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zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
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ksjka iqj msKsi
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fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks .
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
î¡ mqIamdkS Ou_,;d
î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 wl=i, oyukag is; uq,a h' ls,sá jQ is;ska wl=i,a l< ;eke;a;d miqmiafia ÿl ¨yqn£'

1¡ ufkd mqínÙ.ud Oïud is; fmrgq fldg - is; u uq,a fldg

ufkd fiÜGd ufkduhd isf;ka Wmos;s - oyu yeu úg
ukid fp mÿÜfGk l;djg fyda l%shdjg hï
Ndi;s jd lfrd;s jd kmqre is;=ú,s fmrgq fõ kï
;f;da kx ÿlaLukafj;s f,ig rsh il f.dkq wkqj tk
plalxZj jyf;d mox ^1(1& ,efnhs ÿla fõokd i;yg

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 yf<d;a fhfyls mjqlï fkd;nd u is;
1 ^1& plaLqmd, ysñhkaf.a l:dj ^1 .d:dj&

fï .d:dj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufha jev úiQ iufhys plaLqmd,
kï fofk;a w| f;r kula wern jodrk ,oaols¡
miqmi ths¦ jyf;d mox( f.dkd f.a mshjr¦ plalx
bj( lr;a; frdaoh ^wkqj hkakdla& fuks¡

wm lrk yeu hym;a fyda whym;a l%shdjla miqmi u

plaLqmd, ysñfhda nqÿrcdKka jykafia je| mqod .kq we;af;a fÉ;kdjls¡ yeu jpkhla u l;d lrkafka;a
jia jrla fÊ;jkdrduhg meñKshy¡ tosk /fhys yeu ls%hdjla u lrkafka;a is;d u;dh¡ tfyhska
ilauka Ndjkdfjys fhÿKq Wkajykafiag mE.S lDñ krl is;=ú,a,la fmroers lrf.k l%shd lsrSfuka
i;a;= /ila u<y¡ fofk;a fkd fmfkk fyhska fuh krl fohla jQ wl=Y, lu_hla ^wl=i,d Oïud& cks;
fkdoekqj;a lñka isÿjQjls¡ WoEik msìÿKq ysñjre fjhs¡ tfyhska tajd zufkdauhZ ^is;ska ks¾ñ;& f,i
lSmkula ñh.sh lDóka oel ta .ek nqÿrcdKka ye¢kafjhs¡ tjeks wl=i, l¾u lrkakjqka miq mi
jykafiag meñKs,s l<y¡ —plaLqmd, ysñhka ta i;=ka ÿla úmdl yUd tkafka .jhd msh ;nk ;nk jrg
urKjd Tn oelaldo@˜ hs Wkajykafia m%Yak l<y¡ bosrshg weoS tk lr;a; frdaohla fuks¡
—ke; iajdóks¡˜ NsCIQyq ms<s;=re ÿkay¡ —Tn fkdoelald
fuka u plaLqmd, ysñhka oelafla;a keye¡ Wkajykafia újrKh
ry;a kula ksid m%dK>d; fÉ;kdjla we;sjkafka;a
keye¡ is;d u;d l< jrola fkd jk ksid Wkajykafia Oïumofhys uq,a .d:d fol fn!oaO o¾Ykfhys flakaøSh ixl,am
meyeos,s lsrSfuys ,d jeo.;a fjhs¡ fjk;a wd.ï j, fuka ñksid
ks¾fodaIhs˜ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia meyeos,s l<y¡
uejqïlrejl= úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,ÿj foaj leue;a;g wkqj
Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hl= f,i fkd y÷kajk nqÿ oyu ta ms<snoj lrk
plaLqmd, ysñhka ry;anj ,nkakg ;rï mska h:d¾:jdoS yd ;¾ldkql+, újrK fï .d:d wkqidrfhka y÷kd
we;sj bmoS;a wkaO jkakg fya;=j l=ulaoehs oek .; yels h¡¡
.kakg NsCIQka jykafia,d leue;a; m< l< fyhska
ñksid ms<sno fn!oaO ú.%yh ufkdaúoHd;aul yd wdpdrúoHd;aul
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tu l¾uh fy<slrñka my;
jQjls¡ ñksid l=vd f,dalhla ^CIqø úYajhla& jYfhka y÷kajk
oelafjk l;d mqj; jod<y¡ nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dal iïNjh yd f,dal úkdYh ñksia isrer
;=<u olaj;s¡ ngysr Ñka;lhka fuka lh yd is; tlsfklg
fmr ckauhl plaLqmd, ysñfhda ffjoHjrhl=j uq¿ukska mgyeks ksrfmaCI mod¾: folla f,i fkd olajd
Wmkay¡ weia frda.hlska fm¿Kq tla ldka;djla Tyq mriamrdfmaCI f,i ú.%y lrk nqÿiuh bkaøshh yfhka ^plaLq"
fida;" >dK" ðõyd" ldh" ufkda& wm ,nk w;a±lSï újrKh
fj; meñK —uf.a weia fol ikSm lf<d;a uu ¥
lsÍu iuia; f,dalhu újrKh lsÍula njg m;a fjhs'
orejka tlal Tn;=ud f.a odishla fjkjd˜ hs lshd
isáhdh¡ ffjoHjrhd o Bg tlÕj wk¾> T!IO fuu .d:djka f.ka olajkafka i;a;ajhd f.a meje;afuys
Ndú;d fldg weh iqjm;a lf<ah¡ tfy;a fofk;a iqj .=Kd;aul wxYh ks¾Kh lrk l=i,d-wl=i, lu_ is; fmr±ß
jQ miq ;u m%;s{dj bgq lrkakg ue,s j ´ —;ju;a lrf.k we;sjk wdldrhhs' zfÉ;kdyx NslaLfõ lïux jodñZ hs
jodrd we;s mßÈ wm l%shd lrkafka is;d u;d fyhska l;d lsÍu
fofk;a yrshg fmakafka keye˜ hs lshñka uÕ ^Ndi;s& yd l%shd lsÍu ^lfrda;s& krl is;ska ^mÿÜfGk& fyda fyd|
yrskakg jEhï l<dh¡ weh lrkafka fndrejla nj is;ska ^mikafkak& fyda lrkq ,efí' tn÷ l=i, yd wl=i, Ou_
o;a ffjoHjrhd m,s .kakg is;d —;j tl fnfy;la ^Oïud& is; fmr±ß lr .;a" is; u kdhl lr.;a ^fiÜGd& is;ska
lr n,uq˜ hs úi fnfy;la fhdod weh ioyg u wkaO u ks¾udKh jQ ^ufkdauh& foa nj fï .d:d j,ska lshefõ' wms wfma
lf<a h¡ wd;au .Kkdjla wkaOj Wmka fyf;u ry;a l%shd l,dmfhka cks; jQfhuq' wfma krl l%shd fyj;a wl=i, lu_
f.dkq miqmi mshjfrka mshjr bÈßhg wefok .ef,ys il fia wm
nj ,nk wjika ckaufhys o lu_ úmdl jYfhka miqmi ths'
wkaOj Wmkafkah¡
fï .d:dfjys w¾:h jrojd .ksñka ufkda mqínX.ud Oïud
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^1 .d:dj& hkafkka fN!;sl f,dalh is;ska ujk ,oaols hk jerÈ w¾:
l:khla bÈßm;a lrk iuyre nqÿ oyu zú[a[dKjdohlsZ
Oïud ufkdmqínÙ.ud ufkdfiÜGd ufkduhd fp hs .eryqï lr;s' tfy;a nqÿoyu ú[a[dKjdohla fyda
fN!;sljdohla fkdj we;a; we;s yeáfhka olajñka úYajfhys
mÿÜfGk ukid Ndi;s jd lfrd;s jd ;f;d ÿlaLx l%shd;aul jk kshdu Ou_ meyeÈ,s lsÍula nj f;areï .;
kx wkafj;s jyf;d mox plalx bj¡ hq;=h' fï .d:d hq.aufhka újrKh lrkafka lïu kshduhhs'
fN!;sl f,dalfha we;s ùu .ek woyila fuys .uHudk fkdjk
Oïud( l=i, iy wl=i, l%shd¦ ufkdmqínÙ.ud( is; nj wjOdrKh l< hq;=h' ufkda úµd;aul yd wdpdr O¾óh
fmrgq lr mj;s;s¦ ufkdfiÜGd( is; m%Odk fldg m%ldYhla" fN!;sl fyda Ôj úµd;aul m%ldYhla fia jrojd fkd
.; hq;=h'
mj;s;s¦ ufkduhd( ukiska yg .ks;s¦ fp( bÈka¦
mÿÜfGk ukid( oafõI iy.; is;ska Ndi;s jd(
l;d lrhs kï fyda lfrd;s jd( l%shd lrhs kï fyda¦
;f;d( ta fya;=fjka¦ ÿlaLx( ÿl¦ kx( Tyq¦ wkafj;s(

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 3

 l=i,a oyukag is; uq,a h' myka jQ is;ska mska l< ;eke;a;d miqmiafia iem ¨yqn£'

2¡ ufkdmqínÙ.ud Oïud is; fmrgq fldg - is; u uq,afldg

ufkdfiÜGd ufkduhd isf;ka Wmos;s oyï yeu úg
ukid fp mikafkk l;djg fyda l%shdjg hï
Ndi;s jd lfrd;s jd myka is;=ú,s fmrgq fõ kï
;f;d kx iqLukafj;s fijke,a, fia w; fkdyer tk
PdhdZj wkmdhskS¡ ^1(2& ,efnhs iqj fi; thska i;yg¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l< mska tkjd miqmi - fyjke,a,la fia
1 ^2& uÜgl=Kav,S f.a l;dj ^2 .d:dj&

u Ügl=Kav,S kï nuqKq orefjl=g w;a jQ brKu

wrnhd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr foõrï
fjfyfrys oS fï .d:dj jod< fial¡
fj,dfõ hula fkd lr oeka w~k tl fudavhs¡˜ —Th
ljqo ug l;d lrkafka@˜ uÜgl=Kav,S ;ud ljqoehs
y÷kajd oS foõf,dj Wmoskakg ;ud l< tl u mskalu
nqÿrÿka oel is; myojd .ekSu nj;a úia;r lr mska
uÜgl=Kav,S f.a mshd uiqfrla úh¡ lsisjl=g lsisjla oyï lr f.k hym;a Ôú;hla f.jk fia wjjdo
fkd fok fyf;u fkd ld fkd î b;srs lf<ah¡ lf<a h¡ woskak mqínl nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg oka
tfyhska wi,ajeisfhda Tyqg woskak mqínl hehs msrskud je| tl;a miaj isá úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
kula ÿkay¡ ;u tlu mq;dg mxpdhqOhla jeks msrsi yuqjg uÜgl=Kav,S osjHmq;%hd f.kajd ;u mqKH
iaj¾KdNrKhla lrg oeñh hq;= wjia:dfõ o uysuh mjikakg ux mE¥ nj lshefjhs¡ fï .d:dj
rkalrejkg uqo,a f.jkakg wos uos l< fya ;ud u ta fudfydf;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia msrsig foaYkd l<
rka lene,a,la ;,d uÜgï lr th lfrys me<÷fõ Ou_hhs¡
h¡ tu wdNrKfhys úis;=re leghï lsisjla ke;s
ksid thzuÜg l=Kav,hlaZ f,i ye¢ka jq wi,ajeisfhda újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^2 .d:dj&
orejg zuÜgl=Kav,SZ hs úys¿ kula o mgnekaoy¡
uÜgl=Kav,S jrla n,j;a f,i wikSm úh¡ tfy;a Oïud ufkd mqínÙ.ud ufkd fiÜGd ufkduhd fp
ffjoHjrekag uqo,a f.jkakg isÿfj;ehs ìfhka mikafkk ukid Ndi;s jd lfrd;s jd ;f;d iqLx
Tyq ms<shï i|yd f.k hdula fkd flrsKs¡ orejd kx wkafj;s wkmdhskS Pdhd bj
urKdikak jQ úg muKla l,n, jQ nuqKd"
—fun÷ f,vlg fok T!IO fudkjdoe˜hs úuid tajd Oïud( l=Y,dZl=Y, O¾ufhda¦ ufkdmqínÙ.ud( uki
iïmdokh lr ÿkafkah¡ tfy;a thska m%fhdackhla fmroers lr f.k mj;s;s¦ ufkd fiÜGd( uki
fkd úKs¡ yosisfha orejd ñh .sh fyd;a wjuÕ=,g tk fY%aIaG fldg mj;s;s¦ ufkduhd( ukiska ks¾udKh
ckhd ksji ;=< /ia lr we;s Ok iïm;a ols;shs is;+ fj;s¦ fp( boska¦ mikafkk ukid( myka is;ska¦
woskak mqínl f.msf<ys we|la ;nd mq;= tys ;eî h¡ Ndi;s( l;d lrhs kï¦ jd( fyda¦ lfrd;s jd( l%shd
lrhs kï fyda¦ ;f;d( ta fya;=fjka¦ iqLx( iem;¦
w¿hu uyd lreKd iudm;a;sfhka f,dj n,k nqÿ kx( Tyq¦ wkafj;s( miq mi ths¦ wkmdhskS( w;
iñ÷ka f.a osj fk;g uÜgl=Kav,S ,la úKs¡ tosk fkdyer tk¦ Pdhd bj( fijke,a, fuks¡
woskak mqínl f.a ksji wi,ska ms~q isÕd jäkd
w;r tys u|la kej;S uÜgl=Kav,S f.a fofk;a ;uka ish¿ l=i, yd wl=i, Ou_ bosrsfhka we;af;a is;h¡
jykafia fj; weo .kq jia /ia oyrla Tyq fj; tajdg is; m%Odkh¡ isf;ka u ks¾ñ;h¡ m%ikak is;=ú,s
ksl=;a l< y¡ ta fj; yerS neÆ fyf;u nqÿrÿka uq,a lr f.k l;d lsrSu yd l%shd lsrSu ksid we;sjk
oel is; myka lr f.k oE; Tijd j¢kakg wiu;a l=i, O¾u fya;=fjka fyjke,a, wm w; fkd yer
fyhska is;ska nqÿka je| .;af;a h¡ tosku ? myka tkakd fia úmdl ,efnhs¡
is;ska ñh mrf<dj .sh uÜgl=Kav,S foõ f,dj
Wmkafka h¡ tl u mq;%hd ñh .sh fYdalh woskak újrKh
mqínlg ord .; fkd yels ;rï úh¡ mq;d ñysoka
l< miq;a iqidk N+ñfha u /|S je,fmñka isá woskak ñksid iem iïm;a ,nkafka Tyqf.a is;=ú,s wkqj nj fï .d:dfjka
meyeos,s lrkq ,efí¡ m%ikak is;=ú,s ksid m%ikak l;d ny we;sfõ¡
mqínl uÜgl=Kav,S osjHmq;%hdg o fmksKs¡ mshdf.a thska isÿjk iïNdIKh ;ukaf.a fuka u wkqkaf.a o m%fudaohg
fnd<| lï ÿre lrkakg is;+ osjH mq;% f;u l=vd fya;= fjhs¡ tfuka u myka is;=ú,s uq,a lrf.k lrk l%shd o
orejl=f.a fjia f.k y~ñka iqidk N+ñhg meñKsfha m%ikak h¡ tajd ksid cks; jkafka l=i, l¾u h¡ ukqIH phH_dj
h¡ mq;d f.a urKfhka n,.;= lïmdjg m;aj isá u.ska ksrEmKh jkafka ukfiys myka nj fyda fkd myka nj h¡
nuqKd f.a is; y~k orejd oelSfuka ohdfjka f;;a tfyhska hym;a phH_djka we;s lr f.k iemj;a Ôú;hla .;
lsrSu i|yd is; myka lr .ekSu fl;rï jeo.;a o hkq fuhska
úh¡ —wehs mq;d w~kafka" ´k fohla ug lshkak¡ meyeos,s fjhs¡
´k u fohla uu wrka fokak hs fya Tyq ikikakg
jEhï lf<a h¡ —ug ´k brhs y|hsæ ug tajd wrka wmf.a Nd.H fyda wNd.H ks¾udKh lr .kafka wm úiska u h¡ th
fokak¡ uf.a fi,a,ï lr;af;g frdao j,g yhs ndysr n,fõ.hl n,mEfuka fkdj wm f.a u phH_dfjys m%;sM,
lrkak¡˜ —mq;d ners foag w~,d jevla kE¡ frdao ´k jYfhka jk nj oek .ekSu ñksid f.a fY%aIaG;ajh ms<sn|j
kï uu r;a;rfkka yo,d fokakï¡ fldÉpr we~qj;a wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs¡ tn÷ iajdëk;ajhla W.kajk tl u wd.u
nqÿ iuh nj kej; kej;;a lSu jrola fkdfõ¡ wkqN+;sfhka ndysr
brhs y|hs .kak neye fka¡ br y| b,a,,d w~k tl jQ" úoHdfjka fyda ;¾lfhka ;yjqre l< fkdyels BYajrhl=
uy fudav jevla˜¡ —brhs y|hs ug fmakak ;sfhkjd¡ Wml,amkh lrf.k ish iajdëk;ajh mdjd fokakg fkd fm<ö
uu fmak foag w~kjd¡ Tn w~kafka fkd fmfkk ukqIHFjfha fY%aIGFjh f;areï .ekSu w¾:j;a h¡ ifÉ;ksl lu_h
mq;d .ek¡ ta weç,a, fudav ke;a o@ mq;dg f,v jqKq tu iajdëkFjh m%fhdackhg .kakd m%dfhda.sl l%shd ms<sfj, h¡ fï
.d:d hq.aufhka tu o¾Ykh meyeos,s f,i m%ldYhg m;alr we;¡

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 5

 neKSï" myroSï" oskSï" meyer.ekSï hk jro ^is;ays& ne£fuka ffjrh fkd ikaisf|a'

3¡ wlafldÉý ux wjê ux —ug nekakd - ug .eyqjd

wðks ux wydis fu jo ÿkakd - mdvq l<d
fh ;x Wmkhayka;s is;ñka isáfhd;a fuf,iska
fjrx f;ix k iïu;s ^1(3& ffjrh ÿre fkdfjhs is;sk¡˜

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿre fkd l< ffjrh lrhs iïm;a ydksh¡
1 ^3& ;siai f;reka f.a jia;=j¡ ^3 yd 4 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys ;siai
f;reka wern fï .d:d fol jodrk ,È¡
kqjrg meñKsfha h¡ k.rhg msúi —fï k.rhg
tk ;dmihka kjd;eka .kafka fldfya o@˜ hs uy
uÕ .uka l< <uhska fofokl=f.ka úuiS h¡ —l=U,a
yf,a˜hs Tjqyq ms<s;=re ÿka y¡ ta wkqj l=U,a y, fidhd
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a kekaod flfkl= f.a mq;l= jQ .sh ;jqia f;u —Nd¾.j" Tng lrorhla fkd fjhs
;siai ysñhka meúÈ jQfha jeä jhig m;a ùfuka miqh¡ kï" uu leu;shs wo ? fufya kjd;eka .kak˜ hs
meúÈ ìfï § fÊHIaG;ajh ukskafka jhiska jeäuy,a mejiSh¡ —iajdóks" Yd,dfõ uu ?g jevla lrkafka
lu wkqj fkdj meúÈ Wmiïmodfjka jeäuy,a kE' Yd,dj bv ;sfhkjd¡ Tn jykafia leu;s mßÈ
lu wkqj fyhska Wkajykafia lKsgq NsCIqjl f,i fuys jev ys|skak¡˜ hs mejiQ l=U,alre ;jqia ;=ud
ie,lsKs¡ tfy;a ;uka nqÿrÿkaf.a ,Õu [d;sjrhl= Yd,djg le`ojd .;af;a h¡
fyhska udkhla is; we;s j isá ;siai ysñfhda fÊHIaG
ysñkul fuka iqjmyiq wiqkl jev ys¢ñka ;ukag foaj, ;jqia ;=ud tys msúi jeä fõ,djla .;jkakg
jvd fÊHIaGhkaf.ka mjd f.!rj ,enQy¡ fÊHIaG fmr ysuj; isg wd ;j;a kdro kï ;jqia ;=fula tys
ysñjrekag .re ire fkd olajd udkdêlj yeisfrk meñK /h kj;skakg wjir b,a,d isáfha h¡
ú,dih .ek ljqreka fyda fodia ±lajqj fyd;a
y~df.k f.dia nqÿrcdKka jykafiag meñKs,s lsÍu —uq,ska wd ;dmi;=ud leu;s fjhs o ke;ao uu okafka
;siai ysñhkaf.a isß;hs¡ keye¡ fldhslg;a uf.a .e,ú,a,g wy,d u bkak tl
fyd|hs¡˜ hs is;+ l=U,a y, ysñhd —iajdóks" ±ka állg
tla Èkla fufia y~d f.k f.dia nqÿrÿka yuqjg l,ska ;jqia flfkla weú;a kjd;eka .;a;d¡ t;=ud
;siai ysñhka .sh úfgl —uqka jykafia ;ksj u f.dia leu;s o wy,d" leu;s kï Tn jykafia;a kj;ajd
fudk fndre fla,ula lsh;a±hs ljqre oks;a o@ wm;a .kakï˜ hs mejiSh¡
hd hq;=he˜hs lshñka ;j;a ysñjre ta yd u .shy¡
—;siai" wehs fï l÷¿ i,df.k ud yuqjg wdfõ@˜ hs foaj, ;jqid fj; .sh kdro ;jqia f;u —wdpd¾h
úuiQ úg —iajdóks"fï NsCIQka ug .rykjd˜ hs ;=uks" Tn f.a õreoaO;ajhla ke;akï" uu;a wo fuys
meñKs,s l<y¡ —b;ska Tn fldfyao isáfha@ hs kjd;eka .kakï˜ hs úuid isáfha h¡ —Yd,dj fndfydu
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úuiQy¡ bv ;sfhkjd¡ tkak¡ weú;a kjd;eka .kak¡˜ hs foaj,
;jqid lshd isáfha h¡ werhqu i;=áka ms<s.;a kdro
—uu wdjdi f.hs Yd,dj ueo jdä ù isáhd¡˜ —uqka ;jqid tys msúi i;=gq idóÑ l;d ny ksu fldg .suka
jykafia,d tkjd Tn ±lald o@˜ —tfyuhs uu ksjkakg ydkais úh¡
±lald¡˜ —Tn ke.sg,d .re nqyquka ±lajQjd o@˜
—keye iajdóks˜ —Wkajykafia,d f.a md;%d-isjqre .;a;d újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^3 .d:dj&
o@˜ —keye iajdóks˜ —Tn tfyu fkd l< tl jerÈ hs¡
jereoao Tn wf;a¡ Wkajykafia,d f.ka iudj .kak¡˜ ux wlafldÉý ux wjê ux wðks fu wydis fh ;x
—nE iajdóks¡ uu iudj b,a,kafka kE¡˜ Wmkhayka;s f;ix fjrx k iïu;s

túg wksl=;a ysñjre —iajdóks" ;siai uy wlSlre"

fkd kefuk flfkla˜ hs mejiQ y¡ ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka ux( ug¦ wlafldÉý( neK jeÿfKa h¦ ux( ug¦ wjê(
jykafia —;siai wlSlre" fkd kefuk .;s we;sj jO ysxid lf<a h¦ ux( ud¦ wðks( meroù h¦ fu( ug¦
bkafka ±ka muKla fkd fjhs¡ fmr iif¾§;a wydis( mdvq lf<a h¦ ^ud i;= foa meyer .;af;a h¡&
tfyuuhs˜ hs mejiQy¡ fh( hfula¦ ;x( tn÷ foa¦ Wmkhayka;s( h<s h<s;a
u;la lrñka isákafka kï¦ f;ix( ta wh f.a¦ fjrx(
—iajdóks" fudyqf.a j;_udk wlSlre .;sh wmg;a ffjrh¦ k iïu;s( ksudjlg fkd hhs¡
fmfkkjd¡ fmr Njhl Tyq tfia mej;s wdldrh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia u wmg meyeÈ,s lr fokq hï lsisfjla —ug wij,d neK jeÿfKa h¡ myr ÿkafka
uekú˜ hs tu NsCIQka jykafia,d b,a,d isáh y¡ túg h¡ jO ysßyer lf<a h¡ ud mrdch lf<a h¡ ud i;=
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia my; ±lafjk l;d mqj; foaYkd foa meyer f.k ug w,dN lf<a h¡˜ hs ks;r ks;r u
l< y¡ u;la lrñka ffjrh È.g mj;ajkafka kï Tjqka f.a
ffjrh ixisf|kafka ke;¡
ysud, wvúfha udi wgla mqrd ;jqia oï msrE foaj,
kï ;dmifhla jeis idr ui ¨Kq weUq,a iys;
wdydr wkqNj lrñka jdih lrkakg is;d nrKeia
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 7
 neKSï" myroSï" oskSï" meyer.ekSï ms<sn| fldamh ^is;ays& fkdne¢ l, ikaisf|a'

4¡ wlafldÉý ux wjê ux ug nekakd - ug .eyqjd

wðks ux wydis fu jo ÿkakd - mdvq l<d˜
fh ;x k Wmkhayka;s fkd is;kafka kï fuf,iska
fjrx f;iQmiïu;s ^1(4& ffjrh ÿre fjhs ú.iska¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿr ,uq ffjrh¡
1 ^3& ^4& ;siai f;reka f.a jia;=j¡ ^3-4 .d:d& ^fmr msgqjg iïnJOhs¡&

kskaog hd hq;= fõ,dj t<eôfhka kdro ;jqid foaj, isá foaj, f.a ysi u; jQueá .=,sh i;a lvlg msmsÍ
;jqid ksok ;ek" ksok ÈYdj yd fodr ;sfnk ;ek .sfha h¡ Èfha .s,S f.dia fjk ;eklska u;= jQ foaj,
o fyd¢ka u;l ;ndf.k kskaog .sfha h¡ tfy;a wi,lj;a fkd /|S m,d .sfha h¡
foaj, ;jqid t;ek fjkia fldg fl<ska u fodr we;s
ÈYdfjys yryg ksod .;af;a h¡ —uyfKks" tl, rcj isáfhda wdkkao ia:úrfhda h¡
tod ys;=jlaldr jQ foaj, ;jqid kï wo;a wlSlre
ta nj fkd o;a kdro ;jqid uy /fhys ke.sg fï ;siai NsCIqj h¡ kdro ;jqid kï uu u jQfhñ¡˜ hs
neyerg hkq leu;sj fodr foig .uka lf<a h¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia l;dj ksujQ y¡
wjdikdjg fuka Tyqg foaj, ;jqid f.a cgduvq,af,ys
jQ flia mE.sKs¡ —ljq o uf.a fldKavh mE.=fõ˜ foaj, újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^4 .d:dj&
;jqid lE .eiS h¡ —wdpd¾hka jykai" ta uu¡˜ hs kdro
;jqid mejiS h¡ —fydr ;dmihd" lef,a b|,d weú;a ux wlafldÉý" ux wjê" ux wðks" fu wydis" fh
uf.a cgd u~q,a,;a mE.=jd˜ hs foaj, ;jqidg neK ;x k Wmkhayka;s f;ix fjrx iïu;s¡
jeÿfKa h¡
ux( ug¦ wlafldÉý( kskaod mßNj lf<a h¦ ux(
—wdpd¾hka jykai" uu ±k f.k ysáfha kE Tn ug¦ wjê( jO ysxid lf<a h¦ ux( ud¦ wðks( meroù
fu;k ksÈ lsh,d¡ jer§ula¡ iudjkak˜ hs mejiQ kdro h¦ ux( ug¦ wydis( mdvq lf<a h¦ ^ud i;= foa
;jqia f;u ñÿ,g neiafia h¡ —kdro wdmiq tk fldg meyer .;af;a h¡& fh( hfula¦ ;x( fun÷ foa¦ k
udj md.kak ;shkak fyd| kE˜ hs is;+ foaj, ;jqid Wmkhayka;s( ks;r ks;r u;la lrñka fkd isáhs
ysi ;snQ w;g md oud ksod .;af;a h¡ —wd me;af;ka u kï¦ f;ix( Tjqka f.a¦ fjrx( ffjrh¦ iïu;s(
.sfhd;a wdfh;a foaj, f.a cgdj mEf.kak mq¿jks˜ hs ixisf|hs¡
is;+ kdro ;jqia f;u fujr wks;a me;af;ka hkakg
f.dia foaj, ;jqid f.a f., u; md ;eî h¡ —ta ljqo@˜ ug wij,d kskaod mßNj lf<a h¡ ug jO ysßyer
foaj, úuiS h¡ — ta uu wdpd¾fhks˜ hs kdro ms<s;=re lf<a h¡ ud meroù h¡ ug mdvq lf<a h¡ hï lsis
ÿkafka h¡ —fydr ;dmihd¡ uq,ska uf.a cgd u~q,a, flfkla ks;r ks;r u;la lrñka fkd isákafka kï
mE.=jd¡ ±ka fn,a, u mE.=jd¡ uu ;udg idm lrkjd¡˜ Tyq f.a isf;a we;s ffjrh blaukska ixis|S hhs¡
fyf;u uy yçka mejiS h¡ —wdpd¾h ;=uks " fldam
fkd .kak¡ újrKh

uq,a j;dfõ cgdu~q,a, mE.=Kq ksid fï ief¾ tajf.a fï .d:d folska wdfõ. ixiqka lr .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a
ufkdaúµd;aul ixl,amhla meyeÈ,s lr we;¡ Ñ;a;fõ. yg
fohla fkdfjkak mh me;af;ka wdjd¡ uu ±kf.k .kafka lsishï is;sú,a,la ksid h¡ is;sú,a,la mokï lr f.k wm
ysáfha kE Tn ÈYdj udre l, nj¡ ug iudfjkak¡˜ hs ujd .kakd ufkdarEmk Ñ;a; fõ.hla cks; lr,hs¡ ufkda Ñ;%h
kdro ;jqid lSj;a —uu kqUg idm lrkjd˜ hs foaj, fkd ;ld yeÍug yels kï" É;a; fõ.h md,kh lr .; yels
;jqid y~ .d lS h¡ —tmd tmd¡ tal lrkak tmd˜hs fjhs¡
kdro kej;;a wheo isáfha h¡ —kE¡ idm lrkjduhs¡˜
ffjrh wys;lr wdfõ.hls¡ wmg úúO mqoa.,hka úiska lrkq
mejiQ foaj, ;jqid" —fyg ysre kefÕk úg Tfí ysi ,nk ysßyer wjudk" w,dN wdÈh ks;r isyshg kÕd .ksñka
y;alvlg mef,ajd˜hs idm lf<a h¡ ffjrh fmdaIKh lsÍfuka wk¾:hla ñi hym;la isÿ fkd fõ¡
ffjr lsÍu yd m,s.ekSu fjkqjg bjiSu" iudj §u yd ffu;%sh
fï idmh ksjerÈ lrejl=g l< tlla neúka l<jqka m%.=K lrkafka kï" th udkisl iqjhg fuka u ldhsl iqjhg o
fj; u wdmiq lerflk tlla nj kdro ;jqid wod< fjhs¡
kqjKska ±l .;af;a h¡ tfyhska ;u OHdk n,fhka bjiSu" iudj §u yd ffu;%sh ÿ¾j,hka f.a ,CIK hehs is;Su
ysre fkd kefÕk mßÈ wêIaGdkhla lf<a h¡ tÈk wukluls¡ tajd m%n, fm!reIhl ,CIK nj wjOdrKfhka u
ysre Wod fkd jkafka ljr fyhska±hs fidhd neÆ rc lshuq¡ wfma wruqK kSfrda.S m%ikak ukila we;sj isàu kï" ¥Is;
f;u lreKq ±k kdro ;jqid f.ka iudj .kakehs is; Bg bv fkd ;nhs¡ wdfõ. md,kh lr .kakg yels ùu oCI
foaj, ;jqidg n, lr isá kuq;a fyf;u thg luls¡ wdfõ. j,g hg;aj l%shd lr uy;a úkdYhla jQjdg miq
lK.dgq ùug jvd tajd md,kh lrf.k wfma Ôú;h jdikdjka;
wleue;a; m< lf<a h¡ Tyq weu;+ kdro ;jqid fufia lr .ekSug iu;aùu {dkjka; luls¡
mejiS h¡ —wdpd¾h;=uks" uu uf.a iDoaê n,fhka ysre
kefÕkakg i,iajkafkñ¡ fndai;a wjÈfha ^ksoiqka( CIdka;sjd§ cd;lh& fuka u nqoaOFjh
,o miqj o ffjr Wmojd fkd f.k bjiSu yd ffu;%sh m%.=K
lrk whqre Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia pß;do¾Yfhka u ksrEmKh
Tfí ysi u; ueá fnda,hla ;nd f.k Èfha .s,S fjk
l<y¡
;eklska u;=jkq uekú¡˜ysre Wodjk úg u Èfhys
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 9
 fjrg fjr fkd lsÍfuka fjr ikaisf`oa' fuh yeuod mj;akd oyuls'

5¡ k ys fjfrk fjrdks ffjrfhka ffjrh

iïuka;SO l=odpkx ksu fkdfjhs lsis ldf,l
wfjfrk p iïuka;s ksu fjhs ffjr fkd lf<d;a
ti Oïfud ikka;fkd ^1(5& thhs yeul, f,dj iajNdjh¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mrof;d;a ffjrh - ffjr fkd lsÍfuka u muKh¡
1 ^4& ld,s hCIKsh f.a l:dj ^5 .d:dj&

ie je;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik w;r

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ore m, we;s l;la yd
ore m, ke;s l;la wern fï .d:dj jod< y¡
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^5 .d:dj&

bO fjfrk fjrdks l=odpkx k ys iïuka;s wfjfrk

p iïuka;s ti ikka;fkd Oïfud¡
tla .Dym;sfhla ;u ìß|g orejka ke;slu ms<sn|j
;efjk úg Tyq f.a ìß| fufia is;=jd h¡ —fï bO( fï f,dalfhys¦ fjfrk( ffjrfhka¦ fjrdks(
úÈhg orejl= ke;sj l,la .; jqfKd;a kekaoïu;a ffjrfhda ^i;=re lï&¦ l=odpkx( lsis lf,l¦ k ys
iajdómqreIh;a fokaku tl;= fj,d ug fjkia iïuka;s( fkd ixisf|;s¦ wfjfrk p( wffjrfhka
lï lrhs¡ ;j;a .eyeKq flfkla fï ukqiaihg u¦ iïuka;s( ixisf|;s¦ ti( fuh¦ ikka;fkd(
f.kdfjd;a" thd f.ka <uhs ,efnkjd kï" ug;a iodld,sl¦ Oïfud( iajNdjhls¡
iykhla¡ t;fldg m%Yakhla ke;s fjhs¡˜ fufia
is;+ ´ ;u mqreIhdg ;j;a ldka;djla wdjdy lr ffjr lsÍfuka lsis lf,l ffjrh ixisf|kafka ke;¡
.kakg ie,iqjd h¡ tfy;a fojk ìß| .eí .kakd th ixisf|kafka ffjr fkd lsÍu u.ska u h¡ fuh
úg wehf.a isf;ys B¾IHdjla cks; ù Tiqjla ryfia f,dj mj;akd iodld,sl O¾u;djls¡
fmdjd .eí keiqjd h¡ th f;areï .;a fojk ìß|
B<Õ jr .eí .;a úg th ryilaj ;nd .;a;d h¡ újrKh
tfy;a weh foi ne,Sfuka weh .eíf.k we;s nj
±k .;a m<uq ìß| kej; o wdydr iu. ñY% fldg ffjrh ffjrfhka ch .kakg is;Su hqoaO lr hqoaOh ksu lrkakg
jEhï lsÍu jeks l%shdjls¡ ffjrh fmr<d ffjr lsÍfuka j¾Okh
fnfy; fhdod .eí keiqjd h¡ wka;sfï ore m%iQ;shl jkq ñi wvq jkafka ke;¡ hul= wmg ffjr lrk úg wm Bg
§ u ñh .sh fojk ìß| ±ä fl%daOfhka mqmqrñka wleue;s jkafka ffjrh krl fohla hehs wm ms<s.kakd fyhsks¡
fufia m%d¾:kd l<d h¡ —uu Wm Wmka cd;s kqfUkq;a tfia kï" ta krl foh u lsÍfuka wm lrkafka Tyq f.a oDIaáh
kqfò orejkaf.kq;a m<s .kafkñ¡˜ È. ffjrhl ms<sf.k Tyq f.a l|jqrg tl;= ù krl mqoa.,hka u ùu fkd fõ
o@ wm l< hq;af;a wm ksjro hehs is;k ia:djrfha u isg ffjr
wdrïNh fufia igyka úh¡
lsÍfuka je<lSu h¡

B,Õ ckau j,§ fï fofokd ne<,shla yd lsls<shla"

uqjfokla yd fldáfhla wd§ jYfhka bmsfoñka
ffjrfhka ffjrh fmdaIKh lrñka iir ießird
wjik nqÿka oji ieje;akqjr Okj;a isgqjrhl=
f.a ÈhKshl yd hCIKshl jYfhka Wmka y¡ Èkla
fï hlskak isgq ÈhKshf.a ì<sod ì,s .kakg wdjdh¡
nqÿrÿka foõrï fjfyr jev fjfik nj ±kisá
isgq ÈhKsh orejd;a /f.k tys Èj f.dia ì<sod nqÿ
mduq, ;enqfõ nqÿrÿka f.a /ljrKh Tyqg ,efíjdhs
is;ñks¡ úydr N+ñhg we;=,a jkq fkd yelsj hCIKsh
ta jgd /f|ñka isákq ÿgq ;:d.;hka jykafia weh
o we;=<g le|jQjd h¡ Tjqkaf.a w;S; mqj;a isysm;a
lr ÿka Wkajykafia ffjrh ksid fofokdg u ù we;s
wk¾:h meyeÈ,s lr § ffjrh ke;s lr .; yelafla
ffu;%sh" wjfndaOh iy ldreKslFjh u.ska muKla
nj meyeÈ,s l< y¡ lreKq f;areï .;a Tjqyq nqÿ
iñ÷ka f.a wjjdoh ms<sf.k tlsfkld iu. iduh
we;s lr .;ay¡

wk;=rej orejd hCIKsh f.a w;g fok f,i

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia isgq ÈhKshg mejiQy¡ uq,§
orejd f.a wdrCIdj .ek is;d weh wÈ uÈ l< o
nqoaO f.!rjh ksid ´ orejd hlskak f.a w;g ÿkakd
h¡ orejd jvd .;a hCIKsh Tyq wdorfhka isU
iqr;,a lr wdmiq ÿkakd h¡ fuys m%;sM,h jQfha wd;au
.Kkdjla ,sh,ñka wd oreKq ffjrh iyuq,ska u Èh
ù hduhs¡
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 11
 uefrk nj fkd okafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,y ikaisf|a'

6¡ mfr p k úcdkka;s neyersfhda fkd oks;s

uhfu;a: hudufi hï osfkl wm uefr;ehs
fh p ;;a: úcdkka;s oks;a kï ta nj
;f;d iïuka;s fuO.d ^1(6& lsisfjla l,y fkd lr;a¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 urKi;sfhka iduh we;s fjhs¡
1 ^5& fldiUE kqjr ysñjreka f.a l;dj ^6 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jiñka fldiUE kqjr
NsCIQka jykafia,d wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd l<
t;a:( fï lrefKys ,d¦ mfr( ndysrfhda ^oyï uÕska
neyer jQfjda&¦ uhx( wms¦ hudufi( uefrkafkuq^hs&¦
k p úcdkka;s( ^fkd oks;s&¦ ;;a:( tys oS¦ fh p(
fial¡ hï lsisfjla¦ úcdkka;s(^th& oks;a o¦ ;f;d( ta
fya;=fjka¦ fuO.d( l,s l,y¦ iïuka;s( ksudjg hhs¡
fldiUE ^fl!Ydïì" fldiïì& kqjr jdih l<
NsCIQka jykafia,d w;r úkh m%Yakhla ksid yg.;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia W.kajk O¾u ud._hg mrsndysr
újdohla ÿr os. f.dia Ou_jdoS yd úkhjdoS hehs mqoa.,fhda ;uka uefrk nj fkd oek l,s l,y lr;s¡
lKavdhï follg fnoS hkakg fya;= úh¡ fï fNaoh hfula ;uka uefrk nj oks;a o" Tjqyq l,y ksu lr
ÿre lr iÕ msrsi iu.s lrjkakg nqÿrcdKka ixiqka fj;s¡
jykafia mjd iu;a fkd jQ y¡ odhl odhsldfjda o
fomCIhlg fnÿK y¡ wka;sfï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia újrKh
mdrsf,hHl jkhg jevu fldg jia ld,h tys u .;
lrkakg ;SrKh l< y¡ urKh iy Ôú;fha wks;H;dj f;areï .ekSu h:d¾:djfndaOh
i|yd w;HjYH h¡ ñksiqka fuh f;areï fkd .ekSu fndfyda
.eg¿j,g fya;= ù mj;shs¡
mdrsf,hHl jkfhys rlaÅ; kï Whkg ;ksj u
jevu l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tys jia iudoka jQ y¡ fndfyda .sys - meúoafoda ;uka wurKShehs is;ñka fuka l%shd lr;s¡
jkfhys úiQ mdrsf,hH kñka u ye¢kajqKq yia;sfhla Ñ;a; fõ.hkag jiÕj nqoaêhg ksjdvq oS l%shd lrk tjekafkda
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag Wmia:dk l< y¡ m%udoSj" iS,d oS .=KO¾u j¾Okh .ek fkd is;ñka f,!lsl
iem iïm;a .eku is;;s¡ Tjqka f.a f,daNh fuka u oafõIh o
jefvhs¡ wo l< hq;= foa fygg l,a oeóu o fuu ñ:Hd oDIaáfhys
nqÿrÿka jk.; jQfha iÕ msrsi iu.s lrjkakg .;a m%;sM,hla fjhs¡ ;u uq,dfjys ;ru wjfndaO jkafka wkfmaCIs;
m%h;akh wid¾:l ùfukehs oek.;a odhl odhsldfjda f,i urKh ;ud wìuqjg meñKs úg h¡
wiu.sj isák NsCIQkag isjqmih iemhSu k;r l<
y¡ ;u újdoh fl;rï ydkslr ù we;aoehs Tjqkag urKh hk jpkh wikakg fyda tu úIh .ek l;d ny lrkakg
mjd reÑ fkdjk mqoa.,fhda fj;s¡ oS¾>dhqI" kSfrda.slu yd
jegyqfKa túg h¡ jdo újdo w;yer Tjqka iu.s jqj o fh!jkh ksid u;aj m%udoS j mialï rifhys .scqj jikafkda tu
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iud lrjd f.k kej; k.rhg jpkh mjd wiqn fia is;;s¡ wks;H foa ks;H f,i o ÿla iy.;
jevu lrjk ;=re odhlfhda l,yldrS NsCIQka fj; foa iqjodhl fia o wkd;au foa wd;au f,i o wiqN foa iqN f,i
kej; ióm fkd jQ y¡ tfy;a th jia ld,h jQ fyhska o .ekSu úmhH_di ^úm,a,di& Ñka;kfha ,CIK nj nqÿiufhys
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia h<s jevu lrùu o wmyiq úh¡ b.ekafjhs¡
jia f;ui NsCIQka .; lf<a uy;a wmyiqfjks¡ urKh .ek wjfndaOh yd ksr;=re ta ms<sn| fufkys lsrSu
fya;=fjka h:djfndaOh ,eîu wmf.a m%dfhda.sl Ôú;h flf¾
jia ld,h wjik wdkkao uyd ia:úrhka jykafia uy;a n,mEula we;s lrhs¡ .; lrk flá Ôú;h l,flda,dy,
fmrgq lr .;a NsCIQka jykaafia,d jkhg f.dia yd u; fNao j,ska mqrjd .ekSfuka jkafka w,dNhla muKs¡ ta
wkd:msKaäl isgq;=ud we;=¿ odhl msrsi nqÿrcdKka fjkqjg ish¿fokd idufhka i;=fgka jdih lsrSfuka ,nk
wdOHd;añl wdYS¾jdo fuf,djg muKla fkdj mrf,djg o
jykafiaf.a iïm%dma;sh f.!rjdorfhka wfmaCId wdYS¾jdohla jkq we;¡ flda,dy, lr .kakjqka zuf.a wh fkdj
lrk nj okajñka h<s k.rhg jevu lrkakg msg whZ jYfhka y÷kajkakg nqÿrÿka is;=fõ fuu h:d¾:h
werhqï l< y¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o iqÿiq l,a oek ;yjqre fldg olajkq msKsi h¡
fÊ;jkdrduhg wdmiq jevu l< y¡ tys oS l,yldrS
NsCIQyQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.ka m%isoaêfha iudj
wheo isáh y¡

Tjqka f.a wlSlre ys;=jlaldr .;s ms<sn|j ks.%y l<

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;uka iodl,a Ôj;a fkdjkakjqka
nj f;areï .kakd f,i;a tfia f;areï .kafka kï
ish¨ l,y túg k;r jk nj;a jod< y¡

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^6 .d:dj&

t;a: mfr uhx hudufi k p úcdkka;s ;;a: fh p

úcdkka;s ;f;d fuO.d iïuka;s

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 13

bkaøSh ixjrhla ke;sj fjfikakd ure jiÕhg hkafka ÿn, .ila jd;fhka weo jefgkakdla fuks'

7¡ iqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x Ôú;fha iqN mCIh

bkaøsfhiq wixjq;x n,ñka fkd-oud b÷rka
fNdckïys wu;a;[aûx muK fkd oek fNdackfhys
l=iS;x ySkùrshx l=iS; ù fn, ySkj
;x fj miy;s udfrd úiqfjd;a jkihs urejd
jdf;d relaLxZj ÿín,x ^1(7& ie~ mjkska uy ;=re fuka

