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19
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20
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yBCJiHHHBaiomcHca H a c x o r o H o6opoxa, xenepb bcc nponrpbiBaex", Koxopaa cxpeMHXca "oKpy>KHXb" (sur-
Gojibuic H 6oabUje onpcaeaacx cymnocxnyio round) aioGyio noubixKy onncaxb "cncxcMy",
cipyKxypnyio (JiynKUHio n noao>KeHHe 3cxexHHecK0H x o x a a H 3 H p y i o m a a a n n a M H K a , KaK o n a pacKpbixa b
H H H O B a u H H I i 3KcnepHMeHXHpoBaHH«. B p e s y a b x a x e , a B H A C H H H COBpCMCHHOrO oGutCCXBa. O p H 3 X 0 M HCM
noaoGnaa SKonoMnnccKaa ncoGxoanMOcxb naxoanx 6oaee cnabUbiM aBaacxca BHaenue hckoh
ofloGpenne b pasanHHbix ({^opMax pasSyxaiourcH xoxaabnoH chcxcmu nan aornKU -
HHCXHxynnoHaabHOH noaaep>KKn noBbix BnaoB TnnHHHbiM npuMcpoM aBaacxca Knnra OyKO o
HCKvccxBa - o x 4 ) O H a o B n rpanxoB a o MysecB n xiopbMax - XCM 6oacc GeccnabiibiM naHHuacx
jipyrnx (j)opM naxpona>Ka. H 3bccx ncKyccxB HyBCXBOBaxb ce6a auxaxcab. no3XOMy nacKoabKO
apxHTCKxypa KoncxnxyxHBHO nanGoaec 6aH3Ka xeopexHK BbinrpbiBacx, Koncxpynpya bcc 6oacc
3K0H0MHKe, C K O X O p O H , B ({)OpMC K O M H C C H O H H b l X H 3 a K p b i x y i o Hy j K a c a i o u r y i o M a u i H u y , p o B H O nacxoabKO
3CMe.nbH0H c x o H M o c x b K ) , OHa aencxBHxeabHo >KC O H n p o n r p b i B a e x , x . k . K p n x H H C C K a a cnocoonocxb
HenocpeacxBCHHO csasana. no3xoMy nex HHMcro ero pa6oxbi xcm caMbiM napa.xH3yexca, n HMnyabCbi
yjHBiiTcabHoro b HCOObinnoM pacuBcxc hoboh o x p n u a H u a n 6 y H x a , u e r o B o p a y/KC 0 6 iiMnyabcax
nocTMoacpHHCxcKOH apxHxcKxypbi, ocHOBannoH na c o u n a a b H O H xpaHC(})opMauHH, bcc 5 o a b u i e n ooabuie
naipoHayKC M O K a y n a p o a n o r o Gnsncca, pasBiixnc n BocnpHHHMaioxca KaK xruexHbie n x p n B H a a b H b i c
pacnpocxpancHHC K O x o p o r o B n o a n e c o B p c M C H H O cir. nepea a n u o M caMOH Moacjin.
no3aHee a noKa>Ky, h x o 3 x h a s a h o b b i x (JjcnoMCHa OanaKO a nonyscxBOBaa, hxo noaanuHoc
HMcrox aa>KC 6 o a e e l a y G o K y i o aHaaeKXHHCCKyio paSJIHHHC M05KeX 6blXb HSMCpCHO H OUCHCHO XOabKO
CBfl3b, H C M n p o c x o e o a n o s n a H H O c (})HHaHcnpoBaHnc B CBCxe HCKoen Konuenunn rocnoacxByiouiCH
Toro n a n H H o r o H H a n B H a y a a b n o r o n p o c K x a . Cennac K y a b x y p H O H a o r H K U n a n l a a B H o n n o p M b i . i l OHCHb
)KC a a O . T y K C H H a n O M H H X b H H X a X C a K ) o 5 O H C B H a n O M , a a a a c K ox Mbican, h x o bcc K y a b x y p n o e nponasoacxBO
HMCHHO, HXO B c a 3 x a l a o G a j i b H a a , n o aMcpHKancKaa, ceroaHa asjiaexca nocxcoBpcMenHbiM b mnpoKOM
nocxcoBpcMcnnaa Kyabiypa aBaacxca BHyxpennHM CMbicac, KaKOBOH a B K a a a u B a i o b 3xox xepMun.
H HaflcxpyKxypHbiM Bbipa>KCHHeM hoboh Boanbi nocxcoBpeMCHHoe - 3X0 CHaoBoe noae, rae oncub
aMCpHKanCKOrO BOCHHOrO H 3KOHOMHHeCKOrO pasHbie Buabi KyabxypHbix HMnyabcoB, Koxopbie
rocnoacxBa n o BccMy Miipy; b3 x o m cmbicjic, coraacno PcHMona VnabaMC yaanno nasBaa "ocxaxoHUbiMn" n
KJiaccoBOH n c x o p n n , n s n a n K o n K y a b x y p b i asaaioxca "BHCsanHbiMH" (emergent) (})opMaMH Kyabxypnoro
KpoBb, M y H c n n a , C M c p x b n x e p p o p . npoH3BoacTBa, Bnoane M o r y x peaansoBaxbca. Ecan

21
O p e A e p M K A ^ K e J i M M C O H

Mbl He HaHflCM H e K o e r o o 6 m e r o c M w c j i a KyjibxypHOH KaK u e a o c T H o r o : c oanoii cTopoHbi, MopaabHoc

