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PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)
Tedds calculation version 2.0.07
Pad footing details
Length of pad footing; L = 1200 mm
Width of pad footing ; B = 1200 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L B = 1.440 m 2
Depth of pad footing; h = 300 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 0 mm
Density of concrete; conc = 23.6 kN/m 3
Column details
Column base length; lA = 250 mm
Column base width; bA = 250 mm
Column eccentricity in x; ePxA = 0 mm
Column eccentricity in y; ePyA = 0 mm
Soil details
Dense, moderately graded, sub-angular, gravel
Mobilisation factor; m= ;1.5;
Density of soil; soil = 20.0 kN/m 3
Design shear strength; ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction; = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 200 kN/m 2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 215.9 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 48.6 kN
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Wind axial load on column; PWA = 0.0 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 264.5 kN
Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m 2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m 2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h conc = 7.080 kN/m 2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil soil = 0.000 kN/m 2
Total foundation load; F = A (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 10.2 kN
Moment on column base
Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = -0.486 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = -0.356 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = -0.842 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = -0.097 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = -0.060 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = -0.157 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA h = -0.842 kNm
Restoring moment in x direction
Foundation loading; Mxsur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) L / 2 = 6.117 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) (L / 2 + ePxA) = 129.542 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 135.659 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the x direction
Check stability against overturning in y direction
Total overturning moment; MyOT = MyA + HyA h = -0.157 kNm
Restoring moment in y direction
Foundation loading; Mysur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) B / 2 = 6.117 kNm
Axial loading on column; Myaxial = (PGA) (B / 2 + ePyA) = 129.542 kNm
Total restoring moment; Myres = Mysur + Myaxial = 135.659 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the y direction
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 274.7 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA ePxA + MxA + HxA h) / T = -3 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y ; eTy = (PA ePyA + MyA + HyA h) / T = -1 mm
Check pad base reaction eccentricity
abs(eTx) / L + abs(e Ty) / B = 0.003
Base reaction acts within combined middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures
q1 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 194.242 kN/m 2
q2 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 193.152 kN/m 2
q3 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 188.395 kN/m 2
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q4 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 187.305 kN/m 2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 187.305 kN/m 2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 194.242 kN/m 2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure
Partial safety factors for loads
Partial safety factor for dead loads; fG = 1.40
Partial safety factor for imposed loads; fQ = 1.60
Partial safety factor for wind loads; fW = 0.00
Ultimate axial loading on column
Ultimate axial load on column; PuA = PGA fG + PQA fQ + PWA fW = 380.0 kN
Ultimate foundation loads
Ultimate foundation load; Fu = A [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) fG + FQsur fQ] = 14.3 kN
Ultimate horizontal loading on column
Ultimate horizontal load in x direction; HxuA = HGxA fG + HQxA fQ + HWxA fW = 0.0 kN
Ultimate horizontal load in y direction; HyuA = HGyA fG + HQyA fQ + HWyA fW = 0.0 kN
Ultimate moment on column
Ultimate moment on column in x direction; MxuA = MGxA fG + MQxA fQ + MWxA fW = -1.250 kNm
Ultimate moment on column in y direction; MyuA = MGyA fG + MQyA fQ + MWyA fW = -0.232 kNm
Calculate ultimate pad base reaction
Ultimate base reaction; Tu = Fu + PuA = 394.3 kN
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x; eTxu = (PuA ePxA + MxuA + HxuA h) / Tu = -3 mm
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y ; eTyu = (PuA ePyA + MyuA + HyuA h) / Tu = -1 mm
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Calculate ultimate pad base pressures
q1u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 278.980 kN/m 2
q2u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6Tu eTyu/(BA) = 277.371 kN/m 2
q3u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 270.299 kN/m 2
q4u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6TueTyu/(BA) = 268.690 kN/m 2
Minimum ultimate base pressure; qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 268.690 kN/m 2
Maximum ultimate base pressure; qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 278.980 kN/m 2
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction; fuL = (q1u + q2u) B / 2 = 333.810 kN/m
Right hand base reaction; fuR = (q3u + q4u) B / 2 = 323.393 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Lx = L = 1200 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = -8.681 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length; LL = L / 2 + e PxA = 600 mm
Right hand length; LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 600 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate moment in x direction; Mx = fuL LL2 / 2 + Cx LL3 / 6 - Fu LL2 / (2 L) = 57.632 kNm
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction
Top edge base reaction; fuT = (q2u + q4u) L / 2 = 327.636 kN/m
Bottom edge base reaction; fuB = (q1u + q3u) L / 2 = 329.567 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Ly = B = 1200 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 1.609 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in y direction
Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 600 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 600 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction; My = fuT LT2 / 2 + Cy LT3 / 6 - Fu LT2 / (2 B) - MyuA = 57.123 kNm
Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 250 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 50 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xB = 16 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xB / 2 = 242 mm
Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)
Kx = Mx / (B dx2 fcu) = 0.033
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zx = dx min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 230 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87 fy zx) = 1153 mm2
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Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0024 B h = 864 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 8 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (150 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB xB2 / 4 = 1608 mm 2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Moment design in y direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; yB = 16 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - xB - yB / 2 = 226 mm
Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)
Ky = My / (L dy2 fcu) = 0.037
Ky’ = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zy = dy min([0.5 + (0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 215 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87 fy zy) = 1223 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0024 L h = 864 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 8 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (150 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB yB2 / 4 = 1608 mm 2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate shear force at d from bottom face of column
Ultimate pressure for shear; qsu = (q3u - Cy (B / 2 + ePyA - bA / 2 - dy) / L + q1u) / 2
qsu = 274.472 kN/m 2
Area loaded for shear; As = L (B / 2 + ePyA - bA / 2 - dy) = 0.299 m 2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As (qsu - Fu / A) = 79.051 kN
Shear stresses at d from bottom face of column (cl 3.5.5.2)
Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (L dy) = 0.291 N/mm2
From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 min(3, [100 As_yB_prov / (L dy)]1/3) max((400 mm /
dy)1/4, 0.67) (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.612 N/mm 2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2)+(lA)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2)+(bA)/2]Cy/L =
273.835 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement ; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 234 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA = (lA)(bA) = 0.063 m 2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA = 2(lA)+2(bA) = 1000 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA) ApA = 363.554 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuAeff = VpuA[1+1.5abs(MxuA)/(VpuA(bA))+1.5abs(MyuA)/(VpuA(lA))] =
372.444 kN
Punching shear stresses at face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA d) = 1.592 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
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Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA1.5d = q1u+[L/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2-1.5d)+(bA+21.5d)/2]Cy/L =
273.835 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement ; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 234 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA1.5d = L(bA+21.5d) = 1.142 m 2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA1.5d = 2L = 2400 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5d = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA1.5d) ApA1.5d = 78.543 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5deff = VpuA1.5d 1.25 = 98.179 kN
Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA1.5d = VpuA1.5deff / (upA1.5d d) = 0.175 N/mm2
From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 min(3, [100 (As_xB_prov / (B dx) + As_yB_prov / (L dy)) /
2]1/3) max((800 mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67) (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 /
1.25 = 0.600 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vpuA1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required
