CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE # (S-1)
Microscopic Analysis
HCV Worked out Examples (Chapter No. 32 - 1,3,5)

1. A copper wire of length L, and cross section area A carries a current I. If the specific resistance
of copper is ρ, the electric field in the wire is............
Ans. Iρ/A
V IR Iρ Iρ
Sol. E= = = =
  A. A

2. A copper wire carries a current density j ( = current per unit area). Assuming that n = No. of
free electrons per unit volume, e = electronic charge, < v > = average speed due to thermal
agitation. The distance which will be covered by an electron during its displacement l along the
wire......
Ans. S = en l <v> / j

Sol. t=
vd
distance travelled = (v)·t
 v ×  × neA
= =
S (v).
vd I
3. The total momentum of electrons in a straight wire of length l carrying a current I is
(mass of electron = me, charge of electron = e )
Ans. P = I me l/e
Sol. P = meVd I = nAeVd
I
Vd =
nAe
m e
⇒P= e and I=
t t
m e I
P=
e

4. A long conductor of circular cross-section has radius r and lenghtl as shown in the figure. The
conductivity of the material near the axis is σ1. and increases linearly with the distance from
axis and becomes σ2 near the surface. Find the resistance of the conductor if the current enters
from the one end and leaves from the other end.
σ2

σ1

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1 πr 2
Ans. = (2σ2 + σ1 )
R 3l
σ − σ1
Sol. σ(r) =σ1 + 2 .r
R


dR =
σ.2πrdr
1 1 σ2πrdr 2π  σ − σ1 
=
R eq ∫ dR
= ∫

= .  σ1 + 2
  R 
 .rdr

2π  σ 2 − σ1 2 
R R

  ∫0 ∫0 r dr 
=  1 σ rdr + .
R
2π  R 2 σ 2 − σ1 R 3 
= σ1. +
 
. 
2 R 3 

5. (a) The current density across a cylindrical conductor of radius R varies according to the
equation
 r 
J = J 0 1 −  , where r is the distance from the axis. Thus the current density is a maximum J0
 R
at the axis r = 0 and decreases linearly to zero at the surface r = R. Calculate the current in
terms of J0 and the conductor’s cross sectional area is A = πR2.
(b) Suppose that instead the current density is a maximum J0 at the surface and decreases
r
linearly to zero at the axis so that J = J 0 .Calculate the current.
R
Ans. (a) J0A / 3; (b) 2J0 A/3
 r
Sol. (a) I = ∫ J 0 1 −  .2πrdr
 R
R R 2
r 
= J 0 .2π  ∫ rdr − ∫ .dr 
0 0
R 
 R2 1 R3 
= J 0 .2π.  − . 
 2 R 3 
 R2 R2  R2
= J 0 .2π  − = π
3 
J 0 .2 .
 2 6

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
6. When radius of the copper wire is doubled, its specific resistance (ρ) will be......
Ans. Remains same
Sol. Resistivity is property of material.

7. Two conductors are made of the same material and have the same length. Conductor A is a
solid wire of diameter 1mm. Conductor B is a hollow tube of outer diameter 2mm and inner
diameter 1mm. Find the ratio of resistance RA to RB.
Ans. 3:1
ρ
Sol. RA =
π(0.5) 2
ρ
RB =
π 1 − (0.5) 2 
2

8. The earth’s surface has a negative surface charge density of 10–9 Cm–2. The potential difference
of 400 kV between the top of the atmosphere and the surface results (due to the low
conductivity of the lower atmosphere) in a current of only 1800 A over the entire globe. If there
were no mechanism of sustaining atmospheric electric field, how much time (roughly) would
be required to neutralise the earth’s surface ? (This never happens in practice because there is a
mechanism to replenish electric charges, namely the continual thunderstorms and lightning in
different parts of the globe).
(Radius of earth = 6.37 × 106 m.)
Ans. Take the radius of the earth = 6.37 × 106 m and obtain total charge of the globe. Divide it by
current to obtain time = 283 s. Still this method gives you only an estimate: it is not strictly
correct. Why?
2
σ = – 10–9c/m

400kV

Sol.
I = 1800A
R = 6.37 × 106 m
q = σA
⇒ q = –10–9 × 4πR2
= – 10–9 × 3.14 × 6.37 × 6. 37 × 1012 × 4
q ⇒ –127.4 × 103 × 4
q
So I=
t
127.4 ×103 × 4 1274 ×100
=t= = × 4 = 283 sec.
1800 1800

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 32- 6,10,12,14)

Ohm's Law and Circuit Analysis

HCV Worked out Examples (Chapter No. 32- 6,10,12,147,9,11,12,13,14,18,19,20,21,22)
9. (a) Given n resistors each of resistance R, how will you combine them to get the
(i) maximum
(ii) minimum effective resistance? What is the ratio of the maximum to minimum
resistance?
(b) Given the resistances of 1Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, how will be combine them to get an equivalent
resistance of
(i) (11/3) Ω (ii) (11/5) Ω (iii) 6Ω (iv) (6/11) Ω ?
(c) Determine the equivalent resistance of networks shown in Fig.
R
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω
R

R
2Ω 2Ω 2Ω 2Ω 2Ω R

R
(a) (b)

Ans. (a) (i) in series, (ii) all in parallel: n2.

(b) (i) Join 1Ω, 2Ω in parallel and the combination in series with 3Ω,
(ii) Parallel combination of 2Ω and 3Ω in series with 1Ω,
(iii) all in series,
(iv) all in parallel.
(c) (i) (16/3) Ω, (ii) 5 R.
Sol. (a) for setting maximum effective resistance
(i)
Rmax = nR
for minimum
nR
Ratio = = n2
R/n

R
Rmin = Reff =
n

2 11
(b)(i) So Req = +3= Ω
3 3

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1 1 1 5
(ii) = + =
R1 2 3 6
6
R1 =
5

6 11
Reff = +1= Ω
5 5

(iii) Reff = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Ω

1 1 1
(iv) R eff = + +
1 2 3

6
R eff= Ω
11

(c)

1 1 1
= +
R1 2 4
4
R1= Ω
3
4 4 4 4 16
R eff = + + + = Ω
3 3 3 3 3

Reff = 5R
10. Find the current I & voltage V in the circuit shown.
5Ω 7Ω
60V
41Ω 7Ω

0.4Ω
I V
20V
4Ω 8Ω

2Ω 10Ω

Ans. I = 2.5 A. V = 3.5 Volts

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Sol.

40
=
I = 2.5A
16
12i1 = 48 (2.5 – i1)
60 i1 = 48 × 2.5 i1 = 2A
v =7 × (2.5 – i1) = 3.5 v

11. Find the current through 25V cell & power supplied by 20V cell in the figure shown.
10V 5V 20V 30V

25V
10Ω

11Ω
5Ω

5Ω

Ans. 12A, –20W

Sol.
15 30 5
i1 = = 3A i2 = = 3A i3 = = 1A
5 10 5
55
=
i 4 = 5A
11
i25 = i1 + i2 + i3 + i4 = 12 A
P20 = –20i3 = – 20 × 1 = –20W

12. If a cell of constant E.M.F. produces the same amount of the heat during the same time in two
independent resistors R1 and R2, when they are separately connected across the terminals of the
cell, one after the another, find the internal resistance of the cell.
Ans. R 1R 2
Sol. P1 = P2
V2 V2
.R = .R 2
(R1 + r) 2 (R 2 + r) 2
1

R1(R2 + r)2 = R2(R1 + r)2

13. Find the resistor in which maximum heat will be produced.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
5Ω 5Ω

6Ω
4Ω
2Ω

V
Ans. 4Ω
1 1 1 1 1 4 13
Sol. + + = = + =
5 6 2 R eq 5 6 15

15
R eq= Ω
1
13

14. For what value of R in circuit, current through 4Ω resistance is zero.

R 4Ω

2Ω
4V 6V
10V

Ans. 1Ω
6
Sol. 10 – 2i – Ri – 4 = 0 i=
R+2
10 – 2i = 6 i=2

6
=2
R+2

15. In the circuit shown in figure the reading of ammeter is the same with both switches open as
with both closed. Then find the resistance R. (ammeter is ideal)
100Ω
A

R
50Ω

+ –
300Ω 1.5V
Ans. 600Ω
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1.5 10 1
Sol. i1 = = × 10−3 = A
450 3 300

1
+1.5 – 300i – 100 × =0
300
 1  1
R i − = 100 ×
 300  300
716
i=
300
7 
R  − 1 = 100
6 
R = 600Ω

16. An electrical circuit is shown in the figure. Calculate the potential difference across the
resistance of 400 ohm, as will be measured by the voltmeter V of resistance 400 ohm, either by
applying Kirchhoff’s rules or otherwise.
V
400Ω

100Ω 100Ω 200Ω

100Ω

10V
Ans. 20/3 V

Sol.
Wheat stone bridge
17. Find the current (in mA) in the wire between points A and B.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1kΩ 2kΩ
A

2kΩ 1kΩ

30V
Ans. 7.5 mA

Sol.

2 i1 = 1(i – i1)
1 i2 = 2(i – i2)
+ 30 – 103(i – i1) – 2 × 103 (i – i2) = 0

18. If the switches S1, S2 and S3 in the figure are arranged such that current through the battery is
minimum, find the voltage across points A and B.
6Ω 3Ω
6Ω
A
S2
S1
1Ω 9Ω 1Ω 1Ω
S3
24V
B
Ans. 1V

Sol.
24 24
i= = = 2A
1 + 6 + 4.5 + 0.5 12
vAB = 2 × 0.5 = 1V

19. A battery of emf ε0 = 10 V is connected across a 1 m long uniform wire having resistance
10Ω/m. Two cells of emf ε1 = 2V and ε2 = 4V having internal resistances 1Ω and 5Ω
respectively are connected as shown in the figure. If a galvanometer shows no deflection at the
point P, find the distance of point P from the point A.
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
10Ω

ε0 =10V
P
A B

1Ω
ε1 =2V G
5Ω
ε2=4V
Ans. 46.67 cm
2 4
+
Sol. E= 1 = 5 2.8
=
7
eq
1 1 1.2 3
+
1 5
10 × 10
=
VAB = 5V
10 + 10
x 7 7
= = = 46.67 cm
1 3 × 5 15

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 30 - 20,21,24,30,35,36,39,41,44,45,46)

Instruments
HCV Worked out Examples (Chapter No. 32- Q.29)
20. A potentiometer wire AB is 100 cm long and has a total resistance of 10 ohm. If the
galvanometer shows zero deflection at the position C, then find the value of unknown
resistance R.

10V

40 cm
C
A B
5V r=1Ω
G

R
Ans. 4 ohm
Sol. VAC = 0.4 × 10 = 4V
5 – i(1) = 4 i = 1A
i(R) = 4
R = 4Ω

21. In the figure shown for which values of R1 and R2 the balance point for Jockey is at 40 cm from
A. When R2 is shunted by a resistance of 10 Ω, balance shifts to 50 cm. Find R1 and R2.
(AB = 1 m):

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
R1 R2

A B

10
Ans. Ω, 5Ω
3
R1 0.4 2 2R
Sol. = = ⇒ R1 = 2
R 2 0.6 3 3
R 2 ×10 2R 2
=R1 =
R 2 + 10 3

22. A part of a circuit is shown in figure.

Here reading of ammeter is 5 ampere and voltmeter is 96V & voltmeter resistance is 480 ohm.
Then find the resistance R.
R
A

Ans. 20 ohm
96
Sol. R=eq = 19.2
5
480 × R
= 19.2
480 + R
R = 20Ω

23. An accumulator of emf 2 Volt and negligible internal resistance is connected across a uniform
wire of length 10m and resistance 30Ω. The appropriate terminals of a cell of emf 1.5 Volt and
internal resistance 1Ω is connected to one end of the wire, and the other terminal of the cell is
connected through a sensitive galvanometer to a slider on the wire. What length of the wire will
be required to produce zero deflection of the galvanometer ? How will the balancing change (a)
when a coil of resistance 5Ω is placed in series with the accumulator, (b) the cell of 1.5 volt is
shunted with 5Ω resistor?
Ans. 7.5 m, 8.75 m,6.25 m

Sol. (i)

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
 2  x 
   × 30 =1.5
 30  10 
x = 7.5m

(ii) (a)
 2  x 
  × 30  =1.5
 35  10 
35
=
x = 8.75
4

(b)
1.5
Potential diff. between A & B = ×5 =
1.25V
6
 2  x 
So   × 30  =1.25
 30  10 
x = 6.25m

24. In the circuit shown in figure potential difference between point A and B is 16V. Find the
current passing through 2Ω resistance.
4Ω 9V 1Ω 3V 4Ω
A B

2Ω
Ans. 3.5 A

Sol.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
9 0
+
9 18
E eq= 1 2= = = 6V
1 1 3 3
+
1 2 2

1× 2 2
=
req =
3 3
2
16 – 4i – 6 – i + 30 – 4i = 0
3
 2 
13 =  4 + 4  i
 3 
26 3
13 = i i= A
3 2

25. A network of resistance is constructed with R1 & R2 as shown in the figure. The potential at the
points 1, 2, 3,.. N are V1, V2, V3,.., Vn respectively each having a potential k time smaller than
previous one. Find :
V0 R1 V1 R1 V2 R1 V3 VN–1 R1 VN

V0 = kV1 R2 R2 R2 R2 R3

R1 R
(i) and 2 in terms of k.
R2 R3
(ii) Current that passes through the resistance R2 nearest to the V0 in terms V0, k & R3.
(k − 1) 2 k ((k − 1) / k 2 )v0
Ans. (i) , (ii)
k (k − 1) R3
V0 V1 V2 V3 Vn−1 Vn
I R1 I
R1 1 R1 R1 V0 V1 V2
Sol. =
Given V1 = , V2 = , V3 d ; I = I1 + I2
R2 R2 R2 R2 R3 k k k
I2