aOMHHaHTbl, TO M b l BHOBb CHOJlSeM K BSPJiafly H a cy)KaeHHe (ncBajKHO - h o s h t h b h o c n a n HcraTHBHoe),
COBpCMeHHyK) HCTOpHK) KaK a 6 c o j i K ) T H y K) a c a p y r o H - HOHCTHHe aHaacKTHHCCKaa nonbiTKa
rexeporeHHOCTb, npoH3BOJibHoe pasjinnne, HOMbicaHTb n a m e npncyTCTBHC BpcMCHH b HcTOpHH
c o c y m e c T B O B a H H e MHO>KecTBa pasHopoflHbix chji, (to think o u r present o f t i m e i n History).
34)(J)eKTHBH0CTb KOTOpblX H C o n p e a c j i e H H a . B JHO6OM O noBHTHBHbix MopaabHbix ouenKax
cjiynae, nocjieayiomHH anajiHS S w u saayMan b nocTMoaepHHSMa Maao, h t o m o w h o cKasaTb:
HCKOCM HOJIHTHHCCKOM flyXC: COSflaTb KOHUCHUHK) 6aaroaymHoe ( n o6eccBa3Hoe) npocaaBaenne SToro
H O B O H C H C T C M a T H H C C K O H K y j i b T y p H O H H O p M b I H CC 3CTeTHHCCKH HOBoro MHpa (BKaioMaa c r o counaabHoc
BOCnpOH3BOJICTBa, MTo6bI HOpaSMblUJJlHTb 5ojicc H 3KOHOMHHCCKOe HSMCpCHHe, BCTpCHCHHOrO C TBKHM
a a c K B a x H o o c a M b i x 3 ( J ) ( } ) C K T H B H b i x ^opuax JH060H AC 3HTy3Ha3MOM H o a ao3yHroM
paflHKajibHOH KyjibTypHOH h o j i h t h k h ceroflHs. "nocTHHaycxpHaabHoro o6mecTBa") aBHO
Hama ikchoshuhh npeacTaBHT nooHcpcano HcnpHCMaeMO, xoTa m o k c t 6biTb mchcc oMCBnaHbiM,
cjieayromHC KOHCTHxyTHBHbie nepTbi nocTMoaepna: HTO c o B p e M C H H b i e (j)aHTa3Hn o cnacHTeabHoii
HOByio "6e3flOHHocTb", KOTopaa naxoaHT iipupoae BblCOKHX T C X H o a o r H H , OT HuncoB ao
HpOaOJIyKCHHC K a K B C O B p C M C H H O H " T C O p H H " , T a K H poGoTOB - (j)anTa3HH, n o a a c p A a n n b i c n e ToabKO
BO BCCH H O B O H K y j i b T y p c o6pa3a HJIH CHMyjiaKpa; a c B b i M H 11 n p a B b i M H u p a B H T e a b C T B a M n , T c p n a m u M H
Hocjicaytomcc HpoGyAjicHHe (nyBCTBa) GeacTBHC, n o h m h o p h m h n n T c a j i C K r y a a a M n - toio
HCTOpHMHOCTH, KaK B HamCM OTHOmCHHH K /KC p o a a , HTO H 6oacc ByabrapHbic anojiornn
nyojiHHHOH H c T o p H H , T a KH B HOBblX 4)opMax HamcH I10CTMOaCpHH3Ma.
JIHHHOH TCMHOpaJlbHOCTH, "mH304)pCHHHCCKaa" H o B raKOM caynac Gbiao 6bi uocacaoBaTcabHce
(cjicaya JlaKany) CTpyKTypa KOTopoH oyflCT OT5pocHTb Mopaansnpyiomee ocy>KaeHHe
OnpCaC-iaTb HOBbIC THHW CHHTaKCHCa HJIH uocTMoacpna n ero cymHOCTHon TpuBHaabHOCTH,
CHHTai MaTHHCCKHC OTHOmCHHa B 60JICC KOTopoe npoTHBonocTaBaacTca yTonnnecKOH
TCMHOpajIbHblX BHJiaX HCKyCCTBa; COBCpmCHHO "BbicoKOH cepbcsHOCTn" BeauKHX MoaepnnsMOB:
HOBblH T H H 3MOUHOHajIbHOrO OCHOBHOIO TOHa, - a cyyKacnna, KOTopbie mo>kiio o 6 H a p y ) K H r b KaK y acBbix,
6yfly Ha3bIBaTb c r o " H H T C H C H B H O C T a M H " - KOTOpblH TaK H y paaHKaabHO npasbix. H necoMHCHHO, h t o
jiynme Bccro mo>kct obiTb noiiaTb n y r c M BOSBpara k aoruKa cuMyaaKpa c cc TpaHccJ)opMHpoBanneM
CTapbIM TcopnaM B03BbimcHHoro; r.ayooKaa npoKHcii peaabHOCTH b icaeBinnoHUbic oGpasbi n e
K O H C T H T y T H B H a a CBa3b BCCrO '3TOrO C C O B C p m C H H O npocTO KonnpycT aornKy nosanero KanHTaansMa, ona
HOBbiMH TCXHOJiornaMH, HTO caMO aBJiacTca ycHanBacT n HHTCHcn({)HunpycT ec. M o K a y t c m , a a a
HJUHOCTpaUHCH BCCH HOBOH M H p O B O H 3KOHOMHHeCKOH nOJlHTHHCCKUX r p y U U , KOTOpblC CTpCMaTCa aKTHBHO
CHCTCMbl; H, HOCJIC KopoTKoro OHHCaHHa BMcmHBaTbca b ncTopnio n Moan4)HUHpoBaTb ee
HOCTMOJlCpHHCTCKHX MyTaUHH B >KHBOM OHblTC naccHBHbie m o m c h t w (auGo c naMepenHCM nanpasHTb
CKOHCTpynpoBaHHoro npocTpancTBa, KOC-KaKHC ee B pycao counajincTHHCCKHX Tpanc(})opMauHii
paSMbllUJlCHHa O MHCCHH nOJIHTHHCCKOrO HCKyCCTBa oomecTBa, anoo nanpaBaaa ce b CTopoiiy
B 3aHyTaHH0M HOBOM MHpOBOM OpOCTpaHCIBC perpeccuBHoro BOCCTanoBaeiiHa Soaee npocTbix
(})anTa3HH n p o m a o r o ) , n c m o a c t h c GbiTb M H o r o r o ,
H o s a n e r o unvi M y a b T H H a u M O H a a b H o r o KanHTaaa. HTO n p H C K o p G n o n n p e a o c y a n T c a b H O b K y a b r y p n o H
(jiopMC npncTpacTHa k oopasy, KOTopoc, uyTCM
V I
Tpanc4)opMauHn u p o m a o r o b BHsyaabUbic MHpa>Kn,
06pHC0BaHHaa saccb kohucouhh CTepeoTHUbi n a H TCKCTbi, 3{j)(})eKTnBuo ynpasanacT
nocTMoaepHHSMa aBaacTca CKOpec hctophhcckoh, aio6oe npaKTHHccKoc nyBCTBo oyaymcro h
HCM CTHanCTHHCCKOH. 91 H C M O r y OTHCTaHBO KoaacKTHBHoro upocKTupoBaHna, t c m caMbiM
HoancpKHyTb paaHKaabHOc oxaHMHC t o h k h spenna, CKaonaa ocMbicaennc 6 y a y m n x nsMeneuHH k
aaa KOTopoH nocTCOBpcMCHHOc aBaacTca oaHHM ({)aHTa3HaM n o a n o i i KaracTpocJibi n iico6T>acHHMoro
(aabTcpHaiHBHbiM) cTHacM cpcaH MHorHX apyrnx, KaTaKaH3Ma, uaHHuaa c npnspaKOB "TcppopHSMa" na
pcaabHO c y m c c T B y r o m n x , o t anajiornHHOH, KOTopaa connaabHOM y p o B u e n KOiinaa upuspaKaMU paKa (can-
CTpcMHTca HonaTb e r o KaKK y a b T y p n y i o aoMHnaHTy cer) H a aHHHOM. H o e c a n nocTMoaepHHSM asaacTca
aorHKH Hosanero KanHTaaH3Ma: a s a noaxoaa HCTOpnHCCKHM {JjCHOMCHOM, TO HOHblTKa
(j)aKTHHeCKH HOpO>KaaK)T a s a COBCpmCHHO pa3Hbix KOHucHTyaaHSHpoBaTb e r o b TcpMunax Mopanbnoro
cnoco6a KOHucHTyaaasauHH yKasaHHoro ({jCHOMena naH MopaaH3npypouicro cyjKaeuna aoa>KHa, b

22
 f l o c T M O A e p H M B M MJIM K y j i b T y p H a s i J i o r M K O n o s A H e r o k o h m t o j i m s m o

