Midas Civil

Starter Pack Program II

✓Lesson 1: Boundary Conditions in Midas

Civil
✓Lesson 2: Utilizing Midas Civil’s Bridge
Wizards
✓Lesson 3: Bridge Load Type in Midas Civil
❑Lesson 4: Analysis Control in Midas Civil
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 2
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9. Construction Stage
10. Suspension Bridge
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 3
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load

1
7. Settlement
8.
9.
Nonlinear
Construction Stage
Introduction
10. Suspension Bridge
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Introduction 4
A Structural Analysis refers to mathematical simulations of numerical analysis
model of a structure. It allows us, the structural engineers, to investigate the behavior
of the structure subjected to anticipated eventual circumstances.
For a successful structural analysis, it should be premised that the structural
properties and the surrounding environmental conditions for the structure are
defined correctly.
External conditions such as different kinds of loading such as vehicular moving
loads and seismic loadings may be determined by applicable structural codes or
obtained by statistical approach.
In Midas Civil, first order analysis is automatic, but aside from the conventional
approach, we have the Analysis Tab with functions for different kinds of advanced
analyses that you can perform. On this presentation, we will have a quick run through
of the most commonly used analysis function in the software.
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 5
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
P-Delta Analysis
2
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
P-Delta Analysis Control 6
1
2

P-Delta Analysis is a type of Geometric Nonlinearity

which accounts for the secondary structural behavior
when axial and transverse loads are simultaneously
applied to a structural member.

Linear static analysis of performed first for a given

loading condition and then a new geometric stiffness
matrix is formulated based on the member forces/stresses
obtained from the first analysis. The geometric stiffness
matrix is this repeatedly modifies and used to perform
subsequent static analyses until the given convergence
conditions are satisfied.

Flow Chart of P-Delta Analysis in

Midas Civil
P-Delta Analysis Control 7
Below are simple diagrams for the behavior of columns due to P-Delta effects.

Column Subjected to Tension and Lateral Forces Simultaneously

Column Subjected to Compression and Lateral Forces Simultaneously

P-Delta Analysis Control 8

In P-Delta Analysis Control Data dialog box, you will

set how you want your P-Delta Analysis will be performed.

In the Control Parameters, you need to set the

Number of Iterations and Convergence Tolerance (or
Displacement Tolerance)

Then in P-Delta Combination, you have to indicate

the static load cases that will be included during P-Delta
Analysis.

P-Delta Analysis Control

Dialog Box
P-Delta Analysis Control 9
Below is a simple comparison of two columns loaded with the same lateral
and axial load with and without P-Delta Analysis.

Without P-Delta With P-Delta

Analysis Analysis

Moment Diagrams of Columns Without and With P-Delta Analysis

P-Delta Analysis Control 10
You may refer to DPWH-BSDS 2013 4.7 for the provision to check if P-Delta
Analysis is required on your model.

DPWH-BSDS 2013 4.7

Analysis Control in Midas Civil 11
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Buckling Analysis
3
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Buckling Analysis Control 12
1
2

To determine whether the structure is buckling due

to axial loads, we need to perform Buckling Analysis.
Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA) is the most common
Buckling Analysis used to determine the critical load
factors and the corresponding Buckling Mode Shapes of a
structure.

Buckling Analysis Schematics

in Midas Civil
Sample Diagram for Buckled Shapes in Column
Buckling Analysis Control 13

In Buckling Analysis Control dialog box, you need to

indicate the Number of Modes, or the number of buckling
modes that you want to check on your model.

For the Load Factor Range, two options are available:

• Positive Value Only – critical load factors are checked
based on the direction of buckling loads only.
• Search – calculates the critical load factors within the
defined range. From for minimum and To for maximum.

Sturm Sequence Check is used to detect any missed

buckling load factors. If there are any missed buckling load
factors, an error message is displayed in the message
window.
Buckling Analysis Control
Dialog Box
Buckling Analysis Control 14

For Frame Geometric Stiffness Option, you may check

Consider Axial Force Only to check for Axial Buckling only.
Other types of buckling are Torsional Buckling and Lateral
Torsion Buckling.

You also need to set the Load Cases

that you want to consider during
Buckling Analysis in the Buckling
Combination.

Critical Load Factors are multiplied

in the initial load to obtain the critical
load on which the structure will start to
Buckling Analysis Control
Dialog Box buckle.
Sample Buckling Mode Shape
Result in Midas Civil
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 15
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Eigenvalue Analysis
4
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Eigenvalue Analysis Control 16
1
2

Eigenvalue Analysis is also referred as

Free Vibration Analysis and used to analyze
the dynamic characteristic of the structure.

