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ASME B18.31.1M-2005

Continuous and

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D
Double End
Metric

Studs
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ASME B18.31.1M-2005

Three Park Avenue • New York, NY 10016

Continuous and

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D
Double End
Metric

Studs
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Date of Issuance: February 28, 2006

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2010. There will be no addenda
issued to this edition.

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this
Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at
http://www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from
competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made
available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for
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ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established
ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2006 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Correspondence With the B18 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Comparison With ISO Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
6 Body Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7 Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
8 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
9 Thread Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
10 Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
11 Materials and Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
12 Identification Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
13 Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
14 Workmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
15 Straightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
16 Inspection and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
17 Dimensional Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
18 Clearance Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
19 Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Tables
1 Dimensions for Continuous Thread Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Dimensions for Clamping Type Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Dimensions for Tap End Studs (1.5D Engagement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Body Dimensions for Double End Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Length Tolerances — LT for Continuous Thread and Clamping Type Studs, and
L for Tap End Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Mandatory Appendix
I Stud Straightness, Referee Gage, and Gaging Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

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FOREWORD

American National Standards Committee B18 for the standardization of bolts, screws, nuts,
rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 1922 as Sectional Committee B18 under
the aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American Standards
Association, then the United States of America Standards Institute and, as of October 6, 1969,
the American National Standards Institute, Inc.) with the Society of Automotive Engineers and
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors.
In 1995 the SAE Ship Systems and Equipment Committee that was preparing fastener part
standards for the ship-building industry asked ASME Committee B18 if there was an interest in
developing dimensional standards for studs. At the December 1995 B18 meeting in Atlanta, it
was reported that a survey by ASME showed considerable interest in establishing a subcommittee
to develop stud standards and 11 representatives indicating their willingness to serve on the
subcommittee. Subcommittee (SC) 31 was established and drafts of SAE customary and metric
stud standards were distributed for review.
The first meeting of SC 31 on studs was held in April 1996 in conjunction with the ASME B18
meetings in Chicago. Existing stud standards (IFI 136 Studs and Bolts and IFI 528 Metric Studs
and Bolts) were compared with the draft of SAE standards [J2271 Part Standard for Studs —
Continuous and Double End (Inch Series) and J2271M Part Standard for Studs — Continuous
and Double End (Metric)]. The subcomittee then identified the configurations to be developed
along with thread sizes and diameters to be covered. It was determined to develop both customary
and metric standards covering both continuously threaded and double ended studs. A decision
to develop the metric standard first was unanimously passed.
An ASME B18, SC 31 Working Group on Metric Studs met at the Defense Industrial Supply
Center in Philadelphia in November 1996. Some of the more important recommendations of the
working group were
(a) Continuous and Double End Studs (based on newly published SAE J2271M) would be
covered and interference-fit studs would not be covered.
(b) Diameters 5 mm through 100 mm would be covered with coarse pitch threads used for
diameters of 56 mm and smaller and six pitch threads for larger diameters.
(c) It was agreed that the length should be the overall length as per IFI 528 and SAE J2271
and not the ambiguous first to last thread requirement as identified in ASTM A 193/A 193M.
(d) Cover both finished and unfinished ends and permit sheared ends provided they were
suitable for marking.
(e) For double end studs, a thread length of 11⁄2 diameters on one end and a longer thread
length on the other end as per SAE J2271M. The recommendations of the Working Group were
accepted at the SC 31 meeting in New Orleans in December 1996 with only minor modifications.
A draft of B18.31.1M was forwarded to members prior to the April 1997 SC 31 meeting in
Cleveland and some changes were identified at the meeting. Drafts and changes were reviewed
at subsequent meetings.
A draft of B18.31.1M was circulated for ballot prior to the December 1998 SC 31 meeting in
Phoenix and discussed at the meeting. A number of changes were identified including placing
the figures over the applicable tables. A motion was approved to submit the revised draft to
SC 31 and B18 for a simultaneous ballot.
A revised draft was reviewed at the SC 31 meeting in Altamonte Springs, Florida in April 1999
that incorporated changes from the previous meeting and utilized ISO 225 dimensions. The draft
was generally accepted and the sponsor was asked to review ISO 4759 tolerances and incorporate
as appropriate.
At the December 1999 San Antonio meeting of SC 31, the latest draft of B18.31.1M was reviewed.
The addition of a double end (bolt-stud) configuration with threads of equal length was proposed
and generally accepted. It was proposed to review Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN)
stud standards and survey stud manufacturers. After reviewing DIN stud standards, a survey