KOHCHHOM CHCTC, GbiTb onpcacjicHa KaK BHyTpH 5oace OHCBuaHbix "momchtob a«H"
KaTcropHajibHaa omnGKa. Bce 3to CTancT Goace nocTMoaepuHCTCKOH KyabTypbi? H , e c a n m m mo^kcm,
OHeBHflHbIM, CCJIH Mbl BblCOpOCHM n03HUHK) HCT a n B a H a a c K T H H C C K O M B3ra>!ae u a hctophhcckoc
KyjibTypHoro KpHTHKa h Mopajincra; nocjieaHHH, paSBHTHC, npeaCTaBaCHHOM BbHUC, HCrO-TO KpaHHC
BMCCTC CO B C C M H H a M H , C C T O f l H a CTOJlb FJiyGOKO uapaaH3yK)mcro; hc crpcMHTca an oh
norpyACH b hoctmoacphhctckoc npocTpancTBO, aeMo6HaH3HpoBaTb nac h o6peHb u a uaccHBuocTb h
CTOJlb r j i y G o K O O K p a m c H h aapa^KCH e r o hobmmh SecuoMOiuHocTb n y r c M CHCTCMaTHHccKoro
KyjIbTypHblMH KaTCrOpHSMH, HTO pocKomb ycTpancHua bo3mo>khoctch aeiicTBOBaTb noa
CTapOMOflHOH HflCOJIOTHHCCKOH KpHTHKH, HCnpOHHUaCMblM UOKpOBON HCTOpHHCCKOH
BOSMymcHHoc MopajibHoe ocyjKfleHHC apyroro HCHSGOKHOCTH? CtOHT o6cyaHTb 3TH aBa
CiaHOBHTCa HeB03M0H(HbIM. (COOTHOCHMMX) nyUKTa B TCpHHUaX HaaHHHMX
PasaHHHC, K O T o p o e a 3aecb npoBO>Ky, h m c c t a c a o B03M0>KH0CTen aaa hckoh 3(j)(})eKTHBH0n
C OanOH KaHOHHHCCKOH (jJOpMOH B FCrCaCBCKOM c o B p c M c n n o H K y a b T y p u o n n o a u T H K H h aJia c o s a a n n a
pasaHHCHHH MbiuiacHHa HHaHBHayaabHOH n o a a n n n o H noauTHHCCKon Kyabr/pbi.
MopaabHocTH H a n MopaansaTopcTBa h coBcpmcHHO C4)OKycHpoBaTb upoSacMy noaoGnbiM o6pa30M
HHOrO M H p a K O a a C K T H B H b l X C O H H a a b H b l X UCHHOCTCH 3 H a H H T , K O H C H H O yKC, H C M C a a C H H C H O C T a B H T b GoJlCC
11 n p a K T H K . H o OHO H a X O a U T CBOK) saBcpmcHHyK) TOHHMH Boupoc o cyabGc KyabTypbi b ueaoM, h o
(j)opMy B MapKCOBOM upcacTaBacHHH 4)yHKUHH KyabTypbi B OCOScHHOCTH KaK O HCKOCM
MaTcpuaaHCTHHCCKOH a u a a c K T H K H , H a u S o a e e apKO - couuaabHOM ypoBHC u a u HUCTauuHH b
Ha T C X K a a c c H H c c K H x CTpaHHuax MaHucjjccTa, HocTCOBpcMCHHyK) 3py. B c c npcauiecTByK)uicc
KOTopbic ynaT TpyauoMy ypoKy ucKOcro 5oaee 0 6 c y > K a C H H C H O a B O a H T K B b l B O a y O T O M , H T O BCC T O ,
HCTHHHOrO auaJlCKTHHCCKOrO CHOCoGa HOCTHACHHa H T O M M H a S M B a a U H 0 C T M 0 a e p H H 3 M D M H C O T a C a H M O OT,
HCTopHHCcKoro pa3BHTHa H HSMCHCHHa, T c M O H y p o K a H HCMMCaHMO 5C3 rHnOTC3bI HCKOCH
aB.iacTca. KaK h 3 b c c t h o , h c t o p h h c c k o c pasBHTUc ( } ) y H a a M e H T a a b H O H M y r a u u H C(j)epbi K y a b T y p b i b M u p e
caMoro KanHTaaH3Ma u pasBcpxbiBaHHC H03aHcro KanHTaaH3Ma, KOTopaa npcauoaaracT
cnemi4)HHCCK0H 6ypyKya3HOH KyabTypbi. B luupoKO BajKHyK) MoaHcfjUKauHK) ec c o u H a n b H o i i (jiyuKUHH. Ill
H3BCCTHOM nacca>KC M a p K C H a c T O H H U B O sacTaBaacT HpOKHHC aHCKyCCHH HO HOBOAy UpOCXpaHCTBa,
nac c a e a a T b h c b o 3 m o > k h o c , a h m c h h o , n o M b i c a u T b 3 t o (JjyHKUHH H a H c(i)cpbi KyabTypbi (iiaH5oaec HSBCCTuaa
paSBllTHC O a H O B p C M C H H O HOSHTHBHO H HCraTHBHO; H3 H H X - KaaccHHecKoe 3cce FcpGepTa MapKyse
TpyrHMH caoBaMH, aocTHHb TaKoro cnoco6a "yTBcpaHTcabUbiH xapaicrcp KyabTypbi") HacTauBajiu
Mbiiii.icHHa, KOTopbifi 6 b i a 6bi c u o c o G c h yxsaTUTb u a TOM, HTO H a a p y r o M asbiKc mohcho o b i a o 5bi HasBaTb
OHCBHaUO SaOBCIUHC HCpTbl KaUHTaJlH3Ma "uoay-aBTOHOMHCH" KyabTypuoH C(j)epbi: ec
OZIHOBpCMCHHO C CTO HC06blHHbIM H n p H 3 p a H H o e , aa>Ke yTOUHHCCKoe, cyuiecTBOBauHC, bo
O C B O O O a U T C a b H b l M a H H a M H 3 M 0 M B O a H O M H T O M >KC HMa a o 5 p a H a u 3aa, u o B c p x upaKTHHCCKoro Mupa
aKTC M b i c a u , H C C M a r n a a u u o a u y h 3 c n a oGohx Bcero cymecTByK)mero, h c h 3cpKaabHbiH o6pa3 ona
cyvKacHHH. M b l K a K H M - T O o 5 p a 3 0 M a o a ) K H b i H o a u a T b OTdpacbiBacT nasaa b 4)opMax, Koropbie Bapbupyrorca
iiamy Mbicab a o nyHKTa, b KOTopoM CTaHOBHTca OT acruTHMauHH jiecTHoro cxoacTBa ao
B03MO>KHbiM u o H a T b , H T O K a n H T a a H 3 M a B a a c T c a b oupoBcpraTcabHoro oGBUHCUHa k p h t h h c c k o h caTupbi
O a H O H T O >Ke B p C M a ayHLUCH BCUtbK), KOTopaa u a u yTOUHHCCKOH 5oaH.
ciynaaacb c hcjiobchcckhm poaoM, h xyaiucH. M m aoa)KHbi ceiiHac cnpocuTb ce6a, hc
riaacHHC H3 3 T o r o c y p o B o r o auaacKTHHecKoro paspymena an hmchho 3Ta uoay-aBTOHOMua
HMOcpaTHBa B S o a e c KOMCjjopTaGcabHoc noao>KeHHC K y a b T y p H O H c4)cpbi a o r u K O H u o s a u c r o KauHTaausMa'.''
npHHaTua MopajibUbix h o s h u h h abaacTca ray6oKO OanaKO apryMCHT, h t o KyabTypa ccroaua 6ojice ne
yKOpCHHBUIHMCa H CJIHHIKOM HCJIOBCHCCKHM: n a a e a e n a oTHOCHTcabuoH aBXOHOMnen, KOTopoH o n a
HeOTJ10>KHOCTb T C M b l T p c S y C T , HTo6bl Mbl XOTa 6bl noab30Baaacb p a n e e KaK h c k h h ypoBcnb cpean
noHbiTaaucb noMbicauTb KyabTypuyio 3bojtk)uhio a p y r n x n a p a n n n x CTaanax KauHTaansMa (nc roBopa
no3aHcro KanHTaaH3Ma anaacKTHHecKH - KaK y^c o aoKauHTaaHCTHHCCKHX o6uxecTBax), ne
KaTacTpoc[)y h u p o r p e c c oauoBpcMCHUo. o6a3aTeabHO noapasyMesacT ee HCHCsnoBeHne nan
TaKaa noubiTKa npeauoaaracT aaa y r a c a n n e . H a n p o T U B , m m MO>KeM yTBep>KaaTb, h t o
HCHOCpCaCTBCUHblX BOUpOCa, KOTOpblMH Mbl yTpara asTOHOMHon c4)epM KyabTypbi aoa>KHa,
3aKaK)HHM H a i U H p a s M b i u i a c H u a . M o ) k c m an mm CKOpee, 6biTb u p e a c T a B a e n a b T c p M H u a x Bspbisa: KaK
aCHCTBHTCJIbHO O H p C a C a U T b H C K H H " M O M C H T H C T H H b l " BceoGbCMarouiec pacnpocTpaHCHHC KyabTypbi n a bck)