The dynamic characteristics obtained

by an Eigenvalue Analysis include Vibration
Modes (Vibration Mode Shapes), Natural
Periods of Vibration (Natural Frequencies),
and Modal Participation Factors. They are
Eigenvalue Analysis Control Dialog Box determined by the mass and the stiffness of
a structure.

Midas Civil uses lumped masses in analyses for efficiency. Mass Data can be
assigned in Load Tab > Static Load > Structure Loads and Masses and in the Structure
Type dialog box to consider the self-weight as mass.
Eigenvalue Analysis Control 17
Two types of analysis can be selected for
Eigenvalue Analysis, namely the Eigen Vectors
and Ritz Vectors.

For Eigen Vectors, you can use Subspace

Eigen Vector – Subspace Iteration Iteration which is suitable for the analysis of
large structures and Lacnzos which is effective
when performing Eigenvalue analysis for lower
modes.

Ritz Vector is another analysis approach in

Eigenvalue known to be more effective than
Eigen Vector – Lanczos Eigen Vector. This method finds the natural
frequency by assuming a mode shape of a
multiple degree of freedom structure and
converting it into a single degree of freedom
system.

Required parameters differ based on the

Type of Analysis that you choose.
Ritz Vector
Eigenvalue Analysis Control 18
Below is a sample mass participation result in Midas Civil. Modal Participation Masses
Printout from Vibration Mode Shape Table result. You may notice that there are zero mass
participation on Trans-Z, meaning, mass participation along Z-direction is not considered.

Modal Participation Masses Printout

Analysis Control in Midas Civil 19
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Heat of Hydration
5
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Analysis Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Heat of Hydration Analysis Control 20
1
2

In a certain concrete structure with considerable mass,

the rate and amount of heat generation due to hydration are
important. Non-uniform thermal expansion and contraction
due to heat of hydration and cooling of concrete
accompanied by changing constraints create undesirable
stresses. The stresses may cause detrimental cracking in the
concrete, reducing its strength and durability.

This is where Heat of Hydration Analysis becomes

important. This enables us to predict and control the
temperature and stress distribution within the structure to
avoid potential failures.

Heat of Hydration Analysis

Control Dialog Box
Heat of Hydration Analysis Control 21

In Midas Civil, the two main type of Heat of Hydration

Analysis that are being performed are Heat Transfer Analysis
and Thermal Stress Analysis.

Heat Transfer Analysis calculates the nodal temperature

with time due to Conduction, convection, Heat Source, Pipe
Cooling, Initial Temperature, Ambient Temperature, and
Prescribed Temperature.

In Thermal Stress Analysis, stresses in a mass concrete

at each construction stage are calculated by considering Heat
Transfer Analysis Result (such as nodal temperature
distribution) and stresses due to time dependent material
properties such as creep and shrinkage.
Heat of Hydration Analysis
Control Dialog Box
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 22
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Moving Load Analysis
6
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Moving Load Analysis Control 23
1
2

If Traffic Lanes, Vehicular Loads, and Moving Load

Cases are defined in the model, Midas Civil will perform
Moving Load Analysis.
Moving Load Analysis is used to generate influence
lines/surfaces that is used to calculate displacements,
member forces, and reactions due to moving loads.
Moving Load Analysis of a bridge structure entails a
series of analyses for all loading conditions created along
the entire moving load path to find the maximum and
minimum values, which are used as the results of the
moving load case.

Moving Load Analysis Control Data dialog box lets

you modify how you want your moving load analysis to
Moving Load Analysis be performed.
Control Dialog Box
Moving Load Analysis Control 24
For the Analysis Method:
• Exact – individual concentrated loads forming the
multiple axle vehicular loads are sequentially applied to
every nodes along the traffic lanes.
• Pivot – only a reference axle load is applied to every
nodes along the traffic line lane.
• Quick – individual concentrated loads forming the multi-
axle vehicular loads are applied to the location of
maximum and minimum value of influence line only.

Influence Generating Points controls the accuracy

of the influence line. The accuracy increases as you
increase the number of reference point per element, but
the analysis time increases as well. You can define it by
either:
• Number/Line Elements – assign the number of
reference point per line/surface lane element.
Moving Load Analysis
Control Dialog Box • Distance Between Points – assign an exact intervals
between the reference points in generating the
influence line.
Moving Load Analysis Control 25
Below are simple diagrams to illustrate Exact, Pivot, and Quick Analysis Method.