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was developed. The survey was circulated to SC 31 members prior to the May 2000 meeting in
Orlando to determine if the survey was suitable for wider circulation. The results of the survey
were discussed at the meeting and it was decided that a wider circulation was not required and
that a revised draft of the standard based on the recommendations contained in the survey should
be balloted.
At the December 2000 SC 31 meeting in New Orleans, a new draft of B18.31.1M was reviewed.
As a result the following, significant changes were proposed:
(a) Reference ASTM F 1941M for plating requirements and add smaller diameters down to
1.6 mm.
(b) Circulation of a new draft for SC ballot was approved; this new draft was balloted in
April 2001.
(c) Subsequently, to resolve a ballot disapproval, it was proposed that a thread length of 2D
plus six threads be added to the tables for double end studs. A revised draft with this and other
changes was balloted in November 2001.
Changes included adding the 14 mm diameter for double end studs and 14 mm, 22 mm, and
27 mm diameters added for continuously threaded studs.
The standard was again balloted in March and November 2002. At the December 2002 meeting
it was recommended that straightness requirements be added. Subsequently, the ISO tolerances
for straightness were deleted in favor of tolerances used in other ASME B18 standards. Minor
changes were incorporated as a result of 2003 ballot and a reconsideration ballot in March 2004
closed without responses. A previous disapproval was discussed at the April 2004 meeting and
some changes accepted.
At the December 2004 meeting it was agreed to delete ASTM F 2281 as it applies only to
inch-dimensioned fasteners. It was also agreed upon to revise the format of several tables to
improve consistency of the various tables. The revised document was submitted for another
reconsideration ballot in March 2005. This Standard was approved by the American National
Standards Institute on November 9, 2005.

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ASME B18 COMMITTEE
Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws,
Washers, and Similar Fasteners
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

OFFICERS
D. A. Clever, Chair
R. D. Strong, Vice Chair
S. W. Vass, Vice Chair
R. L. Crane, Secretary

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
J. Altman, Rotor Clip Co. W. H. Kopke, ITW Assembly Components
J. H. Slass, Alternate, Rotor Clip Co. M. Levinson, Alternate, ITW Assembly Components
J. B. Belford, Lawson Products, Inc. J. G. Langenstein, Member Emeritus, Consultant
V. Cartina, Aztech Locknut L. L. Lord, Corresponding Member, Consultant
D. A. Clever, Deere and Co. W. J. Lutkus, Heli Coil Emhart
A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co. D. McCrindle, Canadian Fasteners Institute
T. Collier, Cam-Tech Industries, Inc. M. D. Prasad, General Motors Corp.
R. L. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers J. A. Roley, Corresponding Member, Caterpillar, Inc.
A. C. Dicola, Wrought Washer Co. W. L. Sakowski, Account Managers, LLC
B. A. Dusina, Federal Screw Works S. Savoji, ITW Medalist
J. S. Foote, Corresponding Member, Trade Association W. Schevey, BGM Fastener Co., Inc.
Management, Inc. W. R. Stevens, Ramco
D. S. George, Ford Motor Co. R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
J. Greenslade, Greenslade and Co. S. W. Vass, Nova Machine Products
J. J. Grey, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc. C. B. Wackrow, MNP Corp.
B. Hasiuk, Defense Supply Center Philadelphia R. G. Weber, Fairfield University
A. Herskovitz, Consultant W. K. Wilcox, Consultant
J. Hubbard, Rockford Fastener, Inc. C. J. Wilson, Industrial Fasteners Institute
M. Keller, Corresponding Member, PARACAD R. B. Wright, Wright Tool Co.
J. F. Koehl, Spirol International Corp. J. G. Zeratsky, National Rivet and Manufacturing Co.