23
O p e A e p M K A ^ K e M M M c o H

couHajibHyio o6jiacTb, Bnjioxb a o x o r o , mxo bcc b napXHSaUCKOH BOHHU, ho aa^KC OXKpOBCHHO

H a m C H o 6 m e C X B e H H O H >KH3HH — o x 3KOHOMHHeCKOH HoaHXHHCCKHe HHXcpBCHUHH, HoaoGubic " T h c Clash",
C X O H M O C X H H F O C y f l a p C X B e H H O H B n a C X H 0.0 p a 3 J l H H H b I X KaK-xo x a u H o o6e3Bpe>KeHbi h uoraourcHbi chcxcmoh,
npaKXHK H rjiy6HHH0H cxpyKxypbi caMOH ayiUH B KOXOpOH caMH OHH HBaHIOXCa aHUJb MaCXbK),
( p s y c h e ) - Mo>Kex 6bixb H a s B a n o " K y j i b x y p H b i M " b uocKoabKy hc Moryx aHCxauuHpoBaxbca ox hcc.
HCKOCM HCXOflHOM, HO HC XCOpeXHHCCKOM CMblCJlC. H o Mbl yxBcpacaacM, hxo h m c h h o 3X0
3X0 BblCKaSblBaHHC CyUtHOCXHO COOXBCXCXByeX Bceo6x.eMaK)urcc, HCo6biMaHHo aeMopaaHsyromee h
npefluiecxByromcMy aHarH03y oGmccxBa KaK HoaaBaHiomee, noaauHHO hoboc rao6aabHoe
"oSmecxBa o6pa3a" hjih cHMyjiJiKpa /8/ h UpOCXpaUCXBO HBaHCXCH "mOMCHXOM HCXHHbl"
xpaHc4)opMauHH "pcajibHoro" bo mhohcccxo nccBflo- nocxMoaepHH3Ma. To, hxo 6biao uasBauo
C06bIXHH. UOCXMOaepUHCXCKHM "BOSBbJUICHHblM", HBaHCXCH
O h o x a K ^ e npcanojiaraex, mxo HCKOxopbic Hamn a u u i b MOMCHXOM, B K O X o p o M 3XO coacp^KaHHC c x a a o
HanSojicc JiioSHMbic h npoBepcHHbie bpcmchcm HauGoace oxHCxauBbiM, BbiaBHuyao caMOC CKpbixoc
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KpUXHKH H pe4)JieKCHBH0CXH - BCC O H H COUIJHlCb B BblCOKHX r c x H o a o r u H , r a c h o b o c upocxpaucxBCHHoe
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pC3K3MHpOBaHO B paBHbIM 06pa30M OCBHHICHHOH uocxMoacpua, Koxopue Gbiau nepcMHcaeubi Bbime,
BpCMCHCM 4)0pMyJie "KpHXHHCCKOU flHCXaHUHU". M o r y x Obixb x e n e p b noHHXbi KaK MacxuHUbic (xoxh
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flHCXaUUHH, 5C3 B03MO>KHOCXH UOMCUICHHJI ayxcHXHHHOCxn 3xhx b a p y r n x caynaHX hbho
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Haiue upcfluiccxByFomcc paccMoxpcuue BbHiy>Kflaex Mbl nasbiBaan nocxcoBpcMCHHbiM (nan
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KaK xaKOBaa (BKJUOHaK " K p u x u M e c K y i o aucxaHUHK)" npocxo KyabxypnoH n a e o a o r n e n H a n 4)aHxa3Hen, no
B MacxHocxH) yupasaucHa b hobom npocxpaucxBc o5aaaacx n o a a n n n o n ncxopHMCCKon (n
HOcxMojicpHH3Ma. OxHbiHc Mbl norpy>KCHbi B cro couH03KOHOMHMecKOH) p e a j i b H o c x b K ) KaK xpcxbc
sauoJiHcuHbie a o KpacB oGtiCmm a o xaKOH cxchchh, BcauKoe opHrnnaabHoe pacupocxpaHCHHC
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UpOCXpaHCXBCHHblX KOOpaHHaX H UpaKTHMCCKH (HC npeaujccxBOBaBUJHX (|)opM pacnpocxpanennH
r o B o p a y>KC o x c o p c x u M C C K O M ) h c c u o c o G u b i ua naunoHajibHoro pbinKa n npoKHCH
a H c x a u u H p o B a u H c ; M O K a y x c m , 6 b i a o y>Ke o x m c m c h o , H M U c p H a a n e x n M e c K O H c h c x c m w , Ka>KaaH H3 K o x o p b i x
KaK HOBaa BCC06l.CMaK)maH 3KCnaHCHH H M c a a CBOK) K y a b x j ' p n y j o cneuncJDHKy n nopoanaa
MyabXHiiauHOHaabHoro Kanuxaaa saBcpujacxcH HOBbIC x H U b i n p o e x p a n c x B a , cooxBcxcxByiomnc nx
UpOHUKHOBCHHCM H KOJIOHHSaUHCH HMCHHO XCX annaMnKC). H xoraa nsBpamcnnbic n
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OUOpbl aJlH KpHXHMeCKOH aCKXCabHOCXH. xaK>Kc KaK n p H 6 a n > K C H H H k p e n p e s e n x a u H n (hoboh)
CxcHorpa(|)HMecKHH hsuk KoonxauHH, ho 3X0H pcaabHocxn (noabsyacb cxapoMoaubiM hsmkom).
UpHMHHC, CXaUOBHXCH o G u r C n p H H H X b l M y aCBblX, HO KaKHMH 5bi napaaoKcaabUbiMH n n Bbiraaacan
OH oMCBHaHO upcaaaracx caMbiu ucaacKBaxuHU xepMHHbi, OHH Moryx, xaKHM o6pa30M, cacaya
XCOpCXHMCCKHH 5a3HC UOUHMaHHS CHXyaUHH, B KaaccHHCCKOMy HHxepnpcxaxHBHOMy BbiGopy, 6bixb
KOXOpOH M b l BCC, X a K H a H H H a M C , C M y X H O M y B C X B y C M , npoMHxaHbi KaK cBoeo6pa3Hbie hobbic cj)opMbi
MXO HC x o a b K O XOMCMHbIC H a O K a j l b U b l C KOHXp- p e a a H 3 M a ( n a n , n o K p a u n c H Mcpe, KaK noapajKanne
K y a b x y p u b i c (J)opMbi K y a b x y p n o r o c o n p o x u B a c H U H h p e a a b H o c x H ) , n o b x o hcc B p c M H o n n M o r y x Gbixb

