4.2, Semantic Network: + Formalism for representing information about objects, people, concepts and specific relationship between them, * The syntax of semantic net is simple. It is a network of labeled nodes and links. - It’s a directed graph with nodes corresponding to concepts, facts, objects ete. and - arcs showing relation or association between two concepts Page 1 of 29 CHRK + The commonly used links in semantic net are of the following types. - isa > — subclass of entity (e.g., child hospital is subclass of hospital) - inst > particular instance of a class (e.g., India is an instance of country) prop > property link (e.g., property of dog is ‘bark) 4.3, Representation of Knowledge in Sem Net “Every human, animal and bird is living thing who breathe and eat. All birds can fly. All man and woman are humans who have two legs. Cat is an animal and has a fur. All animals have skin and can move. Giraffe is an animal who is tall and has long legs. Parrot is a bird and is green in color”.4.3.2.Representation in Semantic Net Semantic NetA hame is 4 dala shuchwre which ¢ dg semanhe wla's - A fame consisls (ay) slots . A slo} consist 4 Sb) aume 4 pols. gheye axe 3 ype q yelahomsbips:. J, Ako i yastance 3 part-oF & Hos pilad fame (foot 4 fname » hopilal counhy ¢value dial thane No * (default 23 USOT) Address — (lelauf new Path) fweldv (defauh-r4z) the whe)4.7.Advance Knowledge Representation Techniques: 4.7.1.Conceptual Dependency (CD) © CD theory was developed by Schank in 1973 to 1975 to represent the meaning of NL sentences. = Ithelps in drawing inferences ~ Itis independent of the language © CD representation of a sentence is not built using words in the sentence rather built using conceptual primitives which give the intended meanings of words. * CD provides structures and specific set of primitives from which representation can be built.“+r the retinthipHetmeen a acter ad he eve eo the = Tins toma dependency: see ther ator nor een ane ‘Soalded pinay = The eter Pi the depen ink nica pan tena. rsa: setae Ly tA >, come tn 2 ae ACT eo Steers the relationship etme & ACT and a Pet) of ACT. {he specie ACT determines he meaning te oye ~ Haample: Joh pushed the ike CDRp ohne PROPEL bie “+ Ndr the retinaipbemee wo PP, eee whi lang to ‘he st dey he other + Baan: Jone dxtar comp Johns doctor Reeds mh ee “+ aren therein emer to Pen ef hi vies @ Parcair nd of mma oat he the ~ Te three most commen pest inormation tbe proved in thie ‘reyare poucnin| shown st POS BY cation ow 820, Set pipe consinment how a CONT ~ The diction ofthe row api ona the conc ng = mmple: Joh og pose come doe € John + Scrat Prana net Zi pememe! fs —- “+ amples doin cone Jn weg 84 mae me me th deserien the elatonhi etmen «Pandan atte hat alendy han een predicted a ~ Dueton toward P eng decried = uate: Sar Jona core Jn € amareRy> PP (to) Rule7: ACT [ PP (from) Page 17 of 29 ‘© It describes the relationship between an ACT and the source and the recipient of the ACT ‘© Example: John took the book from Mary R,> John CD Rep: John <> ATRANS - ond Mary book > PA Rule 8: PP + PA ‘# describes the relationship that describes the change in state, © Example: Tree grows size > C CD Rep: Tree { size =C => {x} Rule 9: ea h