AR-101 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF
DESIGNS USED IN
BUILDINGS
MADE BY : TEAM 3
❖ HAYA USMANI
❖ DANISH MUHAMMED K.
❖ DAUHA FARIDI
❖ DIKSHA OJHA
❖ IRAM FATIMA
B ARCH FIRST YEAR (REGULAR)
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
➢ Jama Masjid ,Delhi
➢Dome of Rock, Jerusalem
➢Heydar Aliyev Centre ,Baku
➢Victoria Memorial , Kolkata
➢Hawa Mahal, Jaipur
➢Hearst Tower, New York
➢Casa Mila, Spain
➢Meenakshi Temple, Tamil Nadu
➢Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi
➢Petronas Twin Tower, Malaysia
JAMA MASJID DELHI Axis
• SYMMETRY The
• BALANCE structure
is
bilaterally
symmetri
cal along
a central
axis.
The structure is perfectly balanced
• SCALE
• REPETITON The structure
is built in
monumental
Repetition
scale which is
of same very large
elements. when
compared to
human scale.
DOME OF ROCK, JERUSALEM Golden
colored
dome
• SYMMETRY • EMPHASIS draws
main
focus of
the
structur
e
The structure is radially
symmetrical
• SCALE
• PATTERN Regular The
arrangem structure
ents of built in
repeated monume
elements ntal
,ie ,shape scale.
,color etc.
HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER,BAKU • PARALLELISM
• RHYTHM
The
curve
lines are
strongly
repeatin Vertically the form of
g the building are parallel
FAÇADE OF THE
BUILDING • ASYMMETRICAL
BALANCE
• MOVEMENT
It has some kind of
Design of the building
symmetry in it but not
guiding a viewer’s eye In
the proper symmetry through and out of the
building
• SYMMETRY
VICTORIA MEMORIAL, KOLKATA
• REPETITION If we cut The building from
vertical axis there will be
exactly same image in both
side
Pillars are in
repetition
• EMPHASIS
• AXIS
Line containing
two point in
which different
The kind of form can
attraction be arranged in a
and the symmetrical and
focus is on balance manner
the tomb
HAWA MAHAL, JAIPUR • RHYTHM
It follows the
repetitive
pattern of
windows &
• ASSYMMETRY domed
pavilions
stacked
together to
resemble a
the structure is
balanced in terms of • REPETATION honeycomb
design.
colour and also as no
element overpowers
the other.
All window structure looks
It follows a certain order and pattern like the aligned in a specific vertical
concept of symmetry, yet the structure that are manner.
a part of the back side forms an asymmetrical • BALANCE
composition.
• SCALE & PROPORTION
• UNITY
The structure is built with
respect to the monumental • ALIGNMENT
scale.
HEARST TOWER, NEW YORK • RHYTHM
Rhthym is seen as the
repetative pattern made of
• SYMMETRY triangular framing pattern
• SCALE
known as a diagrid.
The structure is
based on
monumental
scale
• REPETATION
• EMPHASIS
• UNITY
It’s a
perfectly
balanced
the structure is structure
balanced in terms of and shows
color and also as no unity The structure can be seen in perfect
element overpowers through alignment, emphasising it’s beauty.
the other. similar and
continuous
triangles.
• BALANCE • ALIGNMENT
CASA MILA,SPAIN
• The elements on the right side have the • It has the visual tempo of a combination of
same visual weight as the elements on elements when used repeatedly and follows
the left side. rhythm.
• It has repeating single element
through the design.
• There is a
level of
difference
between
design
• It has unity I.e. the harmony • It has both sides mirroring each elements.
produced by all the elements in a other in a symmetrical fasion.
design piece.
• VARIETY
MEENAKSHI
TEMPLE,TAMIL
Variety adds
something
NADU
interesting • SYMMETRICAL
to the The elements on the
composition left and right side
to create have the same visual
contrast and weight and are
tension. mirroring each other.
• PATTERN
• PROPORTION Here, there
is a regular
Proportion is arrangement
showing the visual of repeated
size and weight of same
object and how objects.
they relate to each
other.
• RHYTHM/MOVEMENT
HUMAYUN’S TOMB, DELHI Use of
contin
uous
• EMPHASIS
• AXIS arches
• PATTERN
Jali
patterns
used
The white colour dome is
• BALANCE emphasized and acts as a • CONTRAST
marker in the structure. Exudes a stark
contrast against
the blue sky
• SYMMETRY
• HIERARCHY
Hierarchy in the use
In all perspectives , it has a of arches and rise
balanced plan, elevation and a provided for
important structure
balanced view.
PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS, MALAYSIA
• SYMMETRY • UNITY
• PATTERN
The cross section shows two
squares interlocking to each
other, to form an eight
point star shape hence
showing unity.
The floor-plate of the
Tower is designed There is a vertical
based on geometric mirror between the
patterns common in two towers, hence
architecture of Islamic
shows chiral
heritage.
symmetry • PROPORTION AND SCALE
• BALANCED • REPETTITION
symmetrically
balanced due to The buildings are
the fact it is the completely
It has repeating
same building outside of human
single element
repeated . through the design scale.
THANK YOU!