SUBCOMMITTEE 31 — THREADED STUDS

W. K. Wilcox, Chair, Consultant J. Jennings, Naval Surface Warfare Center
R. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical W. Schevey, BGM Fastener Co., Inc.
Engineers G. M. Simpson, Semblex Corp.
J. F. Braden, Girard Fastener Co. W. R. Stevens, Ramco
D. A. Clever, Deere and Co. R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
D. S. George, Ford Motor Co. C. B. Wackrow, MNP Corp.
J. Greenslade, Greenslade and Co. C. J. Wilson, Industrial Fasteners Institute
A. Herskovitz, Consultant

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CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B18 COMMITTEE

General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee
by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre-
spondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, B18 Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes
that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application
of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be
as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed
description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Interpretations. Upon request, the B18 Committee will render an interpretation of any require-
ment of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent
to the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee.
The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended
that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry.
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is
being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement
suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval
of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans
or drawings, which are necessary to explain the question; however, they
should not contain proprietary names or information.
Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee
prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional
information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an
interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not
“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, which
are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of
the B18 Standards Committee.

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ASME B18.31.1M-2005

METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS

1 INTRODUCTION ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimen-

sional Acceptablity — Inch and Metric Screw Threads
1.1 Scope (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)
ASME B1.13, Metric Screw Threads — M Profile
1.1.1 This standard covers the complete dimensional ASME B18.2.8, Clearance Holes for Bolts, Screws, and
and general data for continuous thread and double end Studs
metric series studs recognized as an American National ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fas-
Standard. The following configurations are covered: teners
ASME B18.18.2, Inspection and Quality Assurance for
continuous thread stud: studs that are threaded over their
High Volume Machine Assembly Fasteners
complete length.
ASME B18.24, Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code Sys-
double end stud (clamping type): studs with screw threads tem Standard for B18 Fastener Products
of the same length and configuration on each end. This ASME Y14.5M, Dimensioning and Tolerancing
type of stud serves the function of clamping two bodies Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical
together with a nut on each end. Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,
double end stud (tap end type): a stud designed to be NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive,
installed in a tapped hole and usually with different Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300.
threaded lengths on each end. The tap end studs covered ASTM A 380, Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling,
by this standard have the same thread form on each and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment,
end with the length of the tap end threads equal to and Systems
approximately 11⁄2 times the nominal thread diameter. ASTM F 468M, Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Capscrews, and
Studs for General Use
NOTE: Both types of double end studs in this standard may be
installed with a nut on each end. Similarly, one end of each type
ASTM F 568M, Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally
may be set in a tapped hole, usually with a locking compound. Threaded Metric Fasteners
ASTM F 738M, Stainless Steel Metric Bolts, Screws
Double end studs of the following body diameters and Studs
are covered: ASTM F 788/F 788M, Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,
(a) Reduced Diameter Body. See para. 6.1 for dimen- Screws, and Studs — Inch and Metric Series
sions. ASTM F 1941M, Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded
(b) Full Body. See para. 6.2 for dimensions. Fasteners (Metric)
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
1.1.2 The inclusion of dimensional data in this stan- Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
dard is not intended to imply that all products described
are stock production items. Consumers should consult
with suppliers concerning availability of products. 4 TERMINOLOGY
For definitions of terms relating to fasteners or fea-
tures thereof used in this Standard, refer to ASME B18.12.
2 COMPARISON WITH ISO DOCUMENTS
Metric stud standards have not been issued by ISO. 5 DIMENSIONS
(a) All dimensions in this Standard are given in
3 REFERENCED STANDARDS millimeters (mm), and apply before coating, unless
stated otherwise. Table 1 contains the dimensions for
The following is a list of publications referenced in continuous thread studs. Table 2 contains the dimen-
this Standard. Unless otherwise specified, the reference sions for double end (clamping type) studs. Table 3 con-
shall be to the most recent issue at the time of order tains the dimensions for double end (tap end type) studs.
placement. See para. 6 for body diameters on double end studs.

