PQM

Communication and Data Formats Prepared by: SARMAD RIAZ Technical Guidance: Mr. NAVEED AHMED QUERESHI Mr. HAFIZ SHAHZAD Submitted to: Mr. ALI NAWAZ

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR # 1 Power Quality Meter 2 3 4 5 6 7 Communication Data Formats Unsigned Long Integer 32-Bit Floating Point Hexadecimal Number Configuration of MVI94 Comparison b/w PQM and ISTAT

TOPIC

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TABLE OF FIGURES
SR#

TOPIC
RS-485 Specifications Daisy Chain Configuration Flow Diagram for PQM Data Conditioning Logic for Unsigned Long Integers Bit Distribution Data Conditioning for IEEE 754 32-Bit Floating Point Numbers Snapshot of Configuration Table

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

POWER QUALITY METER

The GE Multilin Power Quality Meter is used for continuous monitoring of a single or three phase system. It provides metering for current, voltage, real power etc.

Previously on each line 8 different transducer cards were installed to measure different quantities such as Phase Voltages Line Voltages Current Power

The different lines that are being metered by the ISTAT transducers are 1. 220 kV Line-1 2. 220kV Line-2 3. Bay-1 4. Bay-2 5. GSU-Secondary Side (220 kV 6. SUT-Primary Side (220 k) 7. UAT-Primary Side (24kV)

COMMUNICATION
Previously the multiple transducers were sending their signals as analog signals, thus consuming eight different analog inputs. The PQM transmits its data via RS-485 serial communication protocol. It connects with the Modbus interface module (MVI94) installed in the IPU. 4 analog outputs are also available for direct interface with the PLC.

RS485
Standard Physical Media EIA RS-485 Twisted Pair

Network Topology Point-to-point, Multi-dropped, Multipoint Maximum Devices 32 (32 drivers & 32 receivers) Maximum Distance 1200 meters (4000 feet)

Mode of Operation Differential Maximum Baud Rate Voltage Levels 100Kbps - 10Mbps

-7V to +12V (max), +/-6V (Commonly used) Negative Voltages Positive voltages Tx+, Tx-, Rx+, Rx- (Full Duplex) Not specified, Commonly Screw terminals

Mark(1) Space(0) Available Signals Connector types

Modbus is an application layer (Layer) messaging protocol. It provides client/server communication between devices connected on different types of buses and networks. The 4

PQM 2 is always a Modbus Slave. The PROSOFT MVI94-MCM Module will be used as the Modbus Master module. PQM 2 supports the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) version of Modbus.

2-wire RS-485 link, data flow is bi-directional and half duplex. Termination is done by 120 resistor and 1nF capacitor. One data frame of an asynchronous transmission to or from a PQM-2 consists of 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit resulting in a 10-bit data frame. If multiple PQM-2 devices are to be connected then they will be connected in a daisy chain configuration.

Prosoft MVI94MCM Modbus Master

Daisy Chain Configuration Modbus Master-Slave Link RS-485 Link

PQM-2
Modbus Slave

PQM-2
Modbus Slave

PQM-2
Modbus Slave

PQM-2
Modbus Slave

Modbus Functions Supported by PQM-2: The following Modbus functions are supported by our PQM, but during normal operation we only use 03h (Read).

03h: Read Set-points and Actual Values 04h: Read Set-points and Actual Values 05h: Execute Operation 06h: Store Single Set point 07h: Read Device Status 5

08h: Loop-back Test 10h: Store multiple Set-points

CT PQM PT 220kV Line

RS485

MVI94

IPU Backplane

Flow Diagram

Flow Diagram for PQM

DATA FORMATS Unsigned Long Integer

Data Sent (from PQM) Data Received (by DCS)
High Word 220000 (35B60h) 221689 (361F9h) 216589 (34E0Dh) 195642 (2FC3Ah) 3 (0003h) 3 (0003h) 3 (0003h) 2 (0002h) Low Word 23392 (5B60h) 25081 (61F9h) 19981 (4E0Dh) 64570 (FC3Ah)

Data Displayed (by DCS)

High Word 3 3 3 2 Low Word 23392 25081 19981 -966

The PQM sends data in form of different data formats, some of which are F1 Unsigned Integer (2 Bytes [FFFF]) F3 Unsigned Long Integer (4 Bytes [FFFFFFFF]) F4 Signed Long Integer (4 Bytes [FFFFFFFF])

In case of an unsigned long integer that is 4 bytes long, the DCS interprets is at two different signed 2-byte words. The table shown above depicts the data as it is sent and as it is displayed.

