Historical Background and Geographical Data

Tagaytay City, Cavite, Philippines

A. History
The Philippines or officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, derived its name from the king of
Spain, King Philip II (1556-1598), who was the king during the Spanish Colonization in the 16th century,
which was led by Ferdinand Magellan. Further, Philippines is a nation in the region of Southeast Asia. It is
strategically located in the western Pacific Ocean between the Philippine Sea (east) and the South China
Sea (west). Its nearest neighboring countries were Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is an archipelago
consisting of more than 7,107 islands. However, in 2016, it was announced by the National Mapping and
Resource Information Authority of the Philippines, the discovery of more than 500 unexplored islands,
making the total number of islands to 7,640. The three major islands which constitute the Philippines are
categorized as, Luzon, the most populous and largest island from the north; Visayas in the middle and the
second largest island and Mindanao, in Southeast. The citizens of the Philippines are called Filipinos and
its official language are Filipino and English. While Tagalog is the regularized variety of Filipino language
that is widely used in the country, particularly, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Moreover, there
are more than 180 ethnic languages spoken in the country, such as, Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinense,
Pampango, Waray, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilonggo, Bicolano, and many more depending on its region.

Further, the Philippines has had three constitutions, the first of which was enacted in 1935, during the
United States government. It was based in the United States. A bicameral legislature, an executive branch
led by a president, and an independent judiciary were all incorporated in the Constitution. The old
constitution was abolished and replaced with a new Constitution (approved in January 1973) that
converted the Philippine government from a presidential to a parliamentary structure during the time of
martial law (1972–81) under President Ferdinand E. Marcos. The president was elevated to the position
of head of state, with a prime minister and cabinet in charge of the executive branch. However, after the
demise of Marcos' regime in 1986, a new constitution similar to the 1935 document was drafted and
ratified in a referendum in February 1987. Its main provision was the restoration of a bicameral legislature
known as the Congress of the Philippines, which consisted of a House of Representatives (with
approximately 290 members) and a much smaller Senate (some two dozen members). House members
are elected from districts, though some are appointed; they are limited to three consecutive three-year
terms. Senators elected at large are limited to two six-year terms. In May 1987, the first legislative election
under the new constitution was held. The president, as the head of state, can serve only one six-year term,
while the vice president can serve two consecutive six-year terms. The president appoints the cabinet,
which is made up of the heads of the various ministries in charge.

Based on the Philippine Statistics Authority, in 2020, the Philippines has a total population of 109, 033,
245, which makes the Philippines rank as the 13th populous country in the world and is equal to 1.41% of
the total world population. And the population density is about 363 persons per square kilometer.

According to the United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report (UNDP-HDR) of
2019, the Human Development Index of the Philippines is 0.718, place 107th out of 189 countries while its
Multidimensional Poverty Index is 0.024 as of 2017. This is measured through the following key
dimensions indicator, Philippines’ life expectancy of 71.2%; the expected years of schooling of 13.1%,
while the mean years of schooling are 9.4%; and the Gross National Income per capita (2017 PPP$) is
$9,778. And as reported by the official World Bank, the Philippines' Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was
around 361.49 billion dollars in 2020. Philippines' GDP accounts for 0.32 percent of the global economy.

The Philippines is an agricultural country. The agriculture industry (including fishery and forestry) is a
significant part of the Philippine economy, still accounting for only around one-seventh of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). Crops may be cultivated all year in the country's rich and fertile soils, and the agricultural
sector employs about one-third of the workforce. Rice is the staple food in the Philippines and is grown in
central and north-central Luzon, south-central Mindanao, western Negros, and eastern and central Panay,
among other places. Rice cultivation takes up almost a quarter of all farmland. Rice production in the
Philippines has improved significantly since the early 1970s, and in certain years there has been enough
of a surplus to export rice. Likewise, sugarcane, coconuts, bananas, corn (maize), and pineapples are also
included as main agricultural products.

Geographic location of the country

- Population: number of inhabitants and ethnic groups
- Political regime: historical notes, possible conflicts and internal unrest
- National and per capita GDP
- Economy: economic conditions and main economic sectors
- Country development level: Human Development Index (HDI- UNDP Report), Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI- UNDP)
- Data on education and health

https://www.tagaytay.gov.ph/
https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/cavite/tagaytay.html
https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-region-iv-calabarzon-population-2020-census-population-and-
housing-2020-cph

Tagaytay, formally the City of Tagaytay or Lungsod ng Tagaytay, is a 2nd class component city in the
province of Cavite, under the region of Southwestern, Luzon in CALABARZON (Region IVA), Philippines. It
is on Tagaytay Ridge, on Mount Taal's northern flank, at about 2,000 feet (600 meters) above sea level. It
has both upland hilly and upland mountainous areas, especially in the east and south. The mentioned
locations are covered in forests, open meadows, and pine trees.