Vo − V1 V1 − V2 V1 − 0 V − V1 / k V0 / k − V0 / k 2 V0 / k R1 ( k − 1)
2

= + ⇒ 0 = + ⇒ =
R1 R1 R2 R1 R1 R2 R2 k

26. The resistance of the galvanometer G in the circuit is 25Ω. The meter deflects full scale for a
current of 10 mA. The meter behaves as an ammeter of three different ranges. The range is
0 – 10A, if the terminals O and P are taken; range is 0 – 1A between O and Q; range is 0 – 0.1A
between O and R. Calculate the resistance R1, R2 and R3.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
G

R1 R2 R3

+ 10A 1A 0.1A
O P Q R

Ans. R1 = 0.0278Ω, R2 = 0.25Ω, R3 = 2.5Ω

Sol.
For O–r (0.1 – ig) (R1 + R2 + R3) = ig × 25
for O-Q (1 – ig) (R1 + R2) = ig (25 + R3)
for O-P (10 – ig) R1 = ig (25 + R2 + R3)

27. A galvanometer having 50 divisions provided with a variable shunt s is used to measure the
current as a ammeter when connected in series with a resistance of 90 Ω and a battery of
internal resistance 10Ω. It is observed that when the shunt resistance are 10Ω, 50Ω,
respectively the deflection are respectively 9 & 30 divisions. What is the resistance of the
galvanometer? Further if the full scale deflection of the galvanometer movement is 300 mA,
find the emf of the cell.
Ans. 233.3Ω, 144V

Sol.
Let full scale deflection is ig
9
i g=
R g 10(i1 − i g )
50
30
i g=
R g 50(i 2 − i g )
50

28. A galvanometer (coil resistance 99Ω) is converted into a ammeter using a shunt of 1Ω and
connected as shown in the figure (i). The ammeter reads 3A. The same galvanometer is
converted into a voltmeter by connected a resistance of 101Ω in series. This voltmeter is
connected as shown in figure (ii). Its reading is found to be 4/5 of the full scale reading. Find
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
12V 12V r
r

2Ω
A

V
2Ω
Fig (i) Fig (ii)

(i) internal resistance r of the cell (ii) range of the ammeter and voltmeter
(iii) full scale deflection current of the galvanometer
Ans. (i) 1.01Ω (ii) 0-5A, 0-10V, (iii) 0.05 A
1× 99
Sol. (i) rA = = 0.99A
100
12
3=
r + 2 + 0.99

⇒ r + 2.99 = 4
r = 1.01 Ω
(ii) rv = 99 + 101 = 200 W
12
=i = 4A
2 × 200
1.01 +
200

V = 8V
5
Range of voltmeter = × 8 = 10V
4
Range of ammeter = 5A
(ii) 1(5 – ig) = 99 ig
5 = 100 ig
ig = 0.05 A

29. In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.25 V gives a balaqnce point at 35.0 cm length
of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0 cm, what
is the emf of the second cell ?
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans. 2.25 V
1.25 0.35
Sol. =
ε2 0.63
1.25 × 0.63
ε2 = = 2.25V
0.35

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 32 – 50,51,52,54,55,56)

Joule Heating
HCV Worked out Examples (Chapter No. 33 – 2,3)
30. The coil of a calorimeter C has a resistance of R1 = 60Ω. The coil R1 is connected to the circuit
as shown in figure. What is the rise in temperature (°C) of 240 grams of water poured into the
calorimeter when it is heated for 7 minutes during which a current flows through the coil and
the ammeter shows 3A? The resistance R2=30Ω. [Disregard the resistances of the battery and
the ammeter, and the heat losses and heat capacity of the calorimeter and the resistor and
specific heat of water = 4200 J/kg°C]
ε

A
R2

R1
C

Ans. 025
Sol. Current in 60Ω resistance = 1A
∴ Q = i2Rt = (1)2 × 60 × 7 × 60 J
∴ Q = mS∆T ⇒∆T = 25°C

31. An electric kettle has two windings. When one of them is switched on, the water in the kettle
begins to boil in 15 minutes, and when the other is switched on it takes 30 minutes for water to
boil. If the two windings are joined in series and switched on, water in the kettle begin to boil
α
in hr. Assuming no heat loss to the surrounding find the value of α.
4
Ans. 3
Sol. Let the resistance of winding 1 & 2 are R1 & R2 respectively
V2
∴ When winding 1 is present, P =
R1
V2
∴ mwater Lf = ×15 ....(i)
R1

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
2
V
For 2nd winding, P =
R2
V2
∴ mwaterLf = × 30 ...(ii)
R2
when the winding are joined in series,
Req = (R1 + R2)
V2
∴P=
(R1 + R 2 )
 V2 
∴ mwater Lf =  t ...(iii)
 R1 + R 2 
From (i), (ii) & (iii) , t = 45 min.
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 33 – 5,6,8,9)

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXERCISE # (S-2)

1. A long cylinder with uniformly charged surface and cross sectional radius a = 1.0 cm moves
with a constant velocity v = 10 m/s, along its axis. An electric field strength at the surface of
the cylinder is equal to E = 0.9 KV/cm. Find the resulting covection current, that is, the current
caused by mechanical transfer of charge.
Ans. 5 × 10–7 a

2. The current I through a rod of a certain metallic oxide is given by I = 0.2 V5/2, where V is the
potential difference across it. The rod is connected in series with a resistance to a 6V battery of
negligible internal resistance. What value should the series resistance have so that :
(i) the current in the circuit is 0.44
(ii) the power dissipated in the rod is twice that dissipated in the resistance.
Ans. (i) 10.52Ω ; (ii) 0.3125 Ω
V=(5I)2/5
R
I

Sol. 6V
(i) 6 – IR – (5I)2/5 = 0
I = 0.44(given)
6 = 0.44R – (2.2)2/5
⇒ R= 10.52Ω

(ii) V.I = 2(I2R) ...(1)

6 – I × R – (5I)2/5 =0 ...(2)
from Ist
(5I)2/5 = 2IR ...(3)
From 2 & 3
6 – 3IR = 0
⇒ IR = 2volt ...(4)
From 3 & 4
(5I)2/5 = 4
32
⇒I= ...(5)
5
from 4 & 5
10
R= = 0.3125Ω
32

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
3. A person decides to use his bath tub water to generate electric power to run a 40 watt bulb. The
bath tub is located at a height of 10 m from the ground & it holds 200 litres of water. If we
install a water driven wheel generator on the ground, at what rate should the water drain from
the bath tub to light bulb? How long can we keep the bulb on, if the bath tub was full initially.
The efficiency of generatoris 90%. (g = 10m/s2)
Ans. 4/9 kg/ sec., 450 sec.
dm
Sol. Let the water flow at Rate
dt
dm
(i) η× × gh = 40
dt
90 dm
× ×g×h = 40
100 dt
dm 4
⇒ = kg/sec.
dt 9
dm
(ii) ρ. × t = ρ ×200
dt
4
× t = 200
9
t = 450 sec.

4. In the circuit shown in figure, calculate the following :

(i) Potential difference between points a and b when switch S is open.
(ii) Current through S in the circuit when S is closed.
36V

6Ω 3Ω

a S b

3Ω 6Ω

Ans. (i) Vab = –12 V, (ii) 3 amp from b to a

Sol. (i) When switch is open.
36
Current in each arm ⇒ i = = 4A
9
∴ VA = 36 – 4× 6 = 12 A
VB = 36 – 4 × 3 = 24A
VAB = 12 – 24 = –12A
(ii) When switch is closed
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 19
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Req = 4Ω
36
Inet = =9A
4

6Ω 3A 6A 3Ω

a b

3Ω 6A 3A 6Ω

∴ 3A current will blow from b to a.

5. An ideal cell having a steady emf of 2 volt is connected across the potentiometer wire of length
10 m. The potentiometer wire is of magnesium and having resistance of 11.5 Ω/m. An another
cell gives a null point at 6.9 m. If a resistance of 5Ω is put in series with potentiometer wire,
find the new position of the null point.
Ans. 7.2 m
Sol. RP = 11.5 Ω/m
2
IP = A
11.5
2
VP = ×11.5A = 2 Volt
11.5
VP 2
= = 0.2 v/m
 10
Ecell = 0.2 × 6.9 = 1.38 ...(1)
if r = 5Ω is put is series.
2
I'P = A
120
2 115
VP' = ×115 = V
120 60
VP' 115
=
 600
VP' 1.38 × 600
=
E cell ×x ⇒ x =
 115
⇒ x = 7.2 m

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
6. Find the potential difference VA – VB for the circuit shown in the figure.
1V 1V B 1V 1V

1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω
A
1V 1V 1V 1V
22
Ans. − Vn
9
x + 4 − 4 (x + 3 − 4) x (x + 2 − 3) x x + 1 − 2 x x − 1 x
Sol. + + + + + + + + =0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5x + 4 (x – 1) = 0
9x – 4 = 0
4
x= V
9

22
VA – VB = –(x + 2 – 0) = − V
9

7. A resistance R of thermal coefficient of resistivity = α is connected in parallel with a resistance

= 3R, having thermal coefficient of resistivity = 2α. Find the value of αeff .
5
Ans. α eff = α
4
R(1+α∆θ)
R1
R2

Sol. 3R(1+2α∆θ)
3R × R 3R
Req = = ....(1)
3R + R 4
1 1 1
= +
R eq R1 R 2
1 1 1
2
=.dR eq 2
dR1 + 2 dR 2
R eq R1 R2
16dR eq Rα∆θ 6Rα∆θ
= +
9R 2 R2 9R 2

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
15
=
dR eq Rα∆θ
16
3R  5α 
=   ∆θ
4  4 
3R
dR=eq α eff ∆θ
4
5α
⇒ α eff =
4

8. The circuit of a carbon arc lamp is shown in the figure (to ignite the lamp the carbon electrodes
are touched together, then they are slowly drawn apart.) The voltage across the gap between the
carbon rods as a function of the current can be given by the following formula : V = A + B/I,
where A and B are constants.

R
+ –
V0
If the voltage of the battery V0 can be considered constant what is the maximum resistance of
the rheostat Rmax, that should be connected in series to ignite the lamp.
Data : A = 40 V, B = 20 W, V0 = 100 V
Ans. Rmax = 45Ω
B
Sol. V=A+
I
20
100 = 40 + ....(1)
I
V0 = V + IR
20
100 = 40 + + IR
I
60I = 20 + I2R
⇒ I2R – 60I + 20 = 0
⇒ (60)2 – 4(20)(R) ≥ 0
3600
Rmax = = 45Ω
4 × 20

9. In the primary circuit of potentiometer the rheostat can be varied from 0 to 10Ω. Initially it is at
minimum resistance (zero)

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
10V 1Ω

10Ω

9Ω P
A B
12m
G
r
4.5V S

2Ω

(i) Find the length AP of the wire such that the galvanometer shows zero deflection.
(ii) Now the rheostat is put at maximum resistance (10Ω) and the switch S is closed.
New balancing length is found to 8m. Find the internal resistance r of the 4.5V cell.
Ans. (a) 6 M, (b) 1Ω
Sol. Initially
10
IAB = = 1A
10
VAB = 9Ω(IAB) = 9V
VAB 9
= v/m
 12
9
ε = 4.5 = x ×
12
x=6m
(ii) Switch is closed
4.5 × 2 + 0 × r
Hence Eeq =
2+r
9
Eeq =
2+r
RH =10Ω
10 1
∴= I'AB = A
20Ω 2
9
VAB'
= v/m
2
'
VAB 9
=
 24
'
VAB
×8 =E eq

9 9
×8 =
24 2+r
⇒ r = 1Ω

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
10. Relation between current in conductor and time is shown in figure then determine.
(i) Total charge flow through the conductor
(ii) Write expression of current in terms of time
(iii) If resistance of conductor is R then total heat dissipated across resistance R is
i
i0

t
t0

1  t  Rt 0i 02
Ans. (i) i 0 t 0 ; =
(ii) i i0 1 −  ; (iii)
2  t0  3
i
i0

Sol. t0 t
t0

(i) q = ∫ i.dt ....(1)

0

i0
i = i0 – t
t0
 1 
i = i0 1 − t ....(2)
 t0 
 t 
t0

q= ∫ i. 1 − t
0
.dt
0 

i0 t 0
⇒ q=
2
 t 
(ii) i = i0 1 − 
 t0 
equation of straight line
t0

∫ i .R.dt
2
(iii) H =
0

t
 t 2 2t 
= ∫ i 02 1 + 2 −  .dt
0  t0 t0 

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
2
Rt i
⇒ 0 0

11. A total charge Q flows across a resistor R during a time interval T in such a way that the
current v/s time graph for 0 → T is like the loop of a sin curve in the range 0 → π. What will be
the total heat generated in the resistor.
Q 2 π2 R
Ans.
8T
Sol. i = i0sin(t), T = π
T
Q = ∫ i.dt
0
T
Q = ∫ i 0 sin(t).dt
0

= i 0 [ − cos(t) ]0
π

Q = 2i0
Q
i0 =
2
T
H = ∫ i 2 .R.dt
0

2
Q 
T
= ∫  0 sin(t)  .R.dt
0 
2
T
Q02 R
=
4 0 ∫ sin 2 (t).dt

Q02 Rπ2
⇒ H=
8T

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE # (O-1)
Microscopic Analysis
1. Two wires each of radius of cross section r but of different materials are connected together end
to end (in series). If the densities of charge carriers in the two wires are in the ratio 1 : 4, the
drift velocity of electrons in the two wires will be in the ratio:
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 1 : 4
Ans. C
Sol. i = neAvd

2. An insulating pipe of cross-section area 'A' contains an electrolyte which has two types of
ions, their charges being –e and +2e. A potential difference applied between the ends of the
pipe result in the drifting of the two types of ions, having drift speed = v (–ve ion) and v/4
(+ve ion). Both ions have the same number per unit volume = n. The current flowing through
the pipe is
(A) nevA/2 (B) nevA/4 (C) 5nevA/2 (D) 3nevA/2
Ans. D
Av neAv
=
Sol. =
i + n(2 e)
4 2
= =
i − n(e) Av neAv
inet = i+ + i–

3. A current I flows through a uniform wire of diameter d when the mean electron drift velocity is
V. The same current will flow through a wire of diameter d/2 made of the same material if the
mean drift velocity of the electron is :
(A) v/4 (B) v/2 (C) 2v (D) 4v
Ans. D
I I
d d/2
V V'
Sol.
2
d
I = nAeV and I = nπ   eV ' …(2)
4
2
d
= nπ   eV …(1)
4

d2
nπeV
By (1)/(2) 1= 4 = V ' = 4V
d2
nπ eV '
16

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
4. A wire has a non-uniform cross-section as shown in figure. A steady current flows through it.
The drift speed of electrons at points P and Q is vP and vQ.