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 w,ilu úkdYfha uq,hs¡
1 ^6& uydld, f;reka f.a jia;=j ^7 yd 8 .d:d&

fia ;jHd kqjr wi, jik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:d hq.auh uyd ld, iy pQ,
ld, hk ifydaorhka fofokd wrnhd foaYkd l<y¡
ysñhkag iqÿiq wruqKla fj;shs is;d Wkajykafia fj;
f.dia —iajdóks" Ndjkdjg iqÿiq wruqKla olajkafkñ˜
hs Wkajykafia le|jd th oelaù h¡ Wkajykafia o
f.dia ysi isg mdodka;h olajd isref¾ rE isrs uekúka
fia;jHd kqjr pQ, ld,"uʯu ld, yduyd ld, krUd —fï rkajka isrer wdodyk lrk úg isrerg
kue;s ifydaorfhda ;=ka fofkla úiQ y¡ jeäu,d yd .sksoe,a jefgk úg u ug l:d lrkakehs mejiQ y¡
nd,hd jQ uyd ld, yd pQ, ld, .e,a /f.k wE;
ÿr m%foaY j,g f.dia lr;a; mkaishhla mqrdu úúO oriEh ilia lr isrer ta u; ;nd f;,a j;a
fj<| NdKav /f.k t;s¡ uʯu ld, fïjd ksjfia fldg .sks ;enQ md,sldj isrerg .sksoe,a jefo;a
;nd f.k fj<odï lrhs¡ u Ndjkdfhda.S uyd ld, ysñhka tys le|jQ y¡
isrer .sksoe,a j,ska jefi;a u rkajka yu yu .eiQ
fufia .sh tla j;djl .e,a mqrd úúO jdKsc NdKav t,fokl= f.a fuka ù w; mh weUrS lerlS hk yeá
mqrjd f.k iej;a kqjr n,d tk w;r iej;a kqjr;a Wkajykafia n,d isáh y¡ uia ms<siafiñka weg lgq
fÊ;jkdrduh;a w;r lr;a; uqod úfõl .;a y¡ tosk mEfok yeá kerUQ y¡ —n,k whg nK wu;l jk
ikaOHd Nd.fhys ieje;a kqjr jeishka u,a oï yd iqrEmS isrerlaj mej;s fuh oeka oeù jekiS hhs¡˜ hs
iqj| øjH w;e;sj oyï weiSu msKsi hkq ÿgq uyd is;+ f;rKqfjda ta wruqK u Ndjkdjg k.d ry;aM,h
ld, zTn fï fldys o hkafka@Z hs Tjqka f.ka úuid wê.ukh l<y¡
nK wikakg hk nj oek —uu;a hkafkñ˜ hs bgd
.;af;a h¡ ;u u,Kqjka weu;+ fya —u,a,S lr;a; fï oskj, Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsCIQka msrsjrd
ál n,d .kak¡ uu nK wykakg hkjd¡˜ hs mjid fia;jHd kqjrg jevu l< y¡ pQ, ld, f.a mqrdK
úydria:dkhg f.dia nqÿka je| Ou_ Y%jKh msKsi NdhH_fjda oeka wms wfma iajdñmqreIhd kej; ,nd
ys| .;af;a h¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tosk ÿlaL i;Hh .ksuq hs is;d nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg odkhg
újrKh lrñka ldudiajdofhys wdoSkj meyeos,s wdrdOkd l< y¡ odkhg fmr ixúOdk lghq;= i|yd
lrñka l< O¾u foaYkdj weiQ uyd ld, iir l,lsrS Wmfoia oSug tla ysñkula ksjig hdfï isrs;la
meúos úh¡ ;sìKs¡ ta i|yd pQ, ld, ysñfhda msg;a j .shy¡
Wkajykafia ksjig meñKs úg merKs NdhH_fjda
uyd ld, meúos jQ mqj; weiQ pQ, ld, o meúos úh¡ n,y;aldrfhka isjqre .,jd .sysj;a wkaojd f.or
tfy;a Tyq meúos jQfha flfia fyda ish fidfydhqrd o r|jd .;ay¡
iu. wdmiq .sysf.g tk wruqKsks¡
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^7 .d:dj&
iq¿ l,lska u uQ,sl YsCIKh ksuejQ uyd ld, f;ryq
ish wdpdhH_hka neyeoel —ysñhks" fï iiqfkys Oqr iqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x bkaøsfhiq wixjq;x
lShla we;aoehs úuiQy¡ úo¾Ykd Oqrh yd .%J: Oqrh fNdckïys p wu;a;[aûx l=iS;x ySkùrshx ;x fj
.ek weÿre ysñhka l< újrKh weiQ uyd ld, miy;s udfrd jdf;d ÿín,x relaLx bj
ysñfhda —uu iajdóks" jeäúh m;aj meúos jQ fyhska
.%J: OQrfhys oshqKqjla ,nkakg wiu;a ñ¡ tfyhska iqNdkqmiaisx( ldu jia;+kaf.a Y=N mlaIh .ek
uu úo¾Ykd Oqrh mqrñ¡˜ hs mjid Ndjkd l¾uia:dk muKla is;ñka¦ úyrka;x( jdih lrk¦ bkaøsfhiq
,nd f.k iqidk N+ñhg f.dia Ndjkd jevQ y¡ bkaøshhka wixjq;x( ixjrhla ke;s¦ fNdckïys(
wdydrfhys¦ wu;a;[aûx( muK fkdokakd¦
oskm;d /fhys m%:u hdufhys ish,a,ka kskaog h;aoS l=iS;x( lïue,s¦ ySkùrshx( ùhH_ fkdjvk¦ ;x(
iqidk N+ñhg f.dia Ndjkd wdrïN lrk Wkajykafia tu mqoa.,hd¦ miy;s(wìnjd isáhs ¦ udfrd( udrhd¦
w¿hu lsisjl= msìfokakg fmr wdrduhg jevu lr;s¡ jdf;d( jd;h¦ ÿín,x( ÿj_,¦ relaLx bj( jDCIhla
^lvd fy<kakdla& fuka'
fuiufhys tla ;reK ldka;djla yosisfha .s,kaj ñh
.shd h¡ ñh .sh o wehf.a rEisrsh tfia u mshlrej lï iefmys wdiajdo ckl iajNdjh .ek muKla
osiaúKs¡ yjia jrefõ wehf.a [d;SyQ isrer oeùug is;ñka bkaøsh ixjrfhka f;drj wdydrfhys muK
wjYH or"f;,a wdoS wjYHfoa o /f.k f.dia isrer o fkd oek lïue,s j ùhH_ fkd jvñka jik ;eke;a;d
iu. ojkq jia iqidk N+ñ md,sldjg Ndr ÿka y¡ isrer ureg mroskafka l=Kdgq iq<Õska lvd jefgk .ila
ojkakg ieriqKq md,sldj wehf.a we÷ï me<÷ï bj;a fuks¡
lrk úg isref¾ m%shxlr;ajh oel fuh Ndjkd lrk

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 15

bkaøSh ixjrhla we;s ;eke;a;d ure jiÕg fkd hkafka jd;fhka m¾j;hla fkd ief,kakdla fuks'

8¡ wiqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x jiñka wiqn nejqfuka

bkaøsfhiq iqixjq;x oukh lf<d;a b÷rka
fNdckïys p u;a;[aûx muK oek fndcqfkys
ioaOx wdroaO ùßhx ieoeye;sj úrsh jvñka
;x fj kmamiy;s udfrd jif;d;a fkd joshs ure myr
jdf;d fi,xZj mín;x ^1(8& fkd ief,k .,la fuka
ie~ l=Kdgqjlska¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wdOHd;añl Yla;sh wmrdð;h
1 ^6& uydld, f;rekaf.a jia;=j ^7 yd 8 .d:d& b;srsfldgi

pQ,fkdjld,uydmeúosld,jQfyshañmeúoa og we,aula ;snqKq ksid

Wmeúoslrjd .ekSfï woyiska
újrKh

iqNjdoS oDIaáfhka f,dj n,kafkda —Ôú;h frdai u,a hykls˜ hs

fyhska fyf;u ish leue;af;kau ta ;;aFjh Ndr
is;d uq<d fj;s¡ frdai uf,a jqj o zkgqfj lgqZ wu;l l< hq;=
.;af;a h¡
ke;¡ ldufhys wdiajdoh muKla olskafkda wdoSkj fkd oel ta
flf¾ ;DIaKdj jO_kh lr .ks;s¡ uu h" udf.a hehs .ks;s¡ tfia
pQ, ld, r|jd .ekSug Tyqf.a ìrskaoka iu;ajQ nj uudhkfhka .%yKh l< foa jekiS hk úg uf.a foa jekfi;s hs
ÿgq uyd ld, f.a NdhH_fjda wg fokd o zwms;a tfia ixfõ.hg m;a fj;s¡ tfy;a ldu jia;+kaf.a wdoSkjh o fufkys
lruqZhs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia m%uqL ix>hdg oka msKsi lrkafkda tys wiqN me;a; o olakd fyhska tajdfha fkd wef,;s¡
tfyhska tajdfha úkdYh Tjqka f.a is;a ;=< ÿlla cks; fkd lrhs¡
werhqï l< y¡ tosk oka j<|d wjik —uydld, Tn
fï whg wkqfudaokd nK lshkake˜hs Wkajykafia wiqNdkqmiaiS hkafkka fõokd;aul nj muKla fufkys lr
kj;d Y%djl msrsi iu. úydria:dkhg jevu l< y¡ ffjrh fyda ms<sl=, Wmojd .; hq;= hehs jrojd fkd .; hq;= h¡

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia .ï fodrg jevu lrk w;r tfia l< fyd;a th zmá>i[a[dZ jeãula fjhs¡ th ÿre l<
hq;a;la ñi jeäh hq;a;la fkdfõ¡ fuhska woyia lf<a fndfyda
;=r NsCIQyq nqÿrÿka uydld, f;reka kj;d meñKSu fokd úiska fkd ;ld yrskq ,nk lduhka ys wdoSkj .ek fufkys
.ek wukdmfhka l;d l< y¡ —tod odkfha Wmfoia lrùuh¡ ldufhys wdoSkj fkd okakd fya;=fjka fndfyda fokd
lghq;= j,g pQ, ld, f;reka hdfuka isÿ jqfKa mrK taldx.s l oDIaá we;s lr f.k ÿflysu ksu.ak fj;s¡ kshu
ìrskaoka tlaj Wkajykafiaf.a isjqre .,jd .sysf.g iqNjdoh kï iqN fuka u wiqNh o olsñka tal mdCIsl fkd ù
.ekSuhs¡ wo hka;ï fjk ysñ kula .sh ksid ta Ôú;fha .eg¿ foi .eUqrska n,kakg mqreÿùuhs¡
jf.a úm;a;shla jqfKa keye¡ oeka fï nqÿyduqÿrefjda fï .d:d hq.aufhka bosrsm;a lrkafka wdOHd;añl id¾:lFjfhka
Wkajykafiaj nK lshkak kj;a;,d wdjd¡ fudkjd m%S;su;a jk fn!oaO iodpdr ud._hhs¡ h:d¾:h oelSu m%:u mshjrhs¡
fjhs o okafkakE¡ nqÿyduqÿrefjda ys;du;d l<d o fï bkaøsh ixjrfhka m%sh foa flfrys we,au yd wm%sh foa flf¾
jefâ@˜ jeks woyia yqjudre úKs¡ oafõIh we;s lr .ekSu md,kh flfrhs¡ wêl wdydr fiajkh yd
l=iS; nj Ôú;hlg f,!lsl jYfhka mjd wNd.Hh Wod lrk
isrs;a h¡ tajd ÿre lr ffOhH_h ùhH_h jO_kh lr .kafka kï
fï w;r;=r uydld, f;reka f.a NdhH_dfjda t;=uka mj_;hla iq<Õska fkdie,S mj;skakdla fuka Ôú;hg ch.%dySj
f.a isjqre nf,ka .,jkakg ;e;a oerEy¡ ish iDoaê uqyqK osh yels fjhs¡
n,fhka Tjqka f.ka ñÿKq uydld, ysñfhda nqÿrcdKka
jykafia yuqfjys fmkS isáh y¡ túg fuys oelafjk
.d:d fol jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uydld, ysñhka
pQ, ld, f.a uÜgfuka uekSu .ek NsCIQka jykafiag
fodia mejrE y¡

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^8 .d:dj&

wiqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x bkaøsfhiq iqixjq;x

fNdckïys p u;a;[aûx ioaOx wdroOùrshx udfrd
;x fj kmamiy;s jdf;d fi,x mín;x bj

wiqNdkqmiaisx( ldufhys wiqN mCIh olsñka¦

úyrka;x( jdih lrk" bkaøsfhiq( bkaøshka"
iqixjq;x( ukdj ixjr lr .;a¦ fNdckïys p(
wdydrfhys o¦ u;a;[aûx( muK o;a¦ ioaOx( Y%oaOd
iïmkak¦ wdroaO ùrshx( werUQ ùhH_h we;s¦ udfrd(
udr f;u¦ ;x( tu mqoa.,hd¦ fj( taldka;fhka u¦
kmamiy;s( wìnjd fkdisáhs¦ jdf;d( jd;h¦ fi,x
mín;x( .,a mj_;hla¦ bj( fuks¡ ^fkdfmrf<k
fuks&

lï iqjfhys wiqN mCIh f;areï f.k b÷rka yslaujd

f.k" wdydrfhys muK oek" Y%oaOd iïmkakj ùhH_h
jvñka jikakd mrdch lsrSug urejdg yels fkdfjhs¡
jd; fõ.fhka .,a mj_;hla fkd ief,kakdla fuks¡

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 17

 flf,ia lig ÿre fkd l< b÷rka fkd±uQ" ienE jpk fkdue;a;d isjqre oeÍug kq iqÿiq h'

9¡ wkslalidfjd ldidjx ÿre lr ke;s flfkla li,

fhd jF:x mßofyiai;s fmdrjk uq;a lidj;la
wfmf;d ouiÉfpk i;Hh" oukh ke;s Tyq
k fid ldidjury;s ^1(9& fkd .e,fma h" lidj;g

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lidj;g fkd .e,fmkafkda
1 ^7& foõo;a f;reka f.a l;dj ^9 yd 10 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik fiala foõo;a
f;reka wern fï .d:d hq.auh foaYkd l< y¡
lshkakka nyq, jQfhka Pkaoh úuid n,k úg
foajo;a; ia:úrhkag mCI msrsi y;r fofkl=ka f.ka
jeä jQ fyhska fuh fufia isÿ úh¡ foajo;a; ysñfhda
tu froao lmamjd" uiaijd" m~q fmdjd isjqrla yd
jrla w.% Y%djlhka jykafia,d fo ku mkaishhla w|khla ilia lrjd f.k .uka ìuka hk úg uy;a
ne.ska msrsjr NsCIQka jykafia,d o leáj nqÿrcdKka wNsudkfhka ye| fmdrjd .sh y¡ ta ÿgq iuyr NsCIQyq
jykafia f.ka wjir f.k fÊ;jk úydrfha isg —fï isjqr foajo;a; ysñhkag ;rï fkdfõ¡ fuh
rc.y kqjr n,d msg;a jQ y¡ Wka jykafia,d f.a .e,fmkafka idrsmq;a; ysñhkag h¡ fï f;reka ;ukag
iïm%dma;sfhka m%S;shg m;a rc.y kqjr mqrjeisfhda .e,fmkafka ke;s isjqrla ye| f.k Tn fudn .uka
wd.ka;=lj meñfKk W;=ukag oka oSfï fmr isrs; lsrSu fkdfydî˜hs l;sld l<y¡ ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka
mrsos ;ks ;ksj fyda fo;=ka fokd fyda lsysm fokd jykafia —uyfKks" foajo;a; ;ukag fkd .e,fmk
tlaj odkudkdosfhka Wmia:dk l< y¡ jia;%hla mrsyrKh lf<a oeka muKla fkdj w;S;fha
o tfia l<y˜ hs jod<y¡ wk;=rej Wka jykafia w;S;
tla oskla oka j<od wjik N=la;dkqfudaokdj lrk l;dj fufia úia;r l<y¡
iershq;a uy ry;ka jykafia —mskaj;=ks" hïlsis
mqoa.,fhla ;uka oka fohs¡ tfy;a wka wh oSfuys fmr nrKeia kqjr n%yauo;a; kï rc flfkl=ka
,d Wkkaÿ fkd lrhs¡ fyf;u oka ÿka mskska fndfyda rdcHh lrk l,ays nrKei tla;rd mqoa.,fhla
iem iïm;a ,nhs¡ t;l=ÿ jqj;a mrsjdr iïm;a;sh we;=ka uerSfuka Ôúldj lf<a h¡ tla;rd jkdka;rhl
fkd ,nhs¡ ;j;a lsishï mqoa.,fhla ;u [d;s-ñ;% we;a;= oyia .Kkla iqjfia jdih l<y¡ oskla
wi,ajdiS ckhd oka oSfuys ,d fmd<Ujhs¡ tfy;a jkfha ixpdrh lroaoS Tjqyq mfia nqÿ kula ÿg y¡
f;fï oka fkd fohs¡ fyf;u u;= Njfhys mrsjdr Wka jykafia oel is;a myka jQ Tjqyq Wka jykafiag
iïm;a;sh ,nhs¡ fjk;a mqoa.,fhla ;ud;a fkd fohs¡ kuialdr l< y¡ tod mgka t;ekska hk tk yeu úg
wkHhka o oSug fhduq fkd lrhs¡ fyf;u mska u| u mfia nqÿrcdKka jykafiag kuialdr lr hdug
fyhska u;= NjhkaysoS l=i mqrd wyrla fkd ,nhs¡ ÿ.S Tjqyq mqreÿjQ y¡
ÿmam;a wirK fjhs¡ tfuka u msrsjr iïm;a;shla
o fkd ,nd ;ksfjhs¡ ;j;a ;eke;af;la f;fï;a
oka fohs¡ wkHhka o oSug fmd<Ujhs¡ fyf;u u;= újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^9 .d:dj&
iir ish .Kka wd;au Ndjhkays hi biqfrka o
wdVHj msrsjr iïm;a;sh o ,nd i;=gq fjhs¡˜ hkqfjka wkslalidfjd ouiÉfpk wfmf;d fhd ldidjx
Ou_h foaYkd l< fial¡ foaYkdj wjidkfha tla jF:x mßofyiai;s fid ldidjx k wry;s
Wmdilfhla —iajdóks" fyg uf.a odkh ms<s.;
uekú˜ hs wdrdOkd lf<a h¡ ;j;a ieoeye;sfhla wkslalidfjd( flf<ia lyg ÿre fkd l<¦
bosrsm;a j ,laIhla jákd froaola mrs;Hd. lrñka ouiÉfpk( bJøsh oukfhka yd i;HjdosFjfhka¦
—fyg odkhg fudk hï fohla jqjukd jqfkd;a wfmf;d( f;drjQ¦ fhd( hï mqoa.,fhla¦ ldidjx
fuh úl=Kd uqo,a f.k th msrsuykak¡ tfia wjYH jF:x( lyj;a¦ mrsofyiai;s( y¢kafka kï¦ fid(
kqjqjfyd;a jia;%h ljr fyda ysñ kulg mQcd lrkak˜ fyf;u¦ ldidjx( lyj;g¦ k wry;s( kqiqÿiq fjhs¡
hs mejiS h¡ flfia jqjo odkh i|yd lsis u wvqmdvqjla
fkd jQfhka" jia;%h ldg mQcd l< hq;=oehs m%Yakhla ly isjqrla ye| isáh o" flf<ia li< ÿre fkd l<
we;s úh¡ bJøsh oukfhka yd i;Hjdos;ajfhka f;dr ;eke;a;d
lyj;a orkakg iqÿiq wfhla fkdfõ¡
—iershq;a-uq.,ka foku isáhd jqj o Wka jykafia,d
fuys meñfKkafka l,d;=rlsks¡ foajo;a; ia:úrfhda
rc.y kqjr ks;HjdiSyq h¡ jia;%h Wka jykafiag
ms<s.kajuq˜hs th foõo;a f;rekag mQcd l<y¡ we;a;u
lsjfyd;a odhlhka w;r fï .ek os. l;djla we;s
úh¡ iershq;a ysñhkag msrskukakg fndfyda wh leu;s
jqj o l,d;=rlska jäkd iershq;a ysñhka fuka fkdj
wfma okg" nKg" W;aij ojig fuka u W;aij ke;s
ojig o wm iu.u isákafka foajo;a; ia:úrfhda h¡
Wka jykafia yrshg msx;d,shla fuka m%fhdackj;ah˜

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 19

 flf,ia lig my l<" ukd is,a we;s" b÷rka oeuQ ;eke;a;d lidj; oeÍug iqÿiq h'

10¡ fhd p jka; lidjiai flf<ia lyg ÿre flrefjda

iSf,iq iqiudysf;d uekúka is,a .=K msrefjda
Wfmf;d ouiÉfpk i;Hh oukh jevqfjda
i fj ldidjury;s ^1(10& lidj;g ksis jQfjda

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is,a .=Kfhka ire jQfjda lidj;g ksis jQfjda
1 ^7& foõo;a f;reka f.a l;dj ^9-10 .d:d& ^b;srs fldgi&

os kla fï wisrsu;a pdrs;%h yia;s >d;lhd f.a fk;

.eáKs¡ —ud oekau u ly isjqrla fydhd .; hq;=˜hs
hls¡˜ tfia mejiQ fndai;ayq —kqU lf<a b;du;a wYsCIs;
wfidank l%shdjle˜hs ks.%y l<y¡
is;+ fyf;u tla;rd mfia nqÿ kula osh kEug ú,g
niakd ;=re /l ys| Wka jykafiaf.a isjqr fidrlï újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^10 .d:dj&
lr .;af;a h¡ th fmdrjd f.k we;=ka .uka lrk
uÕ tla ;ekl m<la ne| ys| .;a fya ysi mgka fhd p jka;lidjiai iSf,iq iqiudysf;d ouiÉfpk
isjqr fmdrjd f;daurh o iÕjd f.k /l isáfha h¡ i Wfmf;d i fj ldidjx wry;s
tfia isg wka;sug u tk we;d f;daurfhka wek urd
.kakd fya o< yd fjk;a m%fhdackhg .; yels wx. fhd p( hï lsis mqoa.,fhla¦ jka; lidjiai(
Wmqgd f.k b;srsh j<,d oud .sfha h¡ fï isrs; l,la flf<ia li,ska ÿre jQfha¦ iSf,iq( iS,hkays¦
lr f.k hk w;r wm uy fndai;ayQ fï we;a rf<ys iqiudysf;d( ukdj yslauqfKda¦ ouiÉfpk( oukfhka
kdhlFjhg m;ajQ y¡ bkamiqj o we;a urejd ;u yd i;Hfhka¦ Wfmf;d( iukaú; jQfha o¦ i( fya¦
iqmqreÿ Wml%uh wkq.ukh lrhs¡ ;u /f<ys we;=ka ldidjx( lyj;a ^orkakg&¦ wry;s( iqÿiq fõ¡
l%ufhka wvqfjkq f;areï .;a fndai;a f;u —wfma /<
l=vd jkafka fï we;=ka fldys hk ksidoe˜hs úuiQy¡ hï lsis mqoa.,fhla flf,ia lyg ÿre lr ukdj
;uka fkdokakd njw ksl=;a yia;SyQ lshd isáh y¡ YS,h wdrCId lr f.k bJøshhka oukh lr .ksñka
i;HjdoSj jdih lrkafka kï fya isjqre orkakg iqÿiq
—fudjqka fldys .sh;a ug lshd ñi fkd h;s¡ tfyhska fjhs¡
lsishï wk;=rla u úh hq;= h˜ hs is;+ fndai;ayq —ysi újrKh
mgka lidj;a fmdrjd f.k isák ;eke;a;d iel
lghq;= h¡ Tyq .ek úuis,su;a jqj ukdhe˜hs is;d ldIdh jia;%h( ldIdh jia;%h fyj;a isjqr prs; Y=oaêfha
ixfla;hla jeks h¡ nqÿ-mfianqÿ-uy ry;ka jykafia,d f.a zwe÷uZ
.;af;a h¡ jk fuh ye|.;a ud;%fhka u fndfyda fokd f.a jkaokdudkdosh
,efnhs¡ tfyhska fuh orkakg fmr ;ud Bg ksiail= njg m;a
we;a uqf, ys kdhl jQ wm fndai;ayQ fufia is; Wmka úh hq;=j mj;shs¡
ielh uq,a lr f.k —úuid n,ñ˜ hs is;d ish¿ we;=ka
fmrgqj hjd fiñka fiñka wka;suhd j meñKsfha h¡ isjqrla oerE jyd u ;ud .Dyia:hka f.ka fjkia njg m;aj we;
hk yeÕSu ^fõjKaKshïys wc®Qm.f;d ;s& meúoafol=g we;s úh
we;a;= o isjqre fm/ jQ we;a urejdg j¢ñka tlsfkld hq;= h¡ ta yeÕ=u yd .Dyia:hka miÕ msysgqjd je|Su o fya;=fjka
fm<g .uka l<y¡ we;a urejd o fndai;=ka wka;sug kj Ôú;hla" kj ms<sfj;la ;ud i|yd fjkaj we;s nj f;areï
tkq oel isjqr uE;a lr f;daurh w;g .;af;a h¡ f.k wdo¾Yj;a phH_djlg fhduq fjhs¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
fndai;ayQ o —fï udf.a msrsjr jkik urejd nj ksh; foajo;a; ÖjrOdrs;ajhg kqiqÿiafilehs jodf<a fï wkqj h¡
he˜hs is;ñka m%ydrhlg uqyqK fokakg ieriqK y¡

we;a urejd f;daurh oud .i;a u bj;g mek osú

.,jd .;a fndai;ayq Tyq w,a,d .kakg bosrshg osj
wdy¡ tfy;a we;a urejd osj f.dia .ilg uqjd úh¡
—uu fï .i;a ñksid;a tlg ysr lr .ksñ˜hs
fndai;ayq fofokdu fyd~jef,ka w,a,d isr lr
.kakg is;+ y¡ túg osú .,jd .ekSu msKsi
we;aurejd isjqr .,jd bosrshg mEfõ h¡ —oeka fï
isjqr weo oud fudyq w,a,d urd oeuqj fyd;a nqÿ-
mfianqÿ - uyry;=ka fmdfrdak Öjrhg ks.%y l<d
kï jkafka h¡ tfia lrkakg wleue;af;ñ˜hs is;+
fndai;ayq bjid ord .ksñka Tyqf.ka fufia úuiQ y¡

—uf.a j._hd keiqfõ f;dm fkdfõ o@˜

—tfiauehs W;=udKks˜

—tjeks l=rere lula lf<a ljr fyhska o@ kqU fmdrjd

f.k isákafka flf<ia keiQ W;=uka fmdrjk Öjrhls¡
th kqUg lsisfia;a fkd .e<fmhs¡ fujeks my;a
l%shdjla lsrSfuka f;dm lr we;af;a n,j;a wl=Y, lu_
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 21
ksirefoh ireh" irefoh ksireh hk jeros woyia f.dÿre fldg we;a;dyq irejQ ksjkaiqj fkd,n;a'

11¡ widfr idru;sfkd ksire foa ire fia

idfr pd idroiaisfkd ire foa idr ke;s fia
f; idrx kdê.ÉPka;s jrojd .; fyd;a
ñÉPd iÙlmamf.dprd ^1(11& fkd ,efnhs idr lsisjla¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ñiÈgq .; fyd;a - hy ux weúfr;a¡
1 ^8& iershq;a uq.,ka foku f.a l;dj ^11-12 .d:d&

r c.y kqjr fõ¿jk úydrfhys jev úiQ

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iershq;a uq.,ka foku f.a
.=rejrhd j isá ixch wern fï .d:d hq.auh
njla fmfkkag keye¡ wehs wuq;a;@˜ Wm;siai f.a
ms<s;=r jQfha —uu fï l,amkd lf<a fï o¾Yk fudk
;rï fndrejla o lsh,hs¡ fïjdhska ,nkafk fndre
jod< y¡ ;djld,sl i;=gla fka o@ fïjdfha lsisu w¾:hla
keye¡ m%fhdackhla keye¡ fudkjo wms fï n,d bkak
rc.y kqjrg kqÿfrys Wm;siai .u iy flda,s; .u úldr¡ uu l,amkd lf<a wehs wms fï ;djld,sl foa
kï jQ nuqKq .ï folla ;sìK¡ Wm;siai .fuys úiQ miafia ÿjk tl kj;aj,d ioyg mj;sk úuqla;shla
rEmidrS kï n%dyauK ldka;dj .eí .;a oskfha u .ek ys;kafka ke;af;a lsh,hs¡ hd¿jd" Thdg;a
flda,s; .fuys úiQ fud.a.,S kï n%dyauK ldka;dj o fudlla yrs m%Yakhla ;sfnk nj fmakjd¡ Tn jeä
.eí .;a;d h¡ fï mjq,a fol mrïmrd y;l mgka u i;=gla ke;sj l,amkd nrj ysáfha wehs@˜ hkakhs¡
oeä ñ;%;ajfhka fj,S iómj isá nj lshkq ,efí¡ fï
mjq,a fol u tl u osfkl .eí fm<yr kï jQ .eìKs —uu;a Th .ekuhs ys; ys;d ysáfha¡ ug;a ys;=Kd fï
ujqjreka f.a wdrCIdj i|yd jk úfYaI wd.ñl udhdfjka ños,d ire idr fohla fydhkak ´k lsh,d¡˜
ldhH_h o l< y¡ oi uia wejEfuka fofokdu msrsñ hs flda,s; o ms<s;=re ÿkafka h¡
orefjda fofofkl= m%iQ; l< y¡
—b;ska wms fokaku tl;= fj,d úi÷ula fydhuq¡
idrS neñKshf.a orejd .fuys .ïm;s mjqf,ys Wmka wo b|,d f,dalfha ienE ;;= .ek;a ienE m%Yak
fyhska .fï kñka u zWm;siaiZ f,i kï lrk ,os¡ j,g kshu úi÷ula .ek;a wms fokakd u fydhuq˜hs
ta wkqj u fud.a.,S f.a orejdg o zflda,s;Z hk ku Tjqyq l;sld lr .;a y¡ —uq,ska u fudlo lrkafka@˜
Tjqka f.a mjq, o .ïm;s mjq, jQ fyhska fhdokakg tjlg rc.y kqjr úiQ ixch kï mrsn%dclhd ,Õ
mshjr .eksKs¡ orefjda fofok u jeä jhig m;ajk meúos jkakg Tjqyq ;SrKh lr .;a y¡ msrsjr ckhd
w;r Wiia wOHdmkhlg ysñlï ,nd úúO Ys,am wvla i;=ka ne¢ jdyk iuÕ ksfjia n,d hejQ Tjqyq
Ydia;%hka ys ksmqK jQ y¡ ks;r ks;r yuq jk Tjqkg mkaishhla iuÕ ixch fj; f.dia meúos jQ y¡ Tjqka
500 ne.ska msrsjr ;reKfhda o jQ y¡ fofokd 500 la i.hka o iuÕ meúos ùfuka ixch
f.a lS¾;sh o me;sr .sfha h¡
yeu jirl u rc.y kqjr meje;afjk z.sr.a.
iuÊcZ kï W;aijhla úh¡ th meje;ajqfKa l÷ fofokd u tlaj b;d Wkkaÿfjka ixch f.a o¾Ykh
YsLrhl h¡ kegqï .ehqï jehqï m%didx.sl wx.hka uekúka bf.k .;a y¡ b;d ál osklska u ixch f.a
f.ka imsreKq ieKfl,sh krUkakg fï m%N+ b.ekaùï ksu jQ j.la Tjqkag yeÕsKs¡ tfyhska Tjqyq
fh!jkhka fom<g úfYaI wiqka folla mKjd ;sìKs¡ —.=re;=uks" Tn;=uka f.a ish¨u b.ekaùï fu muK
tl ,Õ jQ wiqka foflys ys| ixo¾Ykh kerUQ o@ ;j;a wmg fkd b.ekajQ fohla ;sfnkjd oe˜hs
Tjqyq osk .Kkla tys jQ m%yi; krUñka iskdiqK Tjqyq úuiQ y¡
y¡ fYdaldka; krUd fYdal jQ y¡ mrs;Hd. lrkakg
wjia:d Wod jQ úg ks¾f,daNSj mrs;Hd. l< y¡ —tmuKhs¡ Tn oeka fiaru bf.k f.k bjrhs˜ fya
ms<sjoka ÿkafka h¡
osk .Kkla fufia úfkdao jQ miq tla oskla Tjqyq
ta .ek .eUqrg is;kakg jka y¡ fï kegqï .ehqï újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^11 .d:dj&
jehqï ish,a, ujd .;a úfkdaohka fkd fõ o@ fudjqka
lrkafka wm h:d¾:fhka uqjd lr jHdc pu;aldrhla widfr idru;sfkd idfr p widroiaisfkd
ujd oSula fkd fõ o@ fï ish¨ kegqï .ehqï jehqï ñÉPdiÙlmamf.dprd f; idrx k wê.ÉPka;s
mj;afka iq¿ l,ls¡ fï ish¿ k¿ ks<shkaf.a rE fidnd
jir lsysmhlska jekiS uy¨j crm;aj wm%ikak jkq widfr( yrj;a fkdjk foa¦ idru;sfkd( yrj;a hehs
we;¡ is;k¦ idfr p( yrj;a foa úIfhys¦ widroiaisfkd(
ksire foa hehs is;k¦ ñÉPdiÙlmamf.dprd( ñ:Hd
tod Wm;siai iskd úh hq;= ;ek iskdiqfka ke;¡ yeçh ixl,amkdjkag f.dÿrejQ¦ f;( Tjqyq¦ idrx( wk¾>
hq;= ;ek Tyq f.a fofkf;ys l÷,la fkd keÕsK¡ fya foa¦ k wê.ÉPka;s( idOkh lr fkd .ks;s¡
flda,s; foi ne,S h¡
ksire foa ire hehs is;ñka idrj;a foa ksire foa
Tyq o tfiau h¡ flda,s; Wm;siai weu;S h¡ —wo Tn hehs mg,jd f.k ñ:Hd ixl,aamkd j,g f.dÿre jk
wuq;=hs¡ Bfha fmf¾od jf.a úfkdaodiajdohla ,nk mqoa.,fhda lsis lf,l Ôú;fha Wiia wê.u idOkh
lr fkd .ks;s¡

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 23

 irefoh ire f,i;a" ksirefoh ksire f,i;a ksjerosj olakdyq idrjq ksjka iqj ,n;a'

12¡ idr[ap idrf;d [;ajd irefoa ire f,i ms<sf.k

widr[ap widrf;d ksire-ksire f,i oek f.k
f; idrx wê.ÉPka;s ksjeros is;=ú,s jvñk
iïud iÙlmam f.dprd ,n;szidrZkqjKe;s ok¡

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ire foa y÷k;a kqjkska msìfo;a¡
1 ^8& iershq;a uq.,ka foku f.a l;dj ^11-12 .d:d& ^b;srs fldgi&

t fy;a Wm;siai f.a yd flda,s; f.a uQ,sl .eg¨

;ju;a tfia uh¡ tajdg ms<s;=re fidhd .; hq;=h¡
—;j ÿrg;a ixch f.ka W.kakg fohla ke;s fyhska
b;d iaj,am fj;s¡˜ —tfia kï" orejks" {dkjka;fhda
f.da;u nqÿka fj; fh;ajdæ fudavfhda ud fj; t;s¡˜

wms oUosj mqrd weúo flfia fyda fïjdg ms<s;=re osh tfia lS miq ;j;a ta .ek l;d lsrSu ksIaM, nj
yels .=rejrfhla fidhd .ksuq¡ uq,ska u i;Hh fidhd f;areï .;a flda,s; iy Wm;siai Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
.kakd ;eke;a;d wksldg th mjik woyiska fjka yuqjg hdu msKsi msg;a jQ y¡ ixchf.a Y%djl
j iersiruq˜ hs Tjqyq .súi .;a y¡ Tjqyq fjka fjka j msrsfika 250 fofkla o ta fofokdg tlajQ y¡
úúO .=rejreka yuq j idlÉPd lrñka m%Yak kÕñka
wurKShFjh fidhkakg mgka .;a y¡ flda,s; yd Wm;siai Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj; f.dia
meúos jQ y¡ ixch meñfKkakg leu;s fkd jQ nj
Wm;siai yd flda,s; kÕk m%Yak j,g i;=gqodhl oekqï ÿka úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d hq.auh
ms<s;=re fok wfhla fkd jQ y¡ Tjqka úuik yeu jod< y¡
m%Yakhlg u ta fofokd ms<s;=re ÿka y¡ tla oskla
Wm;siai f.a Ôú;fha iqkaor ;u isoaêh isÿ úh¡ Tyqg újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^12 .d:dj&
wiaið ysñhka oelSfï Nd.Hh Wod úh¡ fuf;la fijQ
wudj Tyq ,oafoa tod h¡ idrx idrf;d p widrx widrf;d p [;ajd
iïudiÙlmam f.dprd f; idrx wê.ÉPka;s
wiaið ysñhka f.a m%ikak" Ydka; yd m%nqoaO ú,dih
ÿgq muKska u Wm;siai kj Ôjhla ,oafoa h¡ —tl idrx( w¾:j;a foa¦ idrf;d p( w¾:j;a jYfhka o¦
úoshlska lS úg uu ishla úoshlska fyda oyila widrx( w¾: Y=kH foa¦ widrf;d p( w¾: Y=kH fia
úoshlska f;areï .kakï˜ Wm;siai mejiS h¡ wiaið o¦ [;ajd( oek¦ iïud iÙlmam f.dprd( iuHla
ysñfhda túg —hï lsis fohla fya;=-m%;H ksid yg .kS ixl,amhkg f.dapr jk¦ f;( ^kqjKe;af;da& Tjqyq¦
kï" ta fya;=-m%;H Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia meyeos,s l<y¡ idrx( yrj;a foa¦ wê.ÉPka;s( idOkh lr .ks;s¡
tajd ksreoaO lsrSu ms<sn|j o Wka jykafia fy<s l<y˜
hk wre;a we;s yrj;a foa yrj;a foa f,i ms<sf.k ksire foa ksire
foa nj oek ksjeros is;=ú,s j,ska iukaú; jk
—fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd-f;aix fya;=x ;:d.f;d wdy mqoa.,fhda Ôú;fha wk.s;u foa idOkh lr .ks;s¡
f;aix p fhda ksfrdafOd-tjx jdos uydiufKd˜
újrKh
hk .d:dj jod< y¡ uq,a mo fol wefik úg u
nqÿrcdKka jykafia máÉp iuqmamdo O¾uh foaYkd fuu .d:d hq.auh idr Ou_ ms<sn| úpCIKfhys jeo.;alu
wjOdrKh lrhs¡ idrOu_ mg,jd .ekSu f,daflda;a;r idOk
lrk nj jegyqKq Wm;siai fidajdka M,h ,eî h¡ ish,a, jrojd .ekSug fya;= fjhs¡ wmf.a l%shd l,dmhkays
jyd u ish ñ;=re flda,s; fidhd .sh fyf;u iqn ksrjoH;dj r|d mj;skafka wmf.a idrO¾u úpCIKh u; h¡
mqj; mjiñka tu .d:dj Tyqg lSfõ h¡ .d:dj mjid fyd| yd krl" ÿl yd iem wdosh ms<sn| úksYaphg wmf.a
wjikaj;a u flda,s; o fidajdka úh¡ idrO¾u úpCIKh n,mdhs¡

fndfyda wh ÿisrs;g fhduq jkafka idrO¾u moaO;sh jrojd .ekSu

;uka ,o iïm; .=rejrhd iu. o fnod yod .; fya;=fjks¡ Tjqyq lsis lf,l W;=ï wê.u fkd ,n;s¡
hq;= hehs is;+ Tjqyq nqÿka yuqjg hkakg ixchg o
wdrdOkd l< y¡ —uu os.g u .=rejrfhla jYfhka
m%lg j isáfhñ¡ oeka fï ysá yeáfha Y%djlhl=
ùug ug ms<sjkaoe˜hs mejiQ ixch —Tn leu;s kï
hkak˜hs lshd isáfha h¡ —.=re;=uks" tfia fkd lrkak¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj my< jQ jydu oyia .Kka
ckhd Wkajykafia jgd frdla fj;s¡ wms;a ta f.dvg
tla fjuq¡˜ hs nqoaêu;a YsIHhka fofokd kej; wheo
isá úg ixch Tjqka f.ka fufia m%Yak lf<a h¡

—weje;aks" f,dalfha jeämqr isákafka {dkjka;fhda o

fudavfhda o@˜

—iajdóks" fudavfhda jeämqr fjfi;s¡ {dkjka;fhda

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 25
 Ndjkdfjys fkd jevqKq kqmqreÿ is; ;=< rd.h úksúo hhs'

13¡ h:dZ.drx ÿÉPkakx f;fuhs f.h jeiaig

jqÜÁ iu;súÊCO;s fiú,s fkd lf<d;a uekúka
tjx wNdú;x Ñ;a;x is; rd.fhka flf<fihs
rdf.d iu;súÊCO;s ^1(13& fkd jevqj Ndjkdfjka

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mqyqKq fkd l< is; - rd.fhka fjhs f;;a
1 ^9& kkao ysñhkaf.a l:d jia;=j ^13 iy 14 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia iej;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik ish {d;s
fidfydhqre kkao f;rKqjka wern fï .d:d hq.auh
fÊ;jkdrduhg .sh kkao f;rKqfjda ál osklska u
meúoafoys Wlg,S j ish in%yaupdrSkag fuh oekajQ y¡
—weje;aks" uu wikaf;daIfhka isáñ¡ ud meúos j isák
jod< fial¡ kuq;a os.ska os.gu meúos oï mqrkakg wiu¾:fhñ¡
tfyhska meúoao yer oud .sys f.g wdmiq hdug
lms,jia;= kqjrg f.dia ish mshdKka oel .kakg leue;af;ñ¡˜ ta weiQ in%yaupdrS NsCIQyQ —weje;a kkao
oeka nqÿrÿkg iqÿiq l,a hehs is;+ ld¿odhS f;rKqfjda ysñhks" Tn meúoafoys Wlg,S jkakg fya;= ljf¾
.uka ufÕys úis;=r lú j,ska mjiñka nqÿ iñ÷ka o@˜ hsúpd< y¡ —ud meúoaog tk od uf.a ìrs| ckmo
imsrsjrska lms, jia;= kqjrg jevu jQ y¡ kqjr l,HdKsh wvla mSrE flia we;sj l÷¿ jel=Kq uqyqKska
ms~qisÕd jäñka isáhoS ish mshdKkag zW;a;sÜfG hq;=j —ysñhks" jyd wdmiq tkq uekeje˜hs lSjd h¡ ta
kmamuÊfchHZ hk .d:dfjka Ou_ foaYkd lr fidajdka joka ;ju;a ud ijfKys /õ ms<s/õ fohs¡ tfyhska
M,fhys msysgjQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia zOïux pfr uu meúos Ôú;h flf¾ Wlg,Sj isáñ¡ ;jÿrg;a
iqprs;xZ wdoS .d:dfjka Ou_ foaYkd lr uyd m%cdm;S meúosj isákakg fkdyel¡˜
f.da;ñh fidajdka M,fhys o mshdKka ilod.dó
M,fhys o msysgjQ y¡ kkao ysñhka f.a fï jpk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
oekqï fok ,os¡ Wka jykafia kkao ysñ le|jd ta
miq osk kkao l=ureka f.a ux.,Hh ;=kla u tlg ienEoehs úuid ;yjqre lr" wk;=rej kkao ysñ ish
fhoS ;sìK¡ wNsfIalh" kj ksjig msúiSu yd újdyh iDoaê n,fhka ;õ;sid foõf,djg le|jd f.k .sh
ta ;=khs¡ tosk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag odkh msrskuk y¡ tfia hk w;ruÕoS oeù .sh fyakl oejqKq .ila
,o w;r ud<s.h újD; lsrSfïoS wNskj ud<s.djg u; .skafkka folka" kdid yd j,s.h o ms<siaiS úlD;
msúiqkq Wka jykafia kkao l=ureg wdYSj_do lrñka jQ je¢rshl olakg ie,eiaiQ y¡
md;%h Tyq w;g ÿka y¡ wdmiq .ufkaoS md;%h Tyq
w;ska wdmiq fkd f.ku msg;a jQ y¡ újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^13 .d:dj&

—iñ÷ks" Tfí md;%h .kake˜hs lSu ks.%yhla fia ÿÉPkakx w.drx jqÜÁ h:d iu;súÊCO;s tjx
is;+ kkao msh.eg fm< niskakg fmr th .ks;ehs wNdú;x Ñ;a;x rdf.d iu;s úÊCO;s
is;d miqmiska .sfha h¡ tfy;a th fkdjQ fyhska msh
.egfm< mduq,oS .ks;ehs is;Sh¡ th;a bgq fkd úks¡ ÿÉPkakx( ukd j fiú,s fkd l<¦ w.drx( f.hlg¦
rc jdi, ñÿf,a oS tfia lr;ehs is;=j o tfia;a jqÜÁ( jeiai¦ h:d( hï fia¦ iu;s úÊCO;s( ldkaÿ
fkdùh¡ md;%h nqÿrÿka w;g oS blaukska ish ukd,sh jkafka ^f;fukafka& o¦ tjx( ta f,iska u¦ wNdú;x(
fj; hkakg wjYH;dj ;snqK o th lshd .kakg Ndjkd fkd l<¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ rdf.d( rd.h¦ iu;s
wiu;aj fu;ek oS .kq we;" fu;ek oS .kq we; hs úÊCO;s( úksúo hhs¡
is;ñka os.gu .sfha h¡
jy, ukdj fiú,s fkd l< f.hla jeiaig f;fuhs¡
fï w;r;=r nqÿrÿka kkao l=ureka úydria:dkhg tfia u Ndjkdfjka yslaujd fkd .;a is; rd.fhka
le|jd f.k hk nj;a th ckmo l,HdKshg wd;=r fjhs¡
fyd|lg ysákakg ners fjk nj;a wehg ie< úh¡
tfyhska ´ ndf.g mSrE flia jeáh o we;sj oEfia
l÷¿ mqrjd f.k osj f.dia —kkao l=ureks" jyd
wdmiq tkak˜ hs lSjd h¡ ta jokska kkao f.a yo ls;s
leù .sh o ta j.la fkdokakd fuka nqÿrcdKka
jykafia Tyq fÊ;jkdrduhg u le|jd f.k .sh y¡
fÊ;jkdrduhg .sh miq md;%h w;g .;a Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia —kkao" Tn uyK jkakg leu;soe˜hs weiQ
y¡ ;uka Bg wleu;s jqj o nqoaO f.!rjh ksid tfia
lshd .kakg wiu;a jQ kkao l=ure —leu;shs˜ hkqfjka
ms<sjoka ÿkafka h¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq tfjf,a
u meúos lrjQ y¡ fufia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iu.

