B1a- Microscopy Checklist
Recall what an electron microscope is.
Recall what is meant by an instrument's resolution.
Explain why some cell structures can be seen with an electron microscope but not
with a light microscope.
Calculate total magnification using an equation.
Calculate sizes using magnifications.
Interpret the SI prefixes milli-, micro-, nano- and pico-.
B1a- Microscopy Questions
1. Why do scientists use microscopes? (1 mark)
2. If an animal cell has a x10 eyepiece lens and x20 objective lens, calculate the total
magnification? (3 marks)
3. Give a definition of resolution. (1 mark)
4. The invention of the electron microscope has allowed scientists to find out more
information about cells. Explain how the electron microscope has helped our
understanding of cells. (3 marks)
5. Calculate the actual size if an onion cell if it measures 20mm using a x1000
magnification. (3 marks)
B1a- Microscopy Answers
1. To view cells in more detail/ see cell structures.
2. 1 mark for correct formula= magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective
lens. 1 mark for showing working= 10 x 20. 1 mark for correct answer= 200.
3. Smallest distance between two points.
4. Any three of the following; allows more detailed view, see organelles/ cell structure,
higher magnification, can see cross sections of the cell
5. 1 mark for correct formula= image size/magnification. 1 mark= correct numerical
answer. 1 mark= correct units.
20mm/x1000= 0.02mm [20 micrometres]
B1b- Plant and Animal Cells Checklist
Identify the parts of plant and animal cells.
Recall the parts of plant and animal cells.
Describe the functions of the sub-cellular structures commonly found in eukaryotic
cells (nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria and ribosomes).
Estimate sizes using microscope fields of view.
Estimate sizes using scale bars.
B1b- Plant and Animal Cells Questions
1. Plant cells are specialised to use photosynthesis. What cellular component do plants
use for this function? (1 mark)
2. Discuss the functions of the following cell components: cell wall and cell membrane.
(2 marks)
3. What is the cell wall in plants made of? (1 mark)
4. Draw and label an animal cell with its major structures. (6 marks)
5. Animal and plant cells both contain a nucleus. What is the role of the nucleus? (1
mark)
B1b- Plant and Animal Cells Questions
1. Chloroplasts.
2. Cell wall provides structure (1 mark) and the cell membrane allows substances to
enter and exit the cell (1 mark).
3. Cellulose.
4. 2 marks awarded for accurate drawing. 1 mark awarded for each correctly labelled
cell structure (max 4 marks).
5. Contains the genetic material of the cell.
B1c- Specialised Cells Checklist
Describe how sperm cells are adapted to their function.
Describe how egg cells are adapted to their function.
Describe how ciliated epithelial cells are adapted to their function.
Draw conclusions about a cell’s function from its adaptions.
B1c- Specialised Cells Questions
1. What does the term ‘diploid’ mean?
2. For each of the following cells, identify whether it is a diploid or haploid cell: human
egg cell, human body cell, fertilised human egg cell, human sperm cell.
3. On the left is a list of cells with particular adaptations. Draw lines to link each
adaption to its function.
Cell adaptation Function in the cell
1. Nerve cell may be extremely long A. The cell absorbs digested food
substances quickly
2. Cell membrane of an epithelial cell B. Helps the cell make lots of
of the small intestine has many tiny enzymes (proteins)
extensions (microvilli) that increase
its surface area
3. Muscle cell contains many C. Helps the cell carry information to
mitochondria distant parts of the body quickly
4. Some pancreatic cells contain many D. Provides lots of energy to rapid
ribosomes cell contraction
4. Describe the role of the following cell adaptations in the process in which an egg cell
leaves the ovary and is fertilised by a sperm cell in the oviduct:
a. Sperm cell tail
b. Many mitochondria in sperm tail
c. Enzymes in the acrosome
d. Ciliated epithelial cells lining the oviduct
e. Large amount of nutrients in the egg cell cytoplasm
B1c- Specialised Cells Answers
1. Contains two sets of chromosomes. (2 marks)
2. Haploid, diploid, diploid, haploid. (4 marks)
3. 1A, 2B, 3D, 4C (4 marks)
4a. moves the sperm cell through the oviduct towards the egg cell (1 mark)
4b. Release lots of energy for the movement of the tail (1 mark)
4c. Digest a hole through the jelly layer of the egg cell so that the sperm cell nucleus can
enter (1 mark)
4d. Move the egg cell along the oviduct from the ovary towards the uterus (1 mark)
4e. Provide a source of energy for growth and development of the embryo (1 mark)
B1d- Inside Bacteria Checklist
Identify the common parts of bacteria.
Describe the functions of common parts of bacteria.
Describe why bacteria are classified as being prokaryotic.
Change numbers to and from standard form.
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
B1d- Inside Bacteria Questions
1. What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (1 mark)
2. Bacteria are prokaryotes. State one structure that a prokaryotic cell lacks but all
eukaryotic cells have. (1 mark)
3. Use ticks to complete this table to compare the different types of cells. (5 marks- 1
mark awarded for every two correct answers)
Cell structure Found in animals? Found in plants? Found in Bacteria?
cytoplasm
chloroplast
nucleus
plasmid
ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cell wall
mitochondria
Large permanent
vacuole
DNA
4. Some bacteria have a ‘slime coat’. State the function of this ‘slime coat’. (1 mark)
5. Describe how DNA is arranged in bacteria. (3 marks)
B1d- Inside Bacteria Answers
1. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells do not.
2. Nucleus (or mitochondria)
3.
Cell structure Found in animals? Found in plants? Found in Bacteria?
cytoplasm Yes Yes Yes
chloroplast Yes
nucleus Yes Yes
plasmid Yes
ribosomes Yes Yes Yes
Cell membrane Yes Yes Yes
Cell wall Yes Yes
mitochondria Yes Yes
Large permanent Yes
vacuole
DNA Yes Yes Yes
4. Protection
5. Most is in a large loop of chromosomal DNA; small quantities are found in small
loops called plasmids/ of plasmid DNA.