High Word

65536

+
Low Word

Actual Value

<0

Yes

Low Word

+ 65536

Low Word

No
Data Conditioning Logic for Unsigned Long Integers 7

To extract the original data out of the displayed data we multiply the High word by 65536. If the Low word is less than 0 then we add 65536 to the Low word otherwise we do not alter the Low word. We add the result of Low and High word processing and display the calculated value.

32-Bit Hexadecimal Floating Point Number (used by PAC)

The PAC Module provided by Siemens sent its data in the 32-Bit Hexadecimal Floating Point Format. The IEEE 754 standard specifies a 32 Bit Binary Floating Point Number as having: Sign bit: 1 bit Exponent width: 8 bits Significand precision: 24 (23 explicitly stored)

The true significand includes an implicit leading bit with value 1 unless the exponent is stored with all zeros. Thus only 23 bits of the significand appear in the memory format but the total precision is 24 bits (equivalent to log10(224) 7.225 decimal digits). The bits are laid out as follows:

Sign Exponent Fraction

IEEE-754 Bit Distribution of 32-Bit Floating Point Number

(-1)Sign 2Exp Decimal

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Data Sent (From PAC)

Data Received

Data Displayed

High Word 139.0703125 17163(430Bh)

Low Word 4608(1200h)

High Word 17163

Low Word 4608

17163

128

134.0859375

High

134
4608 Low

127

EXP

65536

0.007812262

0.000549299671875

+ 1 +
0.0859375

Decimal

1.086486799671875

Extraction of Exponent and Decimal values from the Displayed Data for IEEE 754 32-Bit Floating Point Number

The above shown method will remain true for all positive values, i.e. both the High word and Low word are positive (MSB is 0). To check for negative values we will need to make slight adjustments in the above Flow Diagram.

CONFIGURATION OF MVI94 (MODBUS MASTER) MODULE

Before connecting a PQM to the MVI94 module we need to edit the configuration file of MVI94. The configuration file is edited according to our requirements and loaded into MVI94 (Modbus Master) module. When editing the configuration file most of the times the only thing that we change is the configuration table. This table contains the source and destination addresses and information about the amount of data and the action to be performed on the data.

Parameter

Address of Address of Holding Register Holding Register of PQM (Hex) of PQM (Dec)

Average Current Voltage Van (High Word) Voltage Vbn (High Word) Voltage Vcn (High Word) Voltage Vab (High Word) Voltage Vbc (High Word) Voltage Vca (High Word)
3 Phase Real Power (High Word) 3 Phase Reactive Power (High Word)

0243h 0280h 0282h 0284h 0288h 028Ah 028Ch 02F0h 02F2h 02F6h 0440h

579 640 642 644 648 650 652 752 754 758 1088

3 Phase Power Factor Frequency

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Snapshot of Configuration Table

Translating into simple English the highlighted command line states the following

The command is enabled. Modbus Master will Read the value stored in one register starting at address 644 [0284h] (Voltage Vcn) of the device at Node 1 and place it in internal address 58 of the MVI94 Modbus Master module.
The internal addresses are configured during the installation of MVI94 module into the DCS Backplane. They can be changed or reconfigured from the System window in ORCA-View.

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COMPARISON b/w PQM and ISTAT

The basic reason for changing the ISTAT transducers is that they are obsolete.

COST: We can connect 32 different PQMs on one RS-485 link with one MVI94 module. If we use ISTAT transducers we would require 256 Analog Inputs to obtain equivalent amount of data. The PQM would drastically reduce our system cost and simplify our system design.

RELIABILITY: Compared to the ISTAT transducers the reliability of PQM is less because in case of a faulty communication link or a fault in the MVI module we would lose all our parameters, whereas in the case of ISTAT as all the parameters are being transmitted separately as analog signals so the probability of all the parameters being lost is very remote.

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