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 27

 fudkjg mqreÿ l< Ndjkdfjys jevqKq is;;=< rd.h úksúo fkdfha'

14¡ h:dZ.drx iqÉPkakx fkd f;fuhs ksji jeiaig

jqÜÁ k iu;súÊCO;s fiú,s l<fyd;a uekúka
tjx iqNdú;x Ñ;a;x rd.fhka is; fkd ief,hs
rdf.d k iu;súÊCO;s^1(14& jevqfjd;a Ndjkdfjka

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is; yqre mqyqKq lr - ;nkq rd.h ÿre lr
1 ^9& kkao ysñhka f.a l:d jia;=j ^13-14 .d:d& b;srs fldgi

; õ;sid foõf,djg .sh miq ila foú÷ka f.a

fiajdjg meñKs frdai meye;s fomd we;s osjH
wmairdjka mkaishhla fmka jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
wikaf;daIfhka isáñ" uu .sysf.g wdmiq hñ˜ lshd h¡
oeka Tn tfia fkd lshkafka wehs oehs úuiQ NsCIQyQ Wka
jykafia ry;a jQ nj .ek idlÉPd l< y¡ nqÿrcdKka
—kkao" Tfí woyfia yeáhg jvd;a iqrEms hehs Tng jykafia Wka jykafia,d f.a l;d ny oek f.k ta
isf;kafka ckmo l,HdKsh o ke;akï" fï wmairdfjda ksñ;af;ka fï .d:d fol foaYkd l< y¡
oe˜hs úuiQ y¡ —iajdókS" fï wmairdjka iu. ii|k
úg ckmo l,HdKsh folka" kdid yd j,s.h oeù újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^14 .d:dj&
.sh je¢rsh jeks hehs yefÕa˜ hs kkao ysñfhda ms<s;=re
ÿka y¡ iqÉPkakx w.drx jqÜÁ h:d k iu;s úÊCO;s tjx
iqNdú;x Ñ;a;x rdf.d k iu;s úÊCO;s
—kkao" ÿla fkdjkak¡ Tn leu;s kï" uu fï
wmairdjka f.ka flfkla Tng ,nd fokak hs iqÉPkakx( ukdj fiú,s l<¦ w.drx( f.hlg¦ jqÜÁ(
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mejiQ y¡ m%S;shg m;a kkao jeiai¦ h:d( hï fia¦ k iu;s úÊCO;s( ldkaÿ fkd
ysñfhda —b;ska Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ug ta .ek jkafka o¦ tjx( ta f,iska u¦ iqNdú;x( Ndjkdfjka
iy;sl fjkjd kï uu b;d leue;af;ka meúos oï ixj¾ê;¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ rdf.d( rd.h¦ k iu;s
mqrkafkñ˜hs mejiQ y¡ úÊCO;s( úksúo fkd hhs¡

tod mgka kkao ysñfhda b;d leue;af;ka" uy;a f.hla uekúka fiú,s lr we;akï th jeiaig fkd
wNsreÑfhka ùhH_ jvñka" Ndjkdkqfhda.S núka meúos f;fuhs¡ tfukau is; ukdj Ndjkdfjka jO_kh l<
oï msrE y¡ wfkl=;a NsCIQka jykafia kkao f;r úg rd.h thg fkd msúfihs¡
fojÕkqka m;d uyKoï mqr;shs úys¿ ;y¿ l< o
kkao ysñfhda os.g u ùhH_ jevQ y¡ fï úêu;a meúos újrKh
oï msrSfï m%;sM,h jQfha kkao ysñhka fkdfnda l,lska
u ry;a M,h ,eîuhs¡ry;aM,h ,;a osk /fhys nqÿ fï .d:d hq.auh Ñ;a; ixj¾Okh yd iïnJOh¡ nqÿ oyfuys
zÑ;a;Z fyj;a uki merKs ngysr ufkda úoHd{hka fuka lh
iñ÷ka olakg .sh kkao ry;ka jykafia —iajdókS" iu. ksrfmaCI mod¾:hla f,i olajd fkd ue;¡
ug frdai meye;s md we;s wmairdjka ,nd fokakg
jQ fmdfrdkaÿfjka Tn jykafia uqojkakg wdñ˜hs zNdjkdZ kï nqÿ iufhys tk udkisl YsCIKh fyj;a udkisl
mejiQ y¡ —kkao uu Tfí is; úksúo oel th mila yeÈhdjhs' rd.fhka mßð; jkafka tfia YsCIKh fkd l< woka;
lf<ñ˜ hs jod< y¡ kkao Tn ta oskj, lSfõ —uu is;h'

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 29

 mõ l< ;eke;a;d fu f,dj yd mrf,dj fidalfjhs' ;uka l< mõ lï oel ÿlafjhs'

15¡ bO fidp;s fmÉp fidp;s ;efjhs tf,dj;a-;efjhs fuf,dj;a

mdmldß WNh;a: fidp;s mjqldrhd ;efjhs fof,dj u
fid fidp;s fid úy[a[;s ÿla fõ h je,fma h mjqlre
osiajd lïuls,sÜGuZ;a;fkd ^1(15& fufkys lr l< mdm lu_h

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wñysrsh mjq m,
1 ^10& pqkao iQlrslhd f.a l:dj ^15 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia rc.y kqjr fõ¿jkdrdufhys

jev jdih lrk fiala pqkao iQlrslhd wruqKq
fldg fï .d:doajh jod< y¡
mdmldß( mjq ldrhd¦ bO( fuf,dj oS¦ fidp;s(
fYdal lrhs¦ fmÉp( mrf,dj o¦ fidp;s( fYdal
lrhs¦ WNh;a:( fof,djoS u¦ fidp;s( fYdal lrhs¦
fid( fyf;u¦ w;a;fkd( ;ud f.a¦ ls,sÜGx lïux(
Nd.H;=ka jykafia jev úiQ wdrduhg hdnoj jdih mdm lu_h¦ osiajd( oel¦ fidp;s( fYdal lrhs¦ fid(
l< o pqkao lsis osfkl úydria:dkhg fkd meñksfha fyf;u¦ úy[a[;s( fÄohg m;a fjhs¡
h¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag .re i;aldr fkd lf<a h¡
tla n;a yekaola j;a msKavmd;hlg fkd fnoS h¡ mjq lrk ;eke;a;d fuf,dj;a fYdal lrhs¡ mrf,dj;a
ieflúka lsjfyd;a mskla hehs lsjyels lsis u fohla fYdal lrhs¡ fof,djoS u fYdal lrhs¡ ;ud l< mdm
fkd lf<a h¡ l¾uhka oel fYdal lrhs" miq;efjhs¡

uq¿ Ôú; ld,h u pqkao lf<a W!rka uerSu h¡ újrKh

mKmsáka isáh oS u W!rkag fmd¨j,ska ;<hs¡ ta uia
bosóu i|yd h¡ bkamiq lg wer kgk WKq j;=r j;a wl=i,a lrk mqoa.,fhda tu lu_ lrk wjia:dfõ oS thska ;ukag
ú¢kakg fjk úmdl ms<sn|j fkd is;;s¡ tfy;a fuf,dj oS
lrhs¡ ta l=i msrsisÿ lsrSug h¡ wk;=rej .sks yq,lska u úmdl ú¢k úg fYdal lrkakg isÿ fõ¡ fuf,dj oS fuka u
wefÕys frdau ish,a, mq¿iaihs¡ fï ish,a, lrk úg mrf,dj oS o wl=i,fhys úmdl ú¢kakg isÿ fõ¡
W!rd wuq;=fjka urkakg fohla ke;¡ ur y~ foñka
fõokdfjka ÿla ú¢k i;d bfí u uefrhs¡ fuhska woyia jkafka ish¿u l¾u wksjdhH_fhka u úmdl ú¢h
hq;= nj fkd fõ¡ wd.ñl újrKh w¾:j;a jkakg kï lu_h
mrdch lrk l%uhla ;sìh hq;= h¡ tfyhska fn!oaO YsCIKh ;=<
os.ska os.g u fuu l=ßre m%dKjOh l< pqkao lïuksfrdaO.dñkS m%;smodjla o we;=<;a fjhs¡ lu_h ms<sn| fn!oaO
urKdikak iufhys úhre jegqfKa h¡ W!rl= fuka b.ekaùï yqfola ztlg-tlZ fuka ir, jQjla fkdj lu_hkays
f.drjñka y;r .df;ka ÿjñka u< my lr wkqNj .=Kd;aul úÑ;%Fjh" mqoa., úúOFjh fya;=-m%;H Ou_fhys
lrñka oeÕÆ Tyq yslaujkakg lsisfjla iu;a fkd iajNdjh wdoS yeu foa ie,ls,a,g f.k f;areï .; hq;= ixlS¾K
jQ y¡ f.hska msg hkakg ners jk fia fodr.=¿ oeóu úIhls¡
yer fjk lsisjla l< fkd yels úh¡ ;u lu_dkqrEmj nqÿiuh Ôú;h mq¿,a oDIaáhlska újrKh lrk oyuls¡ th
oeä ÿla ú¢ fyf;u i;a oskla —wùÑ uy krldos ÿl˜ tla Njhlska ish,a, ksu fj;shs fkd ms<s.kshs¡ i;aFjhd oS¾>
fuf,dj u ú¢kakdla fia ÿla ú| ñh .sfha h¡ i;a jQ ixidrfha ish lu_dkqrEmj Wiia-my;a fjñka iem yd ÿl
osku fodr jid ;snqK o pqkao W!rl= fia ury~ ÿka ú¢ñka iersir;s¡ t;l=ÿ jqj;a ta ish,a, isÿjkafka ks;H jQ
fyhska fndfyda wh is;=fõ Tyq osk y;la u osjd ? wúkYajr jQ wd;auhlska f;drj h¡ tfyhska wkkH;djlska f;dr
wúÉfþo;djla ;yjqre lrñka zk p fid k p w[af[dZ hk
W!rka uerE nj h¡ m%ldYh w¾:l:dpdhH_jre olaj;s¡

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqjg .sh NsCIQka jykafia

lSm kula —iajdóks" pqkao f.hs fodr jid f.k
os.ska os.g u W!rka urhs¡ ksh;fhka u Tyq f,dl=
idohlg iQodkï fjkjd úh yel¡ fï ;rï l=ßre uia
jeoafola kï óg fmr bkakg ke;sj we;˜hs mejiQ
y¡ —uyfKks" fï i;a osk mqrd Tyq W!rka urkjd fkd
fjhs¡ Tyq f.a wl=i, úmdlh ú¢kjd¡ mK msáka u
ksrd ÿla ú¢kjd¡ W!rl= fia ury~ ;<ñka f.a mqrd
tys fuys ÿjk ksid f.hs fodr jykakg isÿ jqKd¡
wo Tyq ñh f.dia krlfhys Wmkakd˜hs nqÿrcdKka
jykafia meyeos,s l< y¡ —iajdóks" Tyq fuf,dj;a ÿla
ú| mrf,dj;a ÿlg u m;a jqKd˜hs NsCIQka jykafia,d
mejiQ úg ;:d.;hka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< y¡

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^15 .d:dj&

mdmldrS bO fidp;s fmÉp fidp;s WNh;a: fidp;s

fid w;a;fkd ls,sÜGx lïux osiajd fidp;s fid
úy[a[;s

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 31

 l=i,a l< ;eke;a;d fuf,dj yd mrf,dj fndfyda fia i;=gq fjhs'

16¡ bO fudo;s fmÉp fudo;s fuf,dj;a ;=gqfj;s tf,dj;a ;=gqfj;s

l; mq[af[d WNh;a: fudo;s mska l< Woúh fof,dj u ;=gqfj;s
fid fudo;s fida mfudo;s jeäfhka ;=gqfj;s i;=áka bmsf,;s
Èiajd lïu úiqoaê u;a;fkd ^1¡16& l< msßisÿ mska ±l ±l iekfi;s

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l< fyd| foa iem f.k foa
1 ^11& Oïñl Wmdilhd f.a l;d mqj; ^16 jk .d:dj&

ie je;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik

iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj Oïñl
Wmdil ;ek ksñ;s fldg foaYkd l< fial'
Tyq le|jd f.k hdu i|yd meñK isáh y¡ Tyq
kj;skakg hehs lSfõ Tjqkag h¡ Ou_ Y%jKh ksujk
;=re isákakehs Tjqkag l< ix{dj h¡˜ —ienE o
iajdóks@˜ —tfia h uyfKks" ta ienE h¡˜ —oeka Tyq
ieje;a kqjr Oïñl keue;s .Dyia: Y%djlfhla jdih Wmkafka fldyso" iajdóks@˜ —uyfKks" Oïñl ;=is;
lf<a h' kug u .e,fmk Od¾ñl Ôú;hla .; l< osjH f,dalfhys Wmkafka h¡˜
fyf;u oka §fuys uy;a reÑhla ±laù h' nqoaO m%uqL
ix>hd jykafiag ks;r ks;r oka ÿka w;r úfYaI —iajdóks" Oïñl fï Bfha fmf¾od jk ;=reu uy;a
Èkj, uy oka meje;aù h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a m%S;sfhka fuys isáfha h¡ oeka fyf;u ñh f.dia
uyd odhlhka mkaishfhka tla wfhla jQ fyf;u foõf,dj uy;a i;=áka isák nj Tn jykafia f.ka
mq;=ka y;a fofkl= f.a iy ¥jreka y;a fofkl= f.a oek .;suq¡˜ NsCIQka jykafia,d tfia mejiQ úg —tfia
msfhla jQfha h' orefjda o mshd fuka u oyï uÕ .uka h uyfKks' wm%udoS" l=i,a lrk mqoa.,fhda fuf,dj;a
l< ie±ye;sfhda jQ y' m%S;sfhka isá;s¡ mrf,dj;a m%S;sfhka isá;s¡˜ hs jod<
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj o foaYkd l< y¡
jrla fyd|gu .s,ka jQ Oïñl uy iÕ rejk
jevujd msß;a iÊ®dhkd lrjk fia b,a,d isáfha h' újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^16 .d:dj&
NsCIQka jykafia jevu fldg" wef|ys je;sr isá Tyq
wìuqj jev ys÷jd" uyd i;smÜGdk iQ;%h iÊ®dhkd l; mq[af[d bO fudo;s" fmÉp fudo;s" WNh;a:
lrk w;r;=r foõ f,da yfhka ieriQ ÈjH jdyk fudo;s" fid w;a;fkda lïu úiqoaêx osiajd fudo;s
yhla Tyq ;u ;u foõ f,da j,g le|jd f.k hkq fid mfudo;s
msKsi meñKsh y' Tjqka ÿgq Oïñl msß;a ksu jk ;=re
u|la kj;skakehs ix{d lf<a h' tfy;a ta ix{dj l; mq[af[d( mska l< ;eke;a;d¦ bO( fuf,dj;a¦
msß; kj;ajkakehs l< ix{djla fia f;areï .;a fudo;s( i;=gq fjhs¦ fmÉp( mrf,dj o¦ fudo;s(
NsCIQka jykafia msß; kj;d msg;a j .sh y' i;=gq fjhs¦ WNh;a: fudo;s( fof,dj u i;=gq fjhs¦
fid( fyf;u¦ w;a;fkd( ;ud f.a¦ lïu úiqoaêx(
wk;=rej ;uka le|jd f.k hdug ifoõ f,dúka phH_dfjys msrsisÿlu¦ osiajd( oel¦ fudo;s( i;=gq
ßh yhla meñK we;s nj Oïñl Wmdil f;u ;u fjhs¦ fid( fyf;u¦ mfudo;s( w;sYhska i;=gq fjhs'
orejkag mejiS h' ;=is; foõf,dõka meñKs r:h
f;dard .;a fyf;u u,a oula th ;sfnk ;ek wyig mska l< ;eke;a;d fuf,dj;a i;=gq fjhs¡ mrf,dj;a
oukakehs orejkag Wmfoia ÿkafka h' ta wkqj orefjda i;=gq fjhs¡ fof,dju i;=gq fjhs¡ ;ud f.a phH_dfjys
u,a oula .=jkg ùis l< y' th .=jfkys jQ ÈjH mú;%Fjh ^l¾u úY=oaêh& .ek is;d i;=gq fjhs¡
r:fhys /¢Ks' u,a ou .=jfkys /£ ;sfnkq tys / w;sYhska u i;=gg m;a fjhs¡
iaj isá yeu fokdgu fmksKs' tfy;a r:h fkd
fmksKs' —Tng u,a ou fmfkkjd fkd fõ o˜hs úuiQ újrKh
Oïñl ;u orejka wu;d th /£ we;af;a ;=is; foõ
f,dúka meñKs r:fha nj;a ;uka ;=is; ÈjH f,dalfha l; mq[af[d( kï mska lr .;a ;eke;a;d h¡ Ôú; ld,h mqrd
hym;a phH_djka fya;= fldg f.k l=i,a /ia fõ¡ hul= mrf,dj
Wmokd nj;a mjid" Tn ud iuÕ WmÈkakg leu;s hkúg f.k hk tlu foa l=i,a yd wl=i,a fyhska l=i,a lr
kï ud l<dla fuka mska oyï lrkake˜hs wjjdo lf<a f.k we;fyd;a ta .ek is;d m%S;s úh yelsh¡ ;u u;= ckauh
h' wk;=rej fofk;a mshd .;a fyf;u ñh f.dia wksjdH_fhkau m%ikak jk nj Tyqqg is;d .; yels fõ¡ hym;a
;=is; foõ f,dj Wmkafka h' pq;s Ñ;a;hlska ñh .sh úg B<Õ ckauh ksh; jYfhka u hym;a
fjhs¡
NsCIQka jykafia kej; úydria:dkhg meñKs úg
—uyfKks" Oïñl msß;a iÊ®dhkhg ijka ÿkakd
±˜hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úuiQ y' —tfia h' iajdóks"
tfy;a iÊ®dhkh ueo § fyf;u zkj;skak"
kj;skakZ hs lshd ix{d lr wm kj;d ,Sh'

túg ¥ orejka je,fmkakg jQ fyhska wms iÊCOdhkh

kj;d wdmiq wdfjuq˜hs Tjqyq ms<sjoka ÿka y¡
—uyfKks" Oïñl l;d lf<a Tn iu. fkdfõ¡
foõ f,dj yfha foújre osjH r: yhla irid f.k
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 33
 mõ l< ;eke;a;d fuf,dj;a ;eù mrf,dj;a ÿla ú| fndfyda fia ;efjhs'

17¡ bO ;mam;s fmÉp ;mam;s fuf,dj;a -mrf,dj;a ;efjhs

mdmldß WNh;a: ;mam;s mjqlre fof,dj os u ;efjhs
mdmx fu l;xZ;s ;mam;s mjq lf<uehs is;d ;efjhs
NsfhHd ;mam;s ÿ.a.;sx .f;d ^1¡17& wmd.;j ;j;a ;efjhs

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<da;ska mdmh - isÿfjhs miqj ;dmh
1 ^12& foõo;a f;rekaf.a l;d mqj;la ^17 jk .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia iej;a kqjr fÊ;jk

úydrfhys jev jik fiala foajo;a; ia:úrhka
jykafia wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial¡
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^17 .d:dj&

mdmldrS bO ;mam;s fmÉp ;mam;s WNh;a: ;mam;s

fu mdmx l;x b;s ;mam;s ÿ.a.;sx .f;d NsfhHd
nqÿrcdKka jykafia iu. u fldiUE kqjr tlg ;mam;s
jdih l< iufhys Wka jykafiag ieoeyej;=ka f.a
jeä f.!rjdor yd mqo i;aldr ,efnk wdldrh ÿgq mdmldrS( mjq lrk ;eke;a;d¦ bO( fuf,dj oS¦
foõo;a f;rKqjka f.a is;a ;=, BIH_djla yg .;af;a ;mam;s( ;efjhs¦ fmÉp( mrf,dj;a¦ ;mam;s( ;efjhs¦
h¡ ;uka ix> kdhlFjh ,o fyd;a fï .re ie,ls,s WNh;a:( fof,dj u¦ ;mam;s( ;efjhs¦ fu( ud úiska¦
;uka fj; yrjd .; yels nj is;+ f;rKqfjda oskla mdmx( mdm l¾uhla¦ l;x b;s( lrk ,oehs¦ ;mam;s(
nqÿrÿka fõ¿jkdrdufhys oï foiñka isáh oS Wka ;efjhs¦ ÿ.a.;sx( ksrhg¦ .f;d( .sfha¦ NsfhHd(
jykafia lrd t<U —Tn jykafia oeka uy¨hs¡ ta jeäfhka¦ ;mam;s( ;efjhs¡
ksid ix>hd f.a md,kh ug mjrd ksjdvq .kak˜hs
wdrdOkh l< y¡ tfy;a foajo;a; ia:úrhka f.a mjq lrk ;eke;a;d fuf,dj;a ;efjhs¡ mrf,dj;a
ienE ;;= okakd fyhska thg tlÕ fkd jQ nqÿrcdKka ;efjhs¡ uu mdmhla lf<ñhs is;ñka ;efjhs¡ wmdhg
jykafia —foõo;a Tn tjeks moúhlg lsis fia;a u .sh miq jvd;a ;efjhs¡
iqÿiq ke;e˜hs mjiñka tu b,a,Su m%;sfCIam l<y¡
újrKh
tod mgka foõo;a nqÿrÿka flfrys ffjr ne| .;af;a
h¡ ;=ka j;djla u Wka jykafia >d;khg wid¾:l fuys oS ;eùu hkafkka jeros jev lrk mqoa.,hka ;=< we;sjk
miq ;eùu woyia fjhs¡ ;mam;s hk md,s jpkfhys oefjhs"
W;aidyhka oerS h¡ jrla ÿkqjdhka fhoeù h¡ wk;=rej ms<siafihs hk wre; ;sfí¡ jrola lrk wjia:dfhys yrs jeros
.scql=¿ mõj u; isg .,a fm/<S h¡ ;=kajk j;dfõ .ek l,amkd fkd l< o miqj ;u l%shdfjys nrm;, lu
kd,d.srs we;d fufyheù h¡ tfy;a fï ;=kajr u Tyq jegfyk úg" ;udg ;ud u fpdaokd lrk úg" we;sjk yeÕSu
f.a woyi bgq fkd ùh¡ ÿkqjdfhda nqÿka kikq fjkqjg ;udg u oeú,a,la jeks h¡ foõo;a ;u mjqlï fufkys fldg
oejqfKa ta wkqj h¡ iuyr lu_j, úmdl osÜGOïu jYfhka
Y%djlFjhg m;a jQ y¡ fm/¿ ., j<lkq msKsi
meñKSu o óg u we;=<;a h¡
.,la bosrsm;a úh¡ thska .e<jqKq l=vd m;=rla nqÿrÿka
f.a mfhys l=vd ;=jd,hla l< o nrm;, ydkshla mrf,dj ;efjkafka lu_ úmdl ú¢k úg h¡ wka; ÿlaÅ; ia:dk
fkd ù h¡ kd,d.srs we;d o nqÿrÿkag oukh úh¡ fï jQ ÿ.;s j, Wmka úg wfkal úO fõokd lï lfgd¿ j,g
ish,af,kqÿ ÿ¾uqL fkd jQ foajo;a; ix> fNaohla md;% jkakg isÿ fjhs¡ tfyhska ;u mjq ksid fufia ÿla ú¢;ehs
;efjkakg mjqlreg isÿ fjhs¡
lrkakg bgd .;af;a h¡ w¨; meúos jQ NsCIq msrsila
rjgd nqÿrÿkaa f.ka fjka lr f.k .hd YS¾Ihg .sh foõo;a f.a u;= wkd.;h .ek fndfyda wh m%Yak kÕ;s¡ f:rjdo
fyf;u m%;smCIhla f.dv kÕd .;af;a h¡ tfy;a wgqjdj, i|yka jkafka Tyq wkd.;fhys hï oskl wÜÁiair
tys .sh iershq;a uq.,ka foku úiska thska jeä msrsi kñka mfia nqÿ flfkl=ka ù ksjka olakd nj h¡ .sys j isáhd
wdmiq le|jd f.k tk ,os¡ kï foõo;a jekfik nj ÿgq fyhska Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq
meúos l< nj;a" fl;rï mjq l<;a meúos j úiQ fyhska wkd.;
wfmaCIdjla ;eìh yels ;;aFjhla we;s jQ nj;a lshd we;¡
wka;sfï foõo;a n,j;a f,i frda.d;=r úh¡ kjuila uydhdksl .%ka: j, i|yka jkafka Tyq nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a
u frda.fhka ÿla ú| ÿj_, jQ fyf;u Nd.Hj;=ka bjiSfï yd iudj oSfï .=Kh f,dalhdg m%lg lsrSug Wmldrhla
jykafia olskakg leue;a; m< lf<a h¡ tfy;a Tyq jQ nj h¡ wkd.;fha hï osfkl foõo;a foajrdc kñka nqÿ jk nj
f.a Y%djlfhda fufia lS y¡ — Tn fyd| iqjfhka miq o tys oelafjhs¡
fj;a oS nqÿrÿkag tfrysj l%shd lf<ys h¡ oeka wms Tn
Wkajykafia fj; /f.k fkd huq¡˜ tfy;a nqÿrÿka
olskakg rsis jQ foõo;a —ud úkdi fkd lrkak¡ ud
nqÿkag ffjr l< nj ienú¡ tfy;a Wka jykafia f.a
is;a ;=< ud flf¾ flia .il ;rï j;a ffjr ud;%hla
fkd ue;¡˜ hs m%ldY lf<a h¡ th ienú¡ nqÿrÿka f.a
is;a ;=< lsis o i;=rl=g ffjr ud;%hla fkd ù h¡
Tjqyq foõo;a /f.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia olskakg
meñKsh y¡ tfy;a wjdikdjg foõo;a ;uka /f.k
wd foda,dfjka niskakg ìug md ;n;a u fmdf<dfjys
.s,S .sfha h¡ Tyq fl<skau wùÑ uyd krldosfhys Wmka
nj lshefjhs¡
m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 35
 mskal< ;eke;a;d fuf,dj;a i;=gq j" mrf,dj iq.;shg meñK" fndfyda fia i;=gq fjhs'

18¡ bO kkao;s fmÉp kkao;s fuf,dj;a ;=gqfjhs-tf,dj;a ;=gq fjhs

l;mq[af[d WNh;a: kkao;s fof,dj u ;=gq fjhs-l< mska we;s wh
mq[a[x fu l;x ;s kkao;s isys fldg ;=gq fjhs-mskla lf<ñ hhs
NsfhHd kkao;s iq.a.;sx .f;d ^1¡18& jeäh;a ;=gq fjhs-bmoS foõ f,dj

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l< l< msk - mskjhs uk
1 ^13& iqukd foaúh f.a l;dj ^18 jk .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik fiala wfkams~q
isgdKka f.a nd, u oshKsh jQ iqukd foaúh wern fï
Tfí nd, oshKsh fovjQfha@˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
úuiQ y¡ —iajdóks" ud wehg oshKshks hs weu;+
úg ´ ug znd, u,KqfjksZ hs l;d l<d¡˜ hs mejiQ
.d:dj jod< fial¡ isgqf;u ;uka yd oshKsh w;r jQ ixjdoh uq¿ukska
u nqÿrÿkag ie,lr isáfha h¡ —isgqjrh" Tfí oshKsh
ieje;a kqjr wkd:msKaäl isgqjrhdKka f.a ksjfiys ñh .sfha isys úl,aj fkd fõ¡ weh isys úl,af,ka
oskm;d mkaishhla kulg oka msrskefuhs¡ úidLd fovejQfha ke;¡˜ —tfia kï weh ug u,Kqfjks
Wmdisldj f.a ksjfiys o mkaishhla kulg oka hs weu;=fõ ljr fyhska o iajdóks@˜ —we;a;g u
msrskefuhs¡ wfkams~q isgq;=ud úiska fï ffoksl uyd isgq;=uks" Tn weh f.a u,Kq flfkls¡ Tn ,nd
odkuh mqKH lu_fhys ldhH_ ixúOdkh ish jeäuy,a we;af;a fidajdka M,h muKs¡ iqukd foaú ilDod.dój
oshKsh jQ uyd iqNødjkg mjrd ;sìK¡ weh újdy isáhd h¡˜ —th o iajdóks fya;=j@˜ —tfia h isgqjrh"
ù iajdñhd f.a ksjfiys jdihg .sh miq ta lghq;= weh Tng nd, fidfydhqrdhehs weu;=fõ ta ksid h¡˜
pQ, iqNødjkg mjrK ,os¡ ´ o miq lf,l újdy j
iajdñhd f.a ksjfiys jdihg .shd h¡ ta fofokd u wk;=rej ;u oshKsh f.a kj ckauh .ek oek
újdy jk úg fidajdka j isáh y¡ .kakg isgq;=udg wjYH úh¡ —iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka
jykai uf.a oshKsh urKska miq Wmkafka fldys
jeäuy,a oshKshka újdy ù .sh miq fï ldhH_Ndrh o@˜ —Tfí oshKsh oeka ;=is; foõf,dj bmso isákakS
nd, u oshKsh jQ iqukd foaúhg mejrsKs¡ ´ o nK h¡˜ —iajdóks uf.a ÿj ukqf,dj isáh oS ldf.a;a is;a
wid fidajdka jQjd h¡ újdyh m%sh fkd jQ ´ wújdylj .ksñka m%ikak mej;=ï we;sj uy;a m%S;sfhka isáhd h¡
u ixf>damia:dk lghq;= lrñka mshdKka f.a ksjfiys oeka ´ ñh .sh miq mrf,dj o uy;a fidïkiska isák
u jdih l<d h¡ mskalï ixúOdkfhys u ksr;j úiQ nj oek .;sñ¡˜ hs isgq;=ud Woï jQ úg nqÿrcdKka
fyhska ´ b;d i;=áka ish,a,ka yd m%sh jdoS j m%S;sfhka jykafia —isgq;=uks" th ienEjla u he˜ hs jodrd fï
yd ieye,a¨ is;ska l,a.; l<d h¡ .d:dj o jod< fial¡

fï w;r;=r iqukd foaù yosiaisfha u nrm;, f,i újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^18 .d:dj&
.s,ka jQjd h¡ weh iqj jk njla fkd fmksK¡ tla
oskla yosisfha u ´ mshdKka ;uka fj; le|jqjd l;mq[af[d bO kkao;s fmÉp kkao;s WNh;a:
h¡ wkd: msKaäl isgq;=ud o oshKsh nrm;, fia kkao;s fï mq[a[x l;x b;s kkao;s iq.a.;sx
frda.d;=r fyhska jyd weh fj; osj wjq;a —wehs .f;d NsfhHd kkao;s
oshKsfhks" ud yosisfha u le|jQfha@˜ hs m%Yak lf<a
h¡ —u,Kqfjks" Tn l=ula o úuiqfha@˜ hs iqukd foaú l;mq[af[d( mska oyï l< ;eke;a;d¦ bO(
m%Yak l<d h¡ ;ukag ;u oshKsh zu,KqfjksZ hs fuf,dj§¦ kkao;s( i;=gq fjhs¦ fmÉp( mrf,dj oS¦
weu;Su .ek úu;shg m;a isgq f;u —oshKsfhks" Tfí kkao;s( i;=gq fjhs¦ WNh;a:( fof,dj u¦ kkao;s(
l;dj wuq;= h¡ Tn f.a isysh wjq,a jQ njla fmfka¡˜ hs i;=gq fjhs¦ fu( uúiska¦ mq[a[x l;x( mskla lrkd
mejiS h¡ —ke; nd, fidfydhqrdKks" uu isys we;sj ,oehs¦ b;s( fufia¦ kkao;s( i;=gq fjhs¦ iq.a.;sx(
l;d lrñhs iqukd foaú ms<s;=re ÿkakd h¡ — oshKsfhks" foõf,dj¦ .f;d(.sfha¦ NsfhHd( jeäh;a¦ kkao;s(
Tng nhla oefkkjd o@˜ hs isgq;=ud h<s úuiQ úg i;=gq fjhs'
—ke; u,Kqjks" ug nhla fkd oefka˜ hs mjid
ioygu fofk;a mshd .;a;d h¡ mqKH l¾u lr we;s ;eke;a;d ta fya;=fjka fï
ckaufha oS fuka u u;= ckaufhaoS o m%S;shg m;a fjhs¡
fidajdka M,hg m;a j isáhd jqj o isgq;=ud g bka we;s fyf;u fof,dj u i;=gq fjhs¡ l< mskalu .ek
jQ fYdalh ú| ord .; fkd yels ;rï úh¡ wjux., is;ñka zuu mskalula lf<ñZ hs is;ñka m%S;s fjhs¡
pdrs;% ksu jQ jyd u ye~Q l÷f,ka nqÿrÿka olskakg iq.;sfhys Wmka úg jvd;a u ikaf;daIhg m;a fjhs¡
.sh fyf;u —iajdóks" uf.a oshKsh iqukd foaú
ñh.shd˜hs je,fmkakg mgka .;af;a h¡ Tyq wiajiñka újrKh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —isgq;=uks" urKh ish,a,kag u
Wreu nj Tn fkd okafkaoe˜hs úuiQ y¡ tfy;a ug ;=is; foõ f,dj kï i;=g wêm;s ,CIKh lr.;a foõ f,dj
hs' idudkHfhka miaÑu Núl fndai;ajreka WmÈkafka o ;=is;
ú| ord .; fkd yelafla fu ;rï kqjKe;sj ixjrj foõf,dj h' l=Y, l¾u lrk wh ukqf,dj § i;=áka isák nj
isá uf.a oshKsh wjika fudfydf;a Wu;=fjka fodvjd ienE jqj o jvd;a u i;=gq jkafka foõ iem ú¢k úg nj fuys
ñh hdu h˜ hs fyf;u ie, lr isáfha h¡ —fudkjd o" zNsfhHd kkao;sZ hkafkka lsheúKs'

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 37

 f;j<d oyï oek Wf.K" lshñka ta fkdms<smeoSu Y%uK .=Kfha m, ysñ fkd ùug fya;= fjhs'

19¡ nyqïms fp iys;x Ndiudfkd foiqj;a nK jeä jeäfhka

k ;lalfrd fyd;s kfrd mu;af;d fkd ms<smos;s-m%udofhka
f.dfmdZj .dfjd .Khx mfrix n,kd wkai;= .jhka
k Nd.jd idu[a[iai fyd;s ^1(19& fkd ,n;s M, f,i f.dm¿ka

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 oyfuys m%;sM, ,nkak - uekúka th ms<smoskak
1 ^14& ñ;=re fokul f.a mqj;la ^19-20 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia iej;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jiñka ñ;=re oñka
fj<S isá NsCIq fokula wern fï .d:d fol foaYkd
ñ;% ysñ ku ljod fyda jkfha isg k.rhg meñKs
oskl fï ;rï isiqka msrsila msrsjrd f.k b.ekajQfha
l=ulaoehs wikakg ;SrKh lr .;af;a h¡ Wka jykafia
l< fial¡ f.ka Ou_ m%Yak úuikafkñhs is;d .;af;a h¡

ieje;a kqjr m%N+ mjq,a foll ;reKfhda fofofkla ál l,lg miq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia olskakg meñKs
oeä ñ;%Fjfhka fj<S isáh y¡ jrla ta fofok jeäysá ry;ka jykafia" nqÿrcdKka jykafiag iy
úydria:dkhg f.dia nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a Ou_ uyd Y%djlhka jykafia,dg yr ir olajd wk;=rej
foaYkdjla wid oyfuys meyeoS lïiqj w;ayer meúos ish ñ;% .%J: OQrS ysñ ku olskakg o .sfha h¡ Wka
ìug m;a jQ y¡ jir myla muK wdpdhH_ WmdOHdhhka jykafia o jkjdiS ry;ka jykafiag f.!rjdpdr
hgf;a uQ,sl YsCIKh ,en .%J:Oqrh yd úo¾Ykd olajñka md isjqre ms<sf.k —wo uu uqka jykafia f.ka
Oqrh ms<sn|j wikakg ,eî nqÿrcdKka jykafia fyd| m%Yak álla úuiñ˜ hs is;ñka ix.%y lf<a h¡
fj;ska ta ms<sn| ish¨ úia;r wid oek.;a y¡
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï NsCIqj umq;Kqjka f.ka m%Yak
ta fokuf.ka jeäuy¨ ysñ ku —uu jeä uy¨j wid ysrsyer lr wl=i,a lr .; fyd;a th Tyqg u
meúos jQ fyhska .%J: Oqrfhys lghq;= lr.kakg w,dN msKsi mj;S hehs is;d Tjqka foku jev isá
wiu;a ñ¡ tfy;a ug úo¾Ykd Oqrfhys lghq;= lr ;ekg jevu l< fial¡ tfia jev isá Nd.Hj;=ka
.; yels h¡˜hs mjid ry;a M,h ,nk ;=re wod< jk jykafia .%J:Oqrh msrE NsCIQka jykafia f.ka m%:u
lu_ia:dk ,nd .;af;a h¡ wfkla ku —uu .%J: Oqrh OHdkh ms<sn| j m%Yakhla úuiQ y¡ tu NsCIqj Bg
mqrkakg iu¾:fhñ˜hs k.rfhys u kej;S O¾u úkh ksjeros ms<s;=r ÿkafka h¡ wk;=rej oaú;Sh OHdkh .ek
yodrkakg wêIaGdk lr .;af;a h¡ l¾udia:dk ,nd úuiQ y¡ Bg o ksjeros ms<s;=r ,eìK¡
.;a ysñ ku jk.; j njqka jvd ry;a M,h ,nd
.;a w;r .%J: Oqrh f;dard .;a ysñ ku ukdj Ou_ wIag iudm;a;Ska yd rEm f,dal yd n%yau f,dal
úkh m%.=K lr f.k ;ekska ;ek ixpdrh lrñka .ek o úuiQ ish¿ m%Yak j,g id¾:l f,i ksjeros
b.ekaùfï lghq;= lf<a h¡ Wka jykafia f.ka Ou_ ms<s;=re oSug NsCIq ku iu;a úh¡ wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka
úkh yod< NsCIq msßi mkaishhla muK jQ w;r Wka jykafia fida;dm;a;s M,h ms<sn|j m%Yakhla keÕ+ y¡
jykafia NsCIQka wgf<diailf.a WmdOHdhjrhd o jQy' .%J: Oqrh mqrk ysñ ku Bg ms<s;=re oSfuys wiu;a
úh¡
fï w;r ;=r Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka lugyka ,nd
.;a mkaish kula NsCIQyq úo¾Ykd Oqrh jvk ysñ újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^19 .d:dj&
ku úiQ wdrKHhg f.dia Wka jykafia f.a wjjdo o
,nñka Ndjkd lr ry;a M,h ,enQ y¡ wk;=rej Wka mu;af;d kfrd iys;x nyqx Ndiudfkd wms fp
jykafiag je| kuialdr l< ta mkaish ku ;uka ;lalfrd k fyd;s mfrix .dfjd .Khx f.dfmd
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia olakg hd hq;= nj mjid isáh y¡ bj idu[a[iai Nd.jd k fyd;s
—hym;s¡ tfia kï hkak¡ f.dia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
yd wiQ uyd Y%djlhka jykafia,dg ud fjkqfjka mu;af;d( m%udo kfrd( mqoa.,hd iys;x( Ou_h nyqx(
isyslr kuialdr lrkak¡ tfia u uf.a ifydaor kug jeäfhka Ndiudfkd( foaYkd lrkafka wms( jqj o
o —wfma .=re ysñhka Tn isysm;a l<d˜hs o mjikak˜ fp( kuq;a ;lalfrd( th ms<smoskafkla k fyda;s(
hs mjid iuq ÿka y¡ fkd jkafka mfrix( wkqka f.a .dfjd( .jhka
.Khx( n,d .kakd f.dfmd( .j md,lfhla bj(
ta ysñjre tfia u nqÿrÿka yd uyd Y%djlhka jykafia fuka idu[a[iai( meúos Ôú;fha M,hg Nd.jd(
je| ;u wdpdhH_hka jykafia f.a ñ;=re ysñ ku o ysñlrefjla k fyd;s( fkd jkafka h¡
neye oel —wm f.a wdpdhH_hka jykafia Tn jykafia
isysm;a l<d˜hs mejiQ y¡ —ta ljqo@˜hs Wka jykafia nqÿ nK jeä jeäfhka foaYkd lrk kuq;a th
m%Yak l<y¡ —ta Tn jykafia f.a tlg meúos jQ ñ;% l%shd;aul fkd lrk m%udoS mqoa.,fhda wkqka f.a
iajdóka jykafiahs'˜ .jhka n,d .kakd .j md,lfhla fuka Y%uK
Ôú;fha M,h ,nd fkd .kshs¡
—thd f.ka Tn fudkjd o bf.k .;af;a@ thd bf.k
.;a; O¾u úkhla keye fka¡ mdxiql+, isjqrla wrf.k
le,E jeÿKd ñila fudkj o bf.k .;af;a @˜ ;u

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 39

 u| jYfhka jQj;a f;j<doyï oek Wf.k ms<smeoSu Y%uK .=Kfha m,h ysñùug fya;= fjhs'

20¡ wmamï ms fp iys;x Ndiudfkd b;d álla nK foiqj;a

Oïuiai fyd;s wkqOïupdß oyu wkqj ms<smeoafod;a
rd.[ap fodi[ap mydh fudyx rd.-fodai-fuday ÿ/r
iïumamcdfkd iqúuq;a;Ñ;af;d ñÿKq is;ska fyd| kqjkska
wkqmdoshdfkd bO jd yqrx jd fkdne£ tf,dj;a fuf,dj;a
i Nd.jd idu[a[iai fyd;s ^1(20& meúos osúh m,h ,n;a

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jvd njqka - ,nuq ksjka
1 ^14& ñ;=re fokul f.a j;la ^19-20 .d:d& b;srs fldgi

t u m%Yakh úo¾Ykd Oqrh msrE ry;ka jykafiag

fhduq lrkq ,eìK¡ Wka jykafia Bg ksjerosj
ms<s;=re ÿkay¡ idOq idOq hs th wkqu; l< Nd.Hj;=ka
Oïuiai( Ou_fhys¦ wkqOïupdrS fyd;s( O¾udkql+,j
Ôj;a fjhs ^kï&¦ rd.x p( rd.h o¦ fodix p(
oafõIh o¦ fudyx p( fudayh o¦ mydh( ÿrelr¦
jykafia wjfYaI ud._-M, ms<sn| j o Wka jykafia fid( fyf;u¦ iïumamcdfkd( ksjeros m%{dj we;s
f.ka u úuiQ y¡ ta yeufllg ksjeros ms<s;=re ,enqKq j¦ iqúuq;a;Ñ;af;d( ÿn, yeÕSï j,ska ukdj ñoS¦
w;r ta ;=ka jdrfha u o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia idOqldr bO jd( fuf,djg j;a¦ yqrx jd( mrf,djg j;a¦
ÿka y¡ ta weiQ osjH n%yaudoSyq o idOqldr ÿka y¡ wkqmdoshdfkd( ne£ula ke;sj¦ idu[a[iai( Y%uK
Ôú;fha M,hg¦ Nd.jd( ysñlrefjla¦ fyd;s( fjhs¡
nqÿrÿka ÿka idOqldrfhka .%J: Oqrh mqrk ysñhka
f.a isiq ysñjre iy .sys odhlfhda fkd myka jQ y¡ nqoaO jpkh foaYkd lrkafkda iaj,am jYfhka jqj
—wehs nqÿrÿka fufia lrkafka@ uy¿ NsCIqj ms<s;=re o Ou_hg wkqj ;u Ôú;h .; lrk rd.h" oafjIh
ÿka y;r j;dfõ u Wka jykafia idOqldr ÿkak;a" yd fudayh ÿrelr flf<iqka f.ka is; uqod f.k
oyu osj. f,,ejQ wfma Ou_Or úkh Or mKaä; fuf,djg fyda mrf,djg fkd ne£ jikafka kï
yduqÿrejka ms<s;=re ÿka úg tfia lf<a keye¡ th fyf;u meúos Ôú;fha m%fhdackh ú| .kshs¡
widOdrKhs˜ Tjqyq tlsflkd fld÷rkakg jQ y¡
újrKh
—uyfKks" Tn fudkjd o lshkafka˜ hs nqÿyq m%Yak
l< y¡ Tjqyq ;u úu;sh Wka jykafiag lshd mE y¡ iys;x( hkafkka woyia jkafka wd.ñl idys;Hhhs¡ fuys oS
úfYaIfhka u fn!oaO idys;Hh fyj;a nqoaO jpkh iQ;% yd úkh
—uyfKks" Tfí ckm%sh NsCIqj uf.a iiqfka l=,shg jYfhka oaúúO h¡ j;_udkfhys th ;%smsglh f,i ixúOdkh lr
yrla n,kjd jekshs¡ tfy;a umq;= uy ry;a ku mia /l .kq ,efí¡
f.da rih u ;uka i;= lr .;a .j ysñfhl= jf.hs˜
hkqfjka we;s ;;= meyeos,s lr jod< y¡ Ndiudfkd( hkafkka O¾uh foaYkd lsrSu woyia fjhs¡ we;uqka
O¾u foaYkhg ymka jqj o ks;r ks;r úÑ;% f,i O¾u újrK
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^20 .d:dj& bosrsm;a l< o tu.ska Ôú;h wdf,dalj;a lr fkd .ks;s¡ O¾uh
ms<smeoSfuka f;drj O¾u foaYkd lrk NsCIqj" NsCIq Ôú;fhys
kshu wdiajdoh fkd ,nk nj fuys lshefjhs¡ wkqka f.a .jhka
iys;x wmamx wms Ndiudfkd fp Oïuiai l=,shg n,kakyqg miaf.darih N=la;s ú¢kakg fkd ,efí¡ Tyq
wkqOïupdrS fyd;s rd.x p fodix p fudyx p mydh ,nkafka iq¿ jegqmla muKs¡
fid iïumamcdfkd iqúuq;a;Ñ;af;d bO jd yqrx jd
wkqmdoshdfkd idu[a[iai Nd.jd fyd;s iqúuq;a; Ñ;af;d( hkafkka ;DIaKd-Wmdodkhka f.ka yd wmsrsisÿ
yeÕSï j,ska ñÿKq is; woyia fjhs¡ úuqla;sh ,nd .; yelafla
tn÷ yeÕSï ÿre lsrSfuks¡ tfia wry;a M,h ,nd .;a W;=fuda
iys;x( nqoaO jpkh¦ wmamx( iaj,amhla o¦ wms( fuf,djg fyda mrf,djg fyda fkd nef|;s¡ zwkqmdoshdfkdZ hs
jqj;a¦ Ndiudfkd( foaYkd lrñka¦ fp( boska¦ i|yka lf<a tfyhsks¡

m<uqjk mrsÉfþoh ( hul j.. 41

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2

is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 u NdKv
a d.dr
O¾ h
fojk mßÉfþoh

wmmudo j.a.

