Bureaucracy
Scientific Management
Administrative EARLY
MANAGEMENT
Neoclassical APPROACHES
Human Relations Movement
Chester Barnard
Integrating management tlieori
Contingency Approach
MODERN
System MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES
I Behaviour al approach
Quantitative approach
Classical Administration Theory
Classical View (Early 1900S· 1920)
1
Bureaucracy :
aMax Weber(father of modern sociology)
aStrict chain of command, detailed rules,,
high specialization, centralized power,
and selection and promotion based on
technical competence
Classical Administration Theory
■
Scientific management:
Focusses on worker & machine relationship.
Frederick Taylor( 1911 )-Father of Scientific
Management.
Published- Principles of Scientific Management
Gilberth- ·one best way" of doing work
Motion study & time study
Henry Gantt(1861 -1919)- Gantt charts
Henry focussed on motivational schemes,
leadership and management skills for an effective
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Classical Administration Theory
■ - I
Administrative Management:
Henri Fayal (1941-1924 ), popularized the
concept of the "universality of management
principles"
Father of Modern Management.
Attempts to prescribe the .. correct" way to
manage an organization and achieve its goals
High specialization of labour (each dept
tended to its own business, and decision
making was centralized)
Human Relations Movement
■ -
Advocates management styles that are more
participative and oriented towa.rds employee
needs
Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric
Company; 1924-1932
Initiated as an attempt to investigate how
characteristics of the work setting affect
employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)
Found that productivity increased regardless of
whether illumination was raised or lowered
Chester Barnard
■ j ;,
3 top functions of executives-
Establish and maintain an effective
communication system
Hire and retain effective personnel
Motivate those personnel
He gave ·Acceptance Theory of Authority;
Modern management approach
■ -
[
□ System theory
□ Contingency view
□ Behavioural approach
System approach
■ -
_. Emerged during 1940s and World War-2
System is also an organization just like a
human body.
it can be defined as "essentially a set or assembly
of things interconnection or interdependent , so as
to form a complex unites"
Any degree of change will affect some other
system.
Firstly applied in the fields of science and
engineering system.
There are 2 major types of system:
1)open system. 2) Closed system.
Contingency View(mid 1960s)
- □ Also called Situational approach
□ Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation process
and the characteristic of the situation.
c, It assumes that managerial behaviour is
dependent on wide variety of elements.
Behavioural approach
■ - ■
u It is improved and more mature version of the
human relations approach.
u Scientists like Douglas McGregor, Abraham
Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary
Parker Follet etc contributed to this
behavioural approach hence they are called
Behavioural scientists.
r Their contributions helped in understanding
OB.