The city covers 65.00 square kilometers (25.10 square miles), representing 4.26 percent of Cavite's total
land area. Comprising 34 barangays/districts and has a population of 85,330 people according to the 2020
census. This presented 1.96 percent of Cavite's total population and 0.53 percent of the CALABARZON
region's total population. According to these numbers, the population density is 1,313 people per square
kilometer or 3,400 people per square mile. The majority of the population speaks Tagalog, with the
remainder speaking Bicolano, Ilocano, Cebuano, and other languages
 It is classified as a tropical monsoon climate by the Köppen climate classification system. It signifies the
city has lower humidity and milder temperatures than other cities in Metro Manila, Philippines. One
reason people flock to the city for a honeymoon, picnic, retreat, or quick getaway is the cold weather. It
is also an excellent location for recreational sports such as kite-flying competitions and cycling.

Tagaytay earns an average of more than Php20 million but less than Php30 million as a second-class city.
It has two sides: agrarian and urbanized. Agriculture continues to play an important role in the city's
economy and growth. Agriculture occupies approximately 1,292 hectares of land or almost 20% of the
total land area.

The soil of Tagaytay is rich in volcanic components, making it good for agricultural. The land's capacity to
be cultivated is also influenced by the slope. Pineapple, coffee, bananas, cocoa, camote, cassava, and root
crops are among the country's most important agricultural products. Fresh fruits and vegetables, as well
as cut flowers, are highly valued.

Local and international markets are served by the cut flower industry. Garden plant stores abound along
Tagaytay-Calamba Road. The land dedicated to flower farms was no longer as large as it once was due to
the residential and commercial booms. Hectares of daisies and gladiola farms used to be present.

In Tagaytay City, cattle raising is also a big business. Since beef is indeed the key ingredient in bulalo (beef
marrow stew), a popular dish in the city, the ranch supplies the local entrepreneurs' meat needs.
Crispy tawilis are also a popular menu item (herring). Tawilis is a type of sardine that lives in freshwater.
Tourism is one of Tagaytay's main industries, as previously stated. More information can be found in the
Tourism section.

(political and economic context in the area where the project will take place, analysis of the
local social situation)

Describe the social issues that the project has decided to address, clarifying:
- What are the causes and the dynamics that originate them
- Which social groups are involved
Provide Statistical data

B. Physical Features
1. Land Area
- It has a land area of approximately 774 hectares.
 2. Boundaries
- The community was strategically located. It is within the city’s North periphery
is the La Mesa Reservoir, Eastern boundary is Montalban Rodriguez, Rizal, Southern boundary
is barangay Bagong Silangan, Quezon City and on the Western boundary is barangay
Commonwealth, Quezon City.
3. Terrain
It is characterized by a steep and sloping terrain, crisscrossed by creeks, rivers,
ravines, and low-lying areas near the Marikina River. A fault line runs through its eastern
boundary. A large part of the area is classified as medium residential zone that includes housing
subdivisions, depressed or informal settlements, and undeveloped areas

4. Resources
Mineral
- The community is known for its dumpsite and it has a multiple impact. However
it is more than just a dumpsite, it also represented as a source of livelihood to the residents of
its neighboring areas. Closing it also adversely affected the cleanliness of the whole City.
In 2002, the City government collaborated with Philippine National Oil Corporation
(PNOC)-EC and set up a 100-kW Pilot Methane Power Plant at the dumpsite in 2004 as part of
the conversion program of methane gas into electricity. Payatas is now green in many ways. Its
residents enjoy a park, where the old dumpsite used to be. The stench of garbage is barely
there. There is a composting plant, greenhouses, plant nurseries. Electricity is practically given
away. Streetlights in nearby roads are powered by the dumpsite. The City government has also
launched “Plantsahan ng Bayan,” in the community area where people can simply plug their
electric irons and do their laundry with free electricity.
5. Land Ownership
4 hectares more or less is a part of the National Government Center (NGC) and the
remaining 770 hectares comprises the developed subdivisions, the underdeveloped areas, and
the squatter communities.
II. Demographical Data
A. Total Population
1. Number of people in the community in a given year
- The community has a total population of 267,300 as of 2000-2010 NSO Census,
whereby the member of registered voters is 49, 457.
2. Number of families
- It has an estimated amount of families of 68, 300 and household of 30,000.
 3. Number of family members
-Family members per household normally had a five to six (5-6) members.
B. Percentage Distribution of Population by Age
The researcher perceived that the community has a high number of adult
populations with majority of the age falling under 31-49.
C. Percentage Distribution of Population by Sex
The researcher perceived that the community has a dominant female population of
53% than the male that has a 47%.

III. Economic Data

A. Distribution of Families by Income Level

It shows that most of the households earned only more than Php 1,500 monthly
which absolutely difficult for them to cope up with the daily household expenses
such us, monthly electric and water bills, educational expenditures and other
emergency and leisure expenses.

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines

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https://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/countryinfo.html

https://opinion.inquirer.net/102845/from-7107-to-7641

https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/land-area-sq-km-wb-data.html

https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-population-density-philippines-2020-census-population-and-
housing-2020-cph