.re fõrf.dv idro kdysñmdKka jykafia

isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix>kdhl
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î . O¾uodi ue;s;=udg
ksjka iqj msKsi
mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks .
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
î¡ mqIamdkS Ou_,;d
î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 fkd mud nj ksjKg uÕh' mud nj urKhg uÕh' fkd mudjQfjda fkdñfh;s mudjQfjda u<jqka jeks fj;s'

21' wmamudfod wu;mox ksjkg uÕ fkd mudjhs

mudfod uÉpqfkd mox mudj urKhg uÕhs
wmamu;a;d k óhka;s fkd mud jQfjda fkd ñfh;s
fh mu;a;d h:d u;d' ^2(1& mud jqfjd;a u<jqka fj;s¡

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ,nd .ekqu ksjka iqfõ - f,fyis myiq fohla fkd fõ¡
2 ^1& idudj;sh f.a l;d mqj; ^21" 22" 23 .d:d&

fld iUE kqjr f>dais;drdufhys jev jik fiala

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tkqjr rc l< WfoakS
rc;=ud f.a w. fufyishl jQ idudj;sh ms<sn| j fï
fï n;a ish,a,u Tn u wkqNj lr mK /l .kake˜hs
ish,a,u Tyqg u wkqNj lr jQjdh' tfy;a l=i.skafka
isg tlajr uy;a m%udKhla wkqNj lf<ka osrjd.;
.d:d;%h foaYkd lr jod< y¡ fkd yelsj fyf;u rd;%sfhys l`Mßh lf<a h'
ixfõ.hg m;aj Tyq f.a wjika lghq;= l< Tjqyq
Nødj;S kï k.rhl Nødj;sh kï isgqjrfhla úiS h¡ miq osk o wyr msKsi oshKsh hejQ y' tosk fldgia
fyf;u f>daIl isgdKka f.a ñ;%fhla jQfha h¡ tfy;a lShla wjYH oehs weiQ úg ´ folla b,a,d .;a;d h'
Tjqka tlsfkld oek fkd ;sìKs¡ Nødj;S k.rfha isg tosk uj weu;+ oshKsh" —uEKsfhks" mshdKkq;a ñh
tk fj<÷ka w;ska Nødj;sh isgdKka f.a Ok iïm;a .sh fyhska Tn /l=fKd;a uu /flñ' tfyhska fï
.ek weiQ f>daIl isgdfKda Tyq iu. ñ;%Fjhla we;s fldgia fol u wkqNj lr Tn /flkake˜hs lSjd h'
lr .kakg is;d ;E.s fnda. heù h¡ tu.ska fyf;u ´ f;dfuda o fldgia folu wkqNj lr osrjd .; fkd
woDIag ñ;%Fjhla we;s lr .;af;a h¡ yS rd;%sfhys ñh .shd h'

l,lg miq Nødj;sh isgdKka f.a ksjfiys tla miq osk okaif,a oS oshKsh tla lEu fldgila muKla
Nhdkl frda.hla we;s úh¡ fuu frda.fhka uq,ska u b,aÆ úg okai, md,lhd —wo o ;S ;uka f.a nfâ
ñh hkafkda ueiafida h¡ bka miq l%ufhka lDñ i;a;=" ;ru oek .;af;a@˜ hs neK jeÿKd h' uy;a ,Êcdjg
ófhda" l=l=f<da" .jfhda jeks i;a;= ñh h;s¡ wjik m;a isgq oshKsh —ud uq,a oskfha fldgia ;=kla f.k
ksjfia yeu fok o ñh h;s¡ ì;a;shla lvd f.k m,d .sfha lEug wm ;sfofkla isá ksid h' Bfha wms
hkafkda muKla Ôj;a fj;s¡ Nødj;sh isgq;=ud" foaúh fofofkla njg m;a jQuq' wo b;sßj isákafka ud
yd oshKsh fufia osú .<jd .kq msKsi ì;a;shla ì| muKh˜ hs mejiqjd h' ta ljr fyhska oehs úuid
bka kslau f>daIl isgdKka f.a ms<sirK ,nkq msKsi okai,a md,lhd ish¨ ;dj wid oek .;af;a h' Tyq
tys hdug msg;a jQ y¡ f.a oEig l`ÿ`M keÕsKs' —ÿla fkd jkak oshKsh" wo
mgka Tn uf.a oshKsh jkak˜ hs ish ksjig weh
.uk ksu lrkakg fmr u Tjqka uÕ oS lEug îug le`ojd .;a fyf;u uy;a fifkyiska weh jevqjd h'
f.kd ish,a, ksu ù wõfjka yd iq<Õska mSä;j
l=i.skafkka fj<S ÿlg m;a jQ y¡ wmyiqfjka fldiUE újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^21 .d:dj&
kqjrg meñks Tjqyq tla fmdl=Klska osh kd ieriS /h
.; lsrSu msKsi kqjr fodrgqj wi, ,e.=ï y,lg wmamudfod wu;mox mudfod uÉpqfkd mox
.sh y¡ wmamu;a;d k óhka;s fh mu;a;d h:d u;d'

miqosk ÿn,j jeyerS pdï we÷ñka ieriS isá isgq;=ud wmamudfod( m%udo fkd ùu¦ wu;mox( ksjka ,eîfï
;uka m;aj isá ;;ajh .ek fufkys fldg foaúh uÕhs¦ mudfod( m%udoh¦ uÉpqfkd mox( urKhg
wu;d" —foaúh" fuf,i wm ñ;=re neye olskakg uÕhs¦ wmamu;a;d( wm%udojQfjda¦ k óhka;s( fkd
hd yels o@ wms fufia ÿn,j jeyerS isákjd ÿgqj uefr;s¦ fh mu;a;d( hfula m%udo jQ yqo¦ h:d u;d(
fyd;a je¥ ujg jqj m%sh ukdm ke;¡ wfma ñ;%hd f.a u< .shjqka jeksh'
okaie,la we;¡ tys ÿ.S ÿmam;a wirKhkag oskm;d
wdydr mdk fokq ,efí¡ m%udo fkd ù ksr;=re wjoslñka isàu ksjka ,eîfï
uÕ fjhs' m%udo ùu urKhg fyj;a iirg fya;= hs'
ÿj tys hjd lEu f.kajd f.k wkqNj lr kSfrdA.S ù wm%udo jQfjda fkd ñfh;a' m%udo jQ wh Ôj;a jQj;a
huq˜ hs fhdackd lf<a h¡ foaúh o th wkqu; lf<ka u<jqka fuks'
Tjqyq ,e.=ï yf,a u kej;S oshKsh oka ie,g hejQ y¡
oyj,a jk úg Tjqyq n÷kla oS oshKsh oka ie,g hejQ
y¡ iem iïm;a ueo wNsudkj;a f,i yeÿKq jevqKq
kuq;a ksy;udkSj ÿ.S ÿmam;a hdplhka .ejfik
okaie,g .sh ´ n÷k os.= l<d h¡

—fldgia lShla kqUg wjYH o˜hs okai, Ndrlre m%Yak

l< úg z;=klaZ hs mejiQ wehg fldgia ;=kla ,eìK¡
tajd kjd;ekg f.kZjq;a wkqNjhg ieriqKq úg isgq
foaúh isgq jrhd wu;d —wfma osú /flkafka Tfnka h'
Tn /l=fKd;a ñi wm /lS ljr m,la o@ tfyhska
fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 7
 kqjKe;sfhda fkdmudfjys .=K oek" tys fhoS" if;dia j wd¾hhkaf.a f.dÿfrys wef,;s'

22' t;x úfiif;d [;ajd wm%udofh w.h fjfiisk

wmamudoïys mKaä;d oek ye`osk f,dj kqjK we;s ok
wmamudfo mfudoka;s m%fudaoh ,en wm%udfoka
wßhdkx f.dpfr r;d ^2(2& wef,;s mshfhys ksfjk ry;=ka

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ,nd .ekau ksjka iqfõ - f,fyis myiq fohla fkdfõ
2 ^1& idudj;sh f.a l:dj ^21" 22" 23 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

oskla okaif,a wdydr f.k hkakg meñfKk ÿ.shka ms<s;=re fok ,oS' ta weiQ rc f;u isgq;=udg okajd
f.a lE flda .ik y~ weiQ idudj;S —mshdfKks" idudj;sh w. fufyiqka ;k;=f¾ ;nd .;af;a h' weh
fï ñksiqka l, flda,dy< lr .ekSu kj;d ,kafka f.a msßjr l;=ka 500 o rcjdi,g f.kajd .kakd ,oS'
ke;af;a ukaoe˜ hs úuiqjd h' —oshKsfhks" th
kj;a;kakg wmyiq h' ta Tjqka f.a iajNdjhh˜hs fya fï w;r;=r ;j;a ldka;djla o rc;=ud f.a w.
mejiS h' —th ms<sjka mshdKks'˜ —flfia o oshKshks fufyiqka ;k;=rg m;a jQjd h' weh f.a ku ud.kaos
th lrkafka@˜ —oka i, jgd jegla bos lrkak' tla h' weh f.a foudmshka weh nqÿrÿkag mdjd fokakg
whl=g muKla tlajr tkakg;a" tla mfilska we;=¿ jEhï l< wjia:dfjys nqÿrÿka lS jokla ms<sn`oj
ù wfkla me;af;ka msg jkakg;a yels jk mßos th wukdmh weh is;a ;=< uq,a nei ;sìK' idudj;S
ilia lrkak'˜ —b;d uekú oshKshks'˜ hs mjid okai, nqÿrÿka f.a Nla;su;a Y%dúldjla jQjd h' tfyhska
md,l f;u tfia lf<ah' t;eka mgka okaif,ys nqÿrÿka f.ka m,s.kakg is;ñka isá ud.kaoshd f.a
l,n, yd f>daId ke;sj ish,a, iduldó jQfha h' ffjrh idudj;sh yd msßig o fhduq úh'

f>daIl isgdfKda okaif,ys Yío j,g fyd`og yqre újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^22 .d:dj&
mqreÿj isá fyhska ksYaYío;dj .ek úiauhg m;a
úh' tfyhska fya ñ;% kï jQ okaie,a md,l ;ek t;x úfiif;d [;ajd wmamudox ys mKaä;d
le`ojd —oeka wirKhkag oka oSu kj;aj,doe˜ hs úuiS wmamudfo mfudoka;s wßhdkx f.dpfr r;d
h' —ke;' ;ju;a oskm;d odkh fokq ,efí'˜ —tfia
kï osk lSmhl isg lsis Yíohla ke;af;a ljr fyhska t;x( fuh¦ úfiif;d( úfYaI jYfhka¦ [;ajd(
o@˜ —Tjqkag ms<sfj<g meñk lrorhla ke;sj wdydr oek¦ wmamudox ys( wm%udo ùfuys ksr;j¦ mKaä;d(
.kakg ms<sfj<la fhÿfjñ˜ —Tn wehs l,ska tfia fkd kqjKe;af;da¦ wmamudfo( wm%udofhys¦ mfudoka;s(
lf<a@ZZ —l,ska uu ta .ek oek f.k fkd isáfhñ˜ m%uqos; fj;s¦ wßhdkx( ry;ka jykafia,d f.a¦
—l,ska fkd oek isá fohla oeka oek .;af;a flfia f.dpfr( .e,fmk yeisÍï ys¦ r;d( wef,;s'
o@˜ —uf.a oshKsh ug lshd ÿkakd h˜ —ud fkdo;a
oshKshla Tng fldyska o@˜ fï wjia:dfõ os idudj;s wm%udofhys w.h úfYaI jYfhka m%;HË lr f.k
isgq oshKsh ;u oshKsh njg m;a jQ ish¨ l;d mqj; tys ksr; jk kqjKe;af;da wm%udofhys m%uqos; fj;s'
lshkakg ñ;%g isÿ úh' ry;ka jykafia,dg .e,fmk phH_d rgdjla wkqj
yeisfr;s'
ta weiQ isgq;=ud n,j;a lïmdjg m;aj —wehs Tn fï
nj ug l,ska fkd lSfõ@ fï idudj;s uf.a ñ;=rd f.a
oshKshhs˜ fufia lshd fyf;u idudj;S f.kaù h' —Tn
wiqj,a isgq;=ud f.a oshKsh hehs lshkafka ienEoe˜hs
úuiQ Tyqg —tfiah˜ hk ms<s;=r ,eìKs'

—tfia kï ÿla fkd jkak' Tfí mshd uf.a ñ;%hd h'

oeka Tn uf.a u oshKshhs˜ hs mjid ysi isU weh
ms<s.;a fyf;u mkaishhla msßjr <`ÿka o oS weh ;uka
f.a oshKsh f,i t;eka mgka yod .;af;a h'

oskla k.rfha W;aijhla m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,oS'

fuu W;aijhg idudkHfhka ksjiska msg fkd hk
m%N+ mjq,a j, ÈhKshka ;u ;uka f.a mßjdr ,`ÿka
iu. .Õg f.dia iakdkh lsÍu o we;=<;a h' ta wkqj
tosk idudj;S o mssßjr ,`ÿka 500 o iu. rc jdi,
bosßfhka fhoS we;s udj;ska .Õg .shd h'

iS ueÿre lõ¨fjka uÕ foi n,d isá WfoakS rc f;u

tu ,÷ka 500 ±l —fï fl<s fof,ka hk ,`ÿka
ld f.a o@˜ hs úuid isáfha h' —Noaoj;sh isgdKka f.a
idudj;S kï oshKsh f.a msßjr ,÷kah˜ hs rc;=udg

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 9

 Ndjkd lrk" ks;r oeä fj/;s kqjKe;sfhda ksjka mila lr;s'

23' f; COdhsfkd id;;sld os.ska os.g njqka jvk

ksÉpx o<aymrlalud ks;r oeäj úßh ork
Mqika;s ërd ksíndKx kqjKe;s ok ,n;s ksjk
fhd.lafÄux wkq;a;rx ^2(3& W;=ï u ;ek - ìh ke;s jk

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ,nd .ekau ksjka iqfõ - is;k ;rï myiq fkd fõ
2 ^1& idudj;sh f.a l;dj ^21" 22" 23 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

j rla Tjqka nqÿka olskakg ì;a;sfha l=vd ljq¨ we;s

lrf.k isákq ÿgq ud.kaoshd rc;=udg fndre
fla,dï lshd jeros wjfndaOhla fokakg jEhï l<d
újrKh

wmamudo( hk jpkh nqoaO foaYkdfõ ksr;=rej yuqjkakls'

wjidk nqoaO jpkfhys mjd th yuqfjhs' wmamudo hkafkys fyd`o
h' tfy;a th ksr¾:l jQfhka ;j;a ffjr ne`o.;a
isys kqjKska l%shd lsÍu hk w¾:h .eí fjhs' ksr;=rej u wjos
´ idudj;S rc;=ud urkakg l=uka;%Kh lr;ehs o lñka hq;=j fkd uÕ fkd hd ish`M ldhH_hka kqjKska hq;=j lrk
fla,dï lSjd h' jrla WK nïnqjla ;=< im_hl= nyd udkisl ;;aFjh ñka woyia fjhs' fuh fyd`oskau wfrdamK l<
ys,a jid u,a j, iÕjd rc;=ud iómfhys ;enqjd h' yelafla ry;ka jykafia kul fj; h' idudkH mD:.ackhka
kd.hd fmKh úoyñka t<shg wd úg rc;=ud n,j;a w;r úúO u;aùï-m%udo ùï we;'
f,i fldam ù idudj;S we;=¨ msßi fm<g ys`ÿjd úi wu;( fn!oaO phH_dfjys wjidk ksIagdj jQ ksj_dKh fuhska woyia
fmjQ B;, j,ska úoskakg wK lf<a h' fjhs' ksj_dKh urKfhka f;dr nj wu; hkafkka yeÕfjhs'
th Y=kHFjhla fkd fõ' ksj_dKh f,daflda;a;r ;;aFjhla fyhska
tfy;a idudj;S we;=`M msßi fu;a jevQ fyhska f,!lsl mo jHjydr j,ska th úia;r l< fkd yel' tfy;a th
B;, j,ska Tjqkag ydkshla fkd ùh' idudj;S f.a ks;H" Ydka; iqLhla nj m%ldY l< yel'
wysxilFjh f;areï .;a rc wehg nqÿrÿka ud,s.hg k óhka;s( fyj;a fkd uefr;s hkafkka woyia jkafka wurKSh
le`ojd nK wikakg;a oka fokakg;a wjir ÿkafka h' jk njla fkd fõ' lsisu i;ajhl=g urKfhka .e<ù jdih l<
;u ish`M ie,iqï ksIaM, jQ ;ek fkdjrosk wjika fkd yel' m%udoS fkd jQ ksj_dKdê.uh l< wh urKska u;= h<s
Wmdhla is;+ ud.kaoshd ;u udud flkl=g mKsjqv hjd Wm;la fkd ,nk fyhska ixidr ,ËKhla jQ urKhg m;a
idudj;S we;=`M msßi úiQ ud,s.h Tjqka tys isáhoS .sks fkdjk nj fuhska yÕjkq ,efí' m%udoS jQ fjda os.gu iif¾
Wmos;s' tfyhska uefr;s'
,jd urd oukakg lghq;= fhÿjd h' ta ìhlre wk;=r
isÿj;aoS o oyï oekqñka fmdfydi;aj isá idudj;S ksíndK( hk jpkfhka ;DIaKdfjka ñoSu woyia lrkq ,efí'
we;=`M msßi Ndjkdfjys fhfoñka ms<siaiS ñh .sh y' ^ks¬jdK hkq tys m%Njhhs'& fuu f,daflda;a;r wê.uh fï
NjfhaoS u ,o yels h' tys os laf,aYhka úkdY jk nj lshefjk
fuh ud.kaoshd f.a l=uKa;%Khla nj rc;=ud iel muKska ij_Y+kH Ndjhla f,i jrojd fkd .; hq;= h' laf,Y
iuQ,Éfþokfhka ,efnk úY+oaêh yd Ydka; iqjm;a iajNdjh tys
lf<a h' tfy;a ;ud tfia iel lrk nj fya ryila ,ËKhhs'
jYfhka ;nd .;af;a h' ta fjkqjg ;uka weh flf¾
fnfyúka m%ikakj isák njla fmkajñka l,a .; l<
rcf;u jrla ;ud wehg;a wehf.a [d;sjrekag;a
ix.%yhla lrkakg hk nj mjid weh f.a mjqf,a
fndfyda [d;Ska f.kajd .;af;a h' ysá yeáfha uq`M
msßi u w;a wvx.=jg .;a rc;=ud ud.kaoshd yd Tjqka
yeufok rc f.or ñÿf,a u urd oukakg ie,iaù h'

fï isoaê fol nqÿ mshdKka jykafiag ie, jQ úg

Wkajykafia fï .d:djka ;=k jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^23 .d:dj&

f; ërd COdhsfkd id;;sld ksÉpx o<aymrlalud

fhd.lafÄux wkq;a;rx ksíndKx Mqika;s'

f; ërd( ta kqjKe;af;da¦ COdhsfkd( OHdk Ndjkd

jvkafkda¦ id;;sld( fkd kj;ajd fjr orkafkda¦
ksÉpx( ks;ru¦ o<aymrlalud( oeä mrdl%ufhka
hqla;j¦ fhd.lafÄux( ne`ÿï j,ska ksoyia jQ¦
wkq;a;rx( wkq;a;r jQ¦ ksíndKx( ksj_dKh¦ Mqika;s(
iam¾Y flfr;s'

wm%udofhys w.h o;a kqjKe;af;da OHdk Ndjkd

jvñka ksr;=rej u fjr jvñka ks;ru oeä W;aidy
orñka ne`ÿï j,ska ksoyia jQ wkq;a;r jQ ksj_dKh
iam¾Y lr;s'

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 11

 k.d isá fjr yd ukd .=Ke;s oyeñka osú mj;ajk fkdmud ;eke;a;df.a hii fudkjg jefâ'

24' WÜGdkjf;d i;suf;d WÜGdkh" i;sh iys;

iqÑlïuiai ksiïuldßfkd isys kqjKe;s" l=i,a ksr;
i[a[;iai p OïuÔúfkd ixjr" oeñ fkd mud ok
wmamu;a;iai hfidZNsjâV;s ^2(4& ls;= f.di me;sfrhs osk osk

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mud fkdjk ok - me;sf¾ ls;= f.di
2 ^2& l=ïNf>daIl f.a l:dj ^24 .d:dj&

fõ `Mjkdrdufhys jev jik iufhys

l=ïNf>daIl kï isgqjrhl= wern Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
hjd" W;aijhg ;ud w; jQ uqo,a ÿkafka h' bka miq
´ rc;=udg mKsjqvhla hjd l=ïNf>daIl rcjdi,g
f.kajk fia b,a,Sula fldg Tyq tys hkakg fmr
;ud;a oshKsh;a tys f.dia isáhd h' rc jdi,oS
tla iufhl rc.y kqjr jix.;hla me;=refKa h' rc;=ud l=ïNf>daIlg l;d fldg lsisu o~qjula fkd
k.rfha isgq;=ud f.a ksjfiys fiajlfhda fï frda. fok njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;a; fy<s lrk fia b,a,d
fhka u< y' isgq;=ud yd ìß`o o frda.fhka fm`MK isáfha h' ta lyjqKq ;uka f.a nj ms<s.;a fya ;ud
y' túg Tjqyq ;u ;=reKq mq;d wu;d ;uka w;yer ñh.sh k.r isgq;=ud f.a mq;%hd nj;a jir fod<ylg
f.dia l,la .sh miq muKla meñfKkakg Wmfoia fmr ;udg jk .; jkakg jQ nj;a fy<s lf<a h'
ÿka y' ;uka Okh ksoka lr we;s ia:dk o fï fï hhs tfuka u ;u ksOdk we;s ;eka o fkd j<yd mejiSh'
fmkajd ÿka y' wka;sfï ta Okh rc jdi,g f.kajd mÍËd lr neÆ
rc;=ud Tyqg isgq moúhla msßkud rc oshKshla o
mq;%hd o k.rh yer f.dia jk .;j jir fod<yla újdy lrjd ÿkafka h' wk;=rej Tyq fõ`Mjkdrduhg
u .; lf<a h' wdmiq k.rhg tk úg Tyq ;reK le`ojdf.k .sh rcf;u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ish`M
úhg m;aj isá fyhska lsisjl=g y`ÿkd .; fkd yels mqj;a okajd isáfha h'
úh' iïm;a j<,d we;s ;eka n,kakg f.dia tajd
ksremøe;j mj;akd nj o oek .;a fyf;u fïjd újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^24 .d:dj&
f.dv f.k Ndú; lrkakg mgka .; fyd;a kqjr
jeiaika lsishï ÿ.shl= ysá yeáfha iïm;la fidhd WÜGdkjf;d i;ssuf;d iqÑlïuiai ksiïuldßfkd
f.k iem ú`oskakg mgka .;af;a hehs iel fldg i[a[;iai p OïuÔúfkd wmamu;a;iai hfid
rc;=udg meñKs,s l<fyd;a ;u jia;=j rc;=ud úiska wNsjâV;s'
rdc ika;l lrkakg bv we;ehs ìhg m;aj th
Ndú;hg fkd .;af;a h' tfyhska ;ju ta i`oyd ksis WÜGdkjf;d( WÜGdk ùhH_h we;s¦ i;ssuf;d( isys
l, WodkQfka hhs is;+ fya Ôj;a ùug /lshdjla fiù kqjKska l%shd lrk¦ iqÑlïuiai( ksrjoH l%shd
h' Tyqg mejreKq /lshdj w`Mhu msìoS k.rfhys l,dmhla we;s¦ ksiïuldßfkd( úuid n,d l%shd
ckhd wjos lrjd" oka wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍug" lr;a; lrk¦ i[a[;iai( ixjr jQ¦ p( iy¦ OïuÔúfkd(
f.k taug yd f.dkqka ne`oSug ld,h nj lshñka O¾udkql+,j Ôj;a fjk¦ wmamu;a;iai( wm%udoS jQ
f>daId lsÍuhs' mqoa.,hd f.a¦ hfid( lS¾;sh¦ wNsjâV;s( jO_kh
fjhs'
tla WoEikl ìïìidr rc;=udg Tyq f.a lE .eiSu
weisKs' lgyçka mqoa.,hka úksYaph lsÍfï iu¾:hl= hï lsis mqoa.,fhla ùhH_h jvñka" isys kqjKska
jQ rcf;u —fï kï uyd Okj;l= f.a lgy~he˜hs hq;=j ksjeros l%shd u lrñka" isys kqjKska hq;=j" jev
mejiS h' ta weiQ tla fiaúldjla ta .ek fidhd n,d lrñka" ixjrj O¾udkql+, Ôú;hla .; lrhs kï" ta
—ta b;d ÿmam;a wirKfhla muKs" foajhka jykai˜ hs wm%udoS mqoa.,hd f.a lS¾;sh osfkka osk jO_kh fjhs'
jd¾;d lf<a h' tfy;a rc;=ud ;j Èk folla u lshd
isáfha ta kï ÿmam;a wirKfhla fkdj uyd Okj;l= újrKh
njhs' kej; o mÍËdjla l< uq;a jd;_d jQfha Tyq
iq`M jegqmlg fiajh lrk ÿmam;l= nj muK h' WÜGdkjf;d( hkafkka woyia jkafka ue,slï ÿ/r mqnqÿjd.;a
ùhH_fhka hq;=j l%shd lsÍuhs' wdhH_ ud._fhys .uka lsÍfuys
thska úiauhg m;a fiaúldj fï .ek fm!oa.,slj oS l=iS; nj n,j;a ndOlhla fjhs' tfyhska WÜGdk ùhH_h
u fidhd n,kakg rc;=udf.ka wjir f.k idudkH w;HjYH h'
ÿmam;a l;la fia fjia j,df.k ;u oshKsh o leáj
lïlrejka w;rg .shd h' ;uka ixpdrhl wd nj
mjiñka Tjqyq l=ïNf>daIl f.a f.hs ,e.=ï .;a y'
tla /hlg kjd;eka b,a,d .;a kuq;a osk lSmhla
tys kjd;eka .ekSug wjir ,nd .;a y' fï w;r;=r
k.rfha tla;rd W;aijhlg yeu ksjilska u tla;rd
uqo,la wksjdhH_fhka u oshhq;= njg rc f;u kS;shla
mekùh' tfy;a l=ïNf>daIl ,Õ t;rï uqo,la fkd
ùh' tfyhska wleue;af;ka jqj o ksOdkfhka rka
ldishla folla .kakg l=ïNf>daIlg isÿ úKs' taajd
ndr fokakg ndr .;a fiaúldj tAjd rc;=ud fj;
fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 13
 kqjKe;a;d flf<ia uy j;=frka kid ,sh fkd yels ry;a m, kue;s msysg ysñ lrkafka h'

25' WÜGdfkkZmamudfok W;aidfyka fkd mud fjka

i[a[fuk ofuk p ixhufhka yd oufkka
oSmx lhsrd: fïOd ù ;ukg mykla lr f.k
hx Tf>d kdNslSr;S ^2(5& iev myßka .e<fjkq uek'

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ;kkq uek osjhsk - iev osh myr j,lk
2 ^3& pq,a,mka:l f.a l;dj ^25 jk .d:dj&

fõ ¿jk úydrfhys jev jik iufhys rc.y

kqjr isgdKka f.a uqKqnqrl= jQ pq,a,mJ:l
f;reka wern fï .d:dj jod< fial'
ÿkay' mKsjqvlre wdmiq meñKsfha úydria:dkfha
NsËQka jykafia oyia kula jev ys`osk nj lshñks'
ta yeu fok pq,a,mka:l ysñhka úiska ujk ,oafoa
h' —pq,a,mka:l ysñ muKla le`ojd f.k tkak˜ hs
rc.y kqjr isgdKkag uydmka:l yd pq,a,mka:l fojk jr hjk ,ÿj Tyq wdmiq wdfha" —yeu fok
hehs uqKqnqfrda fofofkla jQ y' Ou_ Y%jKh msKsi u uu pq,a,mka:lhehs mejiQy˜ hs lshñks' —uq,skau
úydria:dkhg hk úg ;u uqKqnqrka o legqj hkakg uu pq,a,mka:l hehs lshk NsËqku f.a w;ska w,a,d
isgq;=ud mqreÿj isáfha h' .kak˜ hs Tyqg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Wmfoia ÿka
y' Tyq tfia l< úg wks;a msßi w;=reoyka jQ y'
fufia oyï wikakg mqreÿj isá uydmka:l meúosj pq,a,mka:l ysñfhda Tyq iu. Ôjl ueÿrg meñKsh
ry;a jQfha h' ál l,lskau pq,a,mka:l o meúos y' odkh j<`od ksu jQ miq nqÿrcdKka jykafia
jQfha h' tfy;a bf.kqfuys oËhl= fkd jQ fyf;u N=la;dkqfudaok nK foiqu Wkajykafiag mejrE y'
isjq uila u W;aidy lsÍfuka o tla .d:djla mdvï isxykdohla mj;ajkakd fia uOqr iajrfhka yd
lr .kakg wiu;a jQfha h' fï w;r;=r oskla Ôjl ksrdl+,j pq,a,mka:l ysñfhda ruH jQ Ou_ foaYkhla
ffjoHjrhd nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg odkhlg werhqï l< y'
lsÍu msKsi meñKsfha h' t iufhys werhqï ndr
.ekSu lf<a uydmka:l ysñhka úisks' Wkajykafia újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^25 .d:dj&
tosk werhqu ndr .ksoaoS pq,a,mka:l ysñhka
w;yer ms<s.;a y' ta weiqQ pq,a,mka:l ysñfhda uy;a WÜGdfkk wmamudfok i[a[fuk ofuk p fuOdú
lKiai,a,g m;aj iiqfkka bj;a jkakg ;SrKh lf<a oSmx lhsrd: hx Tf>d k wNslSr;s'
h' ta .ek oek.;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia pq,a,mka:l
ysñhka ;uka fj; le`ojdf.k .kaOl=á fodrgqfjys WÜGdfkk( W;aidyfhka¦ wmamudfok( wm%udofhka¦
r`ojd iqÿ f,akaiqjla w;g oS ysre kefÕk osidjg i[a[fuk( ixhufhka¦ ofuk( oukfhka¦ p(
uqyqK ,d zrfcda yrKxZ ^ÿú,s msi ouñ& hs lshñka o¦ fuOdú( kqjKe;a;d¦ oSmx( osjhskla¦ lhsrd:(
th msi ouk fia Wmfoia ÿka y' Wkajykafia tfia ks¾udKh lr .kafka h¦ hx( hï ^osjhskla&¦ Tf>d(
lrk w;r;=r nqÿrcdKka jykafia iÕ.K msßjrd iev myßka¦ k wNslSr;s( hg fkd jkafka o ^tjeks
Ôjl f.a ksjig jevu l< y' osjhskla ;kd .kshs&'

fï w;r ;=r f,akaiqj msi ouñka isá pq,a,mka:l kqjKe;s ;eke;a;d W;aidyfhka" wm%udofhka"
ysñhkag ;u msi oeóu ksid fros lv ls<sá jk ixhufhka yd bJøsh oukfhka iev myrg yiq
wdldrh oel .kakg ,eìK' f,dj ish,af,ys h:d¾:h fkdjk osjhskla ;kd .kshs'
oek .kakg fuh uÕla lr .;a pq,a,mka:l ysñfhda
wiqNh" wks;Hh .ek ukdj mila lr .;ay' Ôjl újrKh
f.a ksjfia isáñka u pq,a,mka:l ysñhka f.a is;
úksúo o;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdf,dalhla hjd fufia fuOdú( hkafkka m%{djka;hd woyia fjhs' ixialdr O¾uhka f.a
wks;H" ÿlaL yd wkd;au ,ËK olakd úo¾Ykd {dkh zfïOdZ
wefikakg ie,eiajQ y' —pq,a,mka:l f,akaiqj muKla kï jk nj wgqjdfjys oelafjhs'
fkd fjhs" Tn ;=<;a ls<sá ;sfnk nj is;kak' ls<sá
fyj;a flf<ia ÿre lsÍfuka muKhs flkl= ry;a nj oSmx( hkak myk hk w:_h o we;s mohla jQj o fuys oS fukau
,nkafka'˜ w;a; oSmd úyr: hk uyd mßksíndK iq;a; mdGfhys o fhoS
we;af;a osjhsk hk w¾:fhka h' ldu" osÜÀ" Nj yd wúÊcd
hk uy .xj;=re j,ska ydkshla fkd jk mßoafoka fï osjhsk
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a ikafoaYh uekúka .%yKh ks¾udKh lr .; hq;=h'
lr.;a pq,a,mka:l ysñfhda ry;a M,h ,nd .;a y'

Ôajl fjoeÿrdKka f.a ksjfiys odkuh mqKH l¾uh

wdrïN lsÍu msKsi wdydr ms<s.kajkakg ierfi;a u
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wdrdufhys ;j NsËQka jykafia,d
isá;aoehs úuiQ y' lsisjl= ke;ehs ms<s;=re ,enqK o
th fkd ms<s.;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;j tla kula
isák nj mjiñka tla ;eke;af;l= wu;d —Tn f.dia
pq,a,mka:l ysñhka le`ojdf.k tkak˜ hs Wmfoia

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 15

nd, jQ wkqjK ckhka m%udofhys fhoS fjfik w;r" kqjKe;a;d fkdmud .=Kh udye.s okhla fia rlS'

26' mudoukqhq[acka;s kqjK u`o wuk ok

nd,d ÿïfuêfkd ckd mud fj;s ;;= fkd oek
wmamudo[ap fuOdù fkdmudj keKe;s ok
Okx fiÜGxZj rlaL;s ^2(6& rls;s f,i uyÕ= ok

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 iïm;la fõ wm%udoh
2 ^4& nd, klaL;a; W;aijfha ú;a;sh ^26 iy 27 .d:d&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev jik iufhys kqjK u`o

fmdÿ ck;dj w;r ckm%sh jQ tla kele;a
fl<shla wern Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia jod< y'
kqjK ke;s" idrOu_ fkd y`ÿkk mqoa.,fhda w¾: Y=kH
úkdYldÍ yeisÍï j, fhfo;s' tfy;a kqjKe;af;da
wm%udoh W;=ï Okhla fuka iqrls;s' ^kdia;sldÍ
l%shdj, fkd fhfo;s&
tiufhys tla oskla fï kele;a W;aijh ieje;a kqjr
jeishka úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,oS' fï W;aijfhys újrKh
úfYaIdx.hla jQfha ñksiqka ;u isrer w`M yd f.du
j,ska ;jrd f.k úúO wiNH jpk wvx.= úys`M nd,d( kñka ck fldgila ks;r u mdfya fn!oaO foaYkdj, j.__
lrkq ,efí' fï kï" wkqjK" kQ.;a" fkd meiqKq mqoa.,fhda h'
;y`M lrñka f.hla mdid hdu h' fudjqka meñKs fuhska Tjqka f.a Ys,am l,d ffkmqKHfhys wvq mdvqlï .ek
úg ksjeishka Tjqkg uqo,a osh hq;= h' úys`M ;y`M lshefj;ehs fkd is;sh hq;= h' h:d¾:djfndaOh w;ska fyj;a
wiNH fyhska meñfKk úg u uqo,la oS yrjd heùu úo.aONdjh Tjqka ÿ¾j, nj fuhska yeÕfjhs' f,daliajNdjh
úkS;hka f.a isß;hs' W;aijh osk y;la meje;afjhs' .ek wjfndaOh wvq fujekafkda fnd<`o" fkdfïrE yeisÍï j,
fhfo;s' Tjqyq mialï iemfhys u .ef,ñka lduiqL,a,sldkqfhda.h
u m%sh lrñka Ôj;a fj;s' .=K oï jeãula fyda .eUqre od¾Yksl
fuh tla úoshl zwúkS; iuhlaZ fyhska jeäysáhka" h:d¾:hla f;areï .ekSfï jEhula fkd or;s' Tjqyq ;ukag
meúoaoka" ñ;=rka" kEoEhka wdoS úfYaIhla fkd ;ld fuf,djg yd mrf,djg ys;lr foa ljf¾oehs f;areï .kakg
wiNH úys`M lsÍu issß; h' tl, ieje;a kqjr wiu;a fj;s'
fn!oaOfhda mka fldaáhla muK úiQyhs lsh;s' Tjqyq
fï W;aij iufhys úfkdaojk w{dk ckhd f.ka mudox wkqhq[acka;s( hkafkys zmudoZ fyj;a m%udoh kï
u;a ùuhs' .eUqrg is;kakg Yla;sh ke;af;da Ñ;a;fõ. u.ska
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fyda NsËq ix>hdg wjuka jkq uq<dlrk ,ÿj u;a fj;s' ish wdfõ. md,kh lr .kakg
fkd ßisj fufia wdrdOkd l<y' wiu;a fj;s' zfï fkd jevqKq wdfõ. ;;aFjhZ tla;rd úoshl
kshqfrdaishdjlehs lSfï jrola ke;'
—iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia;a ish`M u NsËq ix>hd
jykafia;a wdrdufhka msg;g jevu fkd lr wdrduh fiÜGx Okx bj( hkak w.kd Okhla fuka ;u isys kqjK"
úpËK Ñka;kh /l .; hq;= hehs wjOdrKh lrkq jia olajk
;=< u jev ys`osk fialajd' fï osk y; wms odk ,oS' merKs fmd;a j, b;du w.kd Ok ima;lh f,i rka" Íos"
udkdosh ilid úydrhg u tjuq' wms;a msg; ieß uq;=" ueKsla" fjr`M" úÿre" mn¨ hk y; oelafjhs' nqreufha PÜG
ieÍfuka f;drj wfma ksfjia ;=< u l,a .; lruq˜ ix.dhkdfjka wkqu; ;%smsglfhys fuu mdGh Okx fiÜGxj
fufia werhqï l< Tjqyq ta i;sh uy;a wmyiqfjka fia oelafjhs' we;eï merKs ixialrKj, tfia u wdfha h' túg
f.jd .;a y' w¾:h-—isgqjrhl= Okh rlskakdla fuka˜ f,i .; hq;= h'

wgjk osk ish¨ ieKfl<s ksu jQ miq ieoeyej;ayQ

tlaj nqÿmdfudla uy iÕ.K kqjrg jvujd" uy oka
mj;ajd úúO mQfcdamydr meje;ajQ y' wk;=rej tl;a
mfil ys`o —iajdóks" fï i;a oji b;d wmyiqfjka
f.jd .;af;uq' ta wiNH l:d ny lka j,g hyq,a
j,ska wkskakd jeks úh' Tn jykafia,dg wdrduhgu
ù isákakehs wm werhqï lf<a ta ksid h˜hs mejiQ y'
ta wid isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —w{dkhka fufia
;u ld,h jeros f,i Ndú; lrñka yeiqreK;a
kqjKe;af;da wm%udoSj l%shd fldg iir ÿla fl<jr
lr .ks;s˜ hs jodrd fï .d:dj o foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^26 .d:dj&

nd,d ÿïfuêfkd ckd mudox wkqhq[acka;s fuOdù

p wmamudox fiÜGx Okx bj rlaL;s'

nd,d( idrO¾u fkdo;a¦ ÿïfuêfkd( kqjK

u`o¦ ckd( ñksiaiq¦ mudox( m%udoS yeisÍï j,¦
wkqhq[acka;s( fhfo;s¦ fuOdù p( kqjKe;a;d kï¦
wmamudox( wm%udoh¦ fiÜGx( fY%aIaG¦ Okx bj(
Okhla fuka¦ rlaL;s( /l .kshs'

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 17

 lï iqjfhys fhoSï yer fkdmudj OHdk Ndjkd lrk ;eke;a;d úmq,jQ wud iqj ,nhs'

27' ud mudoukqhqf[ac: fkd we,S mudfjys

ud ldur;sika:jx fkd .e,S ldu iqjfhys
wmamu;af;d ys ®dhkaf;d fkd mudj njqka jvñka
mmafmd;s úmq,x iqLx ^2(7& meñfK;s W;=ï iqjhg

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jevqfjd;a njqka - ,o yel W;=ï ksjka
2 ^4& nd, klaL;a; W;aijfha mqj; ^26 iy 27 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^27 .d:dj& fun`ÿ ldu jia;+ka flf¾ we;s wdYdj ldur;shhs' ldu r;sh yd
iu. u ne`oS meje;au i`oyd jk wdYdj o fjhs' lduÉPkao kñka
ye`oskafjkafka o rEm" Yío" .kaO" ri" iam¾Y hk foa flf¾ we;s
mudox ud wkqhq[afc: ldur;sika:jx ud wdYdjhs' idudkH mD:.ackfhda fïjdg wdYla; fj;s' ldudYdj
^wkqhq[afc:& wmamu;af;d ®dhkaf;d ys úmq,x wvq lsÍu msKsi Wmia:ïNl jk lreKq yhls'
iqLx mmafmd;s'
1' ldu jia;+ka f.a wiqN iajNdjh fufkys lsÍu'
mudox( m%udofhys¦ ud wkqhq[afc:( fkd fhfokak¦ 2' ms<sl=,a Ndjkdj ks;r ks;r jeãu'
3' bkaøsh oukh'
ldur;sika:jx( ldudiajdofhys¦ ud ^wkqhq[afc:&( 4' fNdackfhys muK oekSSu'
fkd fhfokak¦ wmamu;af;d( wm%udoSj¦ ®dhkaf;d( 5' l<HdK ñ;% fiajkh'
OHdk jvkakd¦ ys( tAldka;fhka u¦ úmq,x iqLx( 6' m%fhdackj;a l;d ny'
fY%aIaG jQ iem;g¦ mmafmd;s( meñfKhs'
Iâkaøsh yd iïnkaO jQ ldudYdj fyj;a ;DIaKdj IâúO
;DIaKdj f,i ye`oska fõ' fï yh ndysr yd wdOHd;añl jYfhka
mud fkdjkak' ldudiajdofhys fkd .e,S wm%udoj .;a úg fodf<dia jeoEreï fõ' tu fod<i w;S;" j;_udk yd
Ndjkd lrk mqoa.,hd buy;a iqj ,nd .kshs' wkd.; hk ld, ;=kg fh¥ úg 36 la fjhs' fïjd ldu ;Kayd"
Nj ;Kayd" úNj ;Kayd jYfhka ;%súO jQ úg 108 la njg
újrKh m;a fõ'

ldur;s ika:jh( kï lï iqj ú`oSfuys fhoSu h' ldudiajdofhys Nj pl%fhys b;d jeo.;a ikaêia:dk jkafka wúoHd yd
.e,S isák úg uki le<fUhs' iykhla fkd ,nhs' i;H ;DIaKdjhs' wúoHdj w;S; fya;=jla fia o ;DIaKdj j;_udk
.fõIKfhys ,d WfoHda.hla we;s fkd fõ' lï iemg .scqjk fya;=jla fia o olajd we;' i;aFjhd mqk¾Nj jYfhka os.ska
mqoa.,hd nJOkhg yiqfjhs' lduh msmdihla jeksh' ldufhka os.g iif¾ ÿla ú`oskafka fï fya;=fjks' tfyhska fuu wúoHdj
msmdis;j ldufhka oefjk mqoa.,fhda os.ska os.g u iir ÿla yd ;DIaKdj uQf,da;amdGkh lsÍu u.ska ixidr ÿlaLfhka ñoS
ú`os;s' fn!oaO ú.%yhg wkqj l=vd fm!oa.,sl .egqï j, mgka úuqla;sh idOkh lr.; yels h'
f,dal hqoaO olajd ish`M l,s l,y miq mi we;af;a ;DIaKdj h'
rÜGmd, iQ;%fhys oelafjkafka fufia f,dalhd ks;ru wvq mdvq lï udmudoukqhq[afc:( hk wjjdoh i;HdjfndaOh wfmaËd
.ek u is;ñka w;Dma;sfhka mSvd ú`osñka ;DIaKdjg odij isák lrkakjqka i`oyd flfrk wjjdohls' úuqla;sh m%d¾:kd lrkafka
nj h' kï fudfyd;lgj;a WÜGdk ùhH_h ,sys,a fkd l< hq;= h' tfuka
u mD:.ack iajNdjh jO_kh lrk iq¿mej;=ï j¾ckh l< hq;=
lduh jia;= ldu yd laf,Y ldu jYfhka fojeoEreï h' wfma is;a h' ne£ï úuqla;shg we;s uyd ndOdjls'
weo.kakd ruH jia;= jia;= ldu jYfhka ye`oska fõ' tajdfhys ruH
Ndjh m[afÉkaøsh u.ska wms wdiajdokh lruq' fuu ldu jia;+ka
úIfhys we;sjk oeä we,au" leue;a;" .%yKh laf,Y ldu kï
fjhs' laf,aY lduh úiska jia;= lduh m%d¾:kh lrkq ,efí'

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 19

 fidalh ÿre l< ;eke;a;d mõjl isáhl= ìu isákjqka olakd fia" fidalfhka fmf<k i;ale, olshs'

28' mudox wmamudfok wm%udoh jy,a lr f.k

hod kqo;s mKaäf;d m%udoh mrojk mç ok
m[a[dmdidoudrehay kqjK m%didohg kÕsñk
wfidfld fidlsksx mcx ÿ/r fidalh fidal jk ok
mín;ÜfGdZj N=ïuÜfG l`ÿ uqÿk isg my, krUk
ëfrd ndf, wfjlaL;s ^2(8& ú,i krUhs okka wkqjK

