of (B)a lot of (C)much (D)so much
9.Because of ill Andy canceled his trip to Europe.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

10.字典對學生是很有幫助的。
(A) Dictionary is very helpful to a student.
(B) A dictionary is very helpful to student.
(C) A dictionary is very help to students.
(D) A dictionary is very helpful to a student.
11.The deaf with each other by using body language.
(A)communicate (B)communicates (C)communicative (D)communication
12.His father writes him .
(A)in regular (B)of regularly (C)with regularity (D)of regular
13.We gave them ,
(A)many milk (B)much thing (C)a few knifes (D)several bottles of mine
14.The committee divided in their opinions. (A)are (B)is (C)having (D)has
15.I did give my parents trouble when I was young.
(A)large (B)many (C)much (D)no small
16.It isn’t John’s; it belongs to .
(A)a friends’of his (B)a friend of him (C)his friend’s (D)a friend of his
17.We may have vacation in the coming summer.
(A)a two-month (B)a two month (C)a two month’s (D)a two months’
18.You can see the together by hand.
(A)two pieces clothes (B)two pieces of cloth (C)two pairs of clothes (D)two pairs of cloth
19.I meet a friend of . (A)I (B)me (C)mine (D)is
20.Most of the police busy. (A)is (B)are (C)am (D)be

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