(A) vP = vQ (B) vP < vQ (C) vP > vQ (D) Data insufficient

Ans. C
Sol. AP < AQ ⇒ vP > vQ

5. A uniform copper wire carries a current i amperes and has p carriers per metre3. The length of
the wire is metres and its cross-section area is s metre2. If the charge on a carrier is q coulombs,
the drift velocity in ms–1 is given by
(A) i/sq (B) i/psq (C) psq/i (D) i/psq
Ans. B


I S
P
Sol.
I = nAeVd n=P
I = PSqVd A=S
e=q
I
Vd = Vd =
PSq

6. The current in a metallic conductor is plotted against voltage at two different temperatures T1
and T2. Which is correct.

(A) T1 > T2 (B) T1 < T2 (C) T1 = T2 (D) None of these

Ans. B
Sol. R↑, T↑

Ohm's Law and Circuit Analysis

7. A storage battery is connected to a charger for charging with a voltage of 12.5Volts. The
internal resistance of the storage battery is 1Ω. When the charging current is 0.5 A, the emf of
the storage battery is:
(A) 13 Volts (B) 12.5 Volts (C) 12 Volts (D) 11.5 Volts
Ans. C

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Sol.
12.5 – e – i(1) = 0
e = 12.5 – 0.5 × 1
e = 12 V

8. Under what condition current passing through the resistance R can be increased by short
circuiting the battery of emf E2. The internal resistances of the two batteries are r1 and r2
respectively.

(A) E2r1 > E1 (R + r2) (B) E1r2 > E2 (R + r1)

(C) E2r2 > E1 (R + r2) (D) E1r1 > E2 (R + r1)
Ans. B
ε +ε
Sol. i1 = 1 2
r1 + r2 + R
i1 < i2
ε
i2 = 2
r1 + R

9. A battery consists of a variable number n of identical cells having internal resistance connected
in series. The terminals of the battery are short circuited and the current I measured. Which one
of the graph below shows the relationship between I and n?

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Ans. D

Sol.
nε1 – i(nr) = 0
ε
i= 1
r

10. In previous problem, if the cell had been connected in parallel (instead of in series) which of
the above graphs would have shown the relationship between total current I and n?

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Ans. A

Sol.
nε1
I=
r

11. In the figure shown, battery 1 has emf = 6 V and internal resistance = 1 Ω. Battery 2 has
emf = 2V and internal resistance = 3 Ω. The wires have negligible resistance. What is the
potential difference across the terminals of battery 2 ?

(A) 4 V (B) 1.5 V (C) 5 V (D) 0.5 V

Ans. C

Sol.
+6 – 3i – 2 – 1i = 0
i=1
V2 = 2 + 3 = 5V

12. A circuit is comprised of eight identical batteries and a resistor R = 0.8Ω. Each battery has an
emf of 1.0 V and internal resistance of 0.2Ω. The voltage difference across any of the battery is

(A) 0.5V (B) 1.0V (C) 0 V (D) 2 V

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans.. C

Sol.
E = 1V, r = 0.2 Ω
4E – 4ir = V
0.8 i = V
–4E + 4r (i – i1) = V
V=0

13. A wire of length L and 3 identical cells of negligible internal resistances are connected in
series. Due to the current, the temperature of the wire is raised by ∆T in time t. N number of
similar cells is now connected in series with a wire of the same material and cross section but
of length 2L. The temperature of the wire is raised by the same amount DT in the same time t.
The value of N is :
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9
Ans. B
(3 v) 2
Sol. =
t ms∆T ...(1)
r
(Nv) 2
= t 2ms∆T ...(2)
2R

(1)
⇒N = 36 =6
(2)

14. A wire of cross-section area A, length L1, resistivity ρ1 and temperature coefficient of
resistivity α1 is connected to a second wire of length L2, resistivity ρ2, temperature coefficient
of resistivity α2 and the same area A, so that wire carries same current. Total resistance R is
independent of temperature for small temperature change if (Thermal expansion effect is
negligible)
(A) α1 = –α2 (B) ρ1L1α1+ρ2L2α2=0
(C) L1α1 + L2 α2 = 0 (D) None of these
Ans. B

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
ρ1, L1, A1, α1 ρ2, L2, A2, α2

Sol.
ρ1L1 ρL
R1 = R2 = 2 2
A A
for some current temp change same ↑ so
R=R11 R1 (1 + α1∆ T) and =
R12 R 2 (1 + α 2 ∆ T)
So, R11 + R12 =
R
⇒ R1 + α1R

15. Resistances R1 and R2 each 60Ω are connected in series as shown in figure. The Potential
difference between A and B is kept 120 volt. Then what will be the reading of voltmeter
connected between the point C & D if resistance of voltmeter is 120Ω.

(A) 48 V (B) 24 V (C) 40V (D) None of these

Ans. A
Sol. Req = R1 + R2 || RV
= 60 + 60||120

= 100Ω
i = 1.2 A
Voltmeter reading = i (R2 || RV)
= 1.2 (60 || 120)
= 1.2 × 40 = 48 V

16. Consider an infinite ladder network shown in figure. A voltage V is applied between the points
A and B. This applied value of voltage is halved after each section.

(A) R1/R2 = 1 (B) R1/R2 = 1/2 (C) R1/R2 = 2 (D) R1/R2 = 3

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans. B

Sol.
RAB = RCD
RAB = R

 R2 
RAB = R = R1 + R  
 R2 + R 
R2 – R1R – R1R2 = 0
R1 ± R12 + 4R1R 2
R=
2
V
i = AB
R
V
V=R =
iR 1
1
2
 2V  V R 1
  R1 = ⇒ on solving, 1 =
 R1 + R12 + 4R1R 2  2 R2 2

17. In the given circuit the current flowing through the resisitance 20 ohms is 0.3 ampere while the
ammetre reads 0.8 ampere. What is the value of R1?

(A) 30 ohms (B) 40 ohms (C) 50 ohms (D) 60 ohms

Ans. D

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Sol.
20 × 0.3 = 15 i1
20 × 0.3
=i1 = 0.4A
15

18. A brass disc and a carbon disc of same radius are assembled alternatively to make a cylindrical
conductor. The resistance of the cylinder is independent of the temperature. The ratio of
thickness of the brass disc to that of the carbon disc is [α is temperature coefficient of
resistance & Neglect linear expansion ]
α C ρC α CρB α BρC α Bρ B
(A) (B) (C) (D)
α Bρ B α BρC α CρB α C ρC
Ans. A
ρ
Sol. R=
A
dR dρ d
= +
R ρ 
⇒ ∆ρB + ∆ρC = 0
⇒ ρBαBB + ρCαCC =0
 B α C ρC
⇒ =
 C α Bρ B

19. In the circuit shown, what is the potential difference VPQ?

(A) + 3V (B) + 2V (C) –2V (D) None of these

Ans. B

Sol.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
20. In the circuit shown in figure reading of voltmeter is V1 when only S1 is closed, reading of
voltmeter is V2 when only S2 is closed. The reading of voltmeter is V3 when both S1 and S2 are
closed then

(A) V2 > V1 > V3 (B) V3 > V2 > V1 (C) V3 > V1 > V2 (D) V1 > V2 > V3
Ans. A

Sol.
S1 closed
V1 = (3R) i
E
i=
4R

3E
V1 =
4
S2 closed
E
i=
7R

 E  6
=V2 (6 = R)   E
 7R  7
S1 and S2 closed

 E  2E
=V3 =  2R
 3R  3

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
So, V2 > V1 > V3

21. One end of a Nichrome wire of length 2L and cross-sectional area A is attatched to an end of
another Nichrome wire of length L and cross-sectional area 2A. If the free end of the longer
wire is at an electric potential of 8.0 volts, and the free end of the shorter wire is at an electric
potential of 1.0 volt, the potential at the junction of the two wires is equal to
(A) 2.4 V (B) 3.2 V (C) 4.5 V (D) 5.6 V
Ans. A
(2 L) (L)
Sol. R1 = ρ R2 = ρ
A (2 A)
5 ρL
Req = R1 + R2 =
2 A
V 7 2A 14 A
i= =× =
R 5 ρL 5 ρL

Using KVL
 2ρL   14 A 
8−  =V0
 A   5 ρL 
28
V0 = 8 −
5
12
=
V0 = V 2.4V
5

22. In the diagram resistance between any two junctions is R. Equivalent resistance across
terminals A and B is

11R 18R 7R 11R

(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 11 11 18
Ans. D

Sol.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
4R
R×
3 4R | 4R
= R+
7R 7 ↓ 3
3

11R
R×
7 11R
=R eq =
11R 18
R+
7

23. A cell of emf E has an internal resistance r & is connected to rheostat. When resistance R of
rheostat is changed correct graph of potential difference across it is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. D
R
A B

Sol. E r
VAB = T(R – r)
We known R↑ So voltage drop also ↑ So
V↑

→
R
24. The battery in the diagram is to be charged by the generator G. The generator has a terminal
voltage of 120 volts when the charging current is10 amperes. The battery has an emf of 100
volts and an internal resistance of 1 ohm. In order to charge the battery at 10 amperes charging
current, the resistance R should be set at

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(A) 0.1 Ω (B) 0.5 Ω (C) 1.0 Ω (D) 5.0 Ω
Ans. C
Sol. 120 – 100 = i(R + 1)
R = 1Ω

25. Which of the following wiring diagrams could be used to experimentally determine R using
ohm's law? Assume an ideal voltmeter and an ideal ammeter.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. B
Sol. Connect voltmeter in parallel and ammeter in series.

26. In the circuit shown in the figure, the current through :

(A) the 3Ω resistor is 0.50 A (B) the 3Ω resistor is 0.25 A

(C) 4 Ω resistor is 0.50 A (D) the 4Ω resistor is 0.25 A
Ans. D

Sol.
9
i= = 1A
9

Instruments
27. In the figure shown the power generated in y is maximum when y = 5Ω. Then R is

(A) 2 Ω (B) 6 Ω (C) 5 Ω (D) 3Ω

Ans. D
Sol. 5 = R + 2 ⇒ R = 3Ω

28. The variation of current (I) and voltage (V) is as shown in figure A. The variation of power P
with current I is best shown by which of the following graph

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. B
Sol. V ∝ I2
P ∝ VI ∝ I3

29. When an ammeter of negligible internal resistance is inserted in series with circuit it reads 1A.
When the voltmeter of very large resistance is connected across X it reads 1V. When the point
A and B are shorted by a conducting wire, the voltmeter measures 10 V across the battery. The
internal resistance of the battery is equal to
X Y
A B

12V
(A) zero (B) 0.5 Ω (C) 0.2 Ω (D) 0.1 Ω
Ans. C
12
Sol. i= = 1 Amp
(r + X + Y)

(r + X + Y) = 12
VX=1V = iX =1× X
X = 1Ω
r + Y = 11
Now, A and B are shorted
VX = iX
12
10 = X
(X + r)
6
1+ r =
5
1
r=
5
r = 0.2Ω

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Joule Heating
30. Power generated across a uniform wire connected across a supply is H. If the wire is cut into n
equal parts and all the parts are connected in parallel across the same supply, the total power
generated in the wire is
H H
(A) 2 (B) n2H (C) nH (D)
n n
Ans. B

Sol.
2 V2
u=i R=
R

R
R eq =
n2
V2
H' = = n2H
R eq

31. When electric bulbs of same power, but different marked voltage are connected in series across
the power line, their brightness will be :
(A) proportional to their marked voltage
(B) inversely proportional to their marked voltage
(C) proportional to the square of their marked voltage
(D) inversely proportional to the square of their marked voltage
Ans. C
Sol. P1 = P2 = P0 (say)
V12 V22
=P0 =
R1 R 2
 V2   V2 
R1 =  1  R2 =  2 
 P0   P0 
When connected in series (i1 = i2)
i2V2
Power dissipated by bulb-1 = i2R1= 1
P0
i 2 V22
Power dissipated by bulb-2 = i2R2 =
P0
P ∝ V2 (Marked voltage)

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
32. Two bulbs rated (25 W – 220V) and (100W – 220V) are connected in series to a 440 V line.
Which one is likely to fuse?
(A) 25 W bulb (B) 100 W bulb (C) both bulbs (D) None of these
Ans. A
2202 2202
Sol. R1 = , R2 =
25 100
2
 400 
= P1   × R1
 R1 + R 2 