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ASME B18.31.1M-2005 METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS

(b) Symbols specifying geometric characteristics are 8.1 Pointed Ends

in accord with ASME Y14.5M. Pointed ends shall be chamfered from a diameter
equal to or slightly less than the thread root diameter.
6 BODY DIAMETER The length of the point to the first fully formed thread
at major diameter, as determined by the distance the
The diameter of the body on studs which are not point enters into a cylindrical NOT GO major diameter
threaded the full length shall be within the limits for ring gage, shall not exceed Umax. Umax is equal to two
DS or DR as specified for the applicable configuration. thread pitches. The ends of the stud shall be reasonably
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the reduced squared with the axis of the stud, but the slight rim or
diameter body or full body may be supplied at the option cup resulting from manufacturing shall be permissible.
of the supplier.
8.2 Unpointed Ends
6.1 Reduced Diameter Body Unpointed ends may be plain-sheared or cut ends and
The body diameter is approximately equal to the pitch the slight rim or cup resulting from manufacturing shall
diameter of the thread. Reduced diameter body dimen- be permissible.
sions shall be as specified in Table 4.
9 THREAD LENGTH
6.2 Full Body
(a) For continuously threaded studs, the entire length
The maximum body diameter is the basic nominal
of the stud shall be threaded except for the ends as
diameter of the thread. The minimum body diameter is
denoted by dimension U in the illustration in Table 1.
the nominal diameter of the thread minus a tolerance
(b) For double end studs, full threads are required for
based on the stud length with minimum dimensions as
the lengths BM and B except for the ends as denoted by
specified in Table 4.
dimension U in the illustrations in Tables 2 and 3.
(c) The transition from full thread to incomplete
7 LENGTH thread shall be smooth and uniform. The major diameter
for incomplete threads shall not exceed the actual diame-
7.1 Overall Length ter of the complete (fully formed) threads.
The overall length, LT, of the stud is the distance,
parallel to the axis of the stud from one end to the other 10 SCREW THREADS
end, measured to the extreme condition on each end.
10.1 Thread Series and Tolerance Class
Tolerances for overall stud lengths are given in Table 5.
Overall lengths for continuous thread and clamping type Threads shall be metric coarse thread series tolerance
studs (illustrations in Tables 1 and 2) shall be in incre- class 6g conforming to the dimensions for general pur-
ments as indicated in applicable tables. For tap end studs pose external threads in ASME B1.13M unless otherwise
(illustration in Table 3), the overall length is not specified specified by the purchaser. Thread size limits prior to
but is the sum of the nominal length, L, and the tap end plating or coating shall be class 6g (GO and NOT GO).
length, BM. After plating or coating, class 6g threads shall be
accepted using the size limits of 6h GO (high limit) and
7.2 Nominal Length 6g NOT GO (low limit).
For continuous and clamping type studs, the nominal 10.2 Thread Gaging
length is the same as the overall length without toler-
Unless otherwise specified, dimensional acceptability
ances. For tap end studs (illustration in Table 3), the
of screw threads shall be based on System 21 of
nominal length, L, is the protrusion length when the
ASME B1.3M.
stud is installed. Nominal lengths shall be in increments
as indicated in applicable tables.
11 MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
7.3 Length Tolerance
11.1 Steel
Length tolerances for studs shall be in accordance Unless otherwise specified, steel studs shall conform
with Table 5. to the requirements of ASTM F 568M.
11.2 Corrosion-Resistant Steels
8 POINTS
Unless otherwise specified, studs of corrosion-resis-
Unless otherwise specified, studs with either pointed tant steels shall conform to the requirements of
or unpointed ends may be provided. The ends shall be ASTM F 738M including passivation in accordance with
suitable for marking. ASTM A 380.

