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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS ix
CHAPTER TITLE
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Introduction to Transmission Line 1
1.2. Aim and Objectives 2
1.3. Scope of the Thesis 2
1.4. Implementation Programmes 2
1.5. Outline of the Thesis 3
2 OVERVIEW OF TRANSMISSION LINES 4
2.1. Type of Conductors 4
2.2. Line Constants 5
2.3. Resistance 5
2.4. Inductance 7
2.5. Capacitance 8
2.6. Parallel Admittance 9
2.7. Line Constant at Bundle Conductor 9
2.8. Electrical Characteristics 10
2.8.1. Short Transmission Line 11
2.8.2. Medium Transmission Line 12
2.8.3. Long Transmission Line 14
2.9. Voltage Regulation 15
2.10. Surge Impedance 16
2.11. Surge Impedance Loading 16
2.12. Line Load-ability 16
2.13. Spacer Damper 17
3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR EXTRA–HIGH–VOLTAGE
TRANSMISSION LINES 19
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3.1. Selection of Transmission Line Voltage 19
3.2. Insulation of Transmission Line 19
3.2.1. Number of Insulator Discs 19
3.2.2. Horn Gap 20
3.2.3. Temporary Arcing Horn 20
3.2.4. Lighting and Insulation of Transmission Line 21
3.2.5. Determination of Insulation Design 21
3.3. Choice of Conductor 22
3.3.1. Economic Size of Conductor 23
3.3.2. Choice of Conductor by Corona Voltage 23
3.3.3. Bundle Conductor 24
3.4. Spacing of Conductor 24
3.5. Conductor Surface Gradients 25
3.6. Conductor Configuration 27
3.7. Design of Insulator 27
3.7.1. Selection of Insulator Type 28
3.7.2. Suspension Insulator Set 28
3.7.3. Tension Insulator Set 28
3.7.4. Contamination Design for Porcelain Insulator 29
3.8. Corona 29
3.8.1. Condition Affecting Corona 30
3.8.2. Power Loss due to Corona 30
3.9. Corona Performance in Transmission Line 31
3.10. Audible Noise 33
3.11. Radio Frequency Interference 36
3.12. Spans 37
3.12.1. The Basic or Normal Span 38
3.12.2. Ruling or Equivalent Span 38
3.12.3. Average Span 40
3.12.4. Wind Span 40
3.12.5. Weight Span 40
3.13. Sag and Tension Relation 40
3.13.1. Basic Formulae 41
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3.13.2. Sag in Span Variation 43
3.13.3. Tension in Temperature Variation 43
3.14. Loading Condition 44
3.15. Standard Span 44
3.16. Critical Span 44
3.17. Maximum Sag of Conductor for Equal Level 45
3.18. Tower Height 47
4 DESIGN CALCULATION OF MEIKHTILA–TAUNGOO–
KAMANUT 500 kV EHV AC TRANSMISSION LINE 48
4.1. Design Calculation for Meikhtila–Taungoo–Kamanut 500 kV
Transmission Line 48
4.2. Line Constant Calculation 51
4.3. Transmission Capability Calculation 54
4.4. Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading 57
4.5. Electrical Environmental Design Calculation 57
4.6. Mechanical Design Calculation 62
5 ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE CALCULATION OF
MEIKHTILA–TAUNGOO–KAMANUT 500 kV AC
TRANSMISSION LINE 69
5.1. Line Route and Longitudinal Section Design 69
5.2. Topography 70
5.3. Climate 70
5.4. Transmission Line Route 71
5.5. Transmission Line Route Surroundings 71
5.6. Obstacles 72
5.7. Transposition Tower 72
5.8. Type of Tower 73
5.9. Tower and Span Analysis 74
5.10. Conductor Selection 77
5.11. Ground Wire Selection 78
5.12. Performance Calculation 79
6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 84
6.1. Discussions 84
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6.2. Conclusion 85
REFERENCES 86
APPENDICES 87
APPENDIX A 88
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 91