2
 400 
=P2   × R2
 R1 + R 2 

33. Rate of dissipation of Joule’s heat in resistance per unit volume is (symbols have usual
meaning)
(A) σ E (B) σ J (C) J E (D) None of these
Ans. C
H I 2 R I 2 .ρ I 2 .ρ 2
Sol. = = = = J ρ = JE
V V A..A A 2

34. If the length of the filament of a heater is reduced by 10%, the power of the heater will
(A) increase by about 9% (B) increase by about 11%
(C) increase by about 19% (D) decrease by about 10%
Ans. B
V2A
Sol. P1 =
ρ
V2A (1.1) V 2 A
= P2 =
ρ(0.9) ρ
35. Two bulbs one of 200 volts, 60 watts & the other of 200 volts, 100 watts are connected in series
to a 200 volt supply. The power consumed will be
(A) 37.5 watt (B) 160 watt (C) 62.5 watt (D) 110 watt
Ans. A
2002
Sol. R1 =
60

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

2002
R2 =
100
2002 2002 100 × 60
P=
= =
(R1 + R 2 ) 200 2
200 2
160
+
60 100

36. Three 60 W light bulbs are mistakenly wired in series and connected to a 120 V power supply.
Assume the light bulbs are rated for single connection to 120 V. With the mistaken connection,
the power dissipated by each bulb is:
(A) 6.7 W (B) 13.3 W (C) 20 W (D) 40 W
Ans. A
60W,120V 60W,120V 60W,120V

Sol. 120V
Resistance of the bulb is
V 2 120 ×120
R= =
p 60
R = 240Ω
Now the circuit is
240Ω 240Ω 240Ω

120V
V
I=
R
120 1
⇒ = A
720 6
Now power across R1 is
1 20
P1 = I2R1 = × 240 = = 6.67W
36 3

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
37. In a galvanometer, the deflection becomes one half when the galvanometer is shunted by a 20Ω
resistor. The galvanometer resistance is

(A) 5 Ω (B) 10 Ω (C) 40 Ω (D) 20 Ω

Ans. D
i i
Sol.   R g =   20
2 2
Rg = 20 Ω

38. A galvanometer has a resistance of 20Ω and reads full-scale when 0.2 V is applied across it. To
convert it into a 10 A ammeter, the galvanometer coil should have a
(A) 0.01Ω resistor connected across it
(B) 0.02Ω resistor connected across it
(C) 200Ω resistor connected in series with it
(D) 2000 Ω resistor connected in series with it
Ans. B
Sol. 5(10 – ig) = ig × 20

0.2
× 20
5 = 20
0.2
10 −
200
0.2
=  0.02Ω
10 − 0.01

39. A milliammeter of range 10 mA and resistance 9 Ω is joined in a circuit as shown. The metre
gives full-scale deflection for current I when A and B are used as its terminals, i.e., current
enters at A and leaves at B (C is left isolated). The value of I is

(A) 100 mA (B) 900 mA (C) 1 A (D) 1.1 A

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans. C

×
10mA y
I I–10mA
Sol.
R1 = 0.1Ω
R2 = 0.9Ω
R3 = 9Ω
So VAB = Vxy
⇒ (I – 10 × 10–3)R1 = (R2 + R3) × 10 × 10–3
⇒ (I – 10 × 10–3) × 0.1 = 9.9 × 10 × 10–3
I = 990 × 10–3 + 10 × 10–3
I = 1A

40. A galvanometer coil has a resistance 90 Ω and full scale deflection current 10 mA. A 910Ω
resistance is connected in series with the galvanometer to make a voltmeter. If the least count
of the voltmeter is 0.1V, the number of divisions on its scale is
(A) 90 (B) 91 (C) 100 (D) None of these
Ans. C
Sol. F.S.D. of voltmeter = (10 × 10–3) (90 + 910) = 10 V
10
No. of divisions = = 100
0.1

41. By error, a student places moving-coil voltmeter V (nearly ideal) in series with the resistance in
a circuit in order to read the current, as shown. The voltmeter reading will be

(A) 0 (B) 4V (C) 6V (D) 12V

Ans. D
E = 12V, r = 2Ω

V
Sol. 4Ω
– 4I – V – 2I + 12 = 0
I = 0 because Rv = ∞ So
= V = 12v

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
42. In a balanced wheat stone bridge, current in the galvanometer is zero. It remains zero when:
[1] battery emf is increased
[2] all resistances are increased by 10 ohms
[3] all resistances are made five times
[4] the battery and the galvanometer are interchanged
(A) only [1] is correct (B) [1], [2] and [3] are correct
(C) [1], [3] and [4] are correct (D) [1] and [3] are correct
Ans. C

P Q

R S

Sol.
In balanced wheat stone bridge
P R
=
Q S
If this equation satisfy always current zero is Galvanometer

43. A Wheatstone's bridge is balanced with a resistance of 625 Ω in the third arm, where P, Q and S
are in the 1st, 2nd and 4th arm respectively. If P and Q are interchanged, the resistance in the third
arm has to be increased by 51Ω to secure balance. The unknown resistance in the fourth arm is

(A) 625 Ω (B) 650 Ω (C) 676 Ω (D) 600 Ω

Ans. B
P S
Sol. =
Q 625
Q S P (625 + 51)
= =
⇒
P (625 + 51) Q S
S 676
=
625 S
S2 = 625 × 676
S = 25 × 26 = 650 Ω

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
44. The figure shows a metre-bridge circuit, with AB = 100 cm, X = 12Ω and R = 18Ω, and the
jockey J in the position of balance. If R is now made 8Ω, through what distance will J have to
be moved to obtain balance?

(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 40 cm

Ans. B
X R 12 18
Sol. = ⇒=
1 100 − 1 1 100 − 1

45. A 6 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a uniform wire of length 1 m.
The positive terminal of another battery of emf 4V and internal resistance 1 Ω is joined to the
point A as shown in figure. The ammetershows zero deflection when the jockey touches the
wire at the point C. TheAC is equal to

(A) 2/3 m (B) 1/3 m (C) 3/5 m (D) 1/2 m

Ans. A
AC 4
Sol. =
1 6
2
⇒ AC = m
3
46. A potentiometer wire has length 10 m and resistance 10Ω. It is connected to a battery of EMF
11 volt and internal resistance 1 Ω, then the potential gradient in the wire is
(A) 10 V/m (B) 1 V/m (C) 0.1 V/m (D) none
Ans. B
11
Sol. ∆V = = 1V × 10 = 10V
1 + 10
10
Potential gradient = = 1V/m
10

47. The length of a potentiometer wire is l. A cell of emf E is balanced at a length l/3 from the
positive end of the wire. If the length of the wire is increased by l/2. At what distance will the
same cell give a balance point.
2l l l 4l
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 2 6 3
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans. B
V 1 ε
Sol. = ⇒V=
ε 3 3
ε
X
3 =⇒ 1  3  
  =
ε 3 3 2  2
2

48. An ammeter A of finite resistance, and a resistor R are joined in series to an ideal cell C. A
potentiometer P is joined in parallel to R. The ammeter reading is I0 and the potentiometer
reading is V0. P is now replaced by a voltmeter of finite resistance. The ammeter reading now
is I and the volt meter reading is V.
C

R
A

P
(A) I > I0, V < V0 (B) I > I0, V = V0 (C) I = I0, V < V0 (D) I < I0, V =V0
Ans. A

R
A

Sol. P
In Ideal case current I0 and voltage V0 across R
When we replaced P by a finite resistance of potentiometer the net resistance of circuit is
decreased therefore current increased and voltage decreased so’
I > I0 and V0 > V

49. In the given potentiometer circuit length of the wire AB is 3 m and resistance is R = 4.5 Ω.
The length AC for no deflection in galvanometer is

(A) 2 m (B) 1.8 m (C) dependent on r1 (D) None of these

Ans. D
Sol. Opposite direction terminals.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
50. In the arrangement shown in figure when the switch S2 is open, the galvanometer shows no
deflection for l = L/2. When the switch S2 is closed, the galvanometer shows no deflection for l
=5L/12. The internal resistance (r) of 6 V cell, and the emf E of the other batteryare
respectively

(A) 3Ω, 8V (B) 2Ω, 12V (C) 2Ω, 24V (D) 3Ω, 12V
Ans. B
Sol. When S2 is open,
let Potential gradient be x
L
x  = 6
2
xL = 12V
when S2 is closed
5L 60
x =
12 10 + r
 5 60
xL   =
 12  (10 + r)
60
5= ⇒ 10 + r = 12
10 + r
⇒ r = 2Ω.
xL = 12V
E
x=
L
E
⇒ ×L =12V
L
⇒ E = 12V

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE # (O-2)
1. A metallic conductor of irregular cross-section is as shown in the figure. A constant potential
difference is applied across the ends (1) and (2). Then :

(1) ×P ×Q (2)

(A) the current at the cross-section P equals the current at the cross-section Q
(B) the electric field intensity at P is less than that at Q.
(C) the rate of heat generated per unit time at Q is greater than that at P
(D) the number of electrons crossing per unit area of cross-section at P is less than that at Q.
Ans. ABCD
Sol. iP = iQ JP < JQ ⇒ EP < EQ
RP < RQ i2RP < i2RQ ⇒ HP < HQ
nP = nQ

2. Which of the following quantities do not change when an ohmic resistor connected to a battery
is heated due to the current?
(A) drift speed (B) resistivity (C) resistance (D) number of free electrons
Ans. D
Sol. No. of free electrons will be constant

3. A current passes through an ohmic conductor of no uniform cross section. Which of the
following quantities are independent of the cross-section?
(A) the charge crossing in a given time interval. (B) drift speed
(C) current density (D) free-electron density
Ans. AD
q
Sol. I = = n e AVd (current will be constant)
t
(n) is property of material

4. In the circuit shown E, F, G and H are cells of e.m.f. 2V, 1V, 3V and 1V respectively and their
internal resistances are 2Ω, 1Ω, 3Ω and 1Ω respectively.
A
F E
2Ω
D B

G H
C
(A) VD – VB = – 2/13 V
(B) VD – VB = 2/13 V

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(C) VG = 21/13 V = potential difference across G.
(D) VH = 19/13 V = potential difference across H.
Ans. ACD

Sol.
+3 – 3i1 – 1 – 1i1 – 2 (i1 – i2) = 0
+2 – 1i2 – 1 + 2 (i1 – i2) – 2i2 = 0

5. Consider the circuit shown in the figure

(A) the current in the 5 Ω resistor is 2 A

(B) the current in the 5 Ω resistor is 1 A
(C) the potential difference VA – VB is 10 V
(D) the potential difference VA – VB is 5 V
Ans. A
Sol.

5Ω C 3Ω A 3Ω 0.5A
2A
1A 1A 0.5
10Ω 10Ω 4Ω
28V

4Ω B 2Ω 3Ω

Req = 14 Ω.
V 28
I = = = 2A .
R eq 14
∴ Current in 5 Ω = 2Α
VC = 28 – 5 × 2 = 18 V
VA = VC – 3 × 1 = 15 V
VB = 18 – 10 × 1 = 8V
⇒ VA – VB = 7V.
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
6. A battery is of emf E is being charged from a charger such that positive terminal of the battery
is connected to terminal A of charger and negative terminal of the battery is connected to
terminal B of charger. The internal resistance of the battery is r.
(A) Potential difference across points A and B must be more than E.
(B) A must be at higher potential than B
(C) In battery, current flows from positive terminal to the negative terminal
(D) No current flows through battery
Ans. ABC

Sol.
While charging, current goes into positive terminal of battery and comes out of negative
terminal.
Apply KVL
E + i –VAB = 0
VAB = E + i
VAB > E VA > VB

7. A simple circuit contains an ideal battery and a resistance R. If a second resistor is placed in
parallel with the first,
(A) the potential across R will decrease
(B) the current through R will decreased
(C) the current delivered by the battery will increase
(D) the power dissipated by R will increased.
Ans. C
Sol. If we connect a resistor in parallel, effective resistance of the circuit will decrease, hence
increasing the current.

8. The equivalent resistance of a group of resistances is R. If another resistance is connected in

parallel to the group, its new equivalent becomes R1 & if it is connected in series to the group,
its new equivalent becomes R2 we have :
(A) R1 > R (B) R1 < R (C) R2 > R (D) R2 < R
Ans. BC
Sol. When we connect resistors in series, its equivalent resistance increases.
Req = R1 + R2
But when connecting in parallel, equivalent resistance decreases.
1 1 1
= +
R eq R1 R 2

9. Two identical fuses are rated at 10A. If they are joined

(A) in parallel, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 20A

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(B) in parallel, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 5A
(C) in series, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 10A.
(D) in series, the combination acts as a fuse of rating 20A.
Ans. AC
Sol. Fuses are rated at 10A
(i) connected in Parallel
10A

I1 I1+I2

10A I2
combination acts as a fuse rating of I1 + I2 = 20 A
(ii) connected in feries
10A 10A
I
in feries current is same so Combination rating = I = 10A

10. A battery of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a resistance R. Resistance R can
be adjusted to any value greater than or equal to zero. A graph is plotted between the current (i)
passing through the resistance and potential difference (V) across it. Select the correct
alternative(s).
v
(volt)
10

i
2 (ampere)

(A) internal resistance of battery is 5Ω

(B) emf of the battery is 20V
(C) maximum current which can be taken from the battery is 4A
(D) V- i graph can never be a straight line as shown in figure.
Ans. A
Sol. ε = 10
ge 10
r= = = 5Ω
i 2

11. The value of the resistance R in figure is adjusted such that power dissipated in the 2Ω resistor
is maximum. Under this condition
8Ω
12V

R
2Ω

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(A) R = 0
(B) R = 8Ω
(C) Power dissipated in the 2 Ω resistor is 72 W.
(D) Power dissipated in the 2 Ω resistor is 8 W.
Ans. AC
 8R  12
Sol. =
R eq  + 2 i=
8+ R  R eq
122 122 × 2
P= i 2 R= 2
× 2= 2
R eq R eq
Pmax when Req → min

12. A galvanometer may be converted into ammeter or voltmeter. In which of the following cases the
resistance of the device will be the largest ? (Asssume maximum range of galvanometer = 1 mA)
(A) an ammeter of range 10A (B) a voltmeter of range 5 V
(C) an ammeter of range 5 A (D) a voltmeter of range 10 V.
Ans. D
S

G R
Sol. I Ig G
ammeter Ig = 1mA Volt meter
⇒ In ammeter case shunt Resistance has min. value.
In voltmeter case we connect in series higher value of Resistance.