24
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p a B H b i M o 5 p a 3 0 M n p o a H a n H 3 H p o B a H b i laKme KaK B 5yp)Kya3HOH 3CTeTHKe h o c o G e n n o saMCTHO b

nOnUTKH OTBJICHb H y B C C T H H a C O T 3 T 0 H p C a j I b H O C T H , BblCOKOM M0aepHH3MC, OT OaHOH H3 BCKOBblX
Hnii cKpbiTb e e n p o x H B o p e H H a h p a s p e i U H T b h x noa 4)yHKUHH HCKyCCTBa - ueaarorHHccKOH h
MaCKOH p a 3 J l H H H b l X ( J D O p M a J I b H b l X M H C T H l f l H K a U H H . anaaKTHHCCKOH. OaHaKO oGynaiomaa (|)yHKUHa
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noKa eme ne ocMbicaeHHoro (untheorised) 3 n o x y (aajKc e c a n o n a sanacTyio npHHHMaaa r a M
opHrHHa.TbHoro npocTpancTBa hckoh hoboh (j)opMy MopaaH3aTopcTBa), x o r a a KaK nsyMHTcabnoe
"MHpOBOH C H C T e M b i " M y a b T H H a U H O H a j l b H O F O H a H H BCC e m e H C a o K o n u a n o n a T o e T B o p a e c T B O BpexTa
nosaaero KanHTaansMa, npocTpaHCTBa, HbH BHOBb yTBep>KaacT, hobbim h (})opMaaBHO
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OHCBHaHbi, - TO anaaeKTHKa Tpe6yeT o t n a c n e p n o a c o G c t b c h h o MoaepnnsMa, u o B y i o cao>KHyio
npHJiep}KHBaTbCH p a B H b l M o 6 p a 3 0 M H H 0 3 H T H B H 0 H KonuenuHK) OTHomcHna Me»:ay K y a b T y p o n n
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aenaji M a p K C b o T H o m e H H H M n p o B o r o pbiHKa KaK Moacab cxoaubiM o5pa30M BbiaenraeT n a ncpeannn
ropH30HTa H a u H o n a a b H b i x 3 k o h o m h h , n a n J l e H H H b naan KoruHTHBHbic n ueaarorHHCCKHC nsMcpenna
oTHomeHHH npe>KHeH HMnepnaaHCTHHecKOH HoaHTHHecKoro HCKyccTBa n KyabTypbi, nsMcpenna,
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MCHbmHM n o M a c m T a 6 a M ( h t c m caMbiM Mcnee pcaaH3Ma n MoacpnusMa).
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couHa-ibHOH o p r a H H 3 a u H H ; c K o p e e , a o c T H n i y T b i e k 3 C T e X H H e C K H M H p a K X H K a M , B b i p a G o X a i l H b I M H a OCHOBC
TOMV B p e M C H H K a H H T a a o M M a c u j T a 6 b i 6 b i a H n o H H T b i HcxopHHCCKHX C H x y a u H H H a n a c M M , KOXOpbIC HC
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TOCTH)KCHHa HCKOCIO HOBOTO H GoaCC npocxpancxBa, pasBHxaa 3aecb, npeanoaaracx, h x o
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MOKCi GbiTb n p u B c a e n a b uoaacp/KKy aaHuon c h o c o G h u H a n o c H T b n aK a p r y (b c b o h x y M a x ) n n c b o h
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o^CBHanoH, n o K p a n n e n M c p e , o a n a B03M0>Knaa noaoSubie ^jKcpcn C h t h , b Koxopbix u e u p H M e n n M
ij)opMa H O B O H p a a H K a a b H O H K y a b T y p n o H u o a H T H K H c nn o a n n h 3 xpaaHunonubix MapKcpoB (naMaxHHKH,
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HHCTHHKTHBHbie H a H GcCCOSHaTCabUblC 4)0pMbI ancaMGaa, KOTopbiH m o a c t 6biTb coxpaHcn b naMaTH,
"reHHajibHOCTH", n o TaK>Ke n o a B a n a n n e M Buoanc H KOTOpblH n n a H B H a MO)KCT HaHOCHTb H a K a p T y H
OHpcaeJICHHblX H C T O P H H C C K H X U p n H H H , T a K H X , K a K nepcacabiBaTb b m o m c h t w nepcaBn>KenHa n o
}K7iaH0BH3M H HCHajlbHWC HOCaCaCTBHa aabTcpHaTHBHbiM TpacKTopnaM. CoGctbchho pa6oTa
nojiHTHHCCKoro H n a p T H H H o r o B M c u i a r e a b C T B a b JlHHHa OrpaHHHCHa y M b i m a C H H b l M CBCaCHHCM TCMbl
oG.'iacTb H C K y C C T B a , n a c T O n o s B o a a a n c e 6 c , K a K 5 b i b K u p o G a c M a M ropoacKoir 4)opMbi KaK r a K O B o n ; n o o n a
OTBCT, O b l T b H p c 3 M e p n o s a n y r a u H b i M H O T p c M C H H e M , CTanoBHTca HCoGbiHanno upoayKTHBHori, ccjth ee

25
O p e A e p M K A > K e M M M C O H

pacnpocxpaHHTb n a 6ojiee uinpoKHC HauHonajibHwe no3Boaaex naM nocxaBHXb npoGacMy noaaHHHO

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ajlbXIOCCepOBCKHM (h JiaKaHOBCKHM) Hcpe- K neGxoaHMOcxH KoopanHauHH 3K3ncxeHunaabHbix
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TO, HTO n p H 3 B a H a a e n a T b K o r n H T H B H a a K a p x a b o o j i c c HaKoneu, c nsoGpcTCHHCM raoGyca (1490) h