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿ/r ;u fidalh - n,hs fidalS f,dalh
2 ^5& uyd liaim ysñhka f.a jia;=j ^28 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik

iufhys uydldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia
ksñ;s fldg fï .d:dj jod< fial'
wm%udofhka m%udoh ÿre l< kqjKe;a;d m%{dj kï
m%didohg keÕS" m¾j;hla uqÿkg keÕ .;af;la
m¾j; mduq, isák ckhd foi n,kakdla fuka" ;ud
fYdal ÿre lr" fYdal lrk m%cdj foi n,hs'
tla oskla msmam,s .=ydfjys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia w`Mhu msìo wo u úiska ldyg wkq.%y újrKh
oelaúh hq;= oehs uyd lreKd iudm;a;sfhka f,dj
n,d jod< fial' ÿmam;a" fmdfydi;a fNaohla ke;sj fidlsksx mcx( hkafkka fuys oS iuia; i;aFj f,dalh u .efka'
wúoHdj yd ;DIaKdj uQf,da;amdGkh fkd l< fya;=fjka iir bmoS
f.dv ìu-c,dYh hehs fjkila ke;sj iuia; f,da uefrñka ÿla ú`osk iuia; m%cdj fidalsksx mcx f,i ye`oskafõ'
;,hu mSrd n,k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a lreKd i;aFjhdg ixidrfha oS iem iïm;a ú`o .ekSfï wjia:dj ,efnk
cd,hg uydldYHm uyry;ka jykafia ,la jQy' kuq;a iem iïm;a ;djld,sl fyhska o iem iïm;ska ,nk
wdiajdoh flá ld,Sk fyhska o tajd o fYdalhg u fya;= fjhs'
uy liqma f;rKqfjda ta fudfydf;a i;aFjhka f.a pq;s- cd;s" crd" jHdê" urK" fYdal" mßfoaj" ÿlaL" fodaukiai wdosh
ksid i;aFjfhda ksrka;rfhka u fYdal lr;s'
W;am;a;s úuiñka Wka y' f,dalfha úúO i;aFjhka
Wmoskq" ñhhkq" kej; Wmoskq Wkajykafia f.a osjeig wfidfld kñka fuu fYdalS m%cdj ú`o.kakd úúO ÿlaL
,la úh' fufia osjeiska úúO i;aFjhka bmefok- fodaukiaihka f.ka f;dr jQ m%d{hd woyia fjhs' wNs{d ,dNS uy
uefrk ú,dih ksÍËKh lrñka Wka uyd ldYHm ry;ka jykafia,dg fYdaalfhka f;drj i;aFjhka foi ne,Sfï
uyd ia:úrhka jykafia ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tu Yla;sh ,efí'
l%shdj uyd Y%djl kulg wkqrEm fkdjk nj mila mKaä;hd fyj;a úpËK kqjKska iukaú; mqoa.,hd lsis u
l< y' wÑka;H jQ i;aFj úIh f.dapr jkafka nqÿ f,!lsl iïm;a;shlska u;a fkd ù l=i,a oï jvd iir neñ is`o
flfkl=kag u muks' tfyhska uy liqma f;reka tu úuqla;s m%;s,dNS jQ úg ish`M ÿlska ñoS i;=gg m;a fjhs' tfia jQ
ldhH_hfhka j<ld ,kq ßis jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úg Tyq mj_;hl fyda m%didohl uqÿfKa isákakl= fuks' Tyq ,nd
uyd ldYHm ysñhka wu;d —ldYHmfhks" i;aFjhka we;s m%{dj fkd ,;a idudkH mD:.ackfhda mj_; mdohl isákafkda
jekafkda h' úuqla;sh ,en .;a ;eke;a;d uy;a wkqlïmdfjka
f.a pq;s-W;am;a;s ms<sn`o mQ¾K jYfhka mis`o oekSu Tjqka foi n,hs'
Tng l< fkd yelafla h' Ôj;ajk i;aFjfhda ñh
f.dia ud;D l=ihl m%;sikaê .ks;s' ta ms<sn`oj uj i;aFjhka ú`osk ÿla ms<sn`o mQ¾K ú.%yhla jQ ÿlaL i;Hfhys
fyda mshd mjd fkd okshs' iuyre ujqmshka fkd oeku ldg;a fmdÿfõ jegfyk ldhsl udkisl ÿla fuka u ishqï f,dal
ñh h;s' tn`ÿ i;aFjhka f.a .Kkla ñïula kï iajNdjh .ek o wka;¾.;h' fmdÿfõ ljqre;a okakd meyeos,s
ÿla" ÿlaL" ÿlafL kñka ye`oskafõ' fndfyda mD:.ackhka ÿl hehs
ke;af;a h' th Tn f.a úIh m:h blaujd isáhs' Tn y`ÿkajkafka tmuKls' tfy;a ÿlaL i;Hh kï thska tydg;a
f.a úIh m:h iSñ; h' i;aFjhka f.a pq;s-W;am;a;s úysÿKls' ish¿ iem fõokdjka ÿla njg mßj¾;kh fj;ehs
ksÍËKh nqÿjrhl= úiskau l< yels jkafka h' Tn f;areï .ekSu myiq ke;' tfyhska th f;areï .ekSu úmßKdu
jekakl= úiska l< fkd yelafla h˜hs meyeos,s l< ÿlaL jYfhka ye`oskafjhs' Bg;a jvd .eUqre yd wjfndaOh ÿIalr
fial' ;;aFjh ixLdr ÿlaL kñka ye`oskafjhs' iuia; ixialdr Ou_
iuQyh u máÉp iuqmamkak jQ" iaj-Ndjhlska f;dr jQ ^iajdëk
meje;aula ke;a;d jQ& foa nj jgyd .ekSu ÿlaL i;HdjfndaOhg
wk;=rej fï ldrKh iïnkaOfhka Nd.Hj;=ka ;=vq fohs' fuu Wiia uÜgu zixLdr ÿlaLZ wjfndaOh f,i oelafõ'
jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^28 .d:dj&

mKaäf;d hod wmamudfok mudox kqo;s ëfrd

m[a[dmdidox wdrehay wfidfld fidlsksx mcx
mín;ÜfGd N+ïuÜfG bj ndf, wfjlaL;s'

mKaäf;d( [dKjka;hd¦ hod hï lf,l¦

wmamudfok( wm%udofhka¦ mudox( m%udoh¦ kqo;s(
ÿre lrhs o¦ ëfrd( keKj;d¦ m[a[dmdidox(
m%{d m%didohg¦ wdrehay( keÕS¦ wfidfld( fYdal
ÿre lf<a¦ fidlsksx( fYdal lrk¦ mcx( m%cdj foi¦
mín;ÜfGd( mj_;hl uqÿkg keÕ .;a wfhla¦ bj(
fuka" N+ïuÜfG( my< isákakjqka¦ ndf,( nd,hka
foi¦ wfjlaL;s( n,hs¦

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 21

 fkd mudj ksosjrd njqka jvk W;=ï kqjKe;a;d jyd ksjka mila lrkafka h'

29' wmamu;af;d mu;af;iq mudjQjka w;r - fkd mudj jiñka

iq;af;iq nyq cd.frd ksod isákjqka ueo - wjosfhka miqfjñka
wn,iaixZj iS>iafid wn, wiq mroñka - fmrg hk fõ.j;a
ys;jd hd;s iqfuOfid ^2(9& wfil= fuka fmrg hhs - kqjK we;s ok uy;a

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fkd mud ok - h;s fmruqK
2 ^6& hy`M fokul f.a mqj;la ^29 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev jiñka

ñ;=re fokula ksñ;s lrf.k fï .d:dj jod<
fial'
hk m%n, wYajhl= fuka bosßhg f.dia we;'˜ hs jod<
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^29 .d:dj&

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka Ndjkd l¾uia:dk ,nd
.;a fï foku Ndjkd msKsi wdrKHhg .sh y' ta mu;af;iq wmamu;af;d iq;af;iq nyqcd.frd
fokuf.ka tla kula oj,a ojfiys or tla /ialr iqfuOfid iS>iafid wn,iaix bj ys;ajd hd;s'
rd;%sfhys m%:u hdufhys oS .sks f.dvla .ihs' ta
jgd jdä ù idufKarjreka iu. ´md¥m-m%,dm l;d
nfyys ueoshï /h jk ;=re l,a hjhs' wks;a ysñ ku mu;af;iq( m%udojkakjqka w;r¦ wmamu;af;d( wm%udoS
uq,a hduh Ndjkdfjka .; lrhs' ;u ñ;=re ysñ ku jk¦ iq;af;iq( ksokakjqka w;r¦ nyq cd.frd( jeämqr
m%udofhka l,a hjkq ÿgq Ndjkd lrk ysñ ku —wm wjosfhka isák¦ iqfuOfid( m%{djka;hd¦ iS>iafid(
jk.; jQfha nqÿrÿka fj;ska lu_ia:dk ,nd f.k cjdêl wYajfhla¦ wn,iaix bj( ÿn, wYajhl=
fyhska l:d nyska l,a heùu wkqÑ; h' tfyhska mud fuka¦ ys;ajd( miq lrñka¦ hd;s( bosßhg hhs'
fkd ù Ndjkdfjys ksr; jkake˜hs wjjdo l< y'
tfy;a ta fkd;ld m%udoS NsËqj ;u pdß;%h tfiau
lrf.k .sfha h' wm%udoS NsËqj o wjjdo ms<s fkd wka wh m%udo nyq,j ks;r ksoñka l,a .; lrk úg
.kakd fudyqg wjjdo lr l=ug fjfyfiñ oehs is;d wm%udoSj" jeämqr wjosfhka isák w;sYh {dkjka;
;ukaa f.a iqmqreÿ Ndjkdfjys fhfohs' mqoa.,hd ÿj_, wYajhl= mrojd bosßhg hk olaI
wYajhl= fuka bosßhg hhs'
rd;%s m%:u hduh Ndjkdfjka l,a f.jk wm%udoS
ysñ ku ueoshï hdufhys kskaog hhs' ta oel m%udoS újrKh
NsËqj —jk.; jQfha ksokakg fkd fõ' Tn lugyka
,en wjq;a m%udoSj jdih lrkjd fkd fõoe˜hs' Ndjkd fï .d:dfjka m%udo fkd ù kskao wvqlr wjxlj Ndjkd jvk
NsËqj m%udoS" ksødmrjY NsËqj wìnjd fmrg hk whqre oelaúK'
fhda.S NsËqjg fpdaokd lrñka ish l=áhg jeoS fodr ta i`oyd fhdod .;a Wmudj is;a .kakd iq`M h' ÿn, wYajhl=g
jid f.k ksohs' wm%udoS NsËqj rd;%s uOHu hduh lsis lf,l m%n, wYajhl= mrojd Odjk ;rÕfhka ch .;
muKla ksod w¨hï hdufhys keÕS Ndjkd lrhs' fkd yel' tfia u ù¾hdêl wm%ud§ mqoa.,hd mrojkakg m%udoS
fï wm%udoS p¾hdj fya;=fjka Wkajykafia b;d iq`M mqoa.,hd iu;a fkd fjhs'
l,lska u ry;a M,h ,nd .;a y' m%udoS ysñ ku uq¿
jia ld,h u .sks ;msñka ´mdÿm fodvjñka .; lf<a
h' jia ld,h ksu l< foku Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
neye oelSu msKsi foõrug meñKsh y'

—uyfKks" Tn fofokd u ;u wdrKH jdih wm%udo

úyrKfhka id¾:l lr f.k fyd`o m%;sM, ,nd
meñKsfha hehs is;ñ˜hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod<
y' túg m%udoS NsËqj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wu;ñka
—iajdóks" fï NsËqj wm%udo úyrKfhka jia ld,h
.; lrkafka flfia o@ wdrKHhg .sh od mgka u fya
ksod .ekSu yer fjk hula fkd lf<a h˜hs mejiS h'
—Tn l,a .; lf<a flfia o@˜

—iajdóks" uu oj,a ojfia or lvd tla /ia lf<ñ'

m%:u hduh .sks o,ajd ud WKqiqï lr .;sñ' m%:u
hdufhys fkd ksodu wjosfhka isáfhñ'˜

—uyK" Tfí ld,h Tn m%udo úyrKfhka .; lr

we;' Tn ld,h kdia;s lr mudj isg zuu wm%udoSj
ld,h .; lf<ñZ hs lshhs' Tn m%udoh wm%udoh
f,i;a" wm%udoh m%udoh f,i;a mg,jd f.k we;'
Tn iuÕ ii`ok úg umq;= ÿn, wil= mrojd fmrg
fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 23
 wm%udo .=Kh /lSu fya;=fldgf.k u> kï ;reKhd ilafoõ rch ,eîh'

30' wmamudfok u>jd wm%udofhka u> f;u

fojdkx fiÜG;x .f;d ,enqjd ila foõ moúh
wmamudox mixika;s wm%udoh u mii;a
mudfod .rysf;d iod ^2(10& mudj yeuod .ry;a

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jevqfjka wm%udoh - ysñ úh Yl%% moúh
2 ^7& u> udkjl jD;a;dka;h ^30 .d:dj&

nq ÿ mshdKka jykafia úYd,d uy kqjr l+gd.dr

Yd,dfjys jev jdih lrk fiala foúhka f.a
wêm;s jQ Yl% foafõkaøhd wruqKq lr f.k fï .d:dj
5' uiqre lu yer oka oSu
6' i;Hjdos;ajh
7' fldam fkd .ekSu hk m%;sm;a;s y;hs'
foaYkd l< fial'
fï m%;sm;a;s ima;lh fkd lvjd wdrËd l< fyhska
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ilal m[ay iQ;%h foaYkd l< fyf;u Yl% iïm;a;sh ,eî h'
nj wdrxÑ jQ uyd,S kï ,sÉPú l=udrfhla fufia
is;S h' —Yl%hd f.a wdYap¾hh Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia u> udkjlj Wmka
úiska úia;r lr we;' tfy;a we;af;ka u Nd.Hj;=ka iufhys ;reKhka ;sia fofokl= iu. tlaj .ula
jykafia Yl%hd oel ;sfí o@ Wkajykafia Yl%hd ixjO_kh lsÍug l%shd l< whqre;a Bg tfrys jQ .ï
iu. l;d ny lr ;sfí o@ ke;fyd;a Wkajykafia uq,doEkshd rc;=udg okajd Tjqka w;a wvx.=jg .;a
;uka kqÿgq Yl%fhla .ek j¾Kkd lrkjd o@ uu whqre;a jod, fial' rc;=ud miqj kshu ;;= oek
Wkajykafia yuq ù fuys we;a; ke;a; meyeos,s lr f.k Tjqka ksoyia lr Wojq Wmldr lf<a h' ukq
.ksñ˜' f,dj fndfyda mskalï lr hym;a Ôú;hla .; l<
fya;=fjka Tjqkg ;uka f.au foaj f,dalhla z;õ;sidZ
fufia is;d Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqjg .sh fyf;u kñka ks¾udKh úh' tys wêm;s jQ u> Yl% foafõJø
Wkajykafiag je`o tl;amiaj isg Wkajykafia iuÕ kñka m%lg úh' fï mqj;a uyd,Sg mejiQ Nd.Hj;=ka
ms<si`or l;d ksujd —Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" Tn jykafia jykafia fï .d:dj o jod< fial'
Yl% foafõJøhd oel ;sfí o@˜hs úuiQ y'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^30 .d:dj&
—tfia h uyd,S" uu Yl% foafõkaøhd oel we;af;ñ'˜
—Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" Tn jykafia olskakg we;af;a u>jd wmamudfok fojdkx fiÜG;x .f;d
Yl% foafõkaøhd jeks fjk flfkls' Yl% foafõkaøhd wmamudox mixika;s' mudfod iod .rysf;d
oel .ekSu b;d u ÿIalr lreKls'— ˜kE uyd,S" uu
Yl%hd fyd`oska oksñ' Tyq Yl% moúh ,oafoa ljr u>jd( u> udkjl f;u¦ wmamudfok( wm%udofhka¦
.=K msÍfuka o hkak;a uu oksñ˜hs mejiQ Nd.Hj;=ka fojdkx( foúhka f.a¦ fiÜG;x( kdhlFjhg¦
jykafia Yl%hd f.a W;am;a;s l:dj uyd,sg meyeos,s .f;d( m;a úh¦ wmamudox( wm%udoh¦ mixika;s(
lr ÿka y' ^kqjKe;af;da& mii;s¦ mudfod( m%udoh¦ iod(
yeuúg u¦ .rysf;d( my;a fldg i,lkq ,efí'
—uyd,S" tla mQj_d;auNdjfhl Yl% foafõJø f;u
ukq f,dj bmso isáfha h' tl, Tyq f.a ku u> kï u> kï ;reKhd foúhka f.a kdhl;ajhg m;a jQfha
úh' ta ksid Tyqg wo zu>jdZ hhs o lsh;s' fyf;u wm%udoh fya;=fjks' wm%udoh yeuod kqjKe;a;ka f.a
kqjrla kqjrla mdid okaie,a ilia lrjd oka ÿkafkah' m%Yxidjg ,la jQjls' m%udoh ljo;a .¾ydjg ,la
tfyhska Tyqg zmqßkaooZhs lsh;s' Tyq oka ÿkafka ukd jQjls'
ms<sfj<g h' tfyhska Tyqg zilalZ hehs lsh;s' ñksia
nj ,en isá;a oS fya wdjdihla ;kd mQcd lf<a h' újrKh
tfyhska Tyqg zjdijZ hehs lsh;s'
mudfod .rysf;d iod( m%udoh yeuúg u my;a fldg i,lkq
,nkafka m%udo jQjkg Wiia wdOHd;añl idOk ,nd .ekSug lsis
Tyqg oeka tl fudfyd;la ;=< oyila lreKq jgyd lf,l yels fkdjk fyhsks' th ish`M f,!lsl .eg¨ j,g o uq,a
.ekSfï Yla;sh we;' tfyhska Tyqg ziyiailaLZ fjhs'
hehs lsh;s' Tyqg iqcd;d kï wiqr lkHdjla wdjdy
lr .; yels jQ fyhska ziqcïm;sZ hehs lsh;s' Tyq u>jd( u> f.a l;dj cd;lÜG l:dfjys u> udkjl cd;lh
jYfhka iúia;rj oelafõ'
;õ;sidfjys foúhkag wêm;s fyhska zfoaúkaoZ hehs
lsh;s' Tyqg zYl% foafõJøZ Ndjh ,nd .ekSug yels foaj( kï ishqï YÍr we;s wdf,dalu;a Wiia Ôj úfYaIhls' Tjqyq
jQfha ukqIHd;au Ndjfhys oS ima;j%; mo mQrKh l< osjH f,dalj, jdih lrñka l¾udkqrEmj Wiia iem iïm;a ,n;s'
fyhsks' ta ima; j%; mo kï" ta yer jDË foaj;d' jdia;= foaj;d oS N+udgq foaj;dfjda o fj;s'
foúhkag mqKHdkqfudaokd lsÍu fn!oaOhka f.a hym;a pdß;%hls'
mska ,nd i;=gg m;a jk foúhka f.a wdYS¾jdoh f,!lsl
1' osú ;sfnk ;=re u ujq mshka /l n,d .ekSu
w¾:isoaêhg bjy,a fjhs'
2' l=, fogqjka msoSu'
3' fuf<dla nia l;d lsÍu'
4' fla,dï fkd lSu'
fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 25
 mud neõys ìh oel uyK oï jvk ;eke;a;d l=ÿ uy;a iir ne`ÿï jQ ^/yeka& ojhs'

31' wmamudorf;d NslaLQ wm%udofhys reÑ jk

mudfo Nh oiais jd m%udofha kmqr olsk
i[af[dckx wKqx :Q,x ysñ ku iõ flf<ia ;jk
vyx w.a.S j .ÉP;s ^2(11& .sks o`Mjls ne`ÿï ojk

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ojhs ixfhdack - wm%udoh me;sfrk
2 ^8& tla;rd NsËqjl f.a jia;=j ^31 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik

fiala tla;rd NsËqkula uq,a lr fuu .d:dj
jod< fial'
i;H .fõIKfhys ,d wm%udoS jQ m%udofhys ìh olakd
NsËqj l=ÿ uy;a ixfhdack .skakla fuka ojñka
fmrg hhs'

fï NsËq ku ry;a ùu olajd wjYH ish¨ Ndjkd lu_ újrKh

ia:dk iy Ndjkd WmfoaY ;u wdpd¾hhka jykafia
f.ka ,nd f.k wdrKH jdihg .sfha h' tfy;a ljr ixfhdack( kï i;aFjhd iirg ne`o ;nk nkaOk h' tn`ÿ
nkaOk 10 la ;sfí' tkï"
;rï W;aidy l< o Wkajykafiag wê.uhla ,nkakg
yels fkd ù h' wka;sfï Wkajykafia fufia is;+ y' 1' ilaldh osÜÀh
—uu nqÿ rÿka yuq ù uf.a pß;hg jvd;a .e<fmk 2' úÑlsÉPdj
lugykla ,nd .ksñ'˜ 3' iS,ín; mrdudi
4' ldu rd.
5' jHdmdo
fufia is;+ Wkajykafia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia neye oel 6' rEm rd.'
lugyka ,nd .ekSu msKsi .ukg msg;a jQ y' w;r 7' wrEm rd.
u.oS Wkajykafiag uyd ,eõ .skakla olakg ,eìK' 8' udk
,eõ .skak jy jyd me;sfrñka mej;sK' tfyhska 9' WoaOÉp
Wkajykafia ,Õ u jQ mj_;hlg keÕ .;ay' l`ÿ 10' wúÊcd
u; isg .skak me;sr hkq n,d isá Wkajykafia fufia hk oyhhs' fuhska uq,a ixfhdack my my<g ne`o ;nk nkaOk
is;+ y' —fï .skak nqr nqrd keÕS jefvkakd fia" ish¨ jYfhka o fojk ixfhdack my by<g ne`o ;nk nkaOk
ndOl ojd yßñka me;sr hkakd fia uu o ish¨ ndOl jYfhka o y`ÿkajkq ,efí' my,g ne`oSu kï ldu f,dal j,g
ojd yer wdhH_ ud._h mßmQrKh lrñ'˜ ne`oSuhs' by,g ne`oSu kï rEm yd wrEm f,dalj,g ne`oSuhs'

fïjdhska i isg iii olajd ixfhdack j,ska ñ\qkq ;eke;a;d fidajdka

fï NsËQka jykafia tosk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a jQ ;eke;a;l= f,i ye`oskafjhs' óg w;sf¾lj iv yd v o ;rulg
lreKd cd,hg yiq ù ;sìK' iqj`o .`o ls<sfha jev u¾okh lr .;a ;eke;a;d ilDod.dó jQfjls' i isg v olajd ish`M
jiñka u Wkajykafia tu NsËqj wu;d fufia jod< ixfhdack ì`o y< úg wkd.dó jQ nj lshkq ,efí' ixfhdack
y' —NsËqj" th b;du;a WÑ; h' l=ÿ uy;a ish¿ oyfhka u ñÿK ;eke;a;d w¾y;a M,h ,nd .;a W;=fuls'
ndOl ojd f.k ,eõ .skak fmrg hhs' m%{dj kue;s
mudfo Nh oiaisjd( hkafkys wre; hï hï udkisl idOl
.skak o ish¿ l=ÿ uy;a ;DIaKd ndOl ojd f.k fya;=fjka u;a j ú¾h fkd lr laf,Y jiÕj Ôj;a ùfï
fmrg hd hq;= h'˜ ;uka jykafia fj;ska Nd.Hj;=ka Nhxlr;ajh m%;HË lr .kakd njhs' i;s iïmc[a[fhka
jykafia tu NsËqj fj; hejQ wdf,dal Odrdj" f;drj úiSfuka jkafka iir ÿla oslaùu h'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;uka wNsuqLfhys isg .d:dj
foaYkd lrkakd fia Wka jykafiag osia úh' wmamudorf;d( hkafka i;H .fõIlhd udkisl m%fndaOfhka hq;=j
wd.ñl ph_Hdfjys W;aiql jk wdldrh yeÕfjhs' ksj_dKm%;s,dNh
úIfhys WfoHda.h u`o jqjfyd;a jk ydksh okakd fyhska fyda
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< .d:djg ijka ÿka NsËqj wm%;sy; ffOhH_fhka Ndjkdfjys ksr; fjhs'
t;ek ys`osñka u jyd ish is; flf,iqka f.ka uqojd
f.k ish¿ flf<iqka ojd wNs{d ,dNSj ry;a NsCLq( kï nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; meúoao ,;a ;eke;a;dh'
M,h ,enQ y' wk;=rej wyig keÕ=Kq Wkajykafia fn!oaO NsËqj mQclfhla fkdj meúoafola muks' foúhka yd
ñksiqka w;r ueos mqreIhl= f,i l%shd lrk ;eke;a;l= fkdjk
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a ks¾ñ; YÍrhg jkaokd fldg fyhska mQclhl= fia lsj fkd fya' NsËq;ajh kï ish leue;af;ka
m%Yxid lr kslau .sh y' wd.ñl Ôú;hla Ndr .ekSuls' th wleue;s jQ úg w;a y<
yels h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^31 .d:dj&

wmamudorf;d mudfo Nhoiais jd NsCLq wKqx :Q,x

i[af[dckx w.a.S bj vyx .ÉP;s'

wmamudorf;d( wm%udofhys we¨Kq¦ mudfo(

m%udofhys¦ Nh oiais jd( ìh olakd¦ NsCLq( NsËqj¦
wKqx :Q,x( ishqï yd uy;a¦ i[af[dckx( nJOk¦
w.a.S bj( .skakla fuka¦ vyx( ojñka¦ .ÉP;s(
bosßhg ^ksjkg& hhs'

fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 27

 fkd mudfjys we,S uyKoï jvk ;eke;a;d msÍysug fkd meñfKa' ksjka mqr <Õ u fõ'

32' wmamudorf;d NsCLq we¨Kq fkd mudfjys

mudfo Nhoiais jd ìh olakd mudfjys
wNífnd mßydKdh fkd msßfyhs NsËqj
ksíndKiafiZj ika;sfl ^2(12& <xj isákd ksjkg

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wef;d;a kqjK - <Õh ksjk
2 ^9& ks.dujdiS ;siai ysñhka f.a l:dj ^32 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jik

fiala ks.dujdiS ;siai f;reka jykafia wern fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
ukaosrh mjd lïmd úh' fyf;u .srjd jvd;a úuikq
msKsi .i úh,S l=vq yef,k ;;aFjhg m;a l< o fya
t;ekska fkd .sfha h' thska m%ikak jQ Yl% foafõkaø
f;u Tyq úiQ jkh kej; ire idr M, nr Whkla
ieje;a kqjßka kqÿfrys tla;rd kshï .ful m%N+ njg m;a lf<a h' tl, —.srd rcj;a w,afmaÉPNdjh
mjq,l ;reKfhla nqÿ iiafkys meyeo meúos jQfha m%.=K l< uf.a mrmqf¾ tla mqrella jQ fï
h' kshï .ulska meúos jQ fyhska Wkajykafiag ks.du ks.du;siai fufia w,afmaÉPùu mqÿuhla fkd fõhe˜hs
;siai hk ku jHjydr úh' b;d ieoeyefhka meúos jod< nqÿrcdKka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< y'
oï msrE Wkajykafia f.a w,afmaÉP" ika;=Iag .=Kh
yd úkh .rel YsËdldó p¾hdj ms<sn`oj b;d újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^32 .d:dj&
blauKska u me;sr .sfha h' Wkajykafia ;u [d;Ska
úiQ .fuys ks;r ms~qisÕd .sh y' kqÿfrys u jQ ieje;a wmamudorf;d mudfo Nhoiais jd NsCLq wNífnd
kqjr wfkams~q isgdKka jeks ieoeye;s odkm;shka mßydKdh ksíndKiai ika;sfl tj
úiqj o" uyd ix>r;akhg ks;r .re i;aldr l<
isjqmih ms<s.ekajQ mfiakoS fldfid,a rc;=ud isáh o wmamudorf;d( wm%udofhys we¨Kq¦ mudfo(
Wkajykafia lsis lf,l tys fkd .sh y' m%udofhys¦ Nhoiais jd( Nh olakd¦ NsCLq( NsËqj¦
ksíndKiai( ks¾jdKfhys¦ ika;sfl( iómfhys
oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuq jQ NsËQka jykafia isáfha¦ mßydKdh( mßydKshg¦ wNífnd tj( iqÿiq
msßila Wkajykafiag fufia ie< lr isáh y' fkdjkafka u h'
—iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" fï ks.du;siai NsËqj
;u [d;sjreka uOHfhau jdih lrkafka h' fu;rï wm%udofhys we`MKq" m%udofhys Nhxlr;ajh y`ÿkk
ieoeye;s odkm;s wfkams~q uy isgdKka isáh o" NsËqj ksjKg iómj jik fyhska msßfykakg iqÿiq
wioDY oka fok mfiakoS fldai, rc;=udKka úiqj fkd fõ'
o ta lsisjl= f.a mqKH l¾uhlg fkd meñfKhs'˜ újrKh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta wid ks.du;siai ysñhka ieje;a
kqjrg le`ojQ y' —NsËqj" Tn [d;Ska w;ru /`oS ksíndKiai ika;sfl( hkafkka wm%udoS NsËqj ksjKg b;d iómj
jik nj woyia lrkq ,efí' ks¾jdKh wcd;" wN+;" wl;"
Tjqka fj;u ms~q isÕd hñka Tjqkag u iSñ;j l=, wixL; jYfhka y`ÿkajk nqÿrcdKka jykafia th we;s fohla
ix>ÜGj isák nj ienEoe˜ hs úuid isáh y' nj jod< y' tjekakla fkd ;sìKs kï" cd;" N+;" lD;" ixialD;"
—Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" uu l=,hka yd ne``oS fkd fjfiñ' fohska .e,ùula fkd jkakg ;sìKehs o jod< y' wdfmd" f;fcd"
ud ms<s.kafka ug hefmkakg wjYH ;rfï fNdackhla jdfhd" mGú hk i;r uyd N+;fhda ;ekla fkd ,n;s' os.-m,,"
muKs' ug ,efnk wyr iq`M fyda fõjd u`o fyda fõjd fyd`o-krl" kdu-rEm wdoS ish,a, úhelS hhs' tf,djla-fuf,djla"
taula-hdula" Wm;la-úm;la fyda ldu jia;=jla úoHdudk fkd
m%kS; fõjd m%kS; fkd fõjd uu bka lïmd fkd ù ,o fõ' —ksjk fufia RK jdÖ mo j,ska úia;r lr we;s fyhska
fohska i;=gq fjñ' jeämqr fyda jeä ñysrg fyda uu th WÉfPohla fia jrojd jgyd .kafkda nyq, fj;s' tfy;a
fkd fjfyiñ' tfia w,afmÉPj Ôj;a jkq ñi [d;Ska ks¾jdKh WÉfPohla fkd fõ'
flf¾ we,S Ôj;a fkd fjñ'˜ hs ks.du;siai ysñfhda
m%ldY lr isáh y' wNífnd mßydKh( mßydkshg wfhda.Hhehs i`oyka lf<a tn`ÿ
wfhla msßfykafka ke;ehs mejiSu i`oyd h' Ndjkdfjka msßySu
fyda ud._ M,j,ska msßySu hk tla úoshlskaj;a msßySu hq;= ke;' ta
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —idOq" idOq" NsËqj b;du;a fjkqjg jO_khla u Ndjkdfjys yd ud._ M,hkays wNsjDoaêhla u
iqkaorh˜ hs mjid NsËQka jykafia wu;d fufia wfmaËd l< yelsh'
m%ldY l< y' —uyfKks" ud jeks .=rejrfhla ,;a
Tn w,afmÉP ùu mqÿuhla fkdfõ' uf.a mrmqf¾ uf.a
mqreoafoa wdldrh fuh h'˜ tfia jod< Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia ks.du;siai ysñhka f.a w,afmÉP;dj
lS¾;kh lrñka fï l;d mqj; o jod< y'

tla lf,l ysuj; fmfoi .x.d kï .Õ bjqf¾ osUq,a

jkhl .srõ oyila muK úiQ y' l,l oS fï osUq,a
.i úh,S ueÍ hkakg jQfhka fndfyda .srjq th yer
.sh y' tfy;a tla .srfjla ;ud úiQ .fiys M, ke;s
l, o fld<" fmd;= wdosh lñka .fÕa osh fndñka
úiSh' Tyq f.a w,afmaÉP;dj fya;=fjka Yl%hd f.a
fojk mrsÉfPaoh ( wmmudo j.. 29
 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 u NdKv
a d.dr
O¾ h
3 jk mßÉfþoh

Ñ;; j..

.re fõrf.dv idro kdysñmdKka jykafia

isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix>kdhl
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
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mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
î¡ mqIamdkS Ou_,;d
î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ief,k iq¨jQ" /l .ekaug wudre jQ is; keKj;d ^fodia kue;s& weo yer fudkjg iokafka h'

33' Mkaokx pm,x Ñ;a;x /l .ekSu wudrehs

ÿrlaLx ÿkaksjdrhx ief,k pm, is; wfma
Wcqx lfrd;s fuOdù kqjKe;a;d weo wßhs
WiqldfrdZj f;ckx ^3(1& yS -lre yShla jf.a

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ok kqjKe;s - is; yslauj;s
3 ^1& fu>sh f;reka f.a l:d jia;=j ^33 iy 34 .d:d&

pd ,sld lkafoys jev jik w;r Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fu>sh f;reka wern fï .d:dj
foaYkd l< fial'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^33 .d:dj&

Mkaokx pm,x ÿrCLx ÿkaksjdrhx Ñ;a;x fuOdù

Wiqldfrd f;ckx bj Wcqx lfrd;s
fu>sh ysñfhda .xf;rla whsfka ukrï wU Whkla
oel njqka jeãu msKsi tys hkakg nqÿrcdKka Mkaokx( iaMkaokh jk¦ pm,x( pm, jQ¦ ÿrCLx(
jykafia f.ka wjir b,a,d isáh y' ;u ;kshg /l .ekSu wmyiq jQ¦ ÿkaksjdrhx( ixjr lr
fjk;a kula fidhd .kakd ;=re ;uka yer fkd hk .ekSu ÿIalr jQ¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ fuOdù( kqjKe;a;d¦
fia nqÿ rÿka b,a,d isáh o ;uka hd hq;= hehs f;jrla Wiqldfrd( B;, yokakd¦ f;ckx( B oKav ^Rcq
u n, fldg lshd isá fu>sh f;rekag nqÿ mshdfKda lrkakdla&¦ bj( fuka¦ Wcqx lfrd;s( Rcq lrhs'
f;jk jr wjir ÿka y'
is; ks;r ief,hs' fjkia fjhs' /l .ekSu yd ixjr
tfy;a wU Whkg f.dia wU rella hg Ndjkdjg lr .ekSu wmyiq h' tfy;a kqjKe;af;da B;, yok
jev yqka Wkajykafiag ;uka fmr ckau /il u lïu,a lrejl= B oKav weo yer Rcq lrkakdla fuka
rcl=j bmso k<Õkka msßjrd tys úfkdao jQ wdldrh is; Rcq lr;s'
isys ùfuka ldu rd.h o" wmrdO lrejl= ;uka fj; újrKh
f.k wd nj isys ùfuka jHdmdoh o Tyqg o~qjï kshu
lsÍï jYfhka úysxidj o jYfhka ú;¾l we;s úh' Ñ;a;( mxpialkaO w;=frka ú[a[dK ialkaOh Ñ;a; jYfhka
.efka' fõokd" i[a[d yd ixLdr hk ffp;isl Ou_fhda É;a;h
fuhska úms,sirg m;a Wkajykafia jyd u nqÿrÿka uq,a fldg mj;s;s' rEmialkaOh jqj o l%shd;aul jkafka É;a;h
olakg f.dia fï ;;= fy<s lr isáh y' we;s l,ays u fyhska Ñ;a;h m%Odk fõ' Ñka;khg Wmldrl
jkafka is; fyhska thg Ñ;a; hehs kï flf¾' is; ksr;=reju
—fu>sh Tn lf<a jrols' ud oeka ;ksjuhs bkafka' fjkia fjñka" mj;skakls' tfy;a wk;=rej we;sjk is;a uq,a
hkak tmd' fjk;a f;reka jykafia kula tk;=re isf;ys ,ËK-.=Kdx. .%yKh lrk fyhska tla os.gu mj;sk
fia fmfka' is; fjkia jk fyhska u th il%sh h'
bkak' tfia ud ;ksj oud fkdhkakehs lshoaoS;a Tn
.sfhys h' tmd lshoaoS is;g hg;aj f.dia oeka ;%súO ngysr o¾Ykfhys b.ekafjk wd;au ixl,amh lD;Hh úiska
ú;¾lhkag u f.dapr úh' Ñ;a;hg iu jqjo zwd;auZ hkafkka fmros. od¾Ykslhka
wjOdrKh l< ks;H yd wúkYajr ixl,amh nqÿ iuh úiska
is;g jy,a úu kqiqÿiq h' is; ;uka jiÕhg .; m%;sfËam lrk ,oaols' isf;ys wLKav;dj mj;ajd f.k hk
Njx. kï É;a;hla ms<sn`oj wNsO¾ufhys i`oyka fõ' hul= f.a
hq;=h˜ hs jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia zMkaokx pm,x Wmf;a isg mj;akd iajNdúl É;a;h th jqjo zwd;auZ f,i th
É;a;xZ hkdoS .d:dj foaYkd l< fial' Nd.Hj;=ka ye`oskaúh fkd yelafla th o wks;H fyhsks' th kq;k ufkda
jykafia f.a Ou_ foaYkdjidkfhys fu>sh NsËqj úoHdfõ Wm ú[a[dKhg o iu l< fkd yelafla Wm ú[a[dKh
fidajdka M,fhys msysáhy' wkH fndfyda fokdg o fyj;a háis; Wvqis; yd iu.dó Ñ;a;hla f,i úia;r lrkq
O¾udNsiuh úh' ,nk fyhsks' Njx. kñka wNsOu_dpd¾hjreka WoafoaY lrkafka
tn`ÿ iu.dó Ñka;hla fkd fõ'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 7

 f.dvìu ndyÆ ufil= fia fï is; wefok ief,k neúka jEhfuka /l flf,iajg ÿ/,she hq;=h'

34' jdßfcdZj :f, Å;af;d Èfhys yeu l,a jikd

Tlfudl; WíNf;d f.dv ìu ¨ ufil= fia
mßMkao;sZox Ñ;a;x ief,kd pm, jQ fï is;
udrfOhHx myd;fj ^3(2& ñÈh hq;= fõ uryq ne¨fuka

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 k,shhs is; ud`Mjl= fia
3 ^2& fu>sh ysñhka f.a jia;=j ^33 iy 34 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^34 jk .d:dj& wm úiska lrkq ,nk ish`Mu l%shd j,g j. lsj hq;af;da wms u
fjuq' úúO ndysr n,mEï wm f.a is;g ,efnk nj ienE jqj o
is;d u;d ksoyfia ;SrK f.k tajd l%shd;aul lsÍfï yelshdj
Tlfudl; WíNf;d :f, Å;af;d jdßfcd bj box fyj;a iajÉPkao;dj wm ieu fokd fj;u mj;sk nj ms<s.;
Ñ;a;x mßMkao;s udrfOhHx myd;fj' hq;=h' fuu ksoyi m%fhdackhg f.k ksr;=rej fjkiajk is;
mdmhg wjk; jkakg fkd oS /l .ekSu wm f.a hym;g fya;=
Tlfudl;( c,dYfhka¦ WíNf;d( f.dvg f.k¦ fjhs'
:f,( f.dv ìu¦ Å;af;d( ;nk ,o¦ jdßfcd(
fn!oaO Ndjkd l%uh ;=< wka;¾.; Ñ;a;dkqmiaikdj is; mss<sn`o
u;aiHhl=¦ bj( fuka¦ box( fï¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ fuu YsËKh i`oyd we;s id¾:l Wml%uhhs' kùk ufkda úoHdjg
mßMkao;s( iaMkaokh fjhs' ^.efyhs&¦ udrfOhHx( mjd isf;ys iQËau yd ixlS¾K iajrEmh .%yKh lr .ekSug
udr nkaOk¦ myd;fj( m%ydKh l< hq;= h' yels ù ke;' úúO phH_djka wOHhkh lsÍu u.ska ,nd .kakd
wkqudk [dKhla ñi m%;HË oekSula ,nd .kakg Tjqka iu;a ù
c,fhka f.dvg f.k f.dv ìu ;enQ u;aiHhl= ke;s nj lsj hq;= h' fn!oaO o¾Ykh wka;rjf,dalk l%uh u.ska
;u is; ;uka úiska u wOHhkh lr .ekSfï YsËd ud¾.hla
.efykakdla fuka wm f.a is; o i,s; fjhs' udrhd jYfhka Ndjkd l%u ks¾foaY lrhs'
f.a nkaOk is`oy, hq;= h'
is; ms<sn| Ndjkdj myiq lrkq jia Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd Ndjkd
újrKh ks¾foaYfha oS isf;ys iajrEm 16 la ms<sn`oj ksÍËKh lsÍug
Wmfoia fokq ,efí' tkï"
fuys osfhka f.dvg oeuQ u;aiHhl= Wmudjg f.k we;af;a isf;ys
we;s blauKska ief,k iajNdjh m%n, f,i wjfndaO lrjkq msKsi 1' ird."
h' fu>sh ysñhka Ndjkdjg f.dia wdrïN l< fudfydf;a mgka 2' ù;rd."
Wka jykafia f.a Ñ;a;h ldu ú;¾lfhka jHdmdo ú;¾lhg o 3' ifodai"
jHdmdo ú;¾lfhka úysxid ú;¾lhg o jy jyd udre jQfha ta 4' ù;fodai"
kshduh wkqjh' 5' ifuday"
6' ù;fuday"
wNsO¾u msglh isf;ys ksrka;rfhka isÿjk l%shd ldß;ajh b;d 7' ixÅ;a;"
iQËau f,i idlÉPd fjhs' ndysr W;af;aclhla u.ska iïndê; 8' úlaÅ;a;"
jk ;=re Njx. wjia:dfjys mj;akd is;" W;af;acl u.ska 9' uy.a.;"
p,khg m;a fjhs' weig rEmhla wdm: .ukh jQ úg Njx.h 10' wuy.a.;"
p,kh ù WmÉfPo fjhs' bka miq mxpoajdrdj¾ckh isÿ fjhs' 11' i W;a;r"
plaLq ú[a[dKh we;s jkafka bka miqj h' ñka miq tu rEmh 12' wkq;a;r"
ms<sn`oj is; úiska .kq ,nk wkql%ñl ixcdkk l%shdj,sh wNsO¾u 13' iudys;"
.%ka:j, ishqïj újrKh lr we;s w;r cjka is;a j,oS lu_h 14' wiudys;"
isÿjk wdldrh o meyeos,s lr we;' 15' úuq;a;"
16' wúuq;a;' jYfhks'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 9

leue;s wruqKl jefgk iq¨ jQ is; oukh lsÍu hym;s' oukh l< ^yslau jQ& is; iem t<jkafka fjhs'

35' ÿkaks.a.yiai ,yqfkd wmyiqh oukh

h;a: lduksmd;sfkd blauka h tys p,kh
Ñ;a;iai ouf:d idOq ßis ßis ;ek k;r lrk
Ñ;a;x oka;x iqLdjyx ^3(3& fohla fjhs fï Ñ;a;h
lf<da;ska oukh
w;afõh bka iqj fi;

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ixjr is; - f.k fohs fi;
3 ^2& tla ysñkul f.a j; ^35 .d:dj&

Nd
fial'
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tla;rd NsËq kula wern fï .d:dj jod<
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foõrï fjfyrg wdmiq wdfõ h' ;ukag ud;sldrdufha
jikakg neß nj;a" Wmdisldj mris;a okakd fyhska
;u isf;ys wl=i, is;=ú,a,la Wmkfyd;a weh
jrla NsËQka jykafia,d yeg kula nqÿrÿka fj;ska oek .ks;ehs ìhla we;s jQ fyhska wdmiq wd nj;a
l¾uia:dk ,nd f.k l`ÿ mduqf,l msysá ud;sl kï Wkajykafia nqÿ iñ`ÿkag ie< lr isáh y' —NsËqj
.ug .sh y' tys oS .ïm;shd f.a ìß`o jQ ud;slud;d Tn l< hq;af;a Tfí is; /l .ekSu muKla fkd
kï ;eke;a;sh Wkajykafia,dg oka ms<s.ekajQjd h' fõ o@˜hs Wmfoia ÿka nqÿ mshdfKda —hkak" wdmiq
ta .fï u jia ld,h .; lrkakehs werhqï l< ´" ta ud;sl.duhg u hkak' fjk lsisjla .ek fkdis;d
i`oyd wdrduhla o bos lrjQjd h' yqfola Ndjkdj .ek u is;kak˜ hs wjjdo l< y'
Wmdisldj o wdmiq meñKs NsËqjg fmr ysñjreka
fï w;r tla oskla —ug;a Ndjkd W.kajkak˜ hs ´ g fukau ne;sis;ska ish`M myiqlï i,id ÿkakd h'
f;dfuda NsËQka jykafia,df.ka b,a,d isáhd h' Wka miq;eú,a,lska f;drj iqjfia úoiqka jevQ NsËqku
jykafia,d o YÍrfha wiqNh olsñka fo;sia l=Kmh fkd fnda osklska u ry;a M,h ,eî h'
ms<sn`oj Ndjkd lrk wdldrh wehg m%.=K lrjQ y'
´ f;dfuda o wm%udoSj njqka jvd blauKska u ud._-M, újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^35 jk .d:dj&
;=kla u ,nd .;a;d h' ta yd u wehg f,!lsl Roaê
o úoiqka kqjK o ,eìK' ÿkaks.a.yiai ,yqfkd h;a: lduksmd;sfkd Ñ;a;iai
ouf:d idOq oka;x Ñ;a;x iqLd jyx
ud._M, ,nd ish osjeiska NsËQka jykafia,d f.a
wê.u .ek iïu¾Ykh l< ´ f;dfuda Wkajykafia,d ÿkaks.a.yiai( md,kh lsÍu b;d wmyiq¦ ,yqfkd(
;ju;a ud._ M, ,nd ke;s nj oel ta i`oyd we;s blauka mej;=ï we;s¦ h;a: lduksmd;sfkd( leu;s
wvqmdvq ljf¾oehs úuid n,d ta myiqlï ie,iqjd ´kEu ;ekl /f|k¦ Ñ;a;iai( is;¦ ouf:d( oukh
h' NsËQka jykafia,d f.a reÑ wreÑ j,g .e<fmk lr .ekSu¦ idOq( hym;a h¦ oka;x( oukh lrk ,o¦
mßos isjqmih ilid oS ish`M Wmia:dk lsÍu u.ska Ñ;a;x( is;¦ iqLd jyx( iem f.k fohs'
Wkajykafia,dg o jyd wê.u ,nd .kakg bv
ie,iSu weh f.a wruqK úh' tys m%;sM,h jQfha is; w;sYhska u ixlS¾K fyhska oukh wiSreh' th
fkd fnda l,lskau ish,q ysñjreka w¾y;a M,fhys YS>%fhka fjkia fjñka leu;s leu;s wruqKqj,
msysàuhs' jia ld,h wjidkfha NsËQka jykafia /f`ohs th oukh lr .; fyd;a iqjodhl h'
yeu fok fÊ;jkdrduhg f.dia Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia neyeÿg y' ;uka g .e<fmk m%;H myiqj újrKh
ud;slud;dj úiska ie,iQ whqre o fyd`o iqjfhka
ÿkaks.a.yiai( h;a: lduksmd;sfkd( oukhg wmyiqlu yd ;ud
myiqfjka jia ld,h .; lr meñKs nj o ie, lr m%sh lrk ´kEu wruqKla .ekSu isf;ys m%Odk ,ËK folla f,i
isáh y' ud;slud;dj ;u is;e.s ukdj oek ;uka fuys oelafjhs' is; ;rï fõ.fhka l%shd lrk fjk;a fohla ke;s
m%sh l< wdldrhg u odk udkdosh iQodkï l< nj o ;rñ' tfyhska th .%yKh lr .ekSu wmyiq h' is; hï wruqKla
mejiQ y' lrd hdu kj;d .ekSu Wiiau wdOHd;añl YsËKhlska hqla;
W;a;uhl=g ñi wmyiq h' úfYaIfhka u idudkH mD:.ackfhda
Ñ;a; fõ.hkag wjk; fj;s' Ñ;a; fõ. iu. wkkh fkd ù" Bg
fï ish,a,g ijka ÿka tla;rd NsËq kula —ud;a k;= fkd ù" tAjd y`ÿkd.kakg iu;a ùu wjYH h' tajd we;sjk
ud;slud;djka f.a mkai,g hd hq;=h˜ hs bgd .;af;a whqre yd ke;sjk whqre ksÍËKh Ndjkdjla fjhs'
h' ta wkqj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka Ndjkd lu_
ia:dk ,nd .;a Wkaajykafia tys .sh y' is;= mßosu
ud;slud;dfjda Wkajykafia f.a is;eÕs oek ish,a,
ilid ms<s.ekajQ y' weh meñfK;fyd;a uekjehs ysñ
ku is;k úg ´ wdjdh' hï wdydrhla .ek is;+ úg
th o iemhqjd h' fuhska úiauhg m;a ysñ ku —Tng
wkqkaf.a is;a oek .kakg Yla;sh ;sfíoe˜ hs úuiqjd
h' thg Rcqj ms<s;=re kqÿka Wmdisldj —is;a oek.;
yels Woúh ta ta is;eÕs wkqj jev lr;s˜ hs muKla
mejiqjd h' flfia jqj o" —fï Wmdisldj mris;a
okakS h' ud mD:.ack fyhska uf.a isf;ys wmsßisÿ
is;=ú,s we;s jqjfyd;a tajd o fu;=ñh oek .kakSh˜ hs
;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 11
 kqjKe;a;d fkd oelal yels jQ b;d ishqï jQ is; /l .kS' ta iem ,eîug fya;= fõ'