13. Mark out the correct options.

(A) An ammeter should have small resistance.
(B) An ammeter should have large resistance.
(C) A voltmeter should have small resistance.
(D) A voltmeter should have large resistance.
Ans. AD
Sol. An ammeter should have small resistance so as to allow maximum current to pass through.
A voltmeter should have high resistance in order to allow the potential to drop across itself.

14 In the circuit shown the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are 4A and 20V respectively. The
meters are non ideal, then R is :

(A) 5Ω (B) less than 5Ω

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(C) greater than 5Ω (D) between 4Ω & 5Ω
Ans. C
Sol.
4A R
A

V
20V
I in R would be less 4A.
IR = 20
∴ R is greater than 5Ω.

15. A micrometer has a resistance of 100Ω and a full scale range of 50µA. It can be used as a
voltmeter or a higher range ammeter provided a resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range
and resistance combination(s).
(A) 50 V range with 10kΩ resistance in series
(B) 10 V range with 200 kΩ resistance in series.
(C) 5 mA range with 1Ω resistance in parallel.
(D) 10 mA range with 1 kΩ resistance in parallel
Ans. BC
Sol. Micrometer → R = 100 Ω
i = 50 μA
V = 100 × 50 × 10–6 = 5mV
If R = 10 kΩ
V = 10 × 103 × 50 × 10–6 = 0.5 V
If R = 200 kΩ
V = 200 × 103 × 50 × 10–6 = 10 V
Applying KVL in the circuit
(i – i0) × 1 = i0 × 100
i0 = 50 μA

i = 101 × i0
i = 50 × 10–6 × 101
i = 5mA

16. In a potentiometer wire experiment the emf of a battery in the primary circuit is 20V and its
internal resistance is 5Ω. There is a resistance box in series with the battery and the
potentiometer wire, whose resistance can be varied from 120Ω to 170Ω. Resistance of the

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
potentiometer wire is 75Ω. The following potential differences can be measured using this
potentiometer.
(A) 5V (B) 6V (C) 7V (D) 8V
Ans. ABC

Sol.
75 1500
=
∆VP × 20 =
5 + R + 75 R + 80

17. In the given potentiometer circuit, the resistance of the potentiometer wire AB is R0. C is a cell
of internal resistance r. The galvanometer G does not give zero deflection for any position of
the jockey J. Which of the following cannot be a reason for this?

(A) r > R0 (B) R > > R0

(C) emf of C > emf of D (D) The negative terminal of C is connected to A.
Ans. A
Sol. If internal resistance (r) of cell is greater than resistance (R0) of potentiometer wire, then
galvanometer will not show any deflection for any position of jockey.

18. Electrons are emitted by a hot filament and are accelerated by an electric field as shown in
figure. The two stops at the left ensure that the electron beam has a uniform cross-section.
Match the entries of column-I with column-II as electron move from A to B :
E

A B

Column-I Column-II
(A) Speed of an electron (P) Inreases
(B) Number of free electrons per unit volume (Q) Decreases
(C) Current density (R) Remains same
(D) Electric potential (S) any of the above is possible
Ans. (A)→P; (B)→Q; (C)→R;(D)→P;

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Sol.
Direction of E is opposite to motion of electrons.
F = eE (towards right)
Speed of e– increase
No. of free e– per unit volume decreases as e– move out.
Current density will remain same.

19. In the potentiometer arrangement shown in figure, null point is obtained at length.
E1 R


J

E2
Column I Column II
(A) If E1 is increased (P)  should increase
(B) If R is increased (Q)  should decrease
(C) If E2 is increased (R)  should remain the same to
again get the null point
Ans. (A)→Q; (B)→P; (C)→P;
V
Sol. Potential gradiaent X =
L
E 2 = (X)
 V  (E1 − iR)
=
X = 
L L
(A) If E1 ↑, X ↑,  ↓
(B) If R ↑, X ↓,  ↑
(C) If E 2 ↑,  ↑

20. The diagram shows a circuit with two identical resistors. The battery has a negligible internal
resistance. What will the effect on the ammeter and voltmeter be if the switch S is closed?

Column I Column II
(A) Ammeter reading (P) Increases

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(B) Voltmeter reading (Q) Decreases
(C) Equivalent resistance of circuit (R) Does not change
(D) Power dissipated across R in right branch. (S) Becomes zero
Ans. (A)→ P; (B)→ P; (C)→ Q; (D)→ Q, S
Sol.

R R

If Switch is closed.
Req decreases.
V
Hence IA = (increases).
R eq
Current through voltmeter also increases
hence Receding of voltmeter increases.
Power in first Resistance increases as current increases but in second Resistance current
become zero (short circuited) hence power become zero.

Comprehension#1
Ram and Shyam purchased two electric tea kettles 'A' and 'B' of same size, same thickness and
same volume of 0.4 litre. They studied the specification of kettles as under.
Kettle – A Kettle – B
Specific heat capacity = 1680 J/kg–K Specific heat capacity = 2520 J/kg–K
Mass = 200 gm Mass = 400 gm
Cost = 400 Rs. Cost = 400 Rs.
When kettle 'A' is switched on with constant source, the tea begins to boil in 6 minute. When
kettle 'B' is switched on with the same source separately then tea begins to boil in 8 minute.
energy used for liquid heating
The efficiency of kettle is defined as =
total energy supplied
They made discussion on specification and efficiency of kettles and subsequently prepared a
list of questions to draw the conclusions. Some of them are as under – (Assume specific heat
of tea liquid as 4200 J/Kg–K and density as 1000 kg/m3)

21. Efficiency of kettle 'A' is

(A) 63.34 % (B) 83.33 % (C) 93.34 % (D) 73.34 %
Ans. B

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
M LSL ∆θ
Sol. Efficiency of kettle A =
M LSL ∆θ + M ASA ∆θ
0.4 ×1000 × 4200 ×100 ×10−3
=
200
0.4 × 4200 ×100 + 1680 × ×100
1000
168000
= = 0.83
168000 + 33600
⇒ 83.33%

22. Efficiency of kettle 'B' is

(A) 82.5 % (B) 72.5 % (C) 92.5 % (D) 62.5 %
Ans. D
M LSL ∆θ
Sol. Efficiency of kettle B =
M LSL ∆θ + M BSB ∆θ
168000
=
168000 + 0.4 × 2520 ×100
= 0.625
= 62.5 %

23. Ratio of electricity consumed charges for one time boiling of tea in kettle A and kettle B
(A) 3 : 5 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 4 (D) 1 : 1
Ans. C
PA 6P
Sol. = =3:4
PB 8P
+
24. The resistance of coil of kettles A and B are 'RA' and 'RB' respectively, then we can say
(A) RA > RB (B) RA = RB
(C) RA < RB (D) can not be ascertained by above data.
Ans. B
 V2 
Sol. 6=
  168000 + 33600
 A
R
 V2 
8=
  168000 + 100800
 RB 
3 RB 3
= ⇒ RA = RB
4 RA 4

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
25. If both the kettles are joined with the same source in series one after the other. Then boiling
starts in kettle 'A' and kettle 'B' after
(A) 4 times of their original time (B) equal to their original time
(C) 2 times of their original time (D) can not be ascertained by above data
Ans. A
Sol. In series Req = 2R
I
∴ Ι= 0 .
2
1
∴ Power = I2R (beomes time)
4
Hence time required would be 4 times.
Comprehension#2
Important aspect of fuse wire and battery
Electric fuse a protective device used in series with an electric circuit or an electric appliance to
save it from damage due to overheating produced by strong current in the circuit or appliance.
Fuse wire is generally made from an alloy of lead and tin which has high resistance and low
melting point. It is connected in series in an electric installation. If a circuit gets accidentally
short–circuited, a large current flows, then fuse wire melts away which causes a break in the
circuit.
The power through fuse (P) is equal to heat energy lost per unit area per unit time (h)
 ρ 
(neglecting heat loses from ends of the wire). P = I2R = h × 2πr .....  R =  r and  are the
 πr 2 
length and radius of fuse wire. A battery is described by it's Emf (E) and internal resistance (r)
Efficiency of battery is defined as the ratio of the output power and the input power
output power E E r
η= × 100 % but I = ,
input power R+r
input power = EI , output power = EI – I2r I
R

 EI − I 2 r   Ir   E  r   R 
then η =   ×100 = 1 −  ×100 = 1 −    ×100η =   ×100
 EI   E  R + r  E  R+r
We know that output power of a source is maximum when the external resistance is equal to
internal resistance, i.e., R = r.

26. Two fuse wire of same material are having length ratio 1:2 and radius ratio 4:1. Then
respective ratio of their current rating will be
(A) 8 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 8 (D) 4 : 1
Ans. A
Sol. P = I2R = h × 2πr
RA 1
=
R B 16 × 2
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
RA 1
⇒ = .
R B 32
I 2A R A M ASA ∆θ π×16r 2 ×  × S × ∆θ
= =
I 2B R B M BSB ∆θ π× r 2 × 2 × S × ∆θ

27. The maximum power rating of a 20.0 Ω fuse wire is 2.0 kW, then this fuse wire can be
connected safely to a D.C. source (negligible internal resistance) of
(A) 300 volt (B) 190 volt (C) 250 volt (D) 220 volt
Ans. B
Sol. R = 20Ω
Pmax = 2000W
V2
= 2000
R
V2 = 2000 × 20
= 40000
Vmax = 200 V
Vsource must be less than 200V.

28. Efficiency of a battery (non–ideal) when delivering maximum power is

(A) 100% (B) 50% (C) 90% (D) 40%
Ans. B
 R 
Sol. η=   ×100
R+r
For maximum power
r=R
1
η =   ×100 = 50 %.
2

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE # (JM)
1. Shown in the figure below is a meter - bridge set up with null deflection in the galvanometer
[AIEEE - 2008]
55Ω R

20cm

The value of the unknown resistor R is

(1) 13.75Ω (2) 220 Ω (3) 110Ω (4) 55Ω
Ans. 2
55 R
Sol. = ⇒ R = 220 Ω
20 80

2. A 5V battery with internal resistance 2Ω and a 2V battery with internal resistance1Ω are
connected to a 10 Ω resistor as shown in the figure. The current in the 10Ω resistor is
[AIEEE - 2008]
P2

5V 10Ω 2V
2Ω 1Ω

P1
(1) 0.27 A P2 to P1 (2) 0.03 A P1 to P2 (3) 0.03 A P2 to P1 (4) 0.27 A P1 to P2
Ans. 3
5 2
2–1 2 ×1 2
Sol. Eeq =   V req = = Ω
1
 +1  2 +1 3
 2 

E eq
i= = 0.03 A from P2 to P1
10 + req
Directions : Question No. 3 and 5 are based on the following paragraph.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Consider a block of conducting material of resistivey 'ρ' shown in the figure. Current ‘I’ enters
at ‘A’ and leaves from ‘D’. We apply superposition prinicple to find voltage '∆V' developed
between ‘B’ and ‘C’. The calculation is done in the following steps : [AIEEE - 2008]
∆V
I I

A B C D

(i) Take current ‘I’ entering from ‘A’ and assume it to spread over a hemispherical surface
in the block.
(ii) Calculate field E(r) at distance ‘r’ from A by using Ohm’s law E = ρj, where j is the
current per unit area at ‘r’
(iii) From the ‘r’ dependence of E(r), obtain the potential V(r) at r.
(iv) Repeat (i), (ii) and (iii) for current ‘I’ leaving ‘D’ and superpose results for ‘A’ and ‘D’

3. For current entering at A, the electric field at a distance ‘r’ from A is

ρI ρI ρI ρI
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4)
8πr 2
r 2πr 2
4πr 2
Ans. 3

4. ∆V measured between B and C is

ρI ρI ρI ρI ρI ρI ρI
(1) − (2) − (3) − (4)
πa π ( a + b ) a (a + b) 2πa 2π ( a + b ) 2π ( a + b )
Ans. 3
Sol 3&4. Choosing A as origin,
I
E = ρj = ρ
2πr 2
(a + b)
ρI 1 ρI  1 1
VC – VB = – = ∫
2π a r 2
dr  − 
2π  (a + b) a 
ρI  1 1 
−
2π  a (a + b) 

VB – VC =

5. Statement–1 : The temperature dependence of resistance is usually given as R = R0(1+α∆t).

The resistance of a wire changes from 100Ω to 150Ω when its temperature is increased from
27°C to 227°C. This implies that α = 2.5 × 10–3/°C. [AIEEE - 2009]
Statement–2 : R = R0(1 + α∆t) is valid only when the change in the temperature ∆T is small
and ∆R = (R – R0) << R0.
(1) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true; Statement–2 is not the correct explanation of
Statement–1
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(2) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true
(3) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false
(4) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true; Statement–2 is the correct explanation of
Statement–1
Ans. 2