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BwcoKopasBHXOH (jiopMoii xaKHX fluarpaMM aBJiacxca c o n n a a b H o r o n p o c T p a n c T B a - b T c p M H i i a x , HanpHMep,
MopcKOH Mapiupyx - MopcKaa Kapxa hjih nopxyjianc, counaabnoro Kaacca n nauHonaabuoro hjih
rae oxMCHcnw GepcroBwe a n n n n ajia MopenaaBaxcaen HHTCpHanHOHaabHOrO K O U T C K C T a , B T C p M H H a X TCX
CpeanscMHoro Mopa, Koxopwc peaKO oxBaAHBaancb C H O C O G O B , K O T O p W M H BCC M W C H C O G x O a H M O C T b K ) H
Bwxoanxb B oxKpwxoc Mope. KoruHTHBHO cocTaBaacM KapTy Hauiero
HsoGpcxcHHC K O M n a c a c p a s y >Ke B B o a n x hoboc HHaHBHayaabHoro couHaabHoro oTnomcHHs k
HSMcpenne b MopcKHC Kapxw, - nsMepcHHC, Koxopoc aoK-aabHWM, n a u n o n a a b U b i M n HHTcpHannoHaabHbiM
paaHKaabHO nsMcnacx npoGacMaxHKy Mapmpyxa n KaaccoBWM peaabHOCTaM. H o ncpc4)opMyaHpoBaTt

26
 n o c T M O A e p H M 3 M MJTiM K y n b T y p H o s i n o r M K O n o s A H e r o k o h m t o j i m s m o

npoGacMy xaKHM o5pa30M SHannx xaK^e cpasy )Ke 3XHX aByx pasannubix HSMcpennH. HcxopHUHCxcKHH
CTOJTKHyXbCH C X B M H CaMblMH XpyflHOCXHMH B B3raaa Ha 3x0 onpcaeacHHC xoxea 5bi ao6aBHXb, hxo
Kapxorpa(J)HH, Koxopbie ocxpo h opHrnaaabHO noaoGnaa KOopannauHa, npoHSBoacxBO
nocxaBjicHbi xcm caMbiM rjio6ajibHbiM n p o c x p a n c x B O M (JiyHKUHOHaabHbix h ^ h b h x n a e o a o r H H , p a s a n n n o b
nocxMojiepHHCxcKoro hjih MyjibXHHauHOHajibHoro p a 3 H b l X H c x o p H H C C K H X C H X y a U H a X , H, KpOMC x o r o , HXO
MOMCHxa, KoxopbiH M M oGcy^KflajiH sflecb. 3xo MOJKcx B 0 3 H H K H y x b HCxopHHccKaa CHxyauHa, B
xpy/iHocxH He n p o c x o x c o p e x H H C C K o r o xapaKxepa; KOXOpOH OHO BOBCC H C B 0 3 M 0 a C H 0 - H, H O - B U a H M O M y ,
OHH B j i C K y x 3 a C 0 6 0 H n a c x o H X C J i b H b i e n p a K X H H C C K O - 3X0 KaK pa3 n a i u a c u x y a u n a x c K y m c r o KpnsHca.
nOJlHXHHCCKHC HOCJlCflCXBHS, KOXOpbIC BblXCKaiOX H 3 H o aaKanoBCKaa CHCxcMa TpoHHua, a n e ayaabua.
KOHBCHUHOHajibHbix o m y m c H H H FIcpBbix MnpoBbix MapKCOBo-aabTioccepoBCKOH o h u o s h u h h naeoaorHH
cy5-beKX0B, h KOxopbic 3K3HcxeHHHajibHO (hjih H nayKH cooTBCTCTByioT ToabKO aBC H3 Tpex
"3MnHpHHCCKH") HaBOflHHK)X "nocxHHflycxpHajibHOc aananoBCKHX (JiyHKUHH: B o o 6 p a > K a e M o e h P c a a b n o e
OOmeCXBO", H3 KOXOpOrO HCHCS XpaflHUHOHHblH COOTBCCTBCHHO.
cnoco6 npoH3BojicxBa, h rae counaabHbie Kaaccbi O a n a K O n a m e O T C T y u a e u H C b KapTorpa(|)Hio c ee
KjiaccHHCCKoro xnna 6oaec nc cymeexByioT - (j)HHajIbHbIM OTKpblTHCM CoGCTBCHHO
yoe^Kaenne, Koropoe HenocpeacxBenno Banacx na penpeseHTauHOHHOH anaaeKTHKu KoaoB n
nojiHXHHCCKyio npaKXHKy, B03M0>KH0CTCH H U a H B H a y a a b H b l X a3bIKOB H a H MCaUa
BxOpOH BblBOa COCXOHX B XOM, HXO B 0 3 B p a X K nanoMHHacT uaM, h t o ao cnx nop 6biao ynymeno
jiaKaHOBCKOMy n o a x B c p > K a c H H K ) ajibxioccepoBCKOH H3MepeHne coGctbchho aaKanoBCKOio
xeopHH MOACT a a x b noac3Hbie n npoayKXHBnbie CHMBOaUHCCKOrO.
MCToaoaorHHccKHC HOBUiecTBa (enrichments). 3cTeTHKa KorHHTHBHoii Kapxorpa4)HH -
AjibXK)ccepoBCKa>i (J3opMyanpoBKa BOcnpoHSBoanx ucaarorHHCCKaa noanxHHecKaa Kyabxypa, KOxopaa
npOKHCC, H B a a j I b H C f i m C M KaaCCHHCCKOC, MapKCOBO cxpcMHXca naaeanxb HnanBHayaabHbiH cyGtCKX
pa3JiHHCHHC n a y K H n naeoaornn, Koxopoe He HCKHM HOBblM BOSBbUnCHHblM HyBCXBOM CrO MCCXa B
noTcpajTo aaa nac uchhocxh aa)Ke ceroana. rao6aabHOH chcxcmc - o6a3axeabHO aoa>KHa
3K3HcxeHUHaabHoe ~ noao>KCHHe n n a H B H a y a a b H o r o npnsnaBaxb 3xy ceroana HpesBbiHaiino caoKuyio
cyGbCKxa, onbix noBccaHCBnoH a h s h h , penpe3CHxauH0HHyio anajicKXHKy n n3o5pcxaxb
MOHaaHHecKaa " x o H K a s p e n n H " n a M n p , K o x o p w M m m , paaHKaabHO noBwe (|)opMbi, H x o 6 b i n o a n o c x b i o cc
KaK S H O J l O r H H C C K H e C y G t C K X b l , c Heo6xOaHMOCXbK) paCKpblXb. i l C H O , HXO 3XO HC HpOCXO npH3bIB K
orpaHHHCHbi - B aabxioccepoBCKOH 4)opMyae B03Bpaxy K HCKOCMy n p o K H C M y MCxannsMy, ncKOCMy
HMii.xHUHXHo npoTHBonocxaBacHO napcxBy npoKHCMy H Goaee npospannoMy naunonaabHOMy
aocrpaKXHoro SHanna, uapcxBy, Koxopoe, KaK npocxpancxBy, n a n ncKOCMy 5oaec x p a a H u n o u n o M y
HanoMHHaex H a M j l a K a n , n n K o r a a n c n o M c m e n o b yBepcHHOMy nepcucKXHBHOMy n a n MHMCXHHCCKOMy
.nroooii K O H K p c x H b i n c y 6 x . C K x n a n apxHKyanpoBano anKaaBy: hoboc noanxHHCCKOc HCKyccxBO (ecan o n o
HM, a a p T H K y a n p o B a n o , C K o p e c , x c m crpyKxypnbiM BooGme B03M0>KH0) aoa>KHO npuaep'/KHBaxbca
BaKvyMOM, K o x o p u H Ha3biBacxcH le sujet suppose n c x H H b i n o c x M o a e p H H 3 M a , x.e. ee c j i y n a a M e n T a x b H o r o
savoir ( n p c a n o a a r a c M M H c y G t C K x s n a n u H ) , c y G t c K X - oGbCKTa - MupoBoro npocTpancTBa
MCCTO 3 H a H H 5 ! . y X B C p A a a C X C J ! O X H l O a b H C T O , H X O M b l M y a b T H H a u n o n a a b H o r o KannTaaa - b t o caMoe BpcMa,
H e MO/KC.M 3 H a x b M n p H e r o x o x a a b H o c x b hckhm Koraa ono aocTuracT npopbisa b ao cnx nop
aGcxpaKXHbiM n a n " n a y H H b i M " o 6 p a 3 0 M . MapKCOBa ncBooGpasiiMbiH hobbih chocoS penpesenTaunn
"nayKa" KaK p a 3 - x a K H u p e a o c x a B a a e x x a K o f l c n o c o 6 nocaeanero, b KoxopoM mm moacm cnoBa nanaxb
3HaHHH H K o n u c u x y a j i n s a u n H M u p a a G c x p a K x n o , b y a a B a u B a x b n a n i c n o a o A c n n e KaK n n a n B H a y a a b U b i x
CMbicjic, b K O T o p o M , K u p H M c p y , o r p o M u a H Knnra n KoaaeKXHBHbix cyGtCKXOB, h BnoBb oGpexaxb
Manaejia npcaaaraex Goraxoe h pasBHXoe SHanne x o h cuocoGnocxb aciicxBOBaxb n oopoxbca, KOXopaa
r.ao6a.nbHOH M H p o B O i i C H C x c M b i , o K o x o p o i i saecb ceroana HciixpaaH30Bana n a m n M npocTpancTBcnnbiM
H H K o r a a HC r o B o p n u o c b , h x o o n a n e n o s n a B a c M a , a n couHaabHMM saMcmaTcabCTBOM. HoauTHHCCKaa
roBopHJiocb a n u i b , h x o o n a H c p e n p c s e n x H p y e M a , a (|)opMa H O C T M o a e p n n s M a , e c a n TaKOBaa BooGme
3T0 C O B e p U I C H H O p a S H b l C B C U I H . A a b x i o c c c p o B C K a H HMCCTca, GyacT npHSBana nsoGpcTaTb n
(})opMyia, a p y r u M H c a o B a M n , o 6 o 3 H a H a c x paspbiB, upocKTupoBaTb raoGaabnyio KornnTHBHyio
ipemHHy MesKay 3K3HcxenuHaabHbiM oumxom h KapTorpacfinio, KaK na counaabnon, TaK n na
HayHHbiM s n a H H C M . O o s x o M y (|)ynKUH>i Haeojiornn npocTpancTBCHHoir lUKaae.
COCTOHT B X O M , H X 0 6 b I H a H X H C U O C o G COHaeHCHHa