Exact Analysis Method Pivot Analysis Method Quick Analysis Method

Analysis Control in Midas Civil 26
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Settlement Analysis
7
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Settlement Analysis Control 27
1
2

To analyze the bridge structure for support

settlements in typical situations, the support nodes that
are simultaneously undergoing settlement are collected
into one settlement group. In Midas Civil, it is defined in
the Load Tab > Settlement/Misc. > Settlement Analysis
Data.

Settlement Analysis is automatically performed

once the Settlement Analysis Data is defined. Additional
Settlement Analysis Control options are provided in the Settlement Analysis Control
Dialog Box Data dialog box, namely:
• Plate Concurrent Force
• Elastic/General Link Concurrent Forces
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 28
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Nonlinear Analysis
8
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Settlement Analysis Control 29
1
2

The assumption of linear behavior is valid for most

structures; however, Nonlinear Analysis is necessary
when stresses are excessive, or large displacements exist
in the structure. Examples are construction stages for
suspension bridges and cable stayed bridges.

Nonlinear Analysis can be classified into three main

categories:
• Material Nonlinear Analysis
• Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
• Boundary Nonlinear Analysis

Nonlinear Analysis Control Nonlinear Analysis Control function is used to

Dialog Box
define how you want your Geometry Nonlinear and
Material Nonlinear Analysis to be performed.
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 30
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Construction Stage
9
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Analysis Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Construction Stage Analysis Control 31
1

2
Construction Stage Analysis is a kind of analysis that performs separate
but inter-related analysis for the completed structure and the interim
structures during the construction.

This can minimize the failures that can happen during construction since
temporary members and supports can already be taken into consideration at
the design stage.

Also, during construction stage, the behavior of the structure due to re-
distribution of deflections and stresses, time dependent properties such as
creep and shrinkage, changes in loading conditions, etc., are simulated.

Construction Stage Analysis is important since most of the time, bridges

during construction stages are more critical than the complete structure.
Construction Stage Analysis Control 32
There are a lot of options in the
Construction Stage Analysis Control
Data dialog box, but for starters,
most used are as follow.
For the Final Stage, select
either the Last Stage (the last CS that
was defined) or Other Stage aside
from the last. The configuration of
the model at Final Stage will be
adapted during Post-Processing
mode.
Construction Stage Analysis Control Data Dialog Box

Under Analysis Option, you can select Analysis Type either Linear, Nonlinear, or Material
Nonlinear Analysis. Then choose if Independent Stage or Accumulative Stage. Independent
Stage analyzes each construction stages individually, while Accumulative Stage takes into
consideration the analysis results from the previous stages.
For the results during construction stages, deadloads are lumped into one load case
which is C.S. Dead Load. If you want to check the effect of a specific dead load during
construction stages, you need to define it in Load Cases to be Distinguished from Dead
Load for C.S. Output.
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 33
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Suspension Bridge
10
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Analysis Control
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Construction Stage Analysis Control 34
1
2

The analysis of a suspension bridge is divided mainly

into two, the Completed Stage Analysis and Construction
Stage Analysis. Suspension Bridges exhibit significant
nonlinear behavior during construction stages, but it can be
assumed that the bridge will behave linearly at Completed
Stage Analysis for additional loads such as vehicular live
loads and earthquake loads.

Suspension Bridge Analysis Control needs to be

defined for the analysis of cable forces due to Large
Displacements and Small Displacements due to its nonlinear
and linear behavior, respectively.

Suspension Bridge Analysis

Control Dialog Box
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 35
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Boundary Change
11
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Assignment
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Settlement Analysis Control 36
1
2

Boundary Change Assignment function

is used to define different boundary
conditions to be considered in different kinds
of analyses.

For example, you can use analyze a single

model as discontinuous span during moving
load analysis and continuous span during
response spectrum analysis.

Boundary Change Assignment To Load Cases/Analyses

Dialog Box
Analysis Control in Midas Civil 37
Overview
1. Introduction
2. P-Delta
3. Buckling
4. Eigenvalue
5. Heat of Hydration
6. Moving Load
Approximate Tendon
12
7. Settlement
8. Nonlinear
9.
10.
Construction Stage
Suspension Bridge Losses
11. Boundary Change
Assignment
12. Approximate Tendon
Losses
Approximate Tendon Losses Analysis Control 38
1
2

Approximate Tendon Losses function in

Midas Civil lets you calculate the
approximate tendon losses. These tendon
losses are classified into 2, Instantaneous
Losses and Time Dependent Losses.

Instantaneous Losses includes losses

due to friction, anchorage slip, and elastic
shortening.

Time Dependent Losses are creep,

Approximate Estimate of Time Dependent Tendon Losses
Dialog Box shrinkage, and relaxation.
• Moving Loads

Thank you!