6. Two conductors have the same resistance at 0°C but their temperature coefficients of resistance
are α1 and α2. The respective temperature coefficients of their series and parallel combinations
are nearly : [AIEEE - 2010]
α + α 2 α1 + α 2 α + α2
(1) 1 , (2) 1 , α1 + α 2
2 2 2
α + α2 αα
(3) α1 + α 2 , 1 (4) α1 + α 2 , 1 2
2 α1 + α 2
Ans. 1
Sol. Let R be their individual resistance at 0ºC. Their resistance at any other temperature t is
R1 = R (1 + α1 t) and R2 = R (1 + α2 t).
In series
Rseries = R1 + R2 = R [2 +(α1 + α2) .t]
 α + α2 
= 2R 1 + 1 t .
 2 
α1 + α 2
αSeries =
2
In Parallel
R + R2 R(1 + α1t) R(1 + α 2 t)
RParallel = 1 =
R1 + R 2 R(2 + α1 + α 2 ) t)
R 2 (1 + α1 + α 2 )t)
≈
α + α2
2R(1 + 1 t)
2
R  α1 + α 2 
≈ 1 + t
2  2 
α1 + α 2
αParallel = .
2

7. If a wire is stretched to make it 0.1 % longer its resistance will :- [AIEEE - 2011]
(1) decrease by 0.2% (2) decrease by 0.05%
(3) increase by 0.05% (4) increase by 0.2%
Ans. 4
ρ
Sol. R= ( V = A const.)
A
V = A
By differentiation 0 = dA + Ad ....(1)
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
ρ(Ad − dA)
By differentiation dR = ....(2)
A2
2Ad
dR = ρ
A2
2ρd
dR =
A
dR d
or = 2.
R 
dR d
So, % = 2. %
R 
= 2 × 0.1%
dR
% = 0.2% Ans.
R

8. If 400 Ω of resistance is made by adding four 100 Ω resistance of tolerance 5%, then the
tolerance of the combination is : [AIEEE - 2011]
(1) 20% (2) 5% (3) 10% (4) 15%
Ans. 2

Sol. R R R R
R = 100 ± 5
4R = 400 ± 20
Tolerance of combination is also 5%.
9. The current in the primary circuit of a potentiometer is 0.2 A. The specific resistance and cross-
section of the potentiometer wire are 4 × 10–7 ohm metre and 8 × 10–7 m2 respectively. The
potential gradient will be equal to :- [AIEEE - 2011]
(1) 0.2 V/m (2) 1 V/m (3) 0.5 V/m (4) 0.1 V/m
Ans. 4
V ΙR ΙR  ρ  Ιρ
Sol. x= = =   =
   A A
0.2 × 4 ×10−7 0.8
x= −7
= = 0.1 V/m.
8 ×10 8

10. Two electric bulbs marked 25W-220 V and100 W-220 V are connected in series to a
440 V supply. Which of the bulbs will fuse ? [AIEEE - 2012]
(1) Neither (2) Both (3) 100 W (4) 25 W
Ans. 4
220 220
Sol. As R1 = × 220 and R2 = × 220
25 100
R = R1 + R2

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

 1 1 
= 220 × 220  + 
 25 100 
1
= 220 × 220
20
440 40
∴ Ιlive = = A
220 × 220 220
20
∴ 1st bulb (25 W) will fuse only

11. The supply voltage to a room is 120V. The resistance of the lead wires is 6Ω. A 60 W bulb is
already switched on. What is the decrease of voltage across the bulb, when a 240 W heater is
switched on in parallel to the bulb? [AIEEE - 2013]
(1) zero Volt (2) 2.9 Volt (3) 13.3 Volt (4) 10.04 Volt
Ans. 4
V2
Sol. P=
R
240

120 ×120
R= = 240 Ω 120V
60
Req. = 240 + 6 = 246 Ω

60

240 120V
V1 = ×120 = 117.073 volt
246
48
V2 = ×120 =106.66 Volt
54
V1 – V2 = 10.04 Volt
48

120Volt

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
12. This question has Statement I and Statement II. Of the four choice given after the Statements,
choose the one that best describes the two Statemens. [AIEEE - 2013]
Statement-I : Higher the range, greater is the resistance of ammeter.
Statement-II : To increase the ragne of ammeter, additional shunt needs to be used across it.
(1) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true, Statement-II is the correct explanation of
Statement-I
(2) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true, Statement-II is not the correct explanation of
Statement-I.
(3) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.
(4) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.
Ans. 4
IG
Sol. Foe Ammeter, S = g
I − Ig
So for I to increase, S should decrease, so additional S can be connected across it.

13. In the circuit shown, the current in the 1 resistor is : [JEE MAIN 2015]
6V P
2Ω

1Ω 9V

3Ω Q 3Ω
(A) 0 A (B) 0.13 A, from Q to P
(C) 0.13 A, from P to Q (D) 1.3 A, from P to Q
Ans. 2
Sol.
6V 0
2Ω

1Ω 9V

3Ω X 3Ω
x +9 x −6 x
+ + = 0
5 3 1
3x + 27 + 5x − 30 + 15x
⇒ =0
15

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
3
⇒ x= A
23
From Q to P

14. When 5V potential difference is applied across a wire of length 0.1 m, the drift speed of
electrons is 2.5 × 10–4ms–1 . If the electron density in the wire 8 × 1028 m–3, the resistivity of the
material is close to : [JEE MAIN 2015]
(A) 1.6 × 10 Ωm
–7
(B) 1.6 × 10 Ωm
–6
(C) 1.6 × 10 Ωm
–5
(D) 1.6 × 10–8 Ωm
Ans. 3
Sol. J = ne vd
A∆V
= nev d
ρA
∆v 5
∴ ρ =
nev d 0.1× 8 ×10 ×1.6 ×10−19 × 2.5 ×10−4
28

= 1.56 × 10–5
≈ 1.6 × 10–5 Ωm

15. A galvanometer having a coil resistance of 100 Ω gives a full scale deflection, when a current
of 1 mA is passed through it. The value of the resistance, which can convert this galvanometer
into ammeter giving a full scale deflection for a current of 10 A is : [JEE MAIN 2016]
(A) 2Ω (B) 0.1 Ω (C) 3 Ω (D) 0.01 Ω
Ans. 4
Sol.
1mA Ammeter
100Ω

Shunt
9.999 Amp
P.D. should remain same
1 mA × 100 = 9.999 R
1
R= = 0.01Ω
99.99

2V 2V 2V
16.

2V 2V 2V

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
In the above circuit the current in each resistance is : [JEE MAIN 2017]
(A) 1 A (B) 0.25 A (C) 0.5 A (D) 0 A
Ans. 4
Sol.
i – i1 A

2V i1 i

2V i i1 i – i1
B
+2 – 2 – i1R = 0
–2 + I (1) + 2
– 2 – (i – i1) 1 + 2 + i1 = 0
– i + i1 + i1 = 0
i
i = 2i1 i1 =
2
0 – 2 – i1 (1) + 2 = 0
i1 = 0, i = 0

17. When a current of 5 mA is passed through a galvanometer having a coil of resistance 15 Ω, it

shows full scale deflection. The value of the resistance to be put in series with the galvanometer
to convert it into a voltmeter range 0– 10 V is : [JEE MAIN 2017]
(A) 1.985 × 10 Ω3
(B) 2.045 × 10 Ω
3
(C) 2.535 × 10 Ω3
(D) 4.005 × 103 Ω
Ans. 1
Sol. ig = 5mA, G = 15Ω
V = (G + R)ig
10 = (15 + R) 5 × 10–3
104
= 15 + R
5
2 × 103 = 15 + R
R = 1985Ω

18. Two batteries with e.m.f. 12 V and 13 V are connected in parallel across a load resistor of 10Ω.
The internal resisttance of the two batteries are 1 Ω and 2 Ω respectively. The voltage across
the load lies between : [JEE MAIN 2018]
(1) 11.7 V and 11.8 V (2) 11.6 V and 11.7 V
(3) 11.5 V and 11.6 V (4) 11.4 V and 11.5 V

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Sol. (3)
12 V 1Ω
0 X
x + 12 x + 13 x
+ + = 0 X
1 2 10 0
13 V 2Ω
On solving: x = –11.5625 0 X
10Ω

19. On interchanging the resistances, the balance point of the meter bridge shifts to the left by 10
cm. The resistance of their series combination is 1KΩ. How much was the resistance on the left
slot before interchanging the resistance. [JEE MAIN 2018]
(1) 910 Ω (2) 990 Ω (3) 505 Ω (4) 550 Ω
Sol. (4)
R1 R2

X 100–X

R1 R2 R2 R1
= ....(1) = ....(2)
X 100 − X X − 10 110 − X
Solving (1) & (2)
110R 2 = 90R1 ...(3)
Further given that
R1 + R2 = 1000 Ω ....(4)
By solving equation 3 & 4
90R1
R1 + = 1000
110
200R1
= 1000
110
1101
R1 = ×1000Ω
200
R1 = 550 Ω

20. In a potentiometer experiment, it is found that no current passes through the galvanometer
when the terminals of the cell are connected across 52 cm of the potentiometer wire. If the cell
is shunted by the resistance of 5Ω, a balance is found when the cell is connected across 40 cm
of the wire. Find the internal resistance of the cell. [JEE MAIN 2018]
(1) 2.5Ω (2) 1Ω (3) 1.5Ω (4) 2Ω
Sol. (3)
Let the potential gradient be X
ε1 = 52 x ...(1)
ε1 5
= 40 x ....(2)
r1 + 5

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(r1 + 5) 52
=
5 40
40 r1 + 5 × 40 = 52 × 5
40 r1 = 260 – 200
40 r1 = 60
60
r1 = = 1.5 Ω
40

21. A carbon resistance has a following colour code. What is the value of the resistance?

[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 6.4 MΩ ± 5% (2) 530 kΩ ± 5% (3) 64 kΩ ± 10% (4) 5.3 MΩ ± 5%
Ans. (2)
Sol. BB ROYG BVGW
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hence, Answer = 53 × 104 ± 5% = 530 kΩ ± 5%

22. A potentiometer wire AB having length L and resistance 12 r is joined to a cell D of emf ε and
internal resistance r. A cell C having emf ε/2 and internal resistance 3r is connected. The length
AJ at which the galvanometer as shown in fig. shows no deflection is :

[JEE Main-2019]
13 11 5 11
(1) L (2) L (3) L (4) L
24 24 12 12
Ans. (1)
Sol.
ε,r

12r

ε
i=
13r

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
12ε
potential drop across AB = iR = i(12r) =
13
12ε
∴ Potential gradient across wire =
13L
ε
for zero current potential at point J in the diagram shown in question =
26
ε 12ε
∴ = x
26 13L
13L
x=
24

23. In the given circuit the cells have zero internal resistance. The currents (in Amperes) passing
through resistance R1, and R2 respectively, are:

[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 2, 2 (2) 0.5,0 (3) 1,2 (4) 0, 1
Ans. (2)
10
Sol. i1 = = 0.5A
20
i2 = 0

24. The actual value of resistance R, shown in the figure is 30Ω. This is measured in an experiment
V
as shown using the standard formula R = , where V and I are the readings of the voltmeter
I
and ammeter, respectively. If the measured value of R is 5% less, then the internal resistance of
the voltmeter is :

[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 35Ω (2) 350Ω (3) 600Ω (4) 570Ω
Ans. (4)
Sol.
R V

A 30Ω
30.R
0.95 × 30 =
R + 30
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
0.95 × 30 = 0.5 × R
R = 19 × 30 = 570a\

25. In a Wheatstone bridge (see fig.), Resistances P and Q are approximately equal. When R = 400
Ω, the bridge is balanced. On inter-changing P and Q, the value of R, for balance, is 405 Ω. The
value of X is close to :
[JEE Main-2019]

(1) 401.5 ohm (2) 404.5 ohm (3) 403.5 ohm (4) 402.5 ohm
Ans. (4)
Sol. RP ≈ RQ
RP RQ 400R Q
= ⇒X=
400 X RP
RQ RP 405R P
= ⇒X=
405 X RQ
405R p
⇒ X= × 400
XR P
X2 = 405 × 400 ≈ 402.49

26. In the experimental set up of metre bridge shown in the figure, the null point is obtained at a
distance of 40 cm from A. If a 10Ω resistor is connected in series with R1, the null point shifts
by 10 cm. The resistance that should be connected in parallel with (R1 + 10)Ω such that the
null point shifts back to its initial position is
[JEE Main-2019]

(1) 20 Ω (2) 60 Ω (3) 40 Ω (4) 30 Ω

Ans. (2)
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 71
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
R1 40 2
Sol. = =
R 2 60 3
R1 + 10 50
= = 1
R2 50
By solving
R1 2
⇒
R1 + 10 3
R=1 20Ω ; R =
2 30Ω
For same position
(R eq ) ⇒ 20Ω Thus
1 1 1
= +
R eq R1 + 10 R
1 1 1 1 1
= + ; = R= 60Ω
20 30 R R 60

27. A galvanometer having a resistance of 20 Ω and 30 divisions on both sides has figure of merit
0.005 ampere/division. The resistance that should be connected in series such that it can be
used as a voltmeter upto 15 volt, is :-
[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 80 Ω (2) 125 Ω (3) 120 Ω (4) 120 Ω
Ans. (1)
Sol.
15V

R
R
20Ω
(15V) ⇒ (igmax) × Req
15 ⇒ (0.005 × 30) (20 + R)
R ⇒ 80Ω

28. The galvanometer deflection, when key K1 is closed but K2 is open, equals θ0 (see figure). On
θ
closing K2 also and adjusting R2 to 5Ω, the deflection in galvanometer becomes 0 . The
5
resistance of the galvanometer is, then, given by [Neglect the internal resistance of battery]:
[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 5Ω (2) 25Ω (3) 22Ω (4) 12Ω
Ans. (3)

V
Sol. i= = Cθ 0 ....(1)
220 + R g

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
V Cθ
i= = 0 ...(2)
5R g 5
220 +
5 + Rg
After solving
[Rg = 22Ω]

29. In a meter bridge, the wire of length 1 m has a non-uniform cross-section such that, the
dR dR 1
variation of its resistance R with length  is ∝ Two equal resistances are
d d 
connected as shown in the figure. The galvanometer has zero deflection when the jockey is at
point P. What is the length AP?