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METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS ASME B18.31.1M-2005

11.3 Nonferrous Metals engineering drawings, or shall be as agreed upon

Unless otherwise specified, nonferrous studs shall between the purchaser and supplier prior to acceptance
conform to the requirements of ASTM F 468M. of the order. In the absence of a defined agreement, the
requirements of ASME B18.18.2 shall apply.

12 IDENTIFICATION SYMBOLS
Markings shall be located on either the ends or the 17 DIMENSIONAL CONFORMANCE
bodies of the studs unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the following designated
dimensional characteristics shall be inspected to the
12.1 Property Class Symbol
inspection levels shown according to ASME B18.18.2,
Each stud shall be marked in accordance with the and shall be within their specified limits:
requirements of the applicable specification (see
section 11) for its chemical and mechanical requirements. Characteristic Inspection Level
For tap end studs, the material property class symbol Thread acceptability C
shall be marked on the nut end or the body. Stud overall length, LT (not applicable to C
tap end studs)
12.2 Source Symbols Stud nominal length, L (tap end studs only) C
Each stud of a size requiring marking shall be marked Thread length C
Straightness B
to identify its source (manufacturer or private label dis-
tributor). If a verifiable, in-process inspection is used, inspection
sample sizes and reporting shall be in accordance with
13 FINISH the applicable ASME, ASTM, or SAE quality system
consensus standard.
Unless otherwise specified, studs shall be supplied
with a natural (as processed) finish, unplated or
uncoated, in a clean condition and lightly oiled. 18 CLEARANCE HOLES
The recommended sizes of clearance holes in material
14 WORKMANSHIP to be assembled using metric studs are those listed in
Unless otherwise specified, studs shall be free from ASME B18.2.8 for metric fasteners.
surface imperfections such as burrs, seams, laps, loose
scales, or other irregularities that could affect service-
ability. When control of surface discontinuities is 19 DESIGNATION
required, the purchaser shall specify conformance to
ASTM F 788/F 788M. (a) Studs shall be designated by the following data,
preferably in the sequence shown:
(1) product name
15 STRAIGHTNESS (2) product standard (ASME B18.31.1M)
At maximum material limit, studs must be straight (3) nominal diameter and thread pitch
within the limit established by the straightness or cam- (4) nominal length
ber tolerance value, T, based on the overall length, LT, (5) steel property class or material identification
of the stud as identified below and expressed as a two- (6) protective coating, if required
place decimal. The referee gage and gaging procedures
for checking straightness are provided in Mandatory EXAMPLES:
(1) Continuous thread stud, ASME B18.31.1M, M20 ⴛ 2.5 ⴛ 50,
Appendix I.
ASTM F 568M Class 8.8, zinc-plated per ASTM F 1941M Classi-
(a) T p 0.006 LT where LT ≤ 600 mm fication Code Fe/Zn 5A.
(b) T p 0.008 LT where LT > 600 mm (2) Clamping type stud, reduced diameter body, ASME B18.31.1M,
M10 ⴛ 1.5 ⴛ 60, ASTM F 468M nickel-copper alloy 400.
16 INSPECTION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (3) Tap end stud, full body, ASME B18.31.1M, M16 ⴛ 2 ⴛ 100,
ASTM F 738M Class A4-70.
Studs shall be inspected to determine conformance
with this standard. Inspection procedures may be speci- (b) Optionally, studs may be designated by a Part
fied by the purchaser on the inquiry, purchase order, Identifying Number when defined in ASME B18.24.

