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Cranfield University: Attempt All Questions

This document provides instructions and questions for an exam on mechanical engineering topics including thermodynamics, fluids, and heat transfer. [1] The first question involves analyzing the P-v and T-s diagrams for a diesel cycle engine given specific parameters of the working fluid. It also asks to determine the thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure of the cycle. [2] The second question provides data on the head-flow curve and efficiency of a centrifugal pump. It asks the candidate to plot the curve for a similar pump with different dimensions and use it to calculate the time to fill and drain a water tank system. [3] The final question gives parameters for a steel pipe transporting steam and

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Fabio Bosio
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70 views6 pages

Cranfield University: Attempt All Questions

This document provides instructions and questions for an exam on mechanical engineering topics including thermodynamics, fluids, and heat transfer. [1] The first question involves analyzing the P-v and T-s diagrams for a diesel cycle engine given specific parameters of the working fluid. It also asks to determine the thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure of the cycle. [2] The second question provides data on the head-flow curve and efficiency of a centrifugal pump. It asks the candidate to plot the curve for a similar pump with different dimensions and use it to calculate the time to fill and drain a water tank system. [3] The final question gives parameters for a steel pipe transporting steam and

Uploaded by

Fabio Bosio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY

MSc Military Construction Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (FORMATIVE)

Monday 25 September 2017: 0900 - 1040


(The first 10 minutes (0900 - 0910) is set aside for reading time only)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Use the Formula Sheet and property tables provided.


Work in ink; do not use pencil.
Begin each question in a new answer book.
Number each answer clearly in the margin.
Marks per question are shown in brackets.
Show ALL calculations.
State any appropriate assumptions.
Attempt all questions.

Page 1 of 6
THERMODYNAMICS

1. The Diesel cycle consists of the following processes:

1-2 Frictionless adiabatic compression

2-3 Constant pressure heating

3-4 Frictionless adiabatic expansion.

4-1 Constant volume heat rejection.

At point 1 the pressure and temperature of the fluid are 98 kPa and 44C

respectively. The volume ratio of the adiabatic compression is 15:1 and the

pressure at the end of the adiabatic expansion is 258kPa. For the working gas

 = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kgK where  and R have their usual meanings.

a. Sketch the P - v and T - s diagrams for the cycle. List the pressure,

temperature and specific volume of the working fluid at each point.

(10 Marks)

For the cycle determine:

b. The thermal efficiency (5 marks)

c. The Mean effective pressure (5 marks)

Page 2 of 6
FLUIDS

2. A centrifugal pump, operating at 750 rpm, has the following characteristics


when tested with water at 10C. The pump has an impeller diameter of
500mm.

Head (m) 40 40.6 40.4 39.3 38.0 33.6 25.6 14.5 0

Flow (m3/min) 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56

Efficiency (%) 0 41 60 74 83 83 74 51 0

A geometrically similar pump will be employed in the system shown below to


fill a water tank (B) of diameter 6m. Draining of the tank is achieved through
a pipe, 3m long and 75mm in diameter, at the base of the tank. The drain pipe
friction factor, , is 0.015.

Exit loss at ‘B’, k=0.25

3m

2m
Tank drain pipe
Pipe Diameter = 10cm
Friction factor, , = 0.015
Length A-B = 8m
A
Pipe fitting losses, k, = 1.0

Entry loss at ‘A’, k=0.25

Figure 1. Fluid system for question 2

a. If the geometrically similar pump has an impeller diameter of

450mm and operates at 500 rpm compute and plot the pump

curve for this new pump. (5 marks)

Page 3 of 6
b. Determine the time taken to fill tank B to a height of 3m using the

pump computed in (a) installed. (10 marks)

c. Estimate the time taken to drain the tank if the pump were to be

stopped and the drain pipe opened. (5 marks)

Page 4 of 6
HEAT TRANSFER

3. A 0.2m diameter, thin walled steel pipe is used to transport dry saturated
steam at 2 MPa through a room in which the ambient air temperature is 25°C.
The convection heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the pipe is
estimated to be 20 W/m2K.
It is planned to insulate the pipe with a 50mm thick layer of insulation. For the
insulation =0.058 W/mK and for both steel and insulation  = 0.8 where  and
 have their usual meanings.
a. Determine the maximum steam mass flow rate that can be achieved
for a decrease in steam dryness fraction of 0.05 when the insulation
is not fitted. [5 marks]
b. What is the percentage reduction in heat loss when the insulation is
fitted? [10 marks]
c. Briefly explain how any assumptions made affect the overall accuracy
of your answers for (a) and (b) [5 Marks]

END OF PAPER

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