[JEE Main-2019]
(1) 0.2m (2) 0.35 m (3) 0.25m (4) 0.3 m
Ans. (3)
K
Sol. dR = dl
l
e 1
1 1
K∫ d1 = K ∫ d1
0 e L e
( e − 0) = ( 1 − e)
2 e =1
1
e = = 0.25
4

30. In a conductor, if the number of conduction electrons per unit volume is 8.5 × 1028 m–3 and
mean free time is 25 fs (femto second), it's approximate resistivity is :
[JEE Main-2019]
–31
(me = 9.1 × 10 kg)
(1)10–6Ωm (2) 10–8 Ωm (3) 10–5 Ωm (4) 10–7 Ωm
Ans. (2)
m
Sol. ρ = 2 = 1.67 × 10–8 Ωm
ne τ

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
31. A current of 5 A passes through a copper conductor (resistivity = 1.7 × 10–8 Ωm) of radius of
cross-section 5 mm. Find the mobility of the charges if their drift velocity is
1.1 × 10–3 m/s [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 1.3 m2 /Vs (2) 1.0 m2 /Vs (3) 1.5 m2 /Vs (4) 1.8 m2 /Vs
Ans. (2)
Vd Vd 1.1×10−3
Sol. =
µ = =
E ρ× J 1.7 ×10−8 × 5
π× 25 ×10−6
1.1×10−3 × π× 25 ×10−6
= = 1.01 m 2 / Vs
5 ×1.7 ×10−8

32. In an experiment, the resistance of a material is plotted as a function of temperature (in some
range). As shown in the figure, it is a straight line [JEE Main-2019]

One may conclude that

(1) R(T) = R 0 eT T0 (2) R(T) = R 0 e − T
2 2 2
T02

R
(3) R(T) = R 0 e − T0 (4) R(T) = 20
2
T2

T
Ans. (3)
m
Sol. lnR = − +C
T2
m
− +c
T2
R= e
m
−
T2
R= e · eC
m
−
T2
R = R 0e

33. To verify Ohm's law, a student connects the voltmeter across the battery as, shown in the
figure. The measure d voltage is plotted as a function of the current, and the following graph is
obtained [JEE Main-2019]

If V0 is almost zero, identify the correct statement:

(1) The potential different across the battery is 1.5 V when it sends a current of 1000 mA
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 74
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(2) The value of the resistance R is 1.5 Ω
(3) The emf of the battery is 1.5 V and the value of R is 1.5 Ω
(4) The emf of the battery is 1.5 V and its internal resistance is 1.5 Ω
Ans. (4)

Sol.
V = E – Ir
when V = V0 = 0 ⇒ 0 = E – Ir
∴ E=r
when I = 0, V = E = 1.5V
∴ r = 1.5 Ω.

34. A moving coil galvanometer, having a resistance G, produces full scale deflection when a
current Ig flows through it. This galvanometer can be converted into (i) an ammeter of range 0
to I0 (I0 > Ig) by connecting a shunt resistance RA to it and (ii) into a voltmeter of range 0 to V
(V = GI0) by connecting a series resistance RV to it. Then,
R Ig
(1) RARV = G2 and A = [JEE Main-2019]
R V (I0 − Ig )
2
I −I  R A  Ig 
2
(2) RARV = G  0 g  and = 
 Ig
  R V  (I0 − Ig ) 
2
 I  R A  I0 − Ig 
2
(3) RARV = G  g  and = 
 I0 − Ig R  Ig
  V  
2
R  Ig 
(4) RARV = G and A = 
2

R V  (I0 − Ig ) 
Ans. (4)
Sol. When galvanometer is used as an ammeter shunt is used in parallel with galvanometer.

∴
∴ IgG = (I0 – Ig)RA …(1)

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 75
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
When galvanometer is used as a voltmeter, resistance is used in series with galvanometer.

Ig(G + RV) = V = GI0 (given V = GI0)

(I0 − Ig ) G
∴ RV = …(2)
Ig
2
R  I 
∴ RARV = G & A =  g 
2
R V  I0 − Ig 

35. The current I1 (in A) flowing through 1Ω resistor in the following circuit is :
[JEE Main-2020]

(1) 0.25 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.5 (4) 0.2

Ans. (4)
Sol.

1V 1× 2 2
I0 = = = A
R branch 5 5
12 
I1 =  A  As both resistance are san.
25 
1
I1 = A = 0.2 A
5

36. The length of a potentiometer wire is 1200 cm and it carries a current of 60 mA. For a cell of
emf 5 V and internal resistance of 20 Ω, the null point on it is found to be at 1000 cm. The
resistance of whole wire is: [JEE Main-2020]
(1) 60 Ω (2) 80 Ω (3) 100 Ω (4) 120 Ω
Ans. (3)
∆V
Sol. 5 = λl (where, λ = i.e.potential gradient)
L
Let L be the total length of wire.

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 76
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
∆V
5= l
L
5× L 12
∆V = =5 × = 6 V = 60 mA × R
l 10
R = 100 Ω

37. In a meter bridge experiment S is a standard resistance. R is a resistance wire. It is found that
balancing length is l = 25 cm. If R is replaced by a wire of half length and half diameter that of
R of same material, then the balancing distance l' (in cm) will now be ________ .
[JEE Main-2020]

Ans. (40.00)
R 25
Sol. In balancing =
S 75
l
ρ×
ρl
New resistance R ′ = = 2= ρl × 4A
A A 2
4
R' = 2R
2R l′
=
S 100 − l ′
1 l′
2=× = 3l ′ = 2000 – 2l ′
3 100 − l ′
5l ′ = 200

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXERCISE # (JA)
1. Arrange the order of power dissipated in the given circuits, if the same current is passing
through all circuits and each resistor is 'r' [IIT JEE- 2003 (Scr)]

A B A
(1) (2) B

A B A B
(3) (4)

(A) P2 > P3 > P4 > P1 (B) P3 > P2 > P4 > P1

(C) P4 > P3 > P2 > P1 (D) P1 > P2 > P3 > P4
Ans. A
Sol. P = i2 r

2. In the given circuit, no current is passing through the galvanometer. if the cross-sectional diameter
of AB is doubled then for null point of galvanometer the value of AC would [IIT JEE-2003]

A B
x C
(A) x (B) x/2 (C) 2x (D) None
Ans. A

3. How a battery is to be connected so that shown rheostat will behave like a potential divider?
Also indicate the points about which output can be taken. [IIT JEE-2003]
C

A B
R
Ans. Battery should be connected across A and B.
Out put can be taken across the terminals A and C or B and C

4. Which of the following set–up can be used to verify Ohm's law ? [IIT JEE-2003]
A

V A V
(A) (B)

A V

(C) (D)
V A

Ans. A

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 78
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
5. Six equal resistances are connected between points P, Q and R as shown in the figure. Then,
the net resistance will be maximum between [IIT JEE-2004 (Scr)]
P

Q R

(A) P and Q (B) Q and R (C) P and R (D) any two points
Ans. A
5 4 3
Sol. RPR = r, RPQ = r and RRQ = r
11 11 11
∴ RPR is maximum .
Therefore, the correct option is (A)

6. For the post office box arrangement to determine the value of unknown resistance, the
unknown resistance should be connected between [IIT JEE-2004 (Scr)]
B C D

B1 C1
(A) B and C (B) C and D (C) A and D (D) B1 and C1
Ans. C
Sol. BC, CD and BA are known resistance,
The unknown resistance is connected between A and D.
Hence, the correct option is (D)

7. Draw the circuit for experimental verification of Ohm's law using a source of variable DC voltage,
a main resistance of 100 Ω, two galvanometers and two resistances of values 106 Ω and 10–3 Ω
respectively. Clearly show the positions of the voltmeter and the ammeter. [IIT JEE-2004]
Voltmeter
10 Ω6

G1

100Ω Ammeter
Ans.
G2 10 Ω
–3

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 79
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Voltmeter
106Ω
G1

100Ω Ammeter
Sol.
G2 10 Ω
–3

8. In the figure shown the current through 2Ω resistor is [IIT JEE- 2005]
10V 10Ω

5Ω
2Ω 20V

(A) 2A (B) 0 A (C) 4 (D) 6 A

Ans. B
Sol. (B) From Kirchoff’s junction law, current in 2Ω is zero, because 2Ω resistance is not a part of
closed circuit.
9. Which of the following groups do not have same dimensions [IIT JEE- 2005 (Scr)]
(A) Young’s modulus, pressure, stress
(B) work, heat, energy
(C) electromotive force, potential difference, voltage
(D) electric dipole, electric flux, electric field
Ans. D

10. A galvanometer has resistance 100Ω and it requires current 100µA for full scale deflection. A
resistor 0.1Ω is connected to make it an ammeter. The smallest current required in the circuit to
produce the full scale deflection is [IIT JEE- 2005 (Scr)]
(A) 1000.1 mA (B) 1.1 mA (C) 10.1 mA (D) 100.1 mA
Ans. D
Sol.

i = ig + is .........(1)
igG = isS .........(2)

from (1) & (2) (putting ig = 0.1 mA, G = 100Ω) we have

i = 100.1 mA

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 80
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
11. An unknown resistance X is to be determined using resistances R1, R2 or R3. Their
corresponding null points are A, B and C. Find which of the above will give the most accurate
reading and why? [IIT JEE-2005]

X R
G

A B C
R=R1 or R2 or R3
Ans. Position B

Sol. Reason → x = R
100 − 
dx d d (100 − )
⇒ = –
x  100 − 
dx d d
⇒ = +
x  100 − 
dx 100 d
=
x (100 − )
dx
% error in x = will be minimum when (100 – ) will be maximum i.e.  = 50 cm.
x

12. A rigid container with thermally insulated walls contains a coil of resistance 100 Ω, carrying
current 1 A. Change in internal energy after 5 min will be [IIT JEE- 2005]
(A) zero (B) 10 kJ (C) 20 kJ (D) 30 kJ
Ans. D
Sol. i2Rt = U =30 kJ

13. Consider a cylindrical element as shown in the figure. Current flowing through the element is I
and resistivity of material of the cylinder is ρ. Choose the correct option out the following.
[IIT JEE- 2006]
A B
C
4r I 2r

l/2 l/2
(A) Power loss in second half is four times the power loss in first half.
(B) Voltage drop in first half is twice of voltage drop in second half.
(C) Current density in both halves are equal.
(D) Electric field in both halves is equal.
Ans. A

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
R1 A 2 πr 1 2
Sol. (D) = = =
R 2 A1 4πr 2
4
V1 R1 1
∴ = =
V2 R 2 4
VBC = 4VAB

14. A resistance of 2Ω is connected across one gap of a metre–bridge (the length of the wire is 100
cm) and an unknown resistance, greater than 2Ω, is connected across the other gap. When these
resistances are interchanged, the balance point shifts by 20 cm. Neglecting any corrections, the
unknown resistance is : [IIT JEE- 2007]
(A) 3Ω (B) 4Ω (C) 5Ω (D) 6Ω
Ans. A
Sol.

2(100 – y) = xy
Also (100 – y) – y = 20
on solving y = 40 cm, x = 3 Ω
15. Figure shows three resistor configurations R1, R2 and R3 connected to 3V battery. If the power
dissipated by the configuration R1, R2 and R3 is P1, P2 and P3, respectively, then : [IIT JEE- 2008]
1Ω 1Ω
1Ω 3V
1Ω 3V 1Ω
1Ω
1Ω 3V 1Ω 1Ω
1Ω 1Ω
1Ω 1Ω
1Ω 1Ω
R1 R2 R3

(A) P1 > P2 > P3 (B) P1 > P3 > P2 (C) P2 > P1 > P3 (D) P3 > P2 > P1
Ans.. C
Sol. The given three circuits R1, R2 and R3
are equivalent to the following three circuits.

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 82
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

32 32 32
P1 = =9W P2 = = 18 W P3 = = 4.5 W P2 > P1 > P3
1 1/ 2 2

16. STATEMENT–1 : In a Meter Bridge experiment, null point for an unknown resistance is
measured. Now, the unknown resistance is put inside an enclosure maintained at a higher
temperature. The null point can be obtained at the same point as before by decreasing the value
of the standard resistance.
and [IIT JEE- 2008]
STATEMENT-2 : Resistance of a metal increases with increase in temperature.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement1
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False.
(D) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True.
Ans. D
Sol. R 2 = 1X
 R
X= 2
1
To keep same null point, means 1 and 2 are same. As temperature increases value of unknown
resistance increases. To get same null point, R must be increased. So statement 1 is wrong.
Statement-2 is true.