27
O p e A e p M K A ^ K e M M M C O H

nPHMEHAHHM /6/ JJoKeuMucoH UMcem e eudy ocmpyio ducKyccuio

cpedu "nocm.Modepnucmoe" no eonpocy o moM, "nmo
muKoe nocm.\todepHU3M ": mjinemcH nu oh hckum noeuM
/l/Pa6oma 6buia Hanucana 0. JJsKewMicoHOM « 7 9 9 / z. ucmopunecKU.M imanoM e pa3eumuu sanadnoii Ky.nbmypbi,
ToHHee, enepebie OHa ebiuuia eme e 1984 ^. e Kanecmee c.iedyioufUM 3a "coHpe.MenHbi.M", ujiu nododubiu
npocmpaimou cmamhu e OKypitcvie N e w Left Rewiew, 146 "nepuodu3amopcKuu" (ucmopunecKuu) nodxod ne
(Aug. 1984), a e 1991 z. JjM:euMucon ebinycKCiem npu.Menu.M k ana.nu3y dannoeo (penoMena. Mnozue
MOHoepacpuK) nod me.M owe Haseamie.M - kok ow ucciedoeamenu eeo CKJioHHiomcH k moMy, nmo
pacuaipeHHbiu u donojiHeHHbiu eapuahm cmanibu. "nocm.\iodepHU3M" Heeepno pacc.Mampueamb kok
"FlociedHue HecKo.ibKo jiem " - 3mo, kohchho 3Ke. pecuiuu OHepedHOU (noebiu) ucmopunecKUii sman, u nmo
KOHyna XXI e., pacnada CoeemcKozo Coio3a, Kpa.xa meMiwpcubno-ucmopuHecKuu nodxod nenpuMenieu k ne.yty,
".leuumaMa" u m.d.. a ue 1984 ^. nocKO.ThKy "nocm.Modepn " eo3HUKaem kuk cumyai^un "6e3-
7 2 / B doHHOM ciynae nod "ModepnusMOM " u.iu u.iu eneepeMeHba", "Ungezeitliche" (zosopn c.noeaMu
"ModepHucmcKu.\t deuoKCHueM " JJoicemiucoH itMeem e eudy Huiiuie). K npu.Mepy, )K.-0. Jluomap nasweaem
.\iodepuu3M KOK HeJieuue ucKyccmea XXe., m.e. t^ejibiu pfid "nocmModepu" Kyjibmypnou cumyatfueii,
peeojuoijiioHHhix u aftamapducmcKux meneHuu ucKyccmea, xapaKmepu3yioufeucH neonpedenennocmbm,
Komopbie c ca.uoeo Hcmajia u na npomfUKenuu nepeou nodeeutennocmhK), omcymcmeueM ocnofsanuu, a ne
no.ioeuHbt XXe. OecnpepbWHO CMeuHiiu dpye dpyea. T.c. on ucmopunecKoii c/hijou pa3eumuH Kv.ibmypbi. JjMieuMucon u
ucnonh3yem omo c.ioeo « mpaduxfuoHHOM, ycmoHemeMcn ca.M nuMce abiCKaMcemoi npu.Mepiio e jmoM Mce dyxe,
c.MMC.ie. flojduee mn yeudu.u, Hmo nocmModepHus.v om.Memue npuniitinuajibnoe om.iuHue cumyaiiuu
3Hamime.ihHO pacmupfiem u usMeiinem cmnc.i nocnxModepna om cumyanuu, CK.iadbieaemuxcn npu
".vodepHU3.\ia ". eeo ucmopunecKue zpanuifhi, cnocofiM u nepexodax om odnou ucmoptmecKoii cmaduu k dpy^ou
apepbi 6.1UHHUH na Ky.ibmypy a ife.io.M. JJasiee JlMceu.uucoH (nanpuMep, om poManmus.yui k .Modepnu3.My u.iu om
Oydem cnH3hi(iamb 603HUKno6enue jnoxu .\iodepnii3.Ma c cpedeiieeeKoebsi k HoeoMy Hpe.Meiiu) « npedMecmeyiomeu
•jnoxoii nepexoda om cpedneeeKoeMt k Bo3poM'denuK> ii ucmopuu. M ece sKe JIxeii.Mucoii cK^onaemcH k
HoeoMV upeMeiiu. "nepuodu3amopcKou" unmepnpemanuu
nocmcoepe.MeuHocmu, cHumafi ee noc.iedneu (j}a30u
/3/ B nounmue "ebicoKuii ModepHU3.» " JJ^iceuMucoH
pa38umiiH Kanumajtu3.Ma, o hcm eoeopum y3ice caMO
eK.iadhieaem ne cmo.ihKo xpoHO.ioeuHecKUU c.vbici
iiaiHUHue jmoupadomu.
"nosdneeoModepmti.Ma ". cm.ibKO "KaHecmeennbiu"cmmc.h
"ebicuiezo npoHe.ienua" .\todepHU3Ma. B jmo.M ebicuieM /7/ JjDKeiLMUcoH u.Mcem e eudy "eo3ehnueiinbiu",
npoHH.ieniiu .Modcpinn.M nacmo c.nusaemcH u.'iu npuiiifuninubno itenpaKmuHecKuCi u "HeMepKunnnabiihu'i"
mpydHoomde.'iuM om coocmeeniio "nocm.Modepnui.va ". cmamyc Ky.ihmypbi « doKanumaaucmunecKux oOiifecmeax.
3decb KY.ibmypa omoM:decme.i>uacb co ece.M eo3Hbuueimbut.