36' iqÿoaoix iqksmqKx oelau wudrehs ;shqKqhs

h;a: lduksmd;skx is; ßis ;ekaj, kj;shs
Ñ;a;x rlafL: fuOdù kqjKe;a;d th iqrlshs
Ñ;a;x .=;a;x iqLdjyx ^3(4& /l .;a is; iqj f.k ths'

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 /l .;a is; iqj f.k fohs
3 ^3& Wlg,S jQ NsËqkul f.a l;dj ^36 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev jik iufhys isgqjrhl=

f.a mq;% ;reK NsËqkula meúos Ôú;fhys
l<lsÍu ksñ;s lrf.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï
wudrejla ke;' ud wdmiq .sys f.org hd hq;= h'˜
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta NsËqj wu;d —uyK" Tn
Wlg,S jQjd fkdfõ oe˜ hs úuiQ y' —tfia h" iajdóks"
.d:dj foaYkd l< y' uu ÿlska ñoSu msKsi meúos úñ' tfy;a fuys w;la
mhla fid,jkakgj;a ksoyila ke;' ug .sys f.hs
nqÿrÿka ieje;a kqjr jik iufhys tla isgqjrhl= isg;a ÿlska ñoS .; yels fjhs˜ hkq NsËq kuf.a
f.a ;reK mq;%fhla ;u ksjig ms~q isÕd meñKs ms<s;=r úh'
ysñ kula wu;d fufia lSfõ j' —iñ`ÿks" uu ÿlska
ñfokakg leue;af;ñ' ug ta i`oyd ud._h meyeos,s —uyK" Tng tlla rlskakg yels fjhs kï fiiq
l< uekú'˜ ta weiQ ysñku Tyqg —Tng hym;la lsisjla rlskakg Wjukd fkd fõ˜ hs nqÿyq jod<
u fõjd isgq mq;%h' ÿlska ñfokakg wjYH kï" oka y' —ta l=ula o" iñ÷ks@˜ —Tng is; /l .; yels
fokak' msKavmd;h" wv uilg jrla fok odkh" o@˜ —ug yels fjhs iajdóks"˜ tfia kï Tfí is; /l
jia odkh wdoS oka fokak' jeis ld,hg mkai,a lrjd .kak˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wjjdo l< y'
fokak' isjq mih msßkukak' Tfí foam< ;=kg fnod
tla fldgilska jHdmdr lrkak' ;j fldgilska újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^36 jk .d:dj&
wUqore fmdaIKh lrkak' b;sß fldgi mskalï i`oyd
fhdojkak'˜ iqÿoaoix iqksmqKx hF: lduksmd;skx Ñ;a;x fuOdú
rlafL: .=;a;x Ñ;a;x iqLdjyx
—hym;s" ysñhks˜ hs mejiQ isgq mq;%hd Wkajykafia
ÿka Wmfoia wkqj u l%shd lf<a h' ta ish,a, ms<smeo
ksu l< fyf;u —iajdóks" ;j;a ud l< hq;= hula iqÿoaoix( oel .ekSu w;sYhska u ÿIalr jQ¦
;sfí oe˜ hs m%Yak lf<a h' —tfia kï ;reKh" iqksmqKx( w;sYhska u iQËau jQ¦ hF: lduksmd;skx(
;sirK-mkais,a iudokaj rlskak˜ hs wjjdo lrk ßis ßis yeu ;ek /f`okakd jQ¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦
,oS' ál l,la tfia l< isgq mq;%hd —fuhg;a jeä fuOdú( kqjKe;a;d¦ rlafL:( /l .; hq;af;a h¦
hula lrkakg we;aoe˜hs úuid isáfha h' —tfia h˜ hs .=;a;x( wdrËd lr.;a¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ iqLdjyx( iem
mejiQ ysñku —oi is,a iudoka jkak˜ hs wjjdo lf<a f.k tkafka h'
h' th o ms<s.;a isgq mq;%hd oiis,a wdrlaId lsÍug
mgka .;af;a h' Tyq fufia tlska tl" mshjßka mshjr is; oel .ekSu w;sYhska u ÿIalrh' tys l%shd
mqKH lghq;=j, ksr; ùu fya;=fjka Tyqg zwkqmqínZ ldß;ajh b;d ishqï h' th leu;s leu;s wruqKq j,
hk ku o fhosKs' B<Õ j;dfõ —iñ`ÿks" ud l=ula /f`ohs' tn`ÿ jQ is; [dKjka;hka úiska /l .;
lrkakoe˜ hs úuiQ úg ,enqkq ms<s;=r jQfha —oeka Tn hq;= h' /l .;a is; iem f.k ths'
meúosjkak˜ hkak h'
újrKh
NsËQka jykafia f.a wjjdoh mßos .sys iqj yer
oud fyf;u meúos ìug t<eUqfKa h' meúos jQ iqÿoaoix iqksmqKx( ÿ¾oY nj yd iQËauFjh isf;ys ,ËK folls'
is; w;s úYauh ckl ldhH_hka rdYshla lrk kuq;a th oel .;
miq Wkajykafiag wNsO¾uh ms<sn`o úfYaI{ jQ fkd yels' tfy;a tu is; krl wruqKq lrd hd fkdoS /l.;
wdpd¾hhka jykafia kula o úkh ms<sn| úfYaI{jQ yels kï" th uy;a ,dNhls'
WmdOHdh kula o ,eìKs' Wmiïmodj ,;a miq
wdpdhH_hka jykafia neye olskakg hk yeu
wjia:dfõ u Tyqg wNsO¾uhg wkql+, O¾u újrK
wikakg ,efí' —wNsO¾uhg wkqj fï fï úoshg
yeiSßu WÑ;h' fï fï úoshg Ôj;a ùu wkqÑ;h'
fufia lrkak' fufia fkd lrkak'˜ wdoS WmfoaY
rdYshla ,efí' ;u WmdOHhhka jykafia yuqjg hk
yeu úg u wikakg ,efnkafka —úkhg wkqj fï fï
foa wlemh' fï fï foa lemh' Tn fï fï foa l<
hq;=h' fï fï foa fkd l< hq;=h jeks Wmfoia h'˜
ld,hd f.a wejEfuka ysñkug fufia is;sK' —fï
fudk lrorhla o@ ud meúos jQfha ÿlska ñoSu msKsi h'
tfy;a oeka ug w;la mhla fyd<jkakgj;a ksoyila
ke;' .sys f.or jdih lrñka jqj;a ÿlska ñoSug
;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 13
 fndfyda ÿr osfjk" .uka we;s" ;ksj yeisfrk is; /l.kakdyq ur ne`ÿfuka ñfo;a'

37' ¥rÙ.ux tlprx ÿr .uka hk" ;ksj yeisfrk

wiÍrx .=ydihx ke;sj isrerla" .=yd ksjik
fh Ñ;a;x i[a[fuiaika;s lf<da;ska is; hfula ixjr
fudlaLka;s udrnkaOkd ^3(5& ì`o yßhs fya udr Wjÿr

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l< is; ixjr - ke; ur Wjÿr
3 ^4& ix>rCÅ; ysñhka f.a l:d jia;=j ^37 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev

fjfiñka ix>rCÅ; ysñhka f.a nEKd jQ
Nd.sfkhH ix>rCÅ; ysñ wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd
Wkajykafia —is;" wE; ÿr mj;akd fohla jqj is;Sfï
Yla;sh we;a;la nj;a" tu is; flf<ia neïfuka uqod
.ekSu msKsi oeä m%h;akhla oeßh hq;= nj;a meyeos,s
l< y' l< y' fuys tk .d:dj foaYkd lrkq wid isá ;reK
ysñ ku fidajdka M,fhys msysáfha h'
ieje;a kqjr ix>rCÅ; kñka tla fcHIaG ysñ kula
úiQ y' Wkajykafia f.a ifydaoßhg Wmka mq;dg újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^37 jk .d:dj&
ix>rCÅ; ysñhka f.a ku u f.!rjh msKsi ;nk
,oS' tfyhska fya Nd.sfkhH ix>rCÅ; kñka m%lg ¥rÙ.ux tlprx wiÍrx .=ydihx Ñ;a;x fh
úh' jeäúhg m;a jQ miq Tyq o meúos lrjk ,oS' i[a[fuiaika;s ^f;& udrnkaOkd fudlaLka;s'
ish .fuys u wdrdufha jev úiQ z;reK ix>rCÅ;
ysñhkg jrla isjqre folla msßlr jYfhka ,eìKs'
¥rÙ.ux( ÿr .uka hk¦ tlprx( ;ksj yeisfrk¦
bka tlla ;u ududg mQcd lrkq ßis jQ fyf;u jia wiÍrx( YÍrhla ke;s¦ .=ydihx( ks,Skj isák¦
ld,h wjidkfha Wkajykafia fidhd f.dia th Ñ;a;x( is;¦ fh( hfula¦ i[a[fuiaika;s( ixjr
ms<s.ekaù h' tfy;a" ;ukag we;s muK isjqre ;sfí lr .ks;a o¦ ^f;( Tjqyq&¦ udrnkaOkd( udrhd f.a
hhs mejiQ ix>rCÅ; ysñfhda th fkd ms<s.;a y' neïfuka¦ fudlaLka;s( ñfo;s'
kej; kej; fm/;a; l< o ms<s.kq fkd ,eìK'
fuhska n,j;a l<lsÍug m;a Nd.sfkhH ix>rCÅ;
ysñfhda ;uka ms¥ msßlrla ms<s.kakg ;rï j;a ÿr .uka hk" ;ksj yeisfrk" YÍrhla ke;s .=ma; jQ
ldreKsl;ajhla fkd ,en meúoafoa úiSfuka ljr fï is; ixjr lr .kakg hul=g yels kï urejd f.a
m%fhdackhla oehs is;ñka isjqre yer oud wdmiq .sys neïu jQ ixidrfhka ñfokakg Tjqkg yels fjhs'
Ôú;hg hkakg ßis jQ y'
újrKh
tu is;=ú,a, yd u is;=ú,s je,la Wkajykafia f.a
is;g .,d wdfõ h' —isjqre yer f.dia fï isjqr ¥rÙ.ux tlprx wiÍrx .=ydihx( ñksia ukfiys ;j;a wmQ¾j
,ËK lsysmhla fï .d:dfjka wmg y`ÿkajd fokq ,efí' f,dj
úl=Kd ta uqo,ska t¿ fokl ñ,g .ksñ' weh megjqka ljr ;eklg jQj o ËKhlska hdfï yelshdj is;g we;'
ìys lrkq we;' l%ufhka hula lula tl;= jQ miq thg YÍrhla ke;' talpdÍ nj hkafkka woyia lrkafka tla
uu újdyhla lr .ksñ' uf.a ìß`o mq;l= ,nd ÿka laIKhloS is;kq ,nkafka tla wruqKla .ek muKla nj h'
úg ìß`o;a mq;d;a lr;a;hl kxjdf.k udud jQ wiÍrx hkafkka thg wjldYh ;=< fN!;sl YÍrhlg fuka bv
ix>rCÅ; ysñhka n,kakg hñ' u.oS uu orejd jvd lvla wkjYH nj yeÕfõ' Ñ;a;h l%shdldß;ajhla ñi øjHhla
fkdjk fyhsks' .=ydihx fyj;a ks,Skj ieÕù isàu hkafkka
.kakg ßis fjñ' uf.a ìß`o —Tn lr;a;h olalkak' th iam¾Y lsÍug fyda mxp bkaøshdkqidÍj meyeiSug fidhd.;
orejd uu n,d .kafkñ˜ hs lshkjd we;' uu orejd fkd yels nj yeÕfõ'
weh f.ka Wÿrd .ksñ' tfy;a orejd ud w;ska jegqK
fyd;aæ lr;a; frdaoh orejd f.a weÕ u;ska hkq
we;' ug oeka flaka;shla ths' túg uu ìß`og flúg
myrla foñ'˜

fï is;=ú,s .,d tkúg Nd.sfkhH ix>rCÅ; ysñhka

isáfha udud jQ ysñhkag mjka i,ñks' uq¿ukska u
is;=ú,s oyfrks fj,S isá fya ìß`og flúá myr foñ
hhs is;d mjka i,k wjdfkka ududg myrla .eiS h'
mris;a oekSfuys olaIj isá ix>rCÅ; f;rKqfjda —
ìß`og flúá myr fokakg neß jqKq ksid uy¨ ysñ
kulg myr ÿkakd fkd fõ o@˜ hs m%Yak l< y' thska
úiauhg fuka u ìhg o m;a ;reK NsËqj mek osjqfõ
h' tfy;a wdrdufhys úiQ ;reK idufKar ysñjre
Tyq w,a,d .;a y' wjidkfha oS ;reK ix>rCÅ; ysñ
nqÿrÿka yuqjg muqKqjk ,oS'

fï isoaêh nqÿrcdKka jykafiag oekqï ÿka miq

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 15
 fkd ;sr" ioyï fkd o;a" bmsf,k ^mek mek hk& is;e;s ieoeye;a;dg kqjK fkd jefâ'

38' wkjÜÀ;Ñ;a;iai ke; fyd;a is; ù ;yjqre

ioaOïux wúcdkf;d oyu;a lr ke;akï yqre
mßma,jmidoiai ief,k ieoeye we;s ta wh
m[a[d k mßmQr;s ^3(6& m%{dfjka fkdufj;s ire

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is; ks;s ief,f;d;a - kqjK;a fkd jefv;a
3 ^5& Ñ;a;y;a: ysñhka f.a l:d jia;=j ^38 iy 39 .d:d&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih l< Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia Ñ;a;y;a: kï ysñkula wern fï
.d:d hq.auh foaYkd l< fial'
f.dia meúos úh' kej; o ál osklska isrer m%ikakj
uy;aj m%uqos; jQ úg —l=ug fï meúos Ôú;fha ysßyer
ú¢ñ o@—hs is;d h<s;a .sysf.g wdfõ h' .sysf.hs
uykais ù jev lrk Tyqg isrer h<s;a jeyeÍ fjfyi
ieje;a kqjr jeo.;a mjq,l Wmka .j md,l oefkk úg h<s;a meúos Ôú;fha ñysr u;la úh'
;reKfhla ke;sjqKq .jhl= fidhd jkhg msúisfha h<s;a fya wdrduh lrd f.dia meúos úh' fufia jßka
h' Tyq tys fuys weúo ÿlfia .jhd fidhd .kakd úg jr wdY%ufhka .sysf.hg;a" .sys f.hska wdY%uhg;a
uOHdyakh úh' .uka fjfyi yd ysre riakh ksid udrejk Tyq f.a phH_dj ÿgq wfkl=;a ysñjre —fuf;u
mSä;j issá Tyqg oeä l=i .skakla oeksK' msmdih o is; úiska fufyhkq ,nhs˜ hs mjiñka zÑ;a;yF:Z kï
n,.;= h' flfia wyrla fidhd .ksñoehs is;+ Tyqg l< y'
jk.; wdrdufha njqka jvk f;rjreka isysm;a úh'
Wkajykafia,d f.ka lEug hula ,nd .; yels fj;shs ks;r ks;r ksjig;a wdrduhg;a udrefjñka jik
is;+ fyf;u tys .sfha h' ta jk úg NsËQka jykafia,d w;r;=r Ñ;a;y;a: f.a ìß| .eì .;a;d h' Tyq
oka j<`od ksu j ;sìK' ;j;a wdydr b;sßj bj; ksjig wdmiq tk tla oskl ìß| fudard .sh .eí
,kakg ierfik fudfydf;a Tyq tys wd fyhska Tyq we;sj wef|ys ksod isáhd h' weh f.a we¢|j;a ,sys,aj
f.a ÿCÅ; iajrEmh ÿgq NsËQyq wkqlïmdfjka Tyq ;sìK' uqj whd f.k ksod isá weh f.a uqúka fl<
weu;+ y' —Tng l=i.sks mdghs' fï wdydr leu;s mßos je.sfrñka mej;sK' .eí .ekSu ksid bosó ;snqK w;
N=la;s ú`oskak˜hs TjQyq mejiQ y' ^Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mh Tyq ;=< rd.h fjkqjg cq.=maidjla cks; lf<a h'
OrudK iufhys ieoeyej;=ka ks¾f,daNSj odk udkdosh
iemhQ fyhska wjYH;djg;a jvd ,eîu isß;la úh'& —meúosjk yeu j;djl u ueh f.a rE imqj .ek is;d
we;s muK rij;a wyßka iekiqKq ;reK f;u oE;a uu .sys f.g weÿfKñ' ta iqkaor;ajhg l=ula ù o@
fidaod meka î iqjm;aj —iñ÷ks" wo uyd odkuh fuf,dj ish¿ úis;=re ;djld,sl h' ish,a, wks;Hh'
mqKHl¾uhlg jevu l<d o@˜ hs weiS h' —ke;" meúos Ôú;fha iuDoaêhla ,nkakg ud wiu;a jQfha fï
Wmdilh" oskm;d wmg odhlfhda odkh /f.k t;s˜ i;Hh mila fkd l< ksid fkd fõ o@˜ hs is;+ fyf;u
hs ysñjre ms<s;=re ÿka y' ly isjqr h<s;a n|jgd T;d f.k blauka .uKska
wdrduhg hkq msKsi kslauqfKa h'
;reKhd ysñjrekaf.ka th úfYaI oskhl msfok
idx>sl odkuh mqKH lu_hl wjfYaIh oehs úuid isjqr;a bfKa T;df.k mkai, foig ÿjk nEKd oel
isáfha tosk wdydrh t;rï u m%KS; jQ fyhsks' úiauhg m;a Tyq f.a ìß|f.a uj fï yosis l,lsÍug
oskm;d ,efnk idudkH odkh tfia u m%KS; nj fya;=j oek.kq jia ksji ;=<g msúi ;u oshKsh f.a
oek.;a úg Tyqg fufia is;sK' —wms oskm;d flfiaa kskao oel lreKq f;areï .;a;d h' oshKsh msìojQ ´
fyda fjfyi uykais ù Wmhuq' tfy;a fu;rï ri —Tn ksod.;a ms<sl=,a iy.; iajNdjh oel Ñ;a;y;a:
fndÿka j<|ñka iqjfia jikakg wmg yelshdjla wdmiq .shd' .sh úosfhka kï ug ysf;kafka wdmiq tk
ke;' l=ug ÿla ú¢ñka uykais fjuq o@ meúos jqj tlla kE lsh,hs˜ mejiqjd h' —wïud l,n, fjkak
fyd;a oji .dfKa ri wyr j<|ñka myiqfjka tmd' thd f. yeá uu okakjd' ;j ál ojilska
úish yel' uu o meúos fjñ˜ tfia is;+ fya NsËQka wdmiq ths'˜ mejiQ oshKsh kej; kskaog jegqKd h'
jykafia,d wu;d —iajdóka jykai" uu meúosjkq
leue;af;ñ˜ hs mejiSh' —hym;s" Wmdilh" wms Tn újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^38 jk .d:dj&
meúos lruq˜ hs mejiQ ysñjre Tyq meúos l< y'
wkjÜÀ; Ñ;a;iai ioaOïux wúcdkf;d
meúos jQ fyf;u wdrdufhys j;dj;a wdosh lrñka ál mßma,jmidoiai m[a[d k mßmQr;S'
oskla meúos oï msÍ h' jeä fjfyila ke;sj iqjfia
m%KS; fNdack j<|ñka úiQ fyhska ta ál ld,h ;=< wkjÜÀ; Ñ;a;iai( ia:djr fkd jQ ii, is;e;s¦
fya mshlrej" ldh Yla;sh jeã iqjm;a njg m;a úh' ioaOïux( ioaO¾uh¦ wúcdkf;d( fkd okakd¦
;u YÍrfha m%ikak m%uqos; nj oel —meúos Ôú;fhka mßma,jmidoiai( pxp, jk meyeoSu we;s
we;s M, lsu@ uu kej; .sys f.g hñ˜ hs isjqre yer ;eke;a;d f.a¦ m[a[d( kqjK¦ k mßmQr;s( jO_kh
oud ish ksjig u .sfha h' tfy;a kej; iqmqreÿ fkd fõ'
mßos isrer fjfyid jev lrk úg fkdfnda osklska
u Tyq f.a issrer lDYj .sfha h' fmr jQ myka nj hï lsis mqoa.,hl= f.a is; ks;r pxp, fõ kï"
ySk úh' —fufia ÿla ú| fjfyfikafka l=ug o@ uu Ou_djfndaOh u`o fyhska m%idoh ks;r wvq jeä fõ
h<s;a meúos jkafkñ˜ hs is;= fya kej; NsËQka fj; kï" tjekakyq f.a m%{dj jO_kh fkd fõ'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 17

 rd.fhka fkd f;;a jQ fldamfhka oeä fkdjQ is;a we;s" mska mõ ÿ/¨ ry;=kg flf<ia ìh ke;'

39' wkjiaiq; Ñ;a;iai flf<iqka f.ka is; fkd f;uqKq

wkkajdy; fÉ;fid ffjr lsÍfuka fkd ;e¿Kq
mq[a[mdmmySKiai mska - mjq folu;a ÿre l<
k;aÓ cd.rf;d Nhx ^3(7& wh nh ke;s fj;s msìÿKq

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is; msìÿKq wh - ÿre lr ,;s nh'
3 ^5& Ñ;a;y;a: ysñhka f.a l:d jia;=j ^38 iy 39 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

Ñ ;a;y;a: f.a isf;ys we;s jQ cq.=maidj b;d

oeä úh' u. osf.a u Tyq is;ñka .sfha —f,dj
ish,a, ;djld,slh" wks;H h' ta yeuflla u ÿl h'˜
újrKh

wkjÜÀ;Ñ;a;( hkafkka idudkH mqoa.,hka f.a ;ekam;a fkd jQ

is; woyia fjhs' Tjqka f.a is; tald.% ke;' iudê.; ke;' tn`ÿ
hkqfjks' th Tyqg Ndjkdjla úh' uÕoS u fyf;u pxp, is;la we;a;yqg wdhH_ ud._fha bosß .uk ksh; ke;'
fidajdka M,h ,oafoa h' wdrduhg .sh fya —ud kej;
meúos l< uekúZZ hs b,a,d isáh o NsËQyQ Bg leu;s ioaOïux wúcdkf;d( hkafkka ;:d.;hka jykafia f.a W;=ï
fkd jQ y' —fï wka;su jdrhhs' fujr wdmiq fkd Ou_h fkdokakd mqoa.,hd
hñ' wka;su j;djg ud meúos lrkak˜ hs kej; mßma,jmidoiai( kï Y%oaOdj ks;r ks;r wvq jeä jk njhs' jßka
kej; wdhdpkd l< úg" Tyq wdrdufha l=ÿ uy;a jr meyeoSu fjkia lr .kakd úg Ys>% yd iunr m%.;shla ,nd
lghq;= ie,ls,af,ka lrk nj fufkys l< ysñjre .ekSu ÿIalr fjhs'
É;a;y;a: h<s;a meúos l< y'
wkjiaiq;Ñ;aa;( kï rd.fhka is; f;;a fkd jQ njhs' th W;=ï
.=Khls' is; ;=<g .xj;=rla .,d tk mßoafoka rd.h .,d taug
osk lSmhla .; j;au Ñ;a;y;a: njqka jvd bv we;' tfia isÿ jkafka rEm Yío .dkaOdosh úIfhys olajk
Roaêm%d;sydhH_ mEfï Yla;sh o we;s uy ry;akula m%;spdr fya;=fjks'
njg m;a jQfha h' Ñ;a;yF: ysñhka Wmeúos ùula
.ek fkdis;d os.g u meúoafoa /`oS isákq ÿgq wkkajdy;fÉ;fid( rd. oafõIdosfhka fkd uevqKq is; wkkajdy;
úydrjdiS ysñjre úiauhg m;aj —Ñ;a;y;a:" ljqodo is;hs' fun`ÿ laf,aYhka f.ka is; ¥Is; fkd jQ úg th hym;
i`oyd fhoeúh yels h'
Tn f.or hkafka@ Tng u ysf;kak ´k fkao@ fujr
kï yqÕla È. ld,hla fufyu ysáhd fka o@˜ hs k;aÓ cd.rf;d Nhx( ksr;=rej mQ¾K wjoslu hkafkka fuys
m%Yak l< y' —ysñjreks" f,!lsl wdYdj,ska fj,S isá woyia jkafka is;g n,mEï l< yels laf,aY ms<sn`o wjoslñka
ojiaj, uu tfyu .shd' oeka uu ta wdYd ÿre lr,d isàuhs' ksos fkd,nd isàu;a zcd.rf;dZ hkafkka woyia fkd
oeka b;ska f.or hk woyila keye˜ hs Ñ;a;y;a: lefrk nj u;l ;nd .; hq;= h' ioaOd" úßh" i;s" iudê yd
m%{d hk .=Kdx. m[aplh ksr;=rej mj;akd fyhska wjoslñka
ysñfhda ms<s;=re ÿka y' isàu hehs mejfihs'

Ñ;a;y;a: ysñhka nqÿrÿka fj; le|jd f.k .sh mq[a[mdm mySKiai - mqKH yd mdm hk ixl,am blaujd isàu
NsËQka jykafia Wkajykafia wu;d fufia lS y' hkafkka ;u fyd`o l%shd jqj;a Njh ;=<oS úmdl ,nd .ekSfï
—nqÿrcdKka jykai" wms fï Ñ;a;y;a:g fufia lSuq' n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka l%shd fkd lsÍu woyia fjhs' fuh b;d
W;alDIag jQ wdpdr O¾óh WfmaËdjls' wd;au úrys; WfmaËdjls'
Wkajykafia fufia ms<s;=re ÿkay' ;uka flf<iqkaf. okaoSu flfrys fyda oka ms<s.kakd ms<sn|j fyda §ukdj ms<sn|j
ka ñÿKq njla Wkajykafia yeÕjqj;a th we;a; úh fyda lsisu yeÕSula ;nd fkd .; hq;= h' ry;ka jykafia
fkdyel˜ tfy;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" mqk¾ckauh we;s lrjk il, úO mqKH-mdm l%shdj,ska u
u mq;Kqjka f.a is; ii,j mej;s nj ienE h' úk¾uqla; h'
ioaO¾uh wjfndaO fkdjQ ;dla fyf;u .sfha h' wdfõ
ry;a jykafia,d f.a l%shd mqKH fyda mdm .Khg fkd jefÜ'
h' tfy;a oeka fyf;u mqKH mdm folskau úuqla; Wkajykafia wl¾uKH njla ñka woyia jkafka ke;' Wkajykafia
jQfha h'˜ hs jod< fial' il%sh h' tfy;a ta ish¨ l%shd wd;aud¾:ldufhka f;drj yqÿ
wkHhkaf.a hym; u wruqKq lr f.k lrkq ,nk foah'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^39 jk .d:dj& idudkHfhka tajd fyd`o jev jQj o ;ukag m%;sM, oSu ms<sn`o
w¾:fhka .;a úg M,odhS Yla;sfhka f;drh' ry;ka jykafiag
w;S; lu_ úmdl fok nj ienE jqj o j¾;udk lu_ /iaùula fkd
wkjiaiq;Ñ;aa;iai wkkajdy;fÉ;fid mq[a[mdm
ue;' ry;ka jykafia f.a phH_dj yqfola zl%shdZ f,i ye`oskafõ'
mySKiai cd.rf;d Nhx k;aÓ' ish¿ Ou_hka f.a h:d¾:h wjfndaO lr.;a Wkajykafia úiska
fya;=-M, pl%h ì| oud we;'
wkjiaiq;Ñ;aa;iai( is; rd.fhka f;;a fkd jQ¦
wkkajdy;fÉ;fid( oafõIfhka fkd flf<iqKq is;a
we;s¦ mq[a[mdm mySKiai( mska mõ fol u ÿre l<
;eke;a;d yg¦ cd.rf;d( wjosfhka isàu fya;=fjka¦
Nhx k;aÒ( ìhla fkd ue;'

is; rd.fhka f;;a lr fkd.;a oafõIfhka m¿ÿ lr

fkd.;a mqKH-mdm folu ÿre l<" ks;r wjosfhka
isák mqoa.,hdg ìhla ke;'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 19

 isrer l<hla fukao" is; kqjrla fuka o f.K kqjK wúfhka flf<ia ure mrojkak'

40' l=ïN+mux ldhñux úos;ajd fï lh ueá l<hla fia oekf.k

k.rEmux Ñ;a;ñox Gfm;ajd fu is;g kqjrla Wmud lrf.k
fhdfO: udrx m[a[dhqfOk m%{d hqOfhka urejd chf.k
ð;[ap rlafL - wksfjifkd ishd ^3(8& oskq foa /l .; hq;= fkd we,S f.k

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ure mrok wú
3 ^6& mkaishhla ysñjreka f.a mqj; ^40 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys NsËQka jykafia

mkaishhla wrnhd ;:d.;hka jykafia fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
bux ldhx( fï lh¦ l=ïN+mux úos;ajd( l<hlg
Wmud fldg f;areï f.k¦ box Ñ;a;x( fï is;¦
k.rEmux( k.rhlg Wmud fldg¦ Gfm;ajd(
is; ;nd f.k¦ m[a[dhqfOk( m%{dj keu;s
ieje;a kqjr NsËQka jykafia,d mkaish kula wdhqOfhka¦ udrx( udrhdg¦ fhdfO:( myr fokak¦
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj;ska lu_ia:dk ,nd f.k ð;x( ch.%yKh fldg¦ rlafL( /l .kak¦
tys isg fhdÿka ishhla muK ÿßka msysá ia:dkhlg wksfjifkd( nkaOkh jk ;ekla ke;sj¦ ishd(
msg;aj .sh y' tys jQ Ndjkdkqfhda.Skg .e<fmk jk jikak'
,eyenl kjd;eka .;a y' tu jkfhys ;=re ,;djka
ys rela foaj;dfjda NsËQka jykafia,d tys ji;a kï fï YÍrh l<hla fia is;kak' is; k.rhlg
;u wUq orejka iu. tys úiSu wfhda.Hhehs is;ñka Wmud lr.kak' m%{dj wdhqOh jYfhka f.k ure
;=reu;ska ìug ng y' Tjqka is;=fõ NsËQka tod rd;%sh mrojkak' oskd .;a foa /l .kak' lsisjlg we¨ï
muKla tys jikq we; hkqfjks' tfy;a fo i;shla ne֕ fkd lrkak'
hk ;=re;a NsCIQka tys u úiQ fyhska Wkajykafia,d
uq`M jia ld,hu tys .; lrkakg bv we;ehs Tjqyq újrKh
f;areï .;a y' tfia jqjfyd;a Tjqkag yd wUq orejkg
os.= l,la ìu jikakg isÿjkq we;' tfyhska NsËQka l=ïN+mux( ukqIH YÍrh l<hla fuka ìf|k iq¿" kefik iq¿
nj is;kakg NsËQka jykafia,dg wjjdo lr we;'
ìh fldg m<jd yßkakg ;SrKh lr fyd,auka yd
úúO Nhdkl Yío wdosh lrkakg mgka .;a y' Ñ;a;x k.rEmux( is; n, fldgq m%dldr wdosfhka hqla; k.rhla
f,i olajd we;' n, fldgqjl úfYaI ,ËKh ta ;=< w.kd
ysia ke;s YÍr" YÍr ke;s ysia wdosh oelajQ y' fuhska jia;+ka mej;Su h' uqrldj,a ÿj_, jqjfyd;a ndysr mqoa.,hkag
úhjqq,g m;a NsËQyq ta ia:dkh w;yer nqÿrÿka meñK ta jia;= meyer .; yel' is; o tfia wdrËd lrkq fkd
,enqjfyd;a ndysr n,fõ. ksid ls,sá ùug bv we;'
yuqjg wdmiq .shy' Wka jykafia,d f.a úia;rh
wid isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï ish,a, isÿ jQfha fhdfè: udrx m[a[dhqfOk( m%{dj kï wdhqOfhka urejd iu.
lsis wdrËdjla ke;sj .sh fyhska nj o" ±ka ksis igka lrkak' /l.;a k.rh jQ is;g udr fiakd myr fok úg
wdrCIdjla we;sj hd hq;= nj o mejiQ y' tfia jodrd Ndú; lsÍug we;s tlu wdhqOh m%{djhs' tkï ish¿ O¾uhka
lrKSh fu;a; iQ;%h W.kajd jod< y' jkhg msúfik f.a h:d iajNdjh f;areï .ekSuhs'
fudfydf;a isg wdrduh olajd u fï msß; iÊCOdkh
lrkakehs Tjqkag Wmfoia ,eìK' NsËQyq o ;uka ,o
Wmfoia mßos iQ;%h iÊCOdhkd l< y'

NsËQka jykafia,d fu;a; iQ;% iÊCOdhkh u.ska

foaj;djkg fu;a jvk úg foaj;dfjda o thska
fidïkig m;aj ysßyer lrkq fjkqjg .reire we;sj
NsËq msßi wdorfhka ms<s.;a y' bka miq wm%ikak
Yío fyda fyd,auka olakg fkd ,eìK' fufia hym;a
mßirhla we;s jQ miq NsËqyQ ldh.;d i;s Ndjkdj
jvd YÍrfha wks;H;ajh ukdj f;areï .;a y'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o foõrï fjfyr jev jiñka
u NsËQka jykafia,d f.a m%.;sh úuid n,d ;uka
jykafia Tjqka wìhi fmkS isákakdla fuka Roaêhla
lr jodrd zuyfKks" Tn f;areï .;a mßoafoka u
Yßrh ueá l<hla fuka wks;H h' úkdY jk
iq¨hZZ hs' wkqYdikd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^40 jk .d:dj&

bux ldhx l=ïN+mux úos;ajd box Ñ;a;x k.rEmux

Gfm;ajd m[a[dhqfOk udrx fhdfO: ð;x p
rlafL wksfjifkd ishd'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 21

 fï isrer is; ke;s l, jevlg ke;' or lvla fia fmdf<da u; fydafka h'

41' wÑrx j;zhx ldfhd weo jefgú ñysl; u;

mGúx wêfiiai;s jeä l,a fkd f.diska fï .;
PqoafOd wfm;ú[a[dfKd w;er oeuQ" my jQ is;
ksrF:x j l,sÙ.rx ^3(9& osrE ,S l`ola fuka j;'

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is; ke;s .; - jevlg ke;
3 ^7& mQ;s.;a;;siai ysñhka f.a l;dj ^41 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

;siai kï f;r flkl=ka ksñ;s fldg f.k fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
whx ldfhd( fï YÍrh¦ j;( taldka;fhka¦ wÑrx(
jeä l,a hkakg fmr u¦ wfma; ú[a[dfKd( my jQ
is;a we;sj¦ PqoafOd( bj; ,k ,ÿj¦ ksr;a:x( jevlg
ke;s¦ l,sÙ.rx( osrd.sh ,S fldghla¦ bj( fuka¦
nqÿ mshdKka jykafia fj;ska Ndjkd l¾uia:dk ,nd mGúx( fmdf<dfjys¦ wêfiiai;s( m;s; fjhs'
f.k Y%oaOdfjka yd WfoHda.fhka Ndjkd lrñka
isá ;siai f;rKqfjda ysá yeáfha frda.S jQ y' uq,ska fï isrer fkdfnda l,lskau is; ksreoaOj .sh miq
isrer mqrd l=vd ìì,s u;= ù miqj tajd l%ufhka jevlg ke;s osrd .sh ,S fldghla fuka bj; ouk
úYd, ù mqmqrd .sfha h' isrer mqrd ;=jd, we;s úh' ,ÿj ñys u; m;s; jkq we;'
tajdhska .,k ierj fya;=fjka isjqre fmÕS hkakg
mgka .;af;a h' isrer ÿ.| yukakg mgka .;af;a újrKh
h' YÍrfhka l=Kq .| yuk fyhska Wkajykafiag
wÑrx j;( jeäl,a hkakg fmr iaÓr jYfhka u hk w¾:hs' fï
zmQ;s.;a; ;siaiZ hk ku mjd fhosK' ^mQ;s } l=Kq jQ" .d:dfjka ukqIH YÍrhg w;ajk brKu ukdj olajkq ,efí'
.;a; } weÕ& ksh; jYfhka u th blauKska úkdY ù hkq we;'

osklg fo jrla uyd lreKdfjka f,dj úuid n,k PqoafOd( bj; ,k ,ÿj' wmg ljr ;rï kEoE ys;ñ;=rka"
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a lreKd osjeig mQ;s.;a; wdorKShhka isáh o ñh .sh miq lsisfjla u< isrer /l fkd
.ks;s' th jydu bj; ,kq ,efí'
;siai f;rKqfjda yiq jQ y' mQ;s.;a; ;siai f;rKqjka
ry;a ùug ;rï kqjK fudard isá nj ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka ksr;a:x l,sÙ.rx( bj; ,k ,o isrer osrd .sh ,S fldghla
jykafia —fï f;rKqfjda ish in%yaupdÍka úiska jeks h' thska lsis u m%fhdackhla .; fkd yel' m%dKh ksreoaO
w;yer ouk ,o y' ud yer oeka fudyqg msysgla jQ miq YÍrh ksIaM, h' osrd .sh ,Sh org .; yels jqj;a YÍrh
ke;˜ hs is;+ y' tfia is;d iqj| .| ls<sfhka kslau orgj;a .; fkd yels fyhska YÍrh osrE ,S fldghla ;rï j;a
m%fhdackj;a fkd fõ'
.sksy,a f.hg f.dia f,dl= n÷kla fidaod msßisÿ lr
c,h WKq l< fial' c,h r;a jQ miq Wka jykafia
;siai ysñhka je;sr isá we`o fj;g .sfha tu yssñhka
kdjkq msKsi neyerg .kq msKsi h' ta ÿgq NsËQyq jyd
wjq;a —iajdóks" nqÿrcdKka jykai" wms ta ku neyerg
f.fkuq˜ hs mjid we| msáka u Tijd WKqosh kdk
ldurhg f.k wdy' frda.shd f.a isjqr .<jd WKq
osfhka fidaokakg ie,eiajQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia tajd
fõf,kakg oïujd" frda.shd fj; t<U WKqosfhka
kEjQ y'

frda.S ysñhka lreKdfjka ukdj kdjd msßisÿ lr

ksu jk úg isjqr fõ,S ;sìK" th y|jd w|kh o
WKq j;=frka fia¥ nqÿrcdKka jykafia th o wõfõ
oeuQ y'w`okh úhf,k úg isrer o úh,S ;snqfKd;a
th y`ojd ukdj msßisÿj myka is;a we;sj isá ;siai
f;reka f.a ysi iómfhys jev ys¢ñka Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia ta f;reka weu;+ y' —NsËqj" Tfí YÍrfhka
is; fjka jQ osk .; uq¿ukskau ksIaM, fohla jkafka
h' or fldghla fuka ñys u; jefgkafka h˜ hs Ou_
foaYkd l< y' foaYkdj wjik ;siai f;rKqfjda ry;a
M,fhys msysáh y' ry;a M,h ,;a fkdfnda fõ,djlska
u Wkajykafia msßksjka mE y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^41 jk .d:dj&

whx ldfhd j; wÑrx wfm;ú[a[dfKd PqoafOd

ksr;a:x l,sÙ.rx bj mGúx wêfiiai;s'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 23

 fidr i;=rka lrk úm;lg jvd jrfoys fhÿ is; n,j;a kmqrla lrkafka h'

42' osfid osix hx ;x lhsrd fydfrla fydfrl=g;a i;=frla i;=rl=g;a

fjÍ jd mk fjßkx yuq jQ úg os muqK;s w;s l=ßre úm;a
ñÉPdmKsys;x Ñ;a;x ñiÈgq jeros ms<sfj; fhoejqfjd;a is;;a
mdmsfhd kx ;f;d lfr ^3(10& ,enfokq ksh; fjhs Bg;a jvd úm;a'

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is; fkduÕl fhoejqfjd;a - bka isÿfõ oreKq úm;a
3 ^8& kkao f.damd,hka f.a jia;=j ^42 .d:dj&

flda i, rdcOdksfha tla .ulg jevu l<

wjia:dfjys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
kkao f.damd, ksñ;s lr f.k foaYkd l< y'
m,a fydfrla ;j;a m,a fydfrl=g fyda i;=frla ;j;a
i;=frl=g hï kmqre lula lrhs o Bg;a jeä kmqrla
jeros ud._fhys fhduq l< is; wmg lrhs'

kkao wkd:msKaäl isgdKka f.a .jhka n,d .;a újrKh

f.damd,hd h' /lshdfjka f.damd,hl= jqj o Tyqg
;uka f.a u Okhla o ;sìK' b`o ysg wfkams`vq osfid osix( m,a fydfrla kï oreKq is;e;af;ls' Tyq ;=< i;a
.=K ;sîu wfmaËd l< fkd yel' tn÷ oreKq" ;DIaKd Nß;"
isgdKka f.a ueÿrg hk kkao tysoS Nd.Hj;=ka fyd`o krl fkd okakd fydfrla ;ud n÷u ;j;a fydfrl= ÿgq
jykafia f.ka oyï weiSug o wjia:dj ,oafoa h' ;u úg Tyq urd oukakg fm<fUkq we;' tlsfkld flf¾ wdid;
ksjig jevu lrk fia kkao Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ne|.;a i;=rka fofokl= yuq jQ úg wfmaËd l< yelafla o tn÷u
wdrdOkh lf<a h' iqÿiq wjia:dfõoS meñfKkafkuehs ;;a;ajhls' fï .d:dfjka olajkq ,nkafka fkd uÕ .sh is; wmg
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tys jevu lsÍu l,a oeuQ y' Bg;a jvd oreKq úm;a muqKqjk nj h'

ñÉPd mKsys;x( jeros f,i fufyhk ,o" fkd uÕ fhoejQ wfma

ál l,lg miq kkao f.a ksjig jevu lsÍug oeka is;a hyuÕ heùug fuka u fkd uÕ heùug o wmg ms<sjk'
iqÿiq l,ahhs is;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Y%djlhka iquÕ fhoejQ is;ska hym;a m%;sM, ,efí' iquÕ fhoejQ is; wmg
msßjrd Tyq f.a ksjig úfYaIfhka u jevu l< y' wfmaËd l< yels fyd`ou ñ;=rd fjhs' tfy;a mdmfhys fhoejQ
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uy;a yrißka ms<s.;a kkao i;a is; wmg oreKq úm;a ,nd fok i;=rl= njg m;a fjhs'
oskla u Wka jykafiag miaf.da rifhka ix.%y lf<a ñÉPd mKsys;x Ñ;a;x( is; ñ:Hd ud._fhys msysgeùu hkafkka
h' i;ajk osk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia l< oï foiqug uQ,sl jYfhka woyia jkafka oY jia;=l ñ:Hd oDIaáfhys
ijka oSfuka kkao fidajdka jQfha h' tosk Nd.Hj;=ka msysàuhs' tfia msysá is; oYúO wl=Y, l¾u lrkakg wm
jykafia wdmiq .uka .kakd úg kkao o Wkajykafia fmf<Ujhs' bka wmf.a fuf,dj fuka u mrf,dj o w`ÿre fjhs'
f.a md;%h /f.k iEfyk ÿrla miq .uka lf<a h'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag je| wjir f.k Tyq wdmiq

ish ksji n,d tk .ufka oS jeoaol= jrojd úos
B;,hla Tyqg jeosKs' fya t;eku ñh .sfha h'
miqj NsËQka jykafia,d úiska ta nj Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiag oekqï fok ,oS' —Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" kkao
Tn jykafiag b;d m%KS; wkaoñka odk udkdoS mqo
i;aldr lf<a h' tfy;a Tyqg fï wk;=r jQfha Tn
jykafia wdmiq wer,Su msKsi miq .uka l< fyhska
h' Tn jykafia tys .sh .uk fkd jQjd kï Tyqg fï
úm; fkd jkakg ;sìK˜ hs o Wkajykafia,d mejiQ
y' —uyfKks" ud tys fkd .shd jqj o Tyqg fï úm;
isÿjkakg ;sìK' Tyq f.a mQ¾j l¾uhl úmdlh fuh
ksid Tyqg ure f.ka .e<ùula kï fkd ;sìKs˜ hs
nqÿrcdKka jykafia meyeos,s l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^42 jk .d:dj&

osfid osix jd fjÍ mk fjßkx hx ;x lhsrd ;f;d

mdmsfhd ñÉPd mKsys;x Ñ;a;x kx lfr

osfid( fydfrla¦ osix( ^;j;a& fydfrl=g¦ jd( fyda¦

fjÍ( i;=frla¦ mk( jkdys¦ fjßkx( ^;j;a&
i;=frl=g¦ hx ;x lhsrd( hï lsisjla lrhs o¦ ;f;d
mdmsfhd( Bg jeä oreKq úm;la¦ ñÉPd mKsys;x(
fkduÕ hjk ,o¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ kx( Tyqg¦ lfr(
lrkafka h'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 25

 ukdfldg msysá is; uõmshka úiska jqjo fkd l< yels b;d W;=ï nfjla lrkafka h'