3
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ASME B18.31.1M-2005 METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS

Note (1)

U U
LT
Table 1 Dimensions for Continuous Thread Studs
Nominal Size Nominal Length, LT
Diameter, Pitch, [Note (2)]
D P Umax p 2P Range Increments

M5 0.8 1.6 12–20 4

25–50 5
60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M6 1 2.0 16–20 4
25–50 5
60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M8 1.25 2.5 25–50 5
60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M10 1.5 3.0 30–50 5
60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M12 1.75 3.5 40–50 5
60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M14 [Note (3)] 2 4.0 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M16 2 4.0 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M20 2.5 5.0 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M22 2.5 5.0 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M24 3 6.0 70–160 10
≥ 180 20
M27 3 6.0 80–160 10
≥ 180 20
M30 3.5 7.0 90–160 10
≥ 180 20
M36 4 8.0 110–160 10
≥ 180 20
M42 4.5 9.0 120–160 10
≥ 180 20
M48 5 10.0 150–160 10
≥ 180 20
M56 5.5 11.0 ≥ 180 20
M64 6 12.0 ≥ 180 20
M72, M80, 6 12.0 ≥ 200 20
M90 and M100

GENERAL NOTE: All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

NOTES:
(1) See section 8 for end requirements.
(2) See Table 5 for tolerances on stud lengths.
(3) A nonpreferred size; not recommended for new design due to limited availability.

4
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METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS ASME B18.31.1M-2005

Note (1) Note (1)

DS D DR D

U U U U
B B B
B
LT LT

Full Body Reduced Body

Table 2 Dimensions for Clamping Type Studs

Nominal Size Thread Length, B
[Note (2)]
Nominal Length, LT
Diameter,
LT ≤ 250 250 < LT ≤ 400 LT > 400 [Note (3)]
D Pitch,
[Note (4)] P Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Umax p 2P Range Increments

M1.6 0.35 9.2 9.9 ... ... ... ... 0.7 25–50 5
M2 0.4 10 10.8 ... ... ... ... 0.8 25–50 5
M2.5 0.45 11 11.9 ... ... ... ... 0.9 30–50 5
M3 0.5 12 13 ... ... ... ... 1 30–50 5
M4 0.7 14 15.4 ... ... ... ... 1.4 35–90 5
M5 0.8 16 17.6 ... ... ... ... 1.6 40–90 5

M6 1 18 20 24 26 ... ... 2 50–90 5

100–160 10
M8 1.25 18 20.5 24 26.5 ... ... 2.5 50–90 5
100–160 10
≥ 180 20

M10 1.5 26 29 32 35 45 48 3 60–160 10

≥ 180 20
M12 1.75 30 33.5 36 39.5 49 52.5 3.5 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M14 [Note (5)] 2 34 38 40 44 53 57 4 80–160 10
≥ 180 20
M16 2 38 42 44 48 57 61 4 90–160 10
≥ 180 20
M20 2.5 46 51 52 57 65 70 5 100–160 10
≥ 180 20
M24 3 54 60 60 66 73 79 6 130–160 10
≥ 180 20

M30 3.5 66 73 72 79 85 92 7 150–160 10

≥ 180 20
M36 4 78 86 84 92 97 105 8 ≥ 200 20
M42 4.5 90 99 96 105 109 118 9 ≥ 240 20
M48 5 ... ... 108 118 121 131 10 ≥ 280 20
M56 5.5 ... ... 124 135 137 148 11 ≥ 300 20

M64 6 ... ... 140 152 153 165 12 ≥ 340 20

M72 6 ... ... 156 168 169 181 12 ≥ 380 20
M80 6 ... ... 172 184 185 197 12 ≥ 400 20
M90 6 ... ... ... ... 205 217 12 ≥ 440 20
M100 6 ... ... ... ... 225 237 12 ≥ 480 20

GENERAL NOTE: All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

NOTES:
(1) See section 8 for end requirements.
(2) The nominal thread length is equal to Bmin. The maximum thread length is the minimum thread length (nominal length)
plus a value equal to two thread pitches.
(3) See Table 5 for tolerances on stud lengths.
(4) See Table 4 for body diameters for full body or reduced body studs.
(5) A nonpreferred size; not recommended for new design due to limited availability.