14/ "llocm.ModepH" (postmodern) e nepeeode c
dyxoenu.M, ymoHHennbi.yi, apucmoKpamuHecKUM e
ciiic.iuticKozo oyKeaibHO oinmaem "nocmcoapeMeniibiu ". Ho
npomueonoJiojicHocmb oObidennbiM. npazMamunecKUM,
ec.ni e am.nuucKO.M fisbiKe jmom c.vib/c.7 ccutooHemiden. mo
MepKanmiubiibiM, jkoho.muhccku.m cmopona.M M:innu. C
a nepeeode na pyccKuu oh kok 6bi "ydeaueaemcu": «
n a cm vn.i enu cm ku n um a.i u3.Ma Ky.i b my pa
cospeMennoM pyccKo.M (pii.-iocorfjcKO.M R3biKC c.ioeo
"nocmModepn" (pynKifuonupycm napndy c (u u Kanecmne ".MepKammumupyemcft ", eoe.ncKaemcH e ynu6epca.ihH0c
caMocmoMmeihnoc''o ii oo.iee ynompeoume.ihnozo. hcm pedKO npocmpaucmeo Kanuma.ia u cmanoeumcn nacmbio
ynomped.ificMoe u Ma.ionoHnmuoe) c.ioho.m no.iesnozo u ebizodnozo npou3eodcmea. B jmux yc.ioeuHX
"nocmcoepe.\teHHbiu ". noomo.\iy npu nepesode npuxodumcH coiiua.ibHbie (pyuKifuu Ky.tbmyphi npuHifunuanbHO
ymimhieanib jmu nioaiicbi u nepeeodunib ezo mo kuk .MeiiHiomcH.
"nocm.Modepii". mo kok "nocmcoepeMeHitocmb". K /8/ "Cii.My.iHKp" - odno U3 ifenmpajbnbix nonamuii
npu.Mepy, ecjiu "postmodern". "postmodernity" nocmModepinicmcKou (piaoco(fnai. Oho npu36ano ehipasumb
docmamoHHO moHHO nepeio.}icuvbi napyccKue OKeueajeiimbi npuHifunua.ibiio HeuKonuHecKuu xapaKmep o6pa3a e
"nocmcoepeMeHHOcmu ", mo "postmodernisni " hukuk unuHe, Ky.ibmype nocniModepna. Ec.iu oohinnbiu "oopas"
KaK "nocm.w>depnu3.%t ", ne ehipasuM (ne nepeeodtinw Mce (ompaMccHue, kohuk) a KtaccunecKou Ky.ibinype (KaK u e
ezo KOK "nocmcoHpeMenujM "J. Ky.ibmype Modepna) omcbi.iaem k "opuzuna.iy",
pea.ibHOcmu. Hcvy-mo docmoeepno.uy u necoMHemio.My, mo
/5/Jdxcu.mwoH laieem e tiudy, nmo "nocmModepnu3\t"
"cu.My.iHKp" - jmo o6pa3. Komopbiii ympamu.i ceou
Hucmo nonmutemcH Hucino "cnnaucmuHCCKu", m.e. KaK
opiizuna.1, u omcbi.iaem ne k opuzunajiy, a k dpyzou Koniiu
(peno.Men cmu.ia, kok, k npu.xtcpy, on do cux nop
(oopasy), Komopaa. e ceow onepedb, maKMce
fpynKi^iionupyem « (ti eosnuKoem U3) apxumeKmype u dpyziix
pecpcpeiinupyem k npedutecmeytoufeii kohuu u m.d. do
midax ucKvccmea. 3decb "itocm.ModepntnM " - smo iinub
oecKoneHHocmu. llocmModepn, ehipaMjeuHbiu Hepe3
nodbiii cmii.ib. npmuediuuu ua cvieny npeM-ne.uy.
nounmue "cuMy.ifiKpa", "cuMy.ifimueHocmu" - omo
it.uenoeamni.MycH ".\iodepnu3MOM ". koku.m du cmpamibi.M
cumyaifUH (jjamaibiioii ympanibi opuzuHaihiiocmu. nanai.
OH nu Ka3a.icH. B onuunue om maKozo "cmiaucmuHecKozo "
ociioeaiiuii, pea.ibHocmu, docmoeepnocmu u m.d. B
(u nojmo.xty omnocHmeeocH k KOMnemeiiifuii
onpedeJiehitoM CMbic.ie 3ma Kyjibmypnan cumyaifUH
xydojKecmeeuHou KpumuKu) nonuMaHun nocmModepnuxua
c.ioDKu.iacb c .MOMcnma, Kozda nod coMnenue 6bi.i
JJjKeu.Mucon nacmaueaem ua e ^ o 6ojiee luupoKOM. hcm
nocmae-ien KiaccunecKuii cnocoG (MexanuxM) npou3eodcmea
npocmo cmu.iucmuHecKozo nejienuH ucKyccmea,
"o6pa3oe" - npedcmae.ienue (nanpu.uep, y M. 0yKO e
ynueepca.ibHO.M comtoKv.ibmypno.u snaHeHini. Om pa3.mHiiH
"Cnoeax u eeufox " /1966/).
e nonu.Manuu (peno.Mena 3aeucnm Oo.iee e.ioBa.nbUhie
pazntHun 8 nodxodax, oifenKax, .Memodax e,?o ucc.iedoeanua
u m.d.

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