43' k ;x ud;d ms;d lhsrd ujla msfhla fyda kEfhla

w[af[ jdms p [d;ld fkd lrk ;rfï fufyhla
iïudmKsys;x Ñ;a;x ,enfohs hul=g jeähla
fihHfid kx ;f;d lfr ^3(11& ksjeros u. msysá is;la'

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is;ska W;=ï - fjf;d;a W;=ï
3 ^9& fidafrhH f.a l:d jia;=j ^43 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih

lrk fiala fidafrhH k.rfha Okj;l= f.a mq;%hd
jQ fidafrhH keue;a;d wern fï .d:dj foaYkd l<
;u jrog iudj wheo isáfha h' —keÕS isákak"
uu Tng iudj foñ˜ hs f;reka jykafia jod< y'
úYauhlsæ fidafrhH keÕS isáfha msßñfhl= jYfhks'
fial' tl u wd;au Ndjhl oS jrla mssßñhl= fia;a ;j;a
jrla .eyeKshl fia;a orejka o ,nñka ;ukag .;
oskla fidafrhH ;u ñ;=rl= yd fiajlhka o iu. lrkakg isÿ jQ Ôú; rgdjka .ek fufkys lr;a oS
jdykhl keÕS iakdkh msKsi hñka isáfha h' fï fidafrhHg ,Êcdjla fuka u cq.=maidjla o oeksK'
wjia:dfjys uyd lÉpdhk ysñfhda fidafrhH kqjr os.ska os.g ta .ek is;;a u Tyq f.a l< lsÍu oeä
ms~q isÕd hkq msKsi isjqre fmdrjñka isáh y' úh' .sys f.h w;yer meúos jkakg Tyq f.a is;
Wkajykafia f.a rkajka m%shxlr ;reK YÍrh keñK' meúos jQ miq fndfyda wh Wka jykafia
fidafrhH f.a fofk;g uekúka ,la úh' —fï ysñhka f.ka —Tfí orejka f.ka Tn jvd;a wdof¾ ldg o@
f.a rEmh w;s iqkaorhsæ fï ysñhka uf.a ìß| jqKd mshl= f,i ,o orejkag o" ujl f,i orejkag o@˜
kïæ fï ukrï Pú l<HdKh tfyu kï uf.a ìß|g hs fndfyda wh m%Yak l< y' —uf.a l=iska u Wmka
;sfnkjd fkd fõ o˜ hs is;+ fidafrhH ;=< ldu rd.h orejkag jeäfhka wdorh we;af;ñ˜ hs Wkajykafia
we;s úh' fï wjdikdjka; is;=ú,a,;a iu.u fyf;u ms<s;=re fo;s' kuq;a m%Yakj, bjrhla ke;' ms<s;=re oS
,sx. úmhH_dihlg Ndck úh' uy;a ,Êcdjg m;a ksudjla ke;' wka;sfï fufia úuikq ,eîu ;s;a; jQ
fyf;u jdykfhka nei ;Ës,dj foig mek osjqfõ Wka jykafia msßia j,ska wE;aj yqfol,dj njqka jvd
h' Tyq f.a ñ;=rka fndfyda fjfyi ù fiõj o isjq ms<sisôhdm;a uy ry;a kula njg m;a jQ y'
fidafrhH fldys .shd oehs fidhd .kakg wiu;a jQ y' kej;;a merKs m%Yakh u wikq ,nk úg ±ka
ldka;djla njg m;aj isá fidafrhH ;laIs,dj Wkajykafia w¨;a ms<s;=rla fo;s' —lsisfjl=g
foig hk jdykhl .e,alreg .dia;= jYfhka ;u tn÷ úfYaI wdorhla ke;˜ hkq ta kj ms<s;=rhs'
uqÿj oS ;Ës,djg .sfha h' ;Ës,djg ,Õd jQ miq Wkajykafia tfia lshkjd we;af;a fndrejg úh
.e,alrefjda weh ;u ys;j;a ;reK Okj;l=g hq;=hehs is;+ wkH NsËQyq nqÿrcdKka jykafiag ;u
y`ÿkajd ÿka y' weh f.a rEm fYdaNdfjka jYS m%dma; woyi mejiQ y' —uf.a mq;a fidafrhH fndre fkd
fyf;u weh újdy lr .;af;a h' fï újdyfha lshhs' Tyq lshkafka ienEuh— hs jod< Nd.Hj;=ka
m%;sM, jYfhka mq;a;= fofofkla Wmka y' fidafrhH jykafia ta wrnhd fï .d:dj o jod< fial'
f.a l,ska újdyfhka ,o mq;a;= fofofkla o jQ y'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^43 jk .d:dj&
oskla fidafrhH k.rfha flf<ôhl= f.a mq;%fhla
.e,a mkaishhl nvq mqrjd f.k fj<`odï msKsi ud;d ms;d jd w[af[ [d;ld wms ;x k lhsrd
;Ës,djg meñKsfha h' Tyq ;u merKs ñ;=rl= iïud mKsys;x Ñ;a;x kx ;f;d fihHfid lfr
nj y`ÿkd.;a fidafrhH ldka;dj mKsjqvhla hjd
Tyqg ksjig meñfKk f,i werhqï l<d h' ;udg ud;d( uj¦ ms;d( mshd¦ jd( fyda¦ w[af[( wkH jQ¦
werhqï l< ldka;dj ljqrekaoehs fkd o;a flf<ôhd [d;ld wms( kEoEfhda jqj o¦ ;x( Tyqg¦ k lhsrd(
úYauhg m;a úh' —uu kï Tnj y÷kkafka keye' ^hï Woõjla& lrkakg wiu;a fj;a o¦ iïud
Tn udj y÷kkjd o@˜ hs fyf;u fidafrhH ldka;dj mKsys;x( ukdj msysg jQ¦ Ñ;a;x( is;¦ kx( Tyqg¦
f.ka m%Yak lf<a h' —Tõ' uu Tn y÷kñ˜ hs mejiQ ;f;d fihHfid( Bg;a jvd Wiia fohla¦ lfr(
ldka;dj ;u mjqf,a iqj ÿla yd f;dr;=re úuiS lrhs'
h' túg flf<ôhd fidafrhH isgdKka f.a mq;%hd
iakdkhg hk w;r u. wreu mqÿu wdldrfhka hï ;eke;a;l= f.a uj" mshd fyda fjk;a [d;sjrhl=
w;=reoyka jQ mqj; úia;r lf<a h' wk;=rej ldka;d úiska Tyqg hï Woõjla lr .kakg wiu;a o" Bg;a
f;dfuda ;ud ljqrekaoehs y÷kajd oS mdmS is;=ú,a,la jvd f,dl= Wmldrhla ukdj msysgqjd .;a is; lrhs'
ksid ;ukag w;a jQ brKu .ek uq`M m%jD;a;shu Tyqg
lshd mEjd h' —Tng ;sfhkafka uyd lÉpdhk ysñhka újrKh
iud lrjd .kakhs˜ fidafrhH kqjßka meñKs ñ;=rd
Wmfoia ÿkafka h' ta fhdackdj ms<s.eksKs' ñ;=rd f.a iïud mKsys;x Ñ;a;x( hkafkka oYjia;=l ñ:Hd oDIaáfhka
f;drj l=i,h" l=i, uQ,h" wl=i,h" wl=i, uQ,h ukdj oel
o iydh we;sj uyd lÉpdhk ysñhka ksjig jevujd ksjeros Y%oaOdfjka hqla;j iu: úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjka ys fhoSu
oka ms<s.kajk ,oS' wk;=rej ñ;=rd lÉpdhk ysñhkg woyia fjhs'
fidafrhH ldka;dj y÷kajd oS ish¨ mqj;a fy<s lf<a
h' wk;=rej lÉpdhk ysñhka mduq, je| jegqKq foudmshka yd kEoEhskg wmg w.kd jia;= wdosfhka Wojq l< yels
ldka;dj b;d hgy;aj uyd lÉpdhk ysñhka fj;ska jqj o Wiia wOHd;añl idOl ,nd oSu l< fkd yel' tajd ,nd
.; yelafla is; ksjeros u. YsËKh lsÍfuka muKs'

;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( Ñ;; j.. 27

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 u NdKv
a d.drh
O¾
4 jk mßÉfþoh

mqmM j..

.re fõrf.dv idro kdysñmdKka jykafia

isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix>kdhl
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^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

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 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

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mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
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mß.Kl iydh
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B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ljfrla f,dj wjfndaO lrkafka o@ ljfrla oyï moh wjfndaO lrkafka o@

44' fld bux mGúx úfciai;s hu f,dj;a foõ f,dj;a we;=`Mj

huf,dl[ap bux ifojlx ljqo ñys l; fyd¢ka okafka
fld Oïumox iqfois;x f;darñka u,a f.d;k u,a oï
l=if,d mqmaMñZj mfpiai;s ^4(1& f,i ljqo oï is;g .kafka'

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 oek uqks foiQ oï - f,i u,a oï
4 ^1& mkaishhla NsËQka f.a l:d jia;=j ^44 iy 45 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih

lrk fiala NsËQka jykafia mkaishhla wrnhd
fï .d:d fol foaYkd lr jod< fial'
úfciai;s( oek .kshs' zw;a;fkda [dfKk úcdksiai;sZhs wgqjdfõ
oelafjk mßos ;ud f.a kqjKska u oek .kshs'

foaj( hk jpkfhys NdIduh w¾:h nn<k" os,sfik hkakhs' ;u

;uka l< l=Y, l¾uhka ys wkqiia N=la;s ú¢ñka m%S;sfhka ojißk
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iu. tla j ixpdrfhys fhÿKq i;a;aj fldÜGdihls' Tjqka f.a meje;au o l=Y, n,h mj;akd
NsËQka jykafia mkaishhla kej; fÊ;jkdrdu l,a muKs'
úydrhg iïm%dma; jQ y' tosk ikaOHdfõ Wka
foaj f,dalh o wh;a jkafka ldu f,dal j,g h' wmdh" ;srYaÖk
jykafia,d tlaj ;u ixpdrh .ek idlÉPd l< y' Njh" fm%a; Njh" hË-wiqr .Kh fuka u ukq f,dj o fï
idlÉPdjg úIh jQfha .uka uÕ úis;=re" N+ñfha .Khg u jefg;s' ldu iaj¾. jQ osjH f,dal ixLHdj yhls'
;;aFjh wdoshhs' l÷" ;eks;,d" ud._fhys Wia ñá foújre ukqIH oDIaáhg yiq fkd fj;s' l=i,a we;s ;dla iem
nj" mi r;= o l`M o hkak" wdoS ndysr lreKq h' ú`¢k Tjqyq crdjg m;a fkd fj;s' Tjqka f.a urKh o uD;
fun÷ lreKq idlÉPd jk nj oek.;a nqÿ mshdfKda YÍrdosfhka f;drj pq; ùula fia ye¢kafjhs' flfia jQjo l=Y,
n,h ksu jQ miq kej; ixidr ÿCLhkg md;% jkakg isÿjk
Wkajykafia,d yuqjg meñK —uyfKks" Tn Th fyhska foúf,dj bmoSu iir ÿlska ñoSula fia y÷kajkq fkd
l;d l< ish,a, Tfnka mßndysr lreKq h' Tnf.a ,efí'
u YÍrfha h:d ;;aFjh .ek .eUqfrka msßlaid n,d
Ndjkdjg ierfikjd kï jvd;a m%fhdackj;a fkd fõ rEm f,dal fyj;a my< n%yau f,dal j,oS oDIH bkaøsh yd Y%jK
o@ ˜ hs Wkajykafia úuiQ y' bkaøsh wksl=;a bkaøsh o iu. mj;akd kuq;a OHdkhkays oS
;djld,slj hgm;a lrkq ,efí' wrEm n%yau f,dalj, oS rEmhla
úoHdudk fkd fõ' tajdfha we;af;a ialJO p;=Ialhla muKs'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^44 .d:dj&
fuu ;%súO i;ajdjdihka i|yd md,s iQ;% .%J:j, fhdod we;af;a
fld bux mGúx bux ifojlx huf,dl[ap zNjZ hk moh ñi zf,dalZ hk moh fkd fõ' t;l=ÿ jqj;a"
úfciai;s fld l=if,d mqmaMx bj iqfois;x Oïumox ldu" rEm" wrEm hk ;%súO m%jD;a;Ska ms<sn| ixl,amh fn!oaO
;%smsglfhys iQ;% hq.hg u wh;a jQjlehs is;=u widOdrK fkd fõ'
mfpiai;s

fld( ljfrla¦ bux mGúx( fï mDÒúh o¦ bux( fï¦

ifojlx( foõ f,dj iys;¦ huf,dl[ap ( hu
f,dalh o¦ úfciai;s ( oek .kS o@¦ fld( ljfrla¦
l=if,d( oË ^ud,d ldrfhl=&¦ mqmaMx( u,a¦ bj(
fuka¦ iqfois;x( ukdj foid we;s¦ Oïumox( oyï
mo¦ mfpiai;s( /ia lr .kshs o@

foõf,dj" huf,dj yd ukqf,dj f;areï .kakg ljqre

iu;a fj;a o@' oË u,a oï f.d;kafkla .e<fmk
mßos u,a f;dard .kakd fia ukdj foaYkd lr we;s
Oïu mo ljfrla f;dard .ks;a o@

újrKh

fiafLd( fiaL fyj;a ffYËH kñka y÷kajkafka Wiia;u .Kfha

YsËK ,dNSyq h' ;%súO YsËdj wkq.ukh lrk fï wh ima; úO
h' f,daflda;a;r ud._ M, wIaglfhka ry;a M,h yer wjfYaI
y; fï y; jYfhka ±lafjhs' ry;a M,h ,enQ W;=uka ;j ÿrg;a
YsËKh jkakg fohla ke;s fyhska wfiaL fyj;a wffYlaIH
jYfhka y`ÿkajkq ,efí' idudkH mD:.ackfhda fiL .Khg fyda
wfiaL .Khg fkd .efk;s'

f,dal( f,dal hkafkka fuysoS fn!oaOhka f.a iuia; úYajh u

meyeÈ,s lr olajhs' tkï" ldu f,dalh" rEm f,dalh yd wrEm
f,dalhhs' ldu f,dalh kï mis÷rka u.ska úkaok ,nk f,dal
moaO;shhs' rEm f,dalhg wh;a jkafka uq,a OHdk y;rg wh;a rEm
n%yau f,dal hs' wrEm f,dal kï" wrEm OHdk y;rg wh;a jk
wrEm n%yau f,dal moaO;shhs'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 7

 yslafuk ;eke;a;d f,dj ms<súo oek.kS' oyïmoh o fudkjg mssßlaid ms<súo oek .kS'

45' fifLd mGúx úfciai;s hu f,dj;a foõ f,dj;a we;=¿j

huf,dl[ap bux ifojlx fiaL ukq f,dj fyd¢ka okafka
fifLd Oïumox iqfois;x f;darñka u,a f.d;k u,a oï
l=if,d mqmaMñZj mfpiai;s ^4(2& f,ihs Tyq oï is;g .kafka

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fiaL uqks oek .kshs uqks oï
4 ^1& mkaishhla NsËQka f.a l:d jia;=j ^44 iy 45 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^45 .d:dj& udrhd ms<sn`oj fn!oaO .%ka:j, i`oyka md,s wgqjdj, mxpudr
ixl,am jYfhka ix.%yKh lr we;' tu mia ureka
fifLd mGúx bux ifojlx huf,dl[ap úfciai;s 1' foajmq;a; udr
fifLd l=if,d mqmaMx bj iqfois;x Oïumox 2' lsf,i udr
mfpiai;s' 3' LkaO udr
4' wysixLdr udr yd
fifLd( ffYËH f;u¦ mGúx( mDÒúh o¦ bux( fï¦ 5' uÉpq udr hkqfjka kï flf¾'
ifojlx( osjH f,dalh o iys;j¦ huf,dl[ap( hu Ôú;hla we;s" fm!reIhla we;s zmqoa.,hl=Z f,i yefÕkafka
f,dalh o¦ úfciai;s( oek .kshs¦ fifLd( ffYlaIH foajmq;a;udr muKs' wka ish,a, laf,aYdoS foA ;;ajdfrdamKh lsÍï
f;u¦ l=if,d( oË ^u,a lrejl=&¦ mqmaMx bj( u,a h' uÉpqudr kï flaj, urKhhs' fyj;a tla Ôú; mßÉfÊohl
fuka¦ iqfois;x( ukdj foaYkd lr we;s¦ Oïumox( wjidkhhs' ^wNsO¾udkql+,j kï ËKhla mdid isÿjk ialkaO
oyï mo¦ mfpiai;s( /ialr .kshs' mßj;_kfhda o ËKssl urKh f,i ye`oskafj;s'

tfy;a th wdkqNúlj oelaúh fkd yels ;rï iQËau fyhska

ffYËH ^fyj;a fida;dmkak" ilDod.dó yd wkd.dó& ;d¾lslj ,efnkq ñi h:d¾:j;ah m%;HË fkdjkakls&' ish,a,kag
mqoa.,fhda foõf,dj" huf,dj yd ukqf,dj wjfndaO u m%;HË urKh kï tla Ôú; ld, mßÉfÊohl wjidkfha oS
lr;s' oË u,alrejl= u,a f;dard f.k u,a oï isÿjk kdu-rEm ika;;sfhys úoHdudk fNaohhs' tfy;a th mQK_
f.d;kakdla fuka ffYËHfhda oyï mo tla /ia lr úkdYhla fkd fõ' ialkaO-Od;=-wdh;khka f.a m%jdyh ;jÿrg;a
m%j¾;kh jk Yla;sh urKfhka ksu jkafka ke;' úÿ,s n,anhla
.ks;s' ì£ .sh muKska úoHq;a Yla;sh úkdYhg fkd hkakd fia fN!;sl
YÍrfha ì| jeàu ;=<ska l¾u Yla;sfhys úkdYhla isÿ fkd fõ'
újrKh tfy;a mqk¾Njhla isÿ jkafka lsishï idOl ixl%uKhla ksid
fkdj fya;=-m%;Hh n,mEfuka isÿjk máÉp iuqmamdo l%shdj,shla
hu f,dal( hu rcq f.a f,dalh' hu f,dalh m%d.a fn!oaO hq.fha ksid nj igyka lr .ekSu jáhs'
isg mej; tk úYajdihls' urKska u;= ish¿ fokd u hu rcq
kï O¾u úksYaph lrejl= wìuqjg f.dia ish l=Y,dZl=Y, l=if,d( fuys zl=if,dZ hkak fhdod we;af;a —oËhd"
l¾udkqrEmj bosß Njh úksYaph lr.kq we; hk woyi fl!I,Hhkaf.ka iukaú; mqqoa.,hd hk wre;sks' l=i, l¾uhla
nqoaOld,h jk úg m%p,s;j ;sìK' merKs úYajdi j,g kj t kñka y`ÿkajkafka o oËf,i l%shd lrk úg wmg Wmosk foa
w¾: .ekaùfï fn!oaO iïm%odh yd fmdÿ ck;djg idrO¾u ksid h' ^fldi,a, iïN+;ÜfGk& fuys woyia jkafka WÑ;dkqÑ;
ikaksfõokh lsÍfï myiqj ;ld fuu jd.a jHjydr fjkia úpËK we;sj l%shd lrk mqoa.,hd hk w¾:hhs' OïumoÜG
fkd lr nqÿ iuhdkq.; lr .kakg we;ehs isf;a' msßisÿ fn!oaO l:dj fjys l=i, kñka ye`oskafjkafka i;a;sia fndaêmdËsl O¾u
o¾Ykh wkqj wm f.a l=Y, yd wl=Y, lu_ wkqj wm iq.;shg jO_kh lrk mqoa.,hd nj olajhs' tajd kï" i;r i;smÜGdk"
fyda ÿ.;shg kshu jkafka osjH rdchl= f.a úksYaph wkqj fkdj i;r iuH.a m%Odk" i;r boaêmdo" mxp bJøsh" mxp n," i;a;
iajhxl%Sh kshduhla jQ lïu kshduh wkqjh' fndaÊCOx." wdhH_ wIagdx.sl ud._h hk fïjd h'

th l%shd;aul lsÍug uyd n,OdÍ ish,a, olakd osjH rdchl=

wjYH jkafka BYajr ks¾udKjdoh ms<s.kakd wd.ulg ñi nqÿ
oyu jeks m%nqoaO wd.ulg fkd fõ' t;l=ÿ jqj;a ÿ.;Ska i|yd
huf,dalh hk jpkh Ndú; lsÍu ks;r isÿfjhs' th jrojd
f;areï fkd f.k wl=Y, úmdl ,nd fok iajhx isoaO kshduhg
Ndr;Sh ixialD;shg wkqrEmj fok ,o ix{dkduhla fia .ekSu
WÑ;h' Oïu mofha u zhudufiaZ hkak zuefruqZ hk wre; fok
l%shd mohla fia fhoS we;' hu ixl,amh fuka u ixlS¾K jQ
yd ixialD;sl ixfla; Wlyd .kakd jQ ;j;a ixl,amhla fia
udr ixl,amh oelaúh yel' th urKh fm!reIFjdfrdamKfhka
oelaùug ksr;=rej Ndú; fõ'

udr( hkafkka y÷kajkafka o tla;rd osjH mq;%hl= fia iïu; m%d.a

fn!oaO hq.fha isg Wreu lr .;a;d jQ úYajdihls' zudfrda mdmsudZ
iy zkuqÑZ hk ix{dj,ska o Tyq yeÕfõ' zmdmsudZ hkafkka
mõldrhd hkak o zkuqÑZ hkafkka úuqla;sh fkd fokakd" fkd
uqokakd hk wre; o yeÕ fõ'

md,s fmd;aj, udr hkak yqfola zurKhZ hk wref;ka fuka u

flf<ia j,g wmr kduhla jYfhka o oelafõ' tfuka u tu kñka
ye¢kafjk mdmh ksfhdackh lrk wukqIH ,ËK we;s Ôúhl=
^i;aFjhl=& jYfhka o oelafõ' ^md,sfhys tk udr ixl,amh
.ek l< úêu;a úu¾Ykhla f,i uydpdhH_ fg%fjda ,sx f.a The
Buddhist Mythology of Evil kï lD;sh i`oyka l< yelsh'&

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 9

 lh fmK msvla ñßÕ=jla fia oek i,lk ;eke;a;d ur ne`ÿï is`o ì`o oud ksjka mila lrkafka h'

46' fMKQmux ldhñZux úos;ajd fï lh fmK ms~qjla fia oek f.k

uÍÑOïux wNsiïnqOdfkd ñßÕ=jla h ksis fia f;areï f.k
fP;ajdk udriai mmqmaMldks uref.a lï yS ier j<ld f.k
woiaikx uÉpqrdciai .ÉfP ^4(3& .sfhd;a fhfyls ureyg fkd fmfkk ;ek

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ljqo iu;a jkq - urejd mrokq
4 ^2& lh ñßÕ=jla fia ÿgq ysñ ku ^46 .d:dj&

; :d.;hka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev jdih

lrk fiala tla;rd NsËqkula wrnhd fï .d:dj
foaYkd lr jod< fial'
wm f.a fï YÍrh fmK ms~qjla yd ñßÕ=jla jeks nj
kqjKska ukdj jgyd f.k udrhd tjk u,a yS o~q
^u,air& lvd ì`| oud ureg fkd fmfkk ;ek ^wuD;
jQ ksj_dKh& fidhd hkak'
tla NsËqkula Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj;ska Ndjkd
lu_ia:dk ,nd f.k njqka jvkq msKsi jk.; jQfha h' újrKh
tfy;a os.ska os.g u W;aidy l<;a lsis wê.ukhla
,nd .kakg wiu;a jQ ;ek fya fufia is;S h' fMKqmux( fï isrer fmK ms~qjlg iudk lrkq ,nkafka th
blauKska úkdY ù hk fyhsks' fmK ms~q o jyd we;sj ke;sjk
—ug jvd;a .e,fmk fjk;a Ndjkd l¾uia:dkhla fyhska wiaÒr nj yd ksire nj meyeos,s lsÍfï oS th m%n,
fokakehs ud Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka wheo isáh Wmudjla fjhs'
hq;= h'˜ tfia is;ñka Wkajykafia nqÿrÿka neye olskq
jia wdmiq .uka werö h' uÍÑ Oïux wNsiïnqOdfkd( ñßÕ=j fmK ms~qjg o jvd ksire h'
th yqfola oDIaáuh udhdjla muKs' h:d¾:hla fyj;a we;a;g u
mj;akd fohla fuka ÿrg osia jqj o thg ,x j;a u yqfola wefia
w;r uÕoS Wkajykafiag ñßÕ=jla olakg ,eìK' /já,a,la nj fy<s fõ'
—WIaK ld,fha oS fï ñßÕ=j wE; ÿr isg n,kakyqg
h:d¾:j;a fohla fia fmfkhs' tfy;a Bg ,xj;au ldh( iuQyh hk wre; o we;s zldhZ hkafkka YÍrh .efKhs'
ke;sj hhs' W;am;a;sh yd urKh fya;=fjka wkd;au we;eï úg fN!;sl lh fuka u wdOHd;añl ldh .ek o i`|yka
jQ fuu iir meje;au o tn÷u iajNdj we;af;a fõ' tfia jQ úg wdOHd;añl ldh fia .; yelafla rEmialkaOh
yer b;sß ialkaO p;=Ialh hs' ^kduialkaOh hs& ke; fyd;a
h˜ hs Wkajykafia is;+ y' ñßÕ=j flf¾ fufia is; fõokd" i[a[d yd we;eï ixLdr .; yels h' tfuka u mis`ÿrka
fhduq l< Wkajykafia ta .ek Ndjkd l< y' os.ska w;r mia jekak o ldh jYfhka .efKhs'
os.gu .uka lsÍu ksid oeä fjfyig m;aj isá
NsËqku .uka fjfyi ksjd" .; ikyd .kq msKsi uÍÑOïux( hkafk ys tk Oïux hkafkka iajNdjh woyia fjhs'
wÑrj;S koshg nei iakdkh l< y' wk;=rej koS zOïuZ hkq fn!oaO Yíodj,sfhys w;sYh úÑ;% yd ixlS¾K w¾:
okjk jpkhls' fndfyda úg tys wre; ikao¾Nh ;=<ska ú.%y
bjqf¾ ;=re fijkl jev ys| úfõl .;a y' ta wi, lr .; hq;= h' orkakd" ixhq;sh" m%;sudkh" kS;sh" foaYkdj"
u osh we,a,la o úh' osh we,a, foi n,d isákd Wka hqla;sh" idOdrK;ajh" .=Kh" øjHh" úIh yd uki hk fï úúO
jykafiag iqÿ fmK ms~q keÕs keÕS .,aj, yefmñka w¾: i`oyd úúO ikao¾Nhka ys fuh fhdod ;sfí' .=K" foaikd"
ì£ hk whqre olakg ,eìK' —fï iqÿ fmK ms~q keÕS mßh;a;s yd ksiai;a;s hk wre;a y;r .ek Oïmshd wgqjdj
ì`oS hk mßoafoka u ish,a, we;s fjhs" ke;s fjhs˜ i`oyka lrhs' iuyr w¾:l:lfhda foaikd fjkqjg zfya;=Z hkak
olaj;s' Ou_h ms<sn| úYaf,aIKd;aul {dkh wjidk w¾:fhka
hkqfjka Wkajykafia l,amkd l< y' th l%ufhka n,k úg fya;=-M, O¾uh ms<sn| {dkh fyhska fufia olajkjd
Wkajykafia f.a Ndjkdj njg m;a úh' úh yelsh' Oïu hkakg p;=iÉp hkak o .e<fmk nj flfkl=g
lsj yel'
iqj`o .`o ls<sfhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
ta NsËqku w¾: iïmkak Ndjkdjlg jeà isák zOïuZ hkak ukig wruqKq jk ´kE u fohla i|yd o fhosh
yelsh' ufkda bJøshg úIh jk foa zOïuZ jYfhka y÷kajkafka
wdldrh ÿgq fial' —NsËqj" th ienEu h' meje;au tfyhsks'
kï yqfola ñßÕ=jla jeks h' fmK ms~qjla jeks
h' we;s jk mßoafoka u ke;sj hhs'˜ tfia mejiQ
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d Ou_h o jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^46 .d:dj&

bux ldhx fMKqmux úos;ajd uÍÑ Oïux

wNsiïnqOdfkd udriai mmqmaMldks fP;ajdk
uÉpqrdciai woiaikx .ÉfP

bux ldhx( fï YÍrh¦ fMKqmux( fmK ms~qjla

yd Wmud fldg¦ úos;ajd( oek f.k¦ uÍÑ Oïux(
ñßÕ=jl iajNdjh we;s nj¦ wNsiïnqOdfkd( f;areï
f.k¦ udriai( udrhd f.a¦ mmqmaMldks( u,a yS o~¦
fP;ajdk( lvd ì`o oud¦ uÉpqrdciai( udr osjH
rdchdg¦ woiaikx( fkd fmfkk ;eklg¦ .ÉfP(
hkak'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 11

 mialïys .scq j we¨Kq is;a we;a;d im, fkd jQ woyia we;s j ue ñh hhs'

47' mqmaMdks fyZj mÑkka;x fidïkia u,a fk< fk<d

nHdi;a;ukix krx uqim;a jkakka n,d
iq;a;x .dux ufydf>dZj f.k hhs ure .Õ fuka tk
uÉpq wdodh .ÉP;s ^4(4& ksosjka .ulg .,d'

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lï iqj u;a ok - fh;a .Õ .y f.k
4 ^3& úvQVN f.a l:d m%jD;a;sh ^47 .d:dj&

; :d.;hka jykafia fÊ;jk úydrfhys jev

jiñka m%fiakð;a fldai, rc;=ud f.a mq;a úvQVN
l=ureka iïnkaOfhka fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
.Õl oshg ji oud tys úiQ ish¨ u;aiHhka úkdY
lsÍfuys ÿ¾úmdlh jYfhka nj oela jQ y' wk;=rej
úvQVN lr.;a jHikh .ek i`oyka lrñka
Wkajykafia mQ¾fjdala; .d:dj oelajQ y'
YdlH jxYfhka újdyhla lr .kakg ßis jQ
m%fiakð;a ^mfiakoS& fldai, rc f;u YdlH l=ußhl újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^47 .d:dj&
;ukag újdy lr fok fia b,a,ñka lms,jia;=
kqjrg ¥; msßila heù h' YdlHhka udkdêl jqj by mqmaMdks mÑkka;x bj nHdi;a; ukix krx
o fldai, rc;=ud wukdm lr .kakg o wleue;s ufydf>d iq;a;x .dux bj uÉpq wdodh .ÉP;s
fyhska" ta b,a,Su bgq lruq hs .súi WNf;da iqcd;
YdlH l=udßldjla fjkqjg uydkdu YdlHhdg odj by( fï ^f,dalfhys&¦ mqmaMdks( u,a¦ mÑkka;x
fiaúldjl f.a l=iska Wmka l=ußhl Tyqg újdy lr bj( fk<kakdla fuka¦ nHdi;a; ukix(
ÿka y' fldfid,a rcqf.a tla w. ìijla njg m;a jQ ´ lduiqLdiajdofhys u we`MKq ukila we;s¦ krx(
f;dfuda l,a wejEfuka mq;a l=url= cks; l<d h' Tyqg mqoa.,hd¦ ufydf>d( uy .xj;=rla¦ iq;a;x .dux(
úvQVN hehs kï lrk ,oS' ksos.;a .ula¦ bj( ^jkikakdla& fuka¦ uÉpq( udrhd¦
wdodh .ÉP;s( /f.k hhs'
úvQVN l=urekag jhi wjqreÿ oy ih msreKq ;ek
uydkdu rcq we;=`M ish [d;Ska oel n,d .kq msKsi u,a j;a;l u,a fk,kakdla fuka uy;a wNsreÑfhka
Tyq msg;a lr hjk ,oS' YdlHfhda Tyqg wd.ka;=l mxp ldu ridiajdofhys ksr;j jik ñksiaiq"
i;aldrfhka ix.%y l< y' tfy;a jhi wjqreÿ ish,a,ka ksooaoS .ulg tk .xj;=rla yeu fok
oyihg wvq YdlH l=udrjreka yeu fok úvqVN f.dÿre lr .kakd mßoafoka urejd úiska f.dÿre
l=urekag je| wdpdr lsÍfuka j<lkq msKsi fjk;a lr.kq ,efn;s'
m<d;lg hjd ;sìK'
újrKh
lms,jia;=fõ osk lsysmhla .; l< úvQVN wdmiq
mqmaMdksfyj mÑkka;x( u,a j;a;l u,a fk,kakg hkafkla tys
msg;aj .sfha h' Tyq msg;aj iq`M fõ,djlska tla we;s mshlre j¾Kfhka yd iq.kaOfhka hqla; mqIam iïNdrh oel
fiaúldjl ,jd úvQVN l=ureka ys| .;a mqgqj lsfrka jYS fjhs' u,a fk,kakg mgka .;a miq Tyqg fjk lsisjla .ek
fiaoSu werôK' ˜fï oeiail f.a fld,a,d ys| .;a woyia ysig fkd ths' Tyq f.a uQ,sl yd tlu wruqK yels ;rï
mqgqj˜ hs lshñka weh mqgqj fidaok w;f¾ u ;ukag iqkaor l=iqï fk<Su h' mxp ldu ridiajdofhys .scq jk mqoa.,hd
o tfia h' fyf;u Ôú;fha fjk;a Wodr wruqKq ish,a, wu;l
wu;lj .sh hula /f.k hkq msKsi úvQVN f.a
lr yqfola ldur;sh u w.h lrhs'
fiajlfhla tys meñKsfha h' úvQVN f.a uj jQ
jdiNL;a;shd Wmkafka uydkdu rcqg odj odishl f.a iq;a;x .dux( mia lï iemf;ysu .s,S Ôú;fha .eUqre yd Wiia
l=iska nj Tyqg fy<s l<d h' mrud¾: wu;l lr ,kafkda kskaog jegqKjqka yd iudk h'

ufydf>d bj uÉpq wdodh .ÉP;s( uy .xj;=rla ksos.;a .u

fï mqj; úvQVN l=urekg fkd j<yd fy<s lrkq
f.dÿre lr .kakd fuka urejd mud jQjka f.k hhs'
,eìK' fï wmydifhka n,j;a fia fldamhg m;a
úvQVN —uu hï oskl YdlHjxYh ñysu;ska ;=rka
lrñ˜ hs m%ldY lf<a h' ta joka tfia u i;H lrkq
jia fya rdcHmo m%dma; jQ jyd u hqo yuqodjla o
/f.k lms,jia;=jg f.dia uydkdu YdlHhka f.a
mjqf,a lSmfokl= yer wka ish`M fokdu >d;kh
lf<a h' ch.%yKfhka miq wdmiq fldai,h n,d tk
w;ru. wÑrj;S .x bjqf¾ TjQyq kjd;eka .;a y'

ta /fhys .Õ by< m%foaYfha uy jeis jg fyhska

.Õ msÍ fhdaO .xj;=rla my<g .,d wdfõ h' .uka
yd igka fjfyi ksjd .ksñka ;o n, kskafoa miq
jQ úvQVN f.a iuia; yuqodju ie~ myrg yiq ù
urKhg m;a jQ y' fï jHik folu ie< jQ úg
NsËQka jykafia ,d weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;u
[d;Skag fï brKu w;a jQfha Tjqka fmr ckauhl
y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 13
 mialï iemfhys we¨ï we;a;d ^uefrK ;=re;a& lduhkays iEySulg fkdmeñfKa'

48' mqmaMdks fyZj mÑkka;x fidïkia u,a fk< fk<d

LHdi;a;ukix krx uqim;a jkakka n,d
w;s;a;x fhj ldfuiq .kshs ure ;uka jifÕg
wka;fld l=ref; jix ^4(5& isáh;a is; ;=gq fkd,d

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lï iqjfhka - uq,d fkdj;a
4 ^4& m;smQðld l=ußh f.a l:dj ^48 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

m;smQðld l=ußh wern fï .d:dj foaYkd lr
jod< fial'
fï f,dalfhys u,a fk,kakdla fuka lï ri ú`£fuys
u we,S jik ñksiqka ldufhka ;Dma;shla fkd ,nd
isáhoS u udrhd ;uka fj; weo .kshs'

ieje;a kqjr Wmka m;smQðld l=ußh jhi oyifha újrKh

oS újdy lr fokq ,en mq;=ka isõ fokl= ,oaod h'
is,aj;a .=Kj;a odkm;skshl jQ ´ f;dfuda iÕrejkg wka;fld( hkafkys NdIduh w¾:h —bjrhla lrkakd˜ hkakhs'
fuh urKh fyj;a udrhdg ;j;a jpkhls' fuu .d:dfjys oS fï
isjqmih ms<s.ekaùfuys ,d úfYaIfhka u Wkkaÿ wka;lhd ñksiqka ldujia;+ka ri ú| oeka m%udKj;a hehs is;k
jQjd h' ks;r ks;r úydria:dkhg hk ´ meka n÷ka ;=re n,d fkd isák nj lshefjhs'
msßisÿ lr meka mqrjd fjk;a j;dj;a wdosh o lrhs'
mQj_ ckauhka isysm;a lsÍfï kqjK we;s j isá wehg ldu( ldu hk jpkh ldudYdj ^úIhS noaO& fuka u ldu jia;=
;uka fmr ckaufha ;dj;sxi osjH f,dalfhys ud,dNdÍ ^úIh noaO& hk folu yÕjkq msKsi ikao¾Nh wkqj fhfohs'
kï osjH mq;%hd f.a Nd¾hdjla j isá nj isysm;a ldudYdj mxp ldu jia;+ka úIfhys u fhduq fjhs' mxp
úh' ;ud thska pq; jQfha ish¨ fok WoHdkfhys u,a kSjrKhka w;r ldurd.h" oi ixfhdack w;r lduÉPkaoh"
fk<kakg f.dia isá wjia:djl nj o u;la úKs' ;%súO ;Kaydjka w;r ldu ;Kaydj ;%súO fÉ;kd w;r ldu
tfyhska mska lula lrk yeu fudfyd;l u ;uka fÉ;kd jYfhka oelafjkafka fï úIhS noaO ldudYdjhs'
ta mqKHdkqNdjfhka kej; ;õ;sidfõ ud,dNdÍ osjH
ldu jia;= mxplh kï" weig f.dapr jk rEm" lKg f.dapr jk
mq;%hd f.a Nd¾hdjl j Wmos;ajd hs m%d¾:kd l<d h' Yío" kdihg f.dapr jk .kaO" osjg f.dapr jk ri iy lhg
f.dapr jk iam¾Y fj;s' fïjd bIag" ldka;" ukdm" rckSh jeks
oskla m;s mQðldj yosisfha u .s,kaj tosk u ñh jpk j,ska ye¢ka fõ'
mrf,dj .shd h' weh os.ska os.g u oeäfia m%d¾:kh
l< mßos ñh .sh jyd u ´ ;dj;sxifha ud,dNdÍ lduÉPkaoh ÿre lr ,kafka wkd.dó M,h u.sks' lduh .ek
úia;r lrk md,s fmd;aj, oelafjk mßos" ydkslr;ajh we;af;a
foaj;djd f.a ìß|l f,i u Wm; ,oaod h' fuf,dj pËqrdoS bkaøsh j,g;a rEmdoS ldu jia;=j,;a fkdj mqoa.,hd f.a
ishla jirla foõf,dj tl ojila fyhska m;smQðldj ldudYdj ;=< h'
tys Wmosk õg;a wkH foaj;dfjda yd wmairdfjda u,a
Whfkys úfkdao fjñka isáh y' tfyhska weh tys
kej; my< jQ úg iq¿ fõ,djla weh olakg fkd
isáfha ljr fyhska oehs ud,dNdß úuiSh' ´ ;uka
t;ekska pq; j ukqf,dj Wmka nj;a tysoS újdyj
orejka isjqfokl= ,;a nj;a yosisfha wikSmj ñh
f.dia fuys h<s;a Wmka nj;a fy<s l<d h'

m;smQðldj f.a urKh weiQ NsËQka jykafia ixfõ.

hg m;a jQ y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia neyeoel ta
ms<sn|j l;d l< y' Wfoa oka ms<s.ekajQ weh yji
ñh .sh whqre .ek i|yka l< y' Ôú;fha flá lu
.ek úia;r l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ñksiqka lï iem
ú| ;Dma;shla ,nkakg fmr u Tjqkag ure ji`.hg
hkakg isÿjk nj meyeos,s lr ÿka y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^48 .d:dj&

by mqmaMdks mÑk;a;x bj nHdi;a; ukix krx

ldfuiq w;s;a;x tj wka;fld jix l=ref;'

by( fï ^f,dalfhys&¦ mqmaMdks( u,a¦ mÑk;a;x

bj( fk<kakdla fuka¦ nHdi;a; ukix( ldu
iqLdiajdofhys u wdYla; ukia we;s¦ krx(
mqoa.,hka¦ ldfuiq( lduhka úIfhys¦ w;s;a;x tj(
;Dma;sh fkd ,nd isáhoS u¦ wka;fld( urejd¦ jix
l=ref;( ;u jiÕhg .kshs'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 15

 nurd uf,a meyeh yd iqj`o fkdfm<ñka meKsf.k .kakdla fuka uyKyq .u yeisfr;s'

49' h:dms Nufrd mqmaMx nurl= l=iqula fj; f.dia

jKaK.kaOx wfyGhx fkd kid mdg;a iqj|;a
mf,;s riudodh meKs f.k hk ú,difhka
tjx .dfu uqkS pfr ^4(6& iñ÷ .fï yeisfrkjd

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 nUrl= fia ksis - ysñ ku irhs .u ;=<
4 ^5& fldaish isgdKka f.a l;dj ^49 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fldaish isgdKka wrnhd fï .d:dj
foaYkd l< fial'
kug mQcd lrk ,oS' wjidkfha nqÿrÿka foiq oyï
foiqu wid fldaish isgq;=ud yd foaúh fidajdka jQ y'

fï mqj; miqosk ikaOHdfjys NsËQka jykafia w;r

rc.y kqjr iómfhys ilalr kï .fuys ;uka idlÉPdjg ,la úh' Tjqka uq.,ka uyry;ka jykafia
i;= lsisu fohla lsis u flfkl=g fkd fok uÉPßh f.a oËlï yd .=K uysuh .ek l;d lrñka isáh
fldaish kï isgqjrfhla úiS h' tla oskla isgqjrhd yd oS tys jevu l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" Tn
foaúh lejqï lkq ßisj th hï lsisjl= ÿgqj fyd;a o .fï jdih l< hq;af;a fud.a.,a,dk mßoafokauh'
Tjqkag;a fokakg isÿ fj;ehs f,dn is;d Wvq uy,g m%;H ,nd .; hq;af;a Tjqka f.a Y%oaOd Nla;shg
keÕS ;ukag muKla we;sjk ;rug lejqï ;kkakg ydkshla fkd jk mßoafoks˜ hs jod< y'
mgka .;a y'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^49 .d:dj&
tosk Wfoa Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uyd lreKd
iudm;a;sfhka f,dj n,d jodrk fiala" isgq;=ud yd h:d wms Nufrd mqmaMx jKaK.kaOx wfNGhx rix
foaúh fofokdg u fidajka M,h ,eîug Nd.Hh wdodh mf,;s tjx uqkS .dfu pfr
;snqKq nj ÿgq fial' ta wkqj uq.,ka uy ry;ka
jykafia wu;d" isgq ksjig f.dia uOHdyak iuh jk h:d wms( hï fia¦ Nufrd( nufrla¦ mqmaMx( u,¦
úg fofokdu fÊ;jkdrduhg le|jd f.k tk f,i jKaK.kaOx( mdg yd iqj`o¦ wfNGhx( fkdkid¦
Wmfoia ÿka y' uq.,ka uyry;ka jykafia o Roaê rix( meKs¦ wdodh( /f.k¦ mf,;s( .uka lrhs
n,fhka ËKhlska tys jevu lr ljq`Mjla wi, o¦ tjx( fufia u¦ uqkS( NsËqj¦ .dfu( .ul¦ pfr(
jev yqka fial' yeisfrhs'

isgqjrhd uq.,ka ysñ oel Wkajykafiag bj;aj hk nUrd mdgg yd iqj`og ydkshla fkd lr uf,ys meKs
fia ksfhda. lf<a h' Wkajykafia lsisjla fkd lshd f.k mrd.kh u.ska t, ork ;;aFjh o we;s lrhs'
tysu jev isáh y' wjidkfha lr .; yels lsisjla NsËqj o .ul yeisßh hq;af;a ta whqßks'
ke;s ;ek uq.,ka yssñhkag oSu i`oyd b;d l=vd
lejqula ;kkakehs fyf;u ìß|g mejiS h' ta wkqj ´ újrKh
yekaolg msá uqiqfjka b;d iaj,amhla f.k ;dÉÑhg
oeïud h' thska iEÿKq lejqfuka uq`M ;dÉÑh u msßKs' .dfu uqkS pfr( NsËQka jykafia kula .ulska m%;H ,nd .kafka
b;du;a fi!uH ú,difhks' ms~q isÕd hk NsËqjla f.ms<sfj,ska
ìß`o jeroSulska msá uqiq j jeämqr oud we;ehs ksy~j .uka lrñka yekaola muK jQ iaj,amhla ,nd .kshs'
is;+ isgdfKda ;ud u weÕs,s follg wiqjk ;rfï wfkl=;a m%;Hh úIfhys jqj o b,a,Sulska fyda n,mEulska
iaj,amhla ;dÉÑhg oeïfï h' th o w;s úYd, f;drj ,nd .ekSu isß;h' ljr whqrlska j;a .u ziQrdlEulaZ
lejqula njg m;a úh' Tjqka kej; kej; jEhï isÿ fkd fõ' nurl= u,lska frdka .kafka o ta whqßkauh' uf,ys
j¾Kh fyda iq.kaOhg ydkshla fkd flfrhs' nurd frdka .;a
l< o l=vd lejqula ;kd.kakg neß úh' l=vd lejqï
úg u, mrd.kh ù Mf,da;amdokh isÿ fjhs' tfuka u NsËQka
;kkakg uykais fjkjd fjkqjg l,ska ;kd we;s jykafia YsËdj ms<s.;a úg odhlhdg l=Y, lu_ /ia fjhs'
idudkH m%udKfha lejqï j,ska tlla fokakg TjQyq tu.ska fuf,dj fukau mrf,dj o wNsjDoaêh ie,fihs' NsËqjla
;SrKh l< y' wNsksIal%uKh u.ska iudcfhka neyer jQjd fia fmkqK o
t;=uka f.a l%shdldß;ajh yqfola ;ud f.a úuqla;sh wrnhd fkdj
wkHhkaf.a o úuqla;sh wrnhd jQjls'
lejqï ;kd /ialr ;snqKq fmÜáfhka tl lejqula
.kakg ìß`o ;e;a l< o wreu mqÿu whqßka tys ish¨
u lejqï tlg ne£ ;sìK' tlla fjka lr .kakg
yelshdjla fkd ;sìK' fï jk úg lejqï lk wdYdj
isgq;=ud f.ka ;=rka ù .sfha h' ish¨ u lejqï uq.,ka
ysñhkag mQcd lrkakehs fya mejiS h' uq.,ka yssñfhda
isgq;=ud yd foaúhg O¾u foaYkdjla l< y' tfuka u
nqÿ mshdKka Tjqka tk;=re n,d isák nj o mejiQ y'
nqÿrÿka jev isá ieje;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrduhg rc.y
kqjr isg ÿr fhdÿka 45 ls' uq.,ka ysñfhda isgqjrhd
yd foaúh ish Roaê n,fhka nqÿka yuqjg meñKjQ
y' Tjqka tys .sfha lejqï fmÜáh o /f.k h' th
nqÿrcdKka jykafiag yd NsËQka jykafia,d mkaishhla
y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 17
 wkqkaf.a r`Mmr`M nia yd l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg" ish lghq;= i,ld ne,sh hq;='

