Cambridge International AS & A Level
COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/02
Paper 2 Fundamental Problem-solving and Programming Skills For examination from 2021
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Pseudocode Functions
An error is generated if the syntax is incorrect, or if a parameter type is incorrect.
MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING
returns a string of length y starting at position x from ThisString
Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) returns "BCD"
LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER
returns the integer value representing the length of ThisString
Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") returns 10
LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING
returns leftmost x characters from ThisString
Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "ABC"
RIGHT(ThisString: STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING
returns rightmost x characters from ThisString
Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "FGH"
LCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR
returns the character value representing the lower case equivalent of ThisChar
If ThisChar is not an upper-case alphabetic character, it is returned unchanged.
Example: LCASE('W') returns 'w'
UCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR
returns the character value representing the upper case equivalent of ThisChar
If ThisChar is not a lower-case alphabetic character, it is returned unchanged.
Example: UCASE('a') will return 'A'
TO_UPPER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING
returns a string formed by converting all alphabetic characters of ThisString to upper case.
Non-alphabetic characters are unchanged.
Example: TO_UPPER("Disk Error 27") returns "DISK ERROR 27"
TO_LOWER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING
returns a string formed by converting all alphabetic characters of ThisString to lower case.
Non-alphabetic characters are unchanged.
Example: TO_LOWER("ERROR - Password Invalid") returns "error – password invalid"
© UCLES 2018 9618/02/SI/21
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NUM_TO_STRING(x : REAL) RETURNS STRING
returns a string representation of a numeric value.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type INTEGER
Example: NUM_TO_STRING(87.5) returns "87.5"
STRING_TO_NUM(x : STRING) RETURNS REAL
returns a numeric representation of a string.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type CHAR
Example: STRING_TO_NUM("87.5") returns 87.5
INT(x : REAL) RETURNS INTEGER
returns the integer part of x
Example: INT(27.5415) returns 27
ASC(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER
returns the ASCII value of ThisChar
Example: ASC('A') returns 65
CHR(x : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR
returns the character whose ASCII value is x
Example: CHR(87) returns 'W'
MOD(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER
returns the integer value representing the remainder when ThisNum is divided by ThisDiv
Example: MOD(10,3) returns 1
DIV(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER
returns the integer value representing the whole number part of the result when ThisNum is divided
by ThisDiv
Example: DIV(10,3) returns 3
Pseudocode Operators
Operator Description
Used to concatenate (join) two strings
&
Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" produces "Summer Pudding"
Used to perform a logical AND on two Boolean values
AND
Example: TRUE AND FALSE produces FALSE
Used to perform a logical OR on two Boolean values
OR
Example: TRUE OR FALSE produces TRUE
Used to perform a logical NOT on a Boolean value
NOT
Example: NOT FALSE produces TRUE
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