Ans. (D)

17. For the circuit shown in the figure [IIT-JEE 2009]

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

I 2kΩ R1

24V 6kΩ R2 RL 1.5kΩ

(A) the current I through the battery is 7.5 mA

(B) the potential difference across RL is 18 V
(C) ratio of powers dissipated in R1 and R2 is 3
(D) If R1 and R2 are interchanged magnitude of the power dissipated in RL will decrease by a
factor of 9
Ans. AD
 6 ×1.5  6 16
Sol . Req =  + 2 = +2= kΩ
 7.5  5 5

V 24 3
Ι = = × 5 mA = × 5 = 7.5 mA
R eq 16 2

for potential difference across R1 ⇒ V1 = 7.5 × 2 = 15 V

for potential difference across R2 ⇒ V2 = 24 – 15 = 9 V
V2 V2 (15) 2 92 25
for power : PR1 : PR 2 = 1 : 2 = : =
R1 R 2 2 6 3

V22 92
PR L = = = 54 mW
RL 1.5
If R1 and R2 are interchanged

 (2) (1.5)  3
R´ = R1 || R2 =   =
 2 + 1.5  3.5
R´
V´L = × 24 V = 3 V
R 2 + R´
V ´2L 32
Now power dissipated in RL is P´L = = = 6 mW
RL 1.5

18. Incandescent bulbs are designed by keeping in mind that the resistance of their filament
increases with the increase in temperature. If at room temperature, 100 W, 60 W and 40 W
bulbs have filament resistance R100, R60 and R40, respectively, the relation between these
resistances is [IIT JEE- 2010]
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) = + (B) R100 = R40 + R60 (C) R100 > R60 > R40 (D) > >
R100 R 40 R 60 R100 R 60 R 40
Ans. D

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 84
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
2
V 1 100
Sol. 100 = ⇒ = 2
R '100 R '100 V
where R’100 is resistance at any temperature corresponds to 100 W
V2 1 60
60 = ⇒ = 2
R '60 R '60 V
V2 1 40
40 = ⇒ = 2
R '40 R '40 V
From above equations we can say
1 1 1
> > .
R '100 R '60 R '40
So, most appropriate answer is option (D).

19. To verify Ohm’s law, a student is provided with a test resistor RT, a high resistance R1, a small
resistance R2, two identical galvanometers G1 and G2, and a variable voltage source V. The
correct circuit to carry out the experiment is : [IIT JEE- 2010]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Ans. C
Sol. To verify Ohm's law one galvaometer is used as ammeter and other galvanometer is used as
voltameter. Voltameter should have high resistance and ammeter should have low resistance as
voltameter is used in parallel and ammeter in series that is in option (C).

20. Consider a thin square sheet of side L and thickness t, made of a material of resistivity ρ. The
resistance between two opposite faces, shown by the shaded areas in the figure is [IIT JEE- 2010]

(A) directly proportional to L (B) directly proportional to t

(C) independent of L (D) independent of t

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ans. C
ρl
Sol. R=
A
ρL ρ
R= =
tL t
Independent of L.

21. When two identical batteries of internal resistance 1Ω each are connected in series across a
resistor R, the rate of heat produced in R is J1. When the same batteries are connected in
parallel across R, the rate is J2. If J1 = 2.25 J2 then the value of R in Ω is [IIT JEE- 2010]
Ans. 4
Sol.

2ε
i=
2+R
 2ε 
2

J1 =   R
 2+R 
ε ε
+
εeq = 1 1 = ε
1 1
+
1 1
1 ε 2ε
req = ⇒ i= =
2 1
+R 2R + 1
2
 2ε 
2

J2 =   R
 1 + 2R 
9
Given J1 = J2
4
 2ε  9  2ε 
2 2

⇒   R= 
4  1 + 2R 
R
 2+R 
2 3
⇒ =
2 + R 1 + 2R
⇒ 2 + 4R = 6 + 3R
⇒ R = 4Ω.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
22. Two batteries of different emfs and different internal resistances are connected as shown. The
voltage across AB in volts is [IIT JEE- 2011]
6V 1Ω

A B

3V 2Ω
Ans. 5
E1 E 2 6 3
+ +
r1 r2 1 2
=
Sol. ε =
1 1 1 1
+ +
r1 r2 1 2
15
= = 5 volt
3
23. A meter bridge is set-up as shown, to determine an unknown resistance ‘X’ using a standard 10
ohm resistor. The galvanometer shows null point when tapping-key is at 52 cm mark. The end-
corrections are 1 cm and 2 cm respectively for the ends A and B. The determined value of ‘X’ is
[IIT JEE- 2011]
X 10Ω

A B

(A) 10.2 ohm (B) 10.6 ohm (C) 10.8 ohm (D) 11.1 ohm
Ans. B
X l1'
Sol. =
10 l2'
Where l1' and l2' are the length with end corrections.
l1' = 52 + 1 = 53 cm
l2' = 48 + 2 = 50 cm
X 53 53 53
= ⇒X= ×10 =
10 50 50 5
=
X 10.6Ω

24. For the resistance network shown in the figure, choose the correct option(s). [IIT JEE- 2012]
P I2 2Ω S
2Ω 2Ω
1Ω 1Ω
4Ω 4Ω
4Ω
Q T
I1

12V
(A) the current through PQ is zero (B) I1 = 3A
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(C) The potential at S is less than that at Q (D) I2 = 2A
Ans. ABCD
Sol. Due to input and output symmetry P and Q and S and T have same potential.

6 ×12
Req = = 4Ω
18
12
Ι1 = = 3A
4
Ι2 =
Ι2 = 2 A
VA – VS = 2 × 4 = 8V
VA – VT = 1 × 8 = 8V
VP = VQ ⇒ Current through PQ = 0 (A)
VP = VQ ⇒ VQ > VS (C)
I1 = 3A (B)
I2 = 2A (D)

25. Heater of an electric kettle is made of a wire of length L and diameter d. It takes 4 minutes to
raise the temperature of 0.5 kg water by 40 K. This heater is replaced by a new heater having
two wires of the same material, each of length L and diameter 2d. The way these wires are

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
connected is given in the options. How much time in minutes will it take to raise the
temperature of the same amount of water by 40K? [JEE Adv.-2014(Paper-1)]
(A) 4 if wires are in parallel (B) 2 if wires are in series
(C) 1 if wires are in series (D) 0.5 if wires are in parallel.
Ans. BD
L 4ρL
Sol. In given Kettle R= ρ = 2
d
2
πd
π 
2
2
V
P=
R
L ρL
In second Kettle R1 = ρ 2 R2 =
πd πd 2
R
So R1 = R2 =
4
If wires are in parallel equivalent resistance
R
RP =
8
then power PP= 8P
so it will take 0.5 minute
If wires are in series equivalent resistance
R
RS =
2
then power PS = 2P
so it will take 2 minutes

26. Two ideal batteries of emf V1 and V2 and three resistances R1, R2 and R3 are connected as
shown in the figure. The current in resistance R2 would be zero if [JEE Adv.-2014(Paper-1)]

V1 R1
R2

R3

(A) V1 = V2 and R1 = R2 = R3 (B) V1 = V2 and R1 = 2R2 = R3

(C) V1 = 2V2 and 2R1 = 2R2 = R3 (D) 2V1 = V2 and 2R1 = R2 = R3
Ans. ABD
Sol.

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Potential of Junction O
V1 V
+0− 2
R1 R3
V0 =
1 1 1
+ +
R1 R 2 R 3
Current through R2 will be zero if
V R
V0 = 0 ⇒ 1 = 1
V2 R3

27. A galvanometer gives full scale deflection with 0.006 A current. By connecting it to a 4990Ω
2n
resistance, it can be converted into a voltmeter of range 0 –30 V. If connected to a Ω
249
resistance, it becomes an ammeter of range 0 – 1.5 A. The value of n is
[JEE Adv.-2014(Paper-1)]
Ans. 5
6
Sol. (G + 4990) = 30
1000
30, 000
⇒ G + 4990 = = 5000
6
⇒ G = 10

6  6 
×10 = 1.5 − S
1000  1000 
60 2n
⇒S= =
1494 249
249 × 30 2490
⇒n= = =5
1494 498

28. During an experiment with a metre bridge, the galvanometer shows a null point when the
jockey is pressed at 40.0 cm using a standard resistance of 90W, as shown in the figure. The
least count of the scale used in the metre bridge is 1 mm. The unknown resistance is
[JEE Adv.-2014(Paper-2)]

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

R 90Ω

40.0cm
(A) 60 ± 0.15Ω (B) 135 ± 0.56Ω (C) 60 ± 0.25Ω (D) 135 ± 0.23Ω
Ans. C
Sol. For balanced meter bridge
X 
=
R (100 −  )
X 90
= ⇒ X = 60Ω
40 60

X=R
(100 −  )
∆X ∆ ∆ 0.1 0.1
=+ =+
X  100 −  40 60
= 0.25
so X = (60 + 0.25) Ω

29. In an aluminium (Al) bar of square cross section, a square hole is drilled and is filled with iron
(Fe) as shown in the figure. The electrical resistivities of Al and Fe are 2.7 × 10–8 W m and
1.0 × 10–7 W m, respectively. The electrical resistance between the two faces P and Q of the
composite bar is [JEE Adv.-2015(Paper-1)]

A1 50 mm
Fe
2 mm P
7 mm
2475 1875 1875 2475
(A) Ω (B) µΩ (C) µΩ (D) µΩ
64 64 49 132
Ans. B
Sol.
RFe

A B
RA
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
−3
ρFe × 50 ×10
RFe = = 1250µΩ
(2 ×10−3 ) 2
ρA × 50 ×10−3
RAl = = 30 µΩ
(49 − 4) ×10−6
1250 × 30 1875
Req = = µΩ
1280 64

30. In the following circuit, the current through the resistor R = (2Ω) is I Amperes. The value of I
is [JEE Adv.-2015(Paper-1)]

Ans. 1
Sol.
2Ω

6.5V 6Ω 2Ω

12Ω 4Ω

Equivalent circuit :
13
Req = Ω
2
So, current supplied by cell = 1A
31. An infinite line charge of uniform electric charge density λ lies along the axis of an electrically
conducting infinite cylindrical shell of radius R. At tme t = 0, the space inside the cylinder is
filled with a material of permittivity ε and electrical conductivity σ. The electrical conduction
in the material follows Ohm's law. Which one of the following graphs best describes the
subsequent variation of the magnitude of current density j(t) at any point the material?
[JEE Adv.-2016(Paper-1)]
j(t) j(t)

(A) (B)
t t
(0,0) (0,0)

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
j(t) j(t)

(C) (D)
t t
(0,0) (0,0)
Ans. C
Sol.

dr

For infinite line,

λ −λ
E= S ⇒ dV = dr
2πεr 2πεr
Current through an element shell;
λ
dr
| dV | 2πεr λσ
I== =
dR 1
×
dr ε
σ 2πr
This current is radially outward so,
d −λσ dλ σ
(λ ) = ⇒ = −   dt
dt ε λ ε
⇒ λ = λ0 e –(σ/ε)t

I λσ  λ σ 
So, j = = =  0  e−(σ/ ε ) t
2πr 2πεr  2πεr 

32. An incandescent bulb has a thin filament of tungsten that is heated to high temperature by
passing an electric current. The hot filament emits black-body radiation. The filament is
observed to break up at random location after a sufficiently long time of operation due to non-
uniform evaporation of tungsten from the filament. If the bulb is powered at constant voltage,
which of the following statement(s) is(are) ture? [JEE Adv.-2016(Paper-1)]
(A) The temeprature distribution over the filament is uniform
(B) The resistance over small sections of the filament decreases with time
(C) The filament emits more light at higher band of frequencies before it breaks up
(D) The filament consumes less electrical power towards the end of the life of the bulb
Ans. CD

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Sol. When filament breaks up, the temperature of filament will be higher so according to wein’s
 1 
law  λ ∝ , Vm ∝ T  , the filament emits more light at higher band of frequencies. As
 T 
V2
voltage is constant, so consumed electrical power is P = , As R increases with increase
R
in temperature so the filament consumes less electrical power towards the end of the life of
the bulb.

33. Consider two identical galvanometers and two identical resistors with resistance R. If the
internal resistance of the galvanometers RC < R/2, which of the following statement(s) about
any one of the galvanometers is(are) true?
[JEE Adv.-2016(Paper-2)]
(A) The maximum voltage range is obtained when all the components are connected in series
(B) The maximum voltage range is obtained when the two resistors and one galvanometer are
connected in series, and the second galvanometer is connected in parallel to the first
galvanometer
(C) The maximum current range is obtained when all the components are connected in parallel
(D) The maximum current range is obtained when the two galvanometers are connected in
series and the combination is connected in parallel with both the resistors
Ans. BC
Sol. For maximum voltage range across a galvanometer, all the elements must be connected in
series. For maximum current range through a galvanometer, all the elements should be
connected in parallel.

34. Two identical moving coil galvanometers have 10 Ω resistance and full scale deflection at 2 µA
current. One of them is converted into a voltmeter of 100 mV full scale reading and the other
into an Ammeter of 1mA full scale current using appropriate resistors. These are then used to
measure the voltage and current in the Ohm's law experiment with R = 1000 Ω H resistor by
using an ideal cell. Which of the following statement(s) is are correct?
[JEE Advanced–2019]
(1) The resistance of the Voltmeter will be 100 Ω
(2) The resistance of the Ammeter will be 0.02 Ω (round off to 2nd decimal place)
(3) The measured value of R will be 978 Ω < R < 982 Ω
(4) If the ideal cell is replaced by a cell having internal resistance of 5 Ω then the measured
value of R will be more than 1000 Ω.
Ans. (2,3)
Sol. RG = 10 Ω, IG = 2µA

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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
For voltmeter :
100 mV = (Rv + 10) × 2µA
⇒ Rv ≅ 50 kΩ Rv
V
For Ammeter :
(1 mA – 2µA) RA = 2µA × 10
⇒ RA = 0.02 Ω i R

In ohm’s law experiment : RA A

R = 1000
RA is negligible
∈ (R + R v )
I= =∈ ∈
RR v RR v
R + Rv
Re ading of voltmeter ∈
So measured resistance = =
Reading of Ammeter i
RR v 1000 × 50 kΩ
= = = 980 Ω
R + R v 1000 + 50 KΩ
When battery has internal resistance of r = 5 Ω
∈
So i=
RR v
r+
R + Rv
∈ −ir ∈ RR v
Measured resistance = = −r = r+ −r
i i R + Rv
= 980 Ω

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