5
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ASME B18.31.1M-2005 METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS

Note (1) Note (1)

Tap end Nut end Tap end Nut end

DS D DR D

U U U U
BM B BM B
L L
LT LT

Full Body Reduced Body

Table 3 Dimensions for Tap End Studs (1.5D Engagement)

Nominal Size Nut End Thread Length, B [Note (2)]
Nominal Length, L
Tap End
Diameter, D Pitch, Length, L ≤ 125 125 < L ≤ 200 L > 200 [Note (3)]
[Note (4)] P BM Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Umax p 2P Range Increments

M1.6 0.35 2.1–2.7 9.2 9.9 ... ... ... ... 0.7 25–50 5
M2 0.4 2.7–3.3 10 10.8 ... ... ... ... 0.8 25–50 5
M2.5 0.45 3.375–4.125 11 11.9 ... ... ... ... 0.9 30–50 5
M3 0.5 4.125–4.875 12 13 ... ... ... ... 1 30–50 5
M4 0.7 5.625–6.375 14 15.4 ... ... ... ... 1.4 35–90 5
M5 0.8 7.05–7.95 16 17.6 ... ... ... ... 1.6 40–90 5
M6 1 8.55–9.45 18 20 24 26 ... ... 2 50–90 5
100–160 10
M8 1.25 11.45–12.55 18 20.5 24 26.5 ... ... 2.5 50–90 5
100–160 10
≥ 180 20
M10 1.5 14.45–15.55 26 29 32 35 45 48 3 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M12 1.75 17.45–18.55 30 33.5 36 39.5 49 52.5 3.5 60–160 10
≥ 180 20
M14 [Note (5)] 2 20.35–21.65 34 38 40 44 53 57 4 80–160 10
≥ 180 20
M16 2 23.35–30.65 38 42 44 48 57 61 4 90–160 10
≥ 180 20
M20 2.5 29.35–30.65 46 56 52 57 65 70 5 100–160 10
≥ 180 20
M24 3 35.2–36.8 54 60 60 66 73 79 6 130–160 10
≥ 180 20
M30 3.5 43.75–46.25 66 73 72 79 85 92 7 150–160 10
≥ 180 20
M36 4 52.5–55.5 78 86 84 92 97 105 8 ≥ 200 20
M42 4.5 61.5–64.5 90 99 96 105 109 118 9 ≥ 240 20
M48 5 70.5–73.5 ... ... 108 118 121 131 10 ≥ 280 20
M56 5.5 82.25–85.75 ... ... 124 135 137 148 11 ≥ 300 20
M64 6 94.5–97.5 ... ... 140 152 153 165 12 ≥ 340 20
M72 6 106.5–109.5 ... ... 156 168 169 181 12 ≥ 380 20
M80 6 118.5–121.5 ... ... 172 184 185 197 12 ≥ 400 20
M90 6 133–137 ... ... ... ... 205 217 12 ≥ 440 20
M100 6 148–152 ... ... ... ... 225 237 12 ≥ 480 20

GENERAL NOTE: All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

NOTES:
(1) See section 8 for end requirements.
(2) The nominal thread length is equal to Bmin. The maximum thread length is the minimum thread length (nominal length)
plus a value equal to two thread pitches.
(3) See Table 5 for tolerances on stud lengths.
(4) See Table 4 for body diameters for full body or reduced body studs.
(5) A nonpreferred size; not recommended for new design due to limited availability.

6
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METRIC CONTINUOUS AND DOUBLE END STUDS ASME B18.31.1M-2005

Table 4 Body Dimensions for Double End Studs

Body Diameter, DR, for Body Diameter, DS, for
Reduced Body Studs Full Body Studs
Nominal Size Maximum Minimum
Overall Length, LT Overall Length, LT
Diameter, Pitch,
D P ≤ 150 > 150 Minimum Maximum ≤ 150 > 150

M1.6 0.35 ... ... ... 1.60 1.29 1.29

M2 0.4 ... ... ... 2.00 1.65 1.65
M2.5 0.45 ... ... ... 2.50 2.12 2.12
M3 0.5 ... ... ... 3.00 2.58 2.58
M4 0.7 ... ... ... 4.00 3.43 3.43
M5 0.8 ... ... ... 5.00 4.36 4.36
M6 1 5.39 5.51 5.21 6.00 5.82 5.70
M8 1.25 7.26 7.40 7.04 8.00 7.78 7.64
M10 1.5 9.08 9.22 8.86 10.00 9.78 9.64
M12 1.75 10.95 11.11 10.68 12.00 11.73 11.57
M14 [Note (1)] 2 12.77 12.93 12.50 14.00 13.73 13.57
M16 2 14.77 14.93 14.50 16.00 15.73 15.57
M20 2.5 18.49 18.68 18.16 20.00 19.67 19.48
M24 3 22.13 22.32 21.80 24.00 23.67 23.48
M30 3.5 ... 27.98 27.46 30.00 ... 29.48
M36 4 ... 33.74 33.12 36.00 ... 35.38
M42 4.5 ... 39.40 38.78 42.00 ... 41.38
M48 5 ... 45.05 44.43 48.00 ... 47.38
M56 5.5 ... 52.83 52.09 56.00 ... 55.26
M64 6 ... 60.48 59.74 64.00 ... 63.26
M72 6 ... 68.48 67.74 72.00 ... 71.26
M80 6 ... 76.48 75.74 80.00 ... 79.26
M90 6 ... 86.61 85.74 90.00 ... 89.13
M100 6 ... 96.59 95.72 100.00 ... 99.13

GENERAL NOTE: All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

NOTE:
(1) A nonpreferred size; not recommended for new design due to limited availability.

Table 5 Length Tolerances —

LT for Continuous Thread and Clamping Type Studs, and L for Tap End Studs
Length Tolerance
Nominal Length [Note (1)]
Clamping Type and
Over Through Tap End Studs Continuous Thread Studs

6 10 ± 0.29 ± 0.45
10 18 ± 0.35 ± 0.55
18 30 ± 0.42 ± 0.65
30 50 ± 0.50 ± 0.80

50 80 ± 0.95 ± 1.50
80 120 ± 1.10 ± 1.75
120 180 ± 1.25 ± 2.00

180 250 ± 1.45 ± 2.30

250 315 ± 1.60 ± 2.60
315 400 ± 1.80 ± 2.85
400 500 ± 2.00 ± 3.15
>500 ... ± 5.00 ± 10.00

GENERAL NOTE: All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

NOTE:
(1) Nominal length is LT for continuous thread and clamping type studs, and L for tap end studs.

7
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ASME B18.31.1M-2005

MANDATORY APPENDIX I
STUD STRAIGHTNESS, REFEREE GAGE, AND GAGING
PROCEDURES

The conformance of stud straightness or camber limi- parallel space between the rails equal to this distance by
tations set forth in the product standards shall be obtaining common readings on both micrometer heads.
checked using the gage illustrated in Fig. I-1, in accor- The adjustable rail shall then be locked in place by tight-
dance with the following procedure: ening securing screws.
Allowable total camber on the stud to be inspected The stud shall then be placed between the rails so
shall be calculated in accordance with the product stan- that a length not to exceed one nominal diameter extends
dard by multiplying the specified permissible camber out of the gage. The stud shall be considered acceptable
by the overall length of the stud and expressing the for straightness if it can be rotated a full 360 deg by
result as a two-place decimal. The total camber thus hand. Any interference occurring between the stud and
calculated shall be added to the specified maximum gage that is sufficient to prevent rotation shall indicate
body or major thread diameters, whichever is larger, and excessive camber.
the adjustable rail of gage shall be adjusted to provide a

Reverse reading micrometer heads

Adjustable rail

Securing screws

Extended length Note (1)

not to exceed Note (1)
one nominal diameter

Maximum body or thread diameter

plus allowable total camber

NOTE:
(1) Gage must be of sufficient width and length to accommodate the diameter and entire length of the stud being gaged.

Fig. I-1 Typical Straightness Gage

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M18905
ASME B18.31.1M-2005