50' k mfrix úf,dudks wkqka f.a fodia mfrdia nia fyda

k mfrix l;dl;x l< fkd l< foa .ek;a fkd fidhd
w;a;fkdZj wfjlafLhH ;uka f.a wvqmdvq lï yd
l;dks wl;dks p ^4(7& l< fkd l< foa n,kq úuid

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wkqka .ek fkdj - ;uka úuikq
4 ^6& mdfjhH wdÔjlhd f.a j; ^50 .d:dj&

ie je;a kqjr wdÔjlhl= mq;a ;k;=f¾ ;nd jevQ

tla fmdfydi;a ldka;djla wern foõru jev
úiQ nqÿ rcdKka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< fial'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^50 .d:dj&

mfrix úf,dudks k mfrix l;dl;x k w;a;fkd

tj l;dks wl;dks p wfjlafLhH
ks;r ks;r nqÿrÿka olakg hk ieoeyj;=ka"
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a .=K uysuh yd O¾u foaYkd mfrix( wkqka f.a¦ úf,dudks( wvq mdvq fiùï¦ k(
fl!Y,Hh .ek lrk jeKqï wid fï ldka;djg fkd is;kak¦ mfrix( wkqka f.a l;d( l;x( l<
nqÿrÿka oel oyï wikakg wdYdjla we;s lr .;a;S fkd l< foa¦ k( fkd is;kak¦ w;a;fkd tj( ;uka
h' tfy;a wdÔjlhd Bg lsis úfgl bv fkd fohs' f.a u¦ l;dks( l< foa¦ wl;dks( fkd l< foa¦
wka;sfï" —tfia kï uu nqÿrÿka uf.a ksjig jevu wfjlafLhH( mÍËd lr n,kak'
lrjd f.k oyï wikafkñ˜hs is;d ish mq;%hdg
nqÿrÿka yuqù ;u ksjfia oj,a odkh i|yd jevu wkHhka wmg olajk úreoaO" úfõpk .ek fyda wkqka
lrjk fia wdrdOkh lrkakehs kshu lf<a h' lrk fkd lrk foa .ek fkdj ;uka lrk yd fkd
lrk foa .ek úuid ne,Su hym;a h'
mq;%hd o wdrdOkh i|yd fÊ;jkdrduhg hk
w;r u. wdÔjlhd f.a wdrduhg o f.dv úh' Tyq újrKh
nqÿrÿkag oj,a odkh i|yd meñfKkakehs werhqï
lsÍug hk nj oek.;a fya th j<lkakg fndfyda mfrix l;d l;dks( wkqka l< lS foa yd fkd l< foa .ek fiùu
iudcfha fndfyda fokd w;r mj;akd iajNdjhls' fï .d:dj tu
W;aidy lf<a h' tfy;a uj f.a wKg wlSlre jkakg ÿj_,;dj ms<sn|j i|yka lrhs' fuh yqfola .syshkg muKla
wleue;s orejd Bg tlÕ fkd jQQfhka" —tfia kï" Wreu .;shla fkd j meúoaokg o Wreu iajNdjhls' tfy;a fuh
odkhg wdrdOkd lrkak' tfy;a ksjig tk ud._ wOHd;añl oshqKqjg ndOdjls' tfuka u b;du;a u wjYH ldhH_hla
úia;r fkd lshd jyd wdmyq tkak' túg nqÿrÿkag jQ wka;rjf,dalkh j<ld ,hs'
meñfKkakg neß jkq we;' msikq ,nk rij;a wdydr
wm fofokdg wkqNj l< yelsh˜ hs Wmfoia ÿkafka h'
orejd o ta lS f,iska u lf<a h'

miq osk nqÿrÿkag uÕ jros;shs is;d .;a wdÔjlhd

Wfokau tu ksjig .sfha h' Wmdisldj o Tyq miqmi
ldurfhl ys÷jd nqÿrÿka ms<s.ekSug ksji irid
fNdack ms<sfh< fldg n,d isáhd h' nqÿrÿkg lsisjl=
uÕ lsjhq;= ke;s fyhska Wkajykafia kshu fõ,djg
tys jevu l< y' ldka;dj o b;d m%KS; fNdackfhka
nqÿ mshdKka jykafiag odkudkdosfhka Wjgeka l<d h'

oka j<|d wjidkfha" nqÿrcdKka jykafia wkqfufjks

nK foiQ y' Wmdisldj o b;d ieoeyefhka nK
wikakS jßka jr idÿldr ÿkakd h' ta wid isá wdÔjl
f;u BIH_dfjka oeù ldurfhka t<shg wjq;a —;S oeka
b;ska uf.a odhsldjla fkd fõ' ;S fudyq f.a nKg
idÿldr ÿkakS h' ta fkd ;rï l%shdjls˜ wdoS jYfhka
Mrei jpkfhka neK jeoS hkakg .sfha h'

t;eka mgka Wmdisldj f.a is;g nK fkd jegfyhs'

nqÿrÿkg tu udkisl úm¾hdih jegysk' —Wmdisldj
uf.a nK oeka Tfí is;g fkd jegfyhs'˜ nqÿ rÿka
mejiQ úg —iajdókS" ta wdÔjlhd f.a l;dfjka ud is;
úhjq,a úh' ta neKqï j,ska uu lïmd ùñZZhs mejiqjd
h' wehg wjjdo l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wkHhka f.a
wj,do l;d" l< fkd l< foa .ek fkd is;d ;uka
l< fkd l< foa .ek n,d .ekSu jvd fyd`o nj
mjid fï .d:dj o jod< y'
y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 19
 oyï oek bf.k ta wkqj fkd ms<smosk ;eke;a;dg ta oyfuka jevla ke;af;a h'

51' h:dms reÑrx mqmaMx fyd`o ,iaiK u,la jqj;a

jKaKjka;x w.kaOlx m, ke;s fia iqj`o kef;d;a
tjx iqNdis;d jdpd fkdms<smosk nK mohla
wM,d fyd;s wl=ínf;d ^4(8& m, ke;s fjhs ñysß kuq;a

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ms<smeoafoda;ska muKla - nfKka wmg fõh jevla
4 ^7& P;a;mdks f.a l;dj ^51 yd 52 .d:d&

P ;a;mdks kï Wmdil ;ek yd mfiakoS fldfid,a

rc;=ud f.a foaùka fo fok wern Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia foõrï fjfyroS fï .d:d fol jod< fial'
tkakg fya;=j@˜ hs rcf;fï m%Yak lf<a h'
—uy rc;=uks" Tn jykafia ud le|jk nj weiQ
iefKlska Tn jykafiag yrir msKsi tajd uqod
;enqfjñ'˜ —tfia kï" ud uyrc nj wo Tn oek
ieje;a kqjr úiQ P;a;mdks" Ou_ úkh ms<sn| ukd .;a;dæ˜
oekqula we;sj isá ilod.dñ M,h m;a .Dyia:
nqoaO Y%djlfhla jQfha h' tla ysñosß fmdaod Wohl —foajhka jykai ud ta nj yeuodu;a oek isáhd˜
P;a;mdks Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia neye olskakg wdfha h' —tfyu kï" tod nqÿrÿka yuqfõ oS Tn ud oel oel;a
idudkHfhka fmda osk fmfyjia /lSu .sys fn!oaOhka lsis .re irejla ke;sj ys|f.k u isáfha@˜
f.a isß; jqjo ilod.dó jQjka yeu od fmfyjia —foajhka jykai" ta Tn jykafia flf¾ ks.%y lrkq
rlsk fyhska tosk jqj o úfYaIhla fkd ù h' msKsi fkd fõ' ud tod isáfha ;=ka f,djg u w.% jQ
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqfõ' Wka jykafia yuqfõ Tn
is,aj;a Wmdilhl= jQ P;a;mdks tod Nd.Hj;=ka ;=udg yrir msKsi keÕS isáhd kï thska Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia olakg f.dia je|" kuialdr fldg Ou_ jykafiag wjudkhla jkakg ;snqKd' ta ksid ud fkd
Y%jKh lrñka yqkafka h' fï w;r ;=r mfiakoS keÕsg isáhd ñi uyrc ;=udg wjudkhla lrkakg
fldfid,a rc;=ud o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia oel yr-ir is;=jd fkd fjhs'˜
olajkq jia tys meñKsfha h' rc;=ud tkq ÿgq P;a;mdks
—oeka uy rc;=ud fuys tk úg ud keÕsg .re l< ta weiQ uy rcf;u —fyd`ohs .sh foa .shdfõ' ug
hq;= o@ rc;=udg wm .re l< hq;= jqj;a oeka ud wdrxÑhs Tn fuf,dj-mrf,dj folgu ys;lr
isákafka ;=ka f,dald.% nqÿrcdKka jykafia iómfhys Ou_ ldrKd ms<sn|j úYdrofhla nj' tajf.a u
h' tfia fyhska ud rc;=udg yrir olajkakg .sh Ou_ úkh mss<sn| fyd`o oekqula Tng ;sfhk ksid
fyd;a nqÿrcdKka jykafiag ks.%yhla l<d fjhs' uf.a wka;#mqrhg ks;r weú;a ta ldka;djkag Ou_
rc;=ud iuÕ isák úg ud m%dka; rc flkl=g .re foaYkd lrkak uu Tng werhqï lrkjd˜hs mejiS h'
fkd l< hq;= mßoafoka u nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqfjys P;a;mdks ta woyig leue;a;la fkd oelaù h'
rc;=udg .re fkd l< hq;af;a h' tfyhska rc;=ud ud —foajhka jykai" uu talg kï leue;a;la kE˜hs Tyq
flf¾ fldam .kaafka jqj o uu yqkiafkka fkd keÕS mejiQ úg Bg fya;= olajk f,i rc;=ud b,a,d isáfha
isáñ˜hs is;d .;af;a h' ta wkqj rc;=ud meñKs úg h' —foajhka jykai" rc f.or fndfydu kS;s Í;s"
P;a;mdks ke`.S isg .re lsÍula fkd lf<a h' ^fuys o~qjï ;sfhk ;ekla' pdß;% jdß;% fndfyduhs' th
oelafjk wdo¾Yh kqjKska jgyd .eka u m%fhdackj;a álla wk;=reodhl jevla˜hs fya mejiS h' —tod isÿ
h' wmg jvd fY%aIaGhka iu. hul= isák úg Tyq jQ foa .ek uf.a ysf;a hï wukdmhla ;sfnkjd hehs
f.ka yrir fkd ,enqKd hhs wm fldam fkd.; hq;=h' Tn fj; nhla ;shd .kak tmd' uu th wu;l l<d˜
kqjKe;af;da tfia is;a fkd i;=gq lr fkd .ks;s'& hs rc;=ud mejiQj o —foajhka jykai" meúos W;=uka
l< hq;= foaj,a .sys wm lrkakg hdu yß keye' ta
flfia jqj o P;a;mdks keÕsg ;udg wdpdr iudpdr ksid thg NsËq kula u fhdojd .kak˜ hs P;a;mdks
fkd oelaùu .ek fldfid,a rcq fldamhg m;a úh' fndfyda ksy;udkS f,i lshd isáfha h'
t;l=ÿ jqj;a ksy~ j Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag je|
kuialdr lr tl;amiaj yqkafka h' rc;=ud lsmS isák újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^51 .d:dj&
nj o;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyrc" fï P;a;mdks
Wmdil ;ek keKjf;ls' Ou_h ms<sn| úYdrofhls' h:d wms reÑrx jKaKjka;x w.kaOlx mqmaMx h:d"
,dNfhys fuka u w,dNfhys o lïmd fkd jkafkls'˜ tjx iqNdis;d jdpd wms wl=ínf;d wM,d fyd;s'
wdoS jYfhka Tyq ms<sn| .=K j¾Kkdjla l< fial'
ta wid isá rc;=ud f.a yo ;rula uDÿ úh' tla h:d wms( hï fia¦ reÑrx( m%shxlr¦ jKaKjka;x(
oskla WoEik" uyrc f;u ish ud,s.fhys iS ueÿre j¾Kj;a¦ w.kaOlx( iqj`o ke;s¦ mqmaMx( u,la¦ h:d(
ljq¿fjka uy uÕ foi n,d isák úg P;a;mdks hï fia ^ksIam%fhdack& o¦ tjx( tfiau¦ iqNdis;d
Wmdil ;ek mdjyka me<| l=vh o ord f.k rc jdpd( iqNdIs; jpkh ^Ou_h&¦ wms( o" wl=ínf;d(
ùosh osf.a .uka lrkq t;=ud f.a fk; .eáK' Tyq ms<smeoSula fkd lrkakdg¦ wM,d fyd;s( ksIam%fhdack
jyd u rc ueÿrg le|jkakehs rc f;u ksfhda.hla fjhs'
ÿkafka h' mKsjqvh ,;a jydu l=vh yl=<d mdjyka
uqod ;nd .re ire we;sj ud,s.hg msúiqKq P;a;mdks b;d m%shxlr j¾Kj;a mqIamhla jqj o iqj¢ka f;dr
rc;=udg yrir olajd tl;a mfil úkS; j isáfha h' kï ksIaM, fiau ukdj foaYs; Ou_hla jqj o l%shd;aul
—Wmdilh" mdjyka uqod ;nd P;%h o mfil ;nd fkd lrkafka kï m%fhdack fkd ,efí'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 21

 oyu oek bf.k ta wkqj yeisfrk ;eke;a;dg ta oyu fudkjg ys; iem t<jhs'

52' h:dms reÑrx mqmaMx fyd`o ,iaiK mdg u,la

jKaKjka;x i.kaOlx we;s úg bñysß iqj`ola
tjx iqNdis;d jdpd ta jdf.hs nK mohla
iM,d fyd;s il=ínf;d ^4(9& ms<smosf;d;a fõh irKla'

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ms<s meoafoda;ska muKla - nfKka wmg fõh jevla
4 ^7& P;a;mdks f.a l;dj ^51 iy 52 .d:d& b;sß fldgi'

r c;=ud thg tlÕ j P;a;mdksg iuqÿkafka h'

mfiakoS fldfid,a rcf;u ;u wka;#mqrfhys O¾u
foaYkd lrkakehs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag wdrdOkh lr
is;a mskjk j¾Kj;a mqIamh iq.kaOfhka o hqla;
kï th m%fhdackj;a h' tmßoafoka u ukdj foaYs;
uOqr O¾uh l%shd;aul lrkafka kï thska m%fhdack
heõfõ —iajdóks" uf.a w. ìfidajreka jQ u,a,sld yd ie,fihs'
jdiNL;a;shd —wms;a Ou_Or jkakg wdYd we;af;dauq˜ hs újrKh
lsh;s' tfyhska ksr;=rej u mkaishhla NsËQka jykafia
o legqj rc ud,s.hg jevu lr fuys O¾u foaYkd w.kaOlx( hs ye¢kajQfha mqIamhla iq.kaOfhka f;dr jQ nj yÕjkq
msKsih' u,l wm jvd;a u m%sh lrk wx.h iqj|hs' iqj| ke;
l< uekjZZ hs lshñks' tfy;a —uyrc" tlu ;eklg fyd;a th w.h fkd lruq' tfuka u O¾uh o ljr ;rï uOqr
ks;r ks;r meñKSu ug myiq ldhH_hla fkd fõ' wdldrfhka foaYkd lrkq ,enqjo l%shdjg fkd kÕkafka kï" tys
tfyhska uu ta ldhH_h wdkkao ia:úrhkag mjrñ˜ hs meje;afuka m%fhdackhla ke;' ioaO¾uh iq.kaê; jkafka l%shdjg
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ms<s;=re tjQ y' kxjk úg h'

i.kaOlx( mqIamh iqj| iys; jQ úg u,a ud,d ;ekSug" nqÿka

wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia o ks;r ks;r rc ud,s.hg msoSug" iqj| øjH ksIamdokhg jeks oyil=;a tlla foag th fhdod
jevu lr ìfidajrekg Ou_dkqYdikd lr;s' rc;=udf.a .kq ,efí' O¾uh o tfia u h'
foaùka w;=ßka u,a,sld foaúh ukdj Ou_Y%jKh lr
kej; kej; isysm;a lrñka OdrKh lr .kakd wl=ínf;d yd il=ínf;d( hk jpk j,ska Ou_fhys m%dfhda.sl
w;r m%.=K lsÍu o lrhs' tfy;a jdiNL;a;shd w.h olajkq ,efí' nqÿ oyu yqÿ úYajdi ud;%hla fkd fõ'
úYajdih mokï lr.;a wd.ï j, ndysr foaj;ajhl wdOdrh
t;rï Wkkaÿfjka Ou_h bf.kSula fyda ms<smeoSula m;d hd{d lsÍu m%udKj;a h' m%dfhda.slj ;uka u m%.=K l< hq;=
fkd lrhs' oekqu fuka u Ndú;h w;ska o ´ fndfyda YsËdjla wkjYH h' tfy;a nqÿ oyu úYajdih fjkqjg Ndú;h
miqng jQ jd h' oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wdkkao wjOdrKh lrhs' ;u ;u {dk m%udKh yd Yla;s m%udKh wkqj
ysñhka wu;d —wdkkao" Tn f.a rcjdi, Y%dúldjka ;u ;ud úiska m%.=K l< úg fn!oaO YsËdj m%;sM, odkh úiska
O¾uh fyd`og bf.k .kakjd o@˜ hs úuiQ y' —tfia h iq.kaê; fjhs' nqÿ oyu ms<smoskakd j¾Kj;a iq.kaê; mqIamhla
njg m;a fjhs'
iajdóks˜ hs wdkkao yssñfhda ms<s;=re ÿka y'

—ljqo jvd fyd¢ka bf.k .kafka@˜ —u,a,sld foaúh

fyd|g bf.k .kakjd' weh Wkkaÿfjka ijka fokjd"
fyd|g f;areï .kakjd' kej; wdj¾ckh lrkjd'
ta;a Tn jykafia f.a [d;s jßh" jdiNL;a;shd t;rï
Wkkaÿfjka ijka fokafka keye' yßhg f;areï
.kafka;a keye' ks;r isysm;a lrkafka;a keye˜ hs
wdkkao ysñfhda ms<s;=re ÿka y' —wdkkao" ud foaYkd
lrk Ou_h ieoeyfhka ijka fkd fok" bf.k fkd
.kak" kej; kej; u;la fkd lrk" foaYkd;a fkd
lrk ;eke;a;dg iqj`o ke;s ,iaik u,la fuka
ksIam%fhdack fjhs' thg Y%oaOdfjka ijka oS fyd¢ka
bf.k" kej; kej; fufkys fldg ;j whg;a
meyeos,s lr fok whg thska fndfyda m%fhdack w;a
fjkjd˜ hs jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d fol o
jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^52 .d:dj&

h:d wms reÑrx jKaKjka;x i.kaOlx mqmaMx h:d

tjx iqNdis;d jdpd wms il=ínf;d iM,d fyd;s'

h:d wms( hï fia¦ reÑrx( is;al`M¦ jKaKjka;x(

meyem;a¦ i.kaOlx( iqj`|e;s¦ mqmaMx( l=iqula¦
h:d( hï fia o¦ tjx( tfia u¦ iqNdis;d jdpd wms(
iqNdIs; Ou_h o¦ il=ínf;d( l%shd;aul lrkakdg¦
iM,d fyd;s( im%fhdack jkafka h'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 23

 u,a /ilska fndfyda u,a oï f.d;kafka hï fia o tfia u Wmka ñksid úiska fndfyda l=i,a l< hq;='

53' h:dms mqmaMrdisïyd u,a /ilska ukd

lhsrd ud,d.=fK nyQ ud,d iok whqrska
tjx cdf;k uÉfÉk Wmka wm ieu fok
l;a;ínx l=i,x nyqx ^4(10& fndfyda mska l< hq;=uh

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ukq f,dafla Wmkafkd;ska - l< hq;=fjhs l=i,a ks;ska
4 ^8& úYdLdjka f.a l:d m%jD;a;sh ^53 .d:dj&

mQ j_drduh ;kjd mQcd l< úYdLd ufydamdisldj

ksñ;s lr f.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
tu úydria:dkfha u jev fjfiñka jod< fial'
fkd oS ;srhlska miqmi isg oï wiñhs mejiQ fya ;srh
miqmi isg weiQ nKska nqÿrÿka flf¾ meyeoS fidajdka
M,h o ,nd ;ukag oyï wei mdod.kakg Woõ l<
f,a,sh uõ ;k;=f¾ ;nd f.!rj l<d h' tfyhska
Noaosh kqjr Okxch isgdKka f.a;a iqukd foaúh úYdLdjg zñ.dr ud;dZ hk ku o Ndú;hg wdfõ h'
f.a;a oshKsh jQ úYdLd ìïìidr rc;=ud f.a md,kfha
mej;s u.O rdcHfha úiQ mxp uyd isgqjreka f.ka tla úYdLdfjda msßñ orejka oy fokl=g o .eyeKq
whl= jQ fuKavl f.a ñKsmsßh jQjd h' orejka oy fofkl=g o uj jQjd h' ta yeugu o
msßñ orejka 10 ne.ska yd .eyeKq orejka 10 ne.ska
úYdLd i;a yeúßosj" isáh oS nqÿrcdKka jykafia ,eìK'
Noaosh k.rhg iïm%dma; jQ y' ta wjia:dfõ oS
fuKavl isgdfKda úYdLdj yd weh f.a msßjr úYdLdjkg ish mshd úiska újdy ux.,Hh od
l=ußhka mkaishhla fokd o legqj nqÿka olskakg .sh ;E.s lrk ,o udKslH rdYshlska iu,xlD; uyd
y' nqÿrÿka l< oyï foiqu wid fuKavl isgdfKda wdNrKhla úh' oskla fuu uy,sh m<|kdj me<|
o" úYdLdfjda o msßjr l=ußfhda o hk fï yeu fokd foõrï fjfyrg .sh wehg tysoS th wu;l
fidajdka M,fhys msysáh y' úKs' wdNrKh nr jeä fyhska th n,d .kakehs
fiaúldjlg ndr oS ;snqKs' weh th mfil ;nd f.k
jeä jhig m;a úYdLd ieje;a kqjr ñ.dr isgqjrhd isáh o wdmiq tk úg wu;l úh' wdkkao yssñhka
f.a mq;%hd jQ mQK_j¾Okg újdy lr fok ,oaoS h' úiska th úydria:dkh ;=< mfriaiñka ;nd ;snqK o
oskla ñ.dr isgq;=ud wdydr .ksñka isákd w;r NsËq oeka th ;ukag ysñ ke;ehs ;SrKh l< úYdLd th
kula ms~q isÕd meñKsfha h' Tyq th .Kklg fkd úl=Kd ,efnk uqo,ska wdrduhla lrjkakg ;SrKh
f.k wdydr .kq ÿgq úYdLd ysñ ku fj; f.dia l<d h' lsisjl=g wdNrKhla t;rï ñ<lg .; fkd
—ysñhks" uf.a udud mqrdKhla wkqNj lrhs˜ hs yels jQfhka ;ud u th fldaá kuhlg ñ, oS f.k
mejiqjd h' thska fldamhg m;a ñ.dr úYdLdjkg ta uqo,ska k.rfhys kef.kysr me;af;ys mQj_drduh
ksjiska neyer hk fia ksfhda. l< o —uu fkdhñ' kñka mkai,la bos l<d h'
ud hd hq;= o ke;aoehs ;SrKh l< hq;af;a ud újdy jQ
oskfha fu n÷ wjia:dj,g ueosy;a jk fia m;a l< újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^53 .d:dj&
keKj;a jDoaO isgqjreka wg fokd úisks˜ hs' mejiQ ´
Tjqka le|jQjd h' h:d wms mqmaMrdisïyd nyq ud,d.=fK lhsrd tjx
cdf;k uÉfpk nyqx l=i,x l;a;ínx
Tjqka yuqfõ ñ.dr ;u meñKs,a, lf<a h' úYdLd
;uka mqrdKhla hehs lSfõ zwiqÑZ hk wre;ska h:d wms( hï fia¦ mqmaMrdisïyd( u,a /ilska¦
fkdj fmr l< mskska ,;a fohla hk wre;ska nj;a nyq( fndfyda¦ ud,d.=fK( u,a oï¦ lhsrd( lrkafka
ñ:HdoDIaál ñ.dr mjqf,a wh j;_udkfha mskla o¦ tjx( ta whqßka u¦ cdf;k( Wmka¦ uÉfÉk(
fkd lrk fyhska th w¾: iïmkak nj;a meyeos,s i;a;ajhka¦ nyqx( fndfyda¦ l=i,x( l=i,a¦ l;a;ínx(
l< úg weh ksjro nj úoaj;a jeäysáfhda ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
l< y' wk;=rej úYdLd —uu f;rejka flf¾
meyeÿKq fndÿ l;lañ' mskla oyula fkd flfrk fï u,a oï fk,kafkla u,a rdYshla tl;= lr f.k
ñiosgq l=,fhys ug úish fkd yelsh'˜ hs mjid —uu fndfyda u,a ud,d f.d;kakdla fuka Wmka i;a;ajhka
hñ˜ hs hkakg ieriqKd h' tfy;a wehg ;uka ßis úiska o fndfyda mskalï lr.; hq;= h'
mßos nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg oka ms<s.ekaùug wjir
,enqKq fyhska ´ fkd .shd h' újrKh

miqosk u úYdLd nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg oka l=i,a lrñka idOq p¾hdfjka l,a .; lrkakd f.a Ôú;h u,a oï
f.d;kakl=g iudk lr we;' wfma Ôú; ldhH_ ish,a, u,a f.dvla
mssßkeuqjd h' oka ms<s.kajkakg tkakehs ñ.drg o jekak' fï u,a u,aoï njg f.d;d .ekSug yeu fokdu iu;a
werhqï l<o fya fkd meñKsfha h' oka ms<s.ekaùfuka jqj ukdh' wm ,nd we;s ;djld,sl Ôú;h ;=< yels ;rï l=i,a
miq nqÿrÿka wkqfufjks nK foikakg ierfik úg ´ oyï lr .; hq;= h'
h<s;a ;u uduKaähg mKsjqvhla heõjd h' fojk jr
werhqï l< úg m%;sfËam lsÍu kqiqÿiq hehs is;+ ñ.dr
tkakg ierfik úg tys meñK isá ks>KaG kd:mq;a;
f.a ne;su;ayq Tyq je<l+ y' tfy;a nqÿrÿkg uqyqK
y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 25
 u,a iqj`o Wvq iq<Õg fkd yukafka h' i;a .=Kj;=ka f.a is,a iqj`o u by<g yufka h'

54' k mqmaM.kafOd májd;fu;s u,a j, iqj| Wvq iq<Õg fkdhkafka

k pkaokx ;.ru,a,sld jd oeiuka i÷ka iqj|;a kE yukafka
i;[ap .kafOd májd;fu;s i;a .=K iqj| Wvq iq<fÕ;a úysfokafka
iínd osid imamqßfid mjd;s ^4(11& hym;a wh f. .=K oi w; oefkkafka

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 úysfok yeu ;ek - iqj|hs hy .=K
4 ^9& wdkkao ysñhka keÕ+ m%Yakh ^54 iy 55 .d:d&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih lrk iufhys

wdkkao ysñhka úiska úuik ,o m%Yakhla
fya;=fjka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d foaYkd
mqmaM.kafOd( u,a iqj|¦ májd;x( Wvq iq<Õg¦
k t;s( fkd ths¦ pkaokx p( i÷ka ^iqj|& o¦ ;.r(
;=jr,d o¦ u,a,sld jd( iuka msÉp ^iqj|& o¦ k(
l< y' fkd t;s¦ i;x( i;a mqreIhka f.a¦ .kafOd( iqj|¦
májd;x p( Wvq iq<Õg o¦ t;s( ths¦ imamqßfid(
oskla wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia úfõlSj isák w;r hym;a ;eke;a;d¦ iínd osid( yeu osYdjg u¦
fufia is;+y' —f,dj w.%.KH iqj| j._ ;=kla .ek mjd;s( ^iqj|& yuhs'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jodr;s' tkï"
u,a iqj|" i`ÿka iqj|" ;=jr,d iqj|" iuka msÉp
1' yr iqj| ^i÷ka jeks& iqj| wdosh Wvq iq<fÕa fkd úysfohs - i;a mqreIhka
2' uq,a iqj| ^iejekaord jeks& f.a .=K iqj| muKla Wvq iq<fÕa úysfohs' hym;a
3' u,a iqj| ^iuka jeks& hk ;=khs' mqoa.,hka f.a .=K iqj| yeuZ;u úysfoa'

fï iqj| j._ ;=k u há iq<Õg ñi Wvq iq<Õg újrKh

fkdhhs' Wvq iq<Õg hk iqj|la ;sfí o@ ke;fyd;a
yeu w;g u hk iq<Õla ;sfí o@ fuh fidhd fï .d:d fol foaYkd lf<a wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia wrnhd h'
fn!oaO b;sydifhys wdkkao ysñhkag ysñ jkafka b;d jeo.;a
.ekSug ud ;ksju is;Sfuka we;sjk m%;sM,hla ke;' ia:dkhls' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska lrk ,o O¾u foaYkd
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka u wid oek .ksñ'˜ jeä yßhla u jd¾;d lr .kakd ,oafoa wk`o ysñhka úisks' Wka
jykafia tajd m%:u Ou_ ix.S;sfha oS bosßm;a l< y' md,s iQ;%j,
fufia is;+ wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia tla ikaOHdjl uq,ska u yuqjk ztajx fï iq;xZ hk jpk wdkkao uyd ia:úrhka
Ndjkdfjka keÕsg nqÿrÿka yuqjg f.dia Wkajykafia jykafia f.a jpk h'
f.ka fufia úuiQ y' —iajdóks" fï f,dalfhys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a fm!oa.,sl Wmia:dhl Oqrh ork ,oafoa
w.%.KH iq.kaOhka jQ yr iqj|" uq,a iqj| yd u,a wk| ysñhka úisks' ksr;=rej u Wkajykafia iu. .ejfiñka
iqj| hk fï yeu úysfokafka há iq<fÕa h' ta tlla Ou_h wikakg;a" OdrKh lr .kakg;a Nd.Hh ,;a fyhska wk|
j;a Wvq iq<`.g fkd hhs' iajdóks" Wvq iq<Õg fyda Wvq ysñhkag Ou_NdKavd.dßl hk jHjydrh o úh'
yd há yeu iq<Õg u úysfok iqj`ola ke;a o@˜
uq,a fodf<dia ji ;=< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ks;H Wmia:dhlfhla
fkd ù h' jßka jr úúO NsËQka jykafia lSm kula ;djld,slj
—wdkkao" Wvq iq<Õg fuka u há iq<Õg;a úysfok Wkajykafia f.a Wmia:dk lghq;= l< y' kd.iud," kd.s;"
iq.kaOhla ;sfí'˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< y' Wmjdk" iqklaL;a;" pqkao" id.," rdO iy fu>sh hk ysñjre ta
—ta l=uk iq.kaOhla o iajdóks˜hs wdkkao ysñfhda w;r jQ y'
úuiQ y' —wdkkao" lsishï .ul fyda k.rhl
tla oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia kd.iud, f;rKqjka iu. os.
mqreIfhla fyda ia;%shla fyda nqoaO" Oïu" iX> hk .ukla .sh y' tla;rd ykaoshl oS kd.iud, ysñfhda tla uÕla
f;rejka irK .sfha o" m%dKjOfhka" fidrlï .ksuq hs fhdackd l< y' wfkla uÕ .ksuqhs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
lsÍfuka" ldufhys jrojd yeisÍfuka" fndre lSfuka" fhdackd l< y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a fhdackdj ms<s fkd .;a
iqrd mdkfhka je<l=fKa o" hy.=K jvñka" uiqre u, ysñ ku nqÿrÿka f.a md;%h yd isjqre ìu ;nd hkakg ierfi;a
yer mß;Hd.YS,Sj" oSug yqre jQ w;a we;sj" b,a,Sï u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia th ishZ;g .;a y' nqÿrÿka ;ksj tla
uÕl h;a § thg tfrysj fjk;a uÕla .;a ysñku uqyqK mEfõ
j,g ijka fok iq`Mj" fnod yod f.k N+la;s ú`£ug uyd w;jrhlg h' uÕoS ux myrk fydre Wkajykafia f.a md
yqrej jihs o tjekakd f.a W;=ï .=K oi foiu jik isjqre meyer f.k ysig fmd`M myrla o t,a, l< y' f,a fmfrk
meúoafoda o j¾Kkd lr;a' foúfhda o j¾Kkd lr;a' ysiska hq;=j kej; nqÿrÿka fidhd wd NsËqjg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
wij,a .fï wij,a ia;%sh" wij,a mqreIhd fun÷ .=K wjjdo fldg iekiQ y'
B<Õ msgqj yd nef|a
we;af;a hhs l;d ny lr;a' tnkaod f.a .=Kh Wvq
iq<Õg;a há iq<Õg;a oi w;gu;a úysÿfKa hehs
lsj yel˜hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia meyeos,s l< fial'
wk;=rej fï .d:d fol o jod< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^54 .d:dj&

mqmaM.kafOd májd;x k t;s pkaokx p ;.ru,a,sld

jd k i;x .kafOd májd;x p t;s imamqßfid
iíndosid mjd;s

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 27

 i`ÿka Wmq,a wdoS iqj`o oE w;=frka yg .efkk iqj`og jvd is,a iqj`o u b;d w.fka h'

55' pkaokx ;.rx jdZms i÷ka ;=jr,d iqj|hs

Wmam,x w: jiaislS Wmq,a iy iuka iqj|hs
tf;ix .kaOcd;dkx fï fldhs iqj|;a mroshs
iS, .kafOd wkq;a;frd ^4(12& jvd W;=ï is,a iqj|hs'

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 úysfok yeu ;ek - iqj|hs hy .=K
4 ^9& wdkkao ysñhka keÕ= m%Yakh ^54 iy 55 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

újrKh jevu l< hq;= h'

fmr msgqj yd nef|a
6' ÿr isg meñfKk wd.ka;=lhka nqÿka oelSu i|yd le|jd

; j;a j;djl Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fu>sh ysñhka iu. cka;=

kï .ug jevu lroaoS fu>sh ysñfhda .uk fjkia fldg wU
jkhlg msúi Ndjkd lrkakg ;SrKh lr .;af;a h' Nd.Hj;=ka
f.k taug wk| ysñhkag bv osh hq;= h'

7' ;ukag ielhla we;s jQ ´kEu fõ,djl nqÿrÿka

jykafia f.a md isjqre Wkajykafia w;g u ndroS Nd.Hj;=ka neyeolskakg wk| ysñhkag wjia:dj ;sìh hq;= h'
jykafia ztmdZ lshoaoS u fu>sh ysñfhda Ndjkdj msKsi wU
jkhg .sh y' miqj nqÿrÿka olakg wd fu>sh ysñfhda ;uka f.a 8' wk| ysñhka ke;s ;ek lrk Ou_ foaYkd wk| ysñhkag o
Ndjkdj wid¾:l jQ nj ie,lr isáh y' ieje;a kqjrg jevu foaYkd l< hq;= h'
l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsËqka wu;d fï wñysß w;aoelSï úia;r
l< y' oeka ;uka jhiska ;rula jeä fyhska ks;H Wmia:dhlhl== nqÿrÿka fï b,a,Sï j,g leu;s jQ miq wdkkao ysñfhdaa Wmia:dhl
we;akï hym;a nj o NsËQka jykafia,d g oekqï ÿka y' Oqrh Ndr .;a y' t;eka mgka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag Wjgeka l<
wdkkao ysñfhda WKq meka-isys,a meka ,nd§fuka" ;%súO oeyeá o~q
ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia jyd keÕS isg ;uka ;:d.;hka msßkeófuka" isrer msßue§fuka yd uq`M ? ;siafia u wdrËdj
jykafia f.a ks;H Wmia:dhl;ajh orkakg leu;s nj m%ldY lr ie,iSfuka ;u hq;=lï bgq l< y' ? uq`M,af,ys .sks yq<la
isáh o w.% Y%djl jYfhka Wka jykafiag fjk;a ldhH_ Ndrhka yd ierháhla o iQodkï lr f.k ;uka le|jk ´kEu úgl
we;s fyhska nqÿyq th wkqu; fkd l< y' fufia fndfyda fcHIaG .kaOl=áhg meñKSug iQodkñka isák wk| ysñfhda /hlg kj
Y%djlhka tu ks,h wheo isáh o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Bg leu;s jrla .kaO l=áh jgd mÍËdfjka weúoao y' .kaOl=áh w;=m;=
fkd jQ y' wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia ksy~j isákq ÿgq NsËQyq Tn .d msßisÿ lf<a o Wkajykafia u h' iïnqoaO mßks¾jdKh f;la u
jykafia ksy~j isákafka ukao@ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tn b,a,d wk| ysñfhda fï j;dj;a fkd msßfy,d bgq l< y'
isáhfyd;a leu;s jkakg bv ;sfí hehs lS y' tfy;a wk| ysñhka
lshd isáfha —uu Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska u ud f;dard m;a lr t;l=ÿ jqj;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a Ôú; ld,h ;=< ry;a
.kq ,nkakg leue;af;ñ˜ hkqfjks' ta weiQ nqÿ mshdfKda —ljqreka jkakg Wka jykafia wiu;a jQ y' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka i;s
fkd lSj;a wdkkao ud f.a Wmia:dhlhdKka jYfhka lghq;= lssysmhlg miq m%:u ix.dhkd fõ uq,a u osk Wkajykafia ry;a
lrkjd we;˜ hs jod< y' nj ,o y'

wdkkao ysñhka w.% Wmia:dhl Oqrh Ndr .;af;a fldkafoais wgla újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^55 .d:dj&
we;sj h'

1' nqÿrÿkag ,efnk w.kd isjqre wk| ysñhkag fkd osh pkaokx ;.rx jd Wmam,x wms w: jiaislS tf;ix
hq;= h' .kaOcd;dkx iS,.kafOd wkq;a;frd

2' nqÿrÿkag ,efnk m%%KS; wdydr wdkkao ysñhkag fkd osh pkaokx( i÷ka¦ ;.rx( ;=jr,d¦ jd( fyda¦ Wmam,x(
hq;= h' Wmq,a¦ wms( jqjo¦ w:( tfuka u¦ jiaislS( msÉp u,a o¦
3' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a .kaOl=áfhys wdkkao ysñhkag
tf;ix( hk fï¦ .kaOcd;dkx( iqj| cd;Skag jvd¦
kjd;eka fkd osh hq;= h' iS,.kafOd( is,a iqj|¦ wkq;a;frd( Wodrh'

4' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag odkudkdoshg ,efnk wdrdOkdjkag i÷ka" iejekaord" Wmq,a iuka msÉp jeks ljr iqj|la
hkakehs wk| ysñhkag ks, fkdl< ukdh' jqj o mrojk W;a;u jQ iqj| is,a iqj|hs'
5' wk| ysñhka ndr.kakd wdrdOkhkag nqÿrcdKka jykafia

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 29

 ;=jr,d i`ÿka wdoS iqj`o b;d iq¨h' is,aj;=kaf.a is,a iqj`o foõf,dj olajdu me;sf¾'

56' wmamu;af;d whx .kafOd i÷ka ;=jr,d iqj|hs

hdhx ;.r pkaokS tfy;a b;d iq¿ muKhs
fhd p iS,j;x .kafOd foõ f,dalhg;a oefkkafka
jd;s fofjiq W;a;fud ^4(13& is,a j;=ka f. is,a iqj|hs'

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 me;sfrhs is,a iqj| foõf,dj olajd u'
4 ^10& uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia ^56 .d:dj&

r c.y kqjr fõ`Mjkdrdufhys jev jdih lrk

fiala Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uyd ldYHm uy
f;reka wern fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jod< y'
hgm;a jkafka ke;' tfyhska oeka ud ;rï wirK jQ
ÿmamf;la ;j;a ke;˜ ta weiQ uyd ldYHm uyry;ka
jykafia —flfia jqj;a kej; fujeks l%shd fldg ud
rjgd oka fokakg fkd fm<fUkake˜hs wjjdo l< y'
oskla uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia i;a —iajdóks" ud oeka ÿka okska mskla isÿ fkdùoe˜hs
oskla iuj;a iqjfhka jev bka keÕS rc.y kqjr fyf;u úuiS h' —mska isÿúh˜hs f;reka jod< l,a ys
f.ms<sfj<ska ms~qisÕd hkakg ieriqKq fial' —l=i,a oyï lsÍug uu ne£ isáñ" iajdóks"˜ hs mejiQ
tflfKys ila foõ÷ka f.a wmairdfjda mka ishhla ilafoú f;u f;rekag je| kuialdr lr msg;a úh'
fokd ms~q mkaishhla ms<sfh< lrf.k uyd ldYHm
uy ry;ka jykafiag msßkukakg iQodkï l< y' ta Yl% foafõkaøhd i;=fgka Woka wkñka .sh whqre ÿgq
o /f.k uÕ /l isá Tjqyq f;reka wu;d —iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ish Y%djlhkag ta nj fy<s fldg
wmg wkqlïmd lr wmf.a odk jia;=j ms<s.; uekj˜ fï .d:dj o jod< fial'
hs wdrdOkh l< y' tfy;a uyd ldYHm iajdóka
jykafia —bj;ag hkak' uu ÿ.S ÿmam;=kag wkq.%y újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^56 .d:dj&
lrkafkñ˜ hs mejiQ y' thska uql=,s; jQ Tjqyq ÿlauqiqj
f.dia ila foõrÿkag tmj;a lshd mEy' fhd whx ;.rpkaokS whx .kafOd wmamu;af;d
iS,j;x fhd p .kafOd W;a;fud fofjiq jd;s'
—Tn ms<sfj< jrojd f.k we;' oka fok yeá uf.ka
bf.k .kak˜ hs mejiQ fyf;u b;d jhia.; ÿ.S fhd whx( hï fï¦ ;.r( iejekaord¦ pkaokS( i÷ka
wirKhl= f.a fjia f.k iqcd;d kï osjH wmairdjla ^iqj|la fõo&¦ whx .kafOd( tu iqj|¦ wmamu;af;d(
o uy`M wirK ia;%shla fia fjia .kakjd f.k wjq;a b;d iaj,am h¦ iS,j;x p( is,aj;=kaf.a¦
fros úhkakka f.a ùosfhys me,la ujd f.k tys isáfha fhd .kafOd( hï iqj|la fõ kï¦ W;a;fud( ^th&
h' uyd ldYHm ysñfhda o uu ÿmam;=kag wkq.%y W;=ï h¦ fofjiq( foúhka w;rg¦ jd;s( yuhs'
lrkafkuehs tu ùosfhys ms~q isÕd yeisfrkakg
.sh y' Yl%hd ujd .;a me, yd tys ÿ.S fjia f.k ;=jr,d" i÷ka wdosfhys iqj| is,aj;=ka f.a is,a iqj|
isá ila foú÷ ÿgq f;rKqfjda fï wirKhka f.ka yd iudk lrk úg b;d iaj,am h' ^tajd yukafka iq`M
oka ms<sf.k Tjqkg wkq.%y lrñ hs is;d tys ms~q ÿrla muKla fyhsks'& iss,aj;=ka f.a iS, iq.kaOh osjH
isÕd .sh y' ila foú÷ o f;reka f.a md;%h f.k f,dalhg mjd yuhs' ^foújreka w;rys;a me;sfrhs&
—iajdóks" wdydr l¾lY o uOqro wdoS jYfhka
fkd is;d wmg wkq.%y msKsi ms<sf.k j<|kafka kï újrKh
fhfyls˜ hs mjiñka oka ms<s.ekaù h'
.JO( fyj;a iqj| j¾. w;r ñksiqka úiska w.%.KH fldg
i,lk ,oafoa i÷ka" ;=jr,d ^iejekaord& yd iuka msÉp iqj| h'
fNdackfhys iqj`oska u th idudkH wdydrhla fkdj fï iqj| b;d iq`M mßñ; wjldYhl muKla me;sfrhs' tfy;a
osjHfNdackhlehs oek.;a uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka is,a iqj| foõ f,dj olajd me;sfrhs'
jykafia osjeiska n,d fï kï Yl%hd hs oek ye¢k
—Tn úiska lrk ,oafoa n,j;a mdmhls' ÿmamf;l=g
uy;a M, jkakg ;snqKq odkhla Tn úiska meyer
f.k we;af;a h'˜ hs ks.%y l< y' —iajdóks" ud muK
ÿmamf;la ;j;a isà oe˜ hs fya ne.Em;aj mejiS h'
—foõf,djg wêm;sj iqr iem ú`¢k f;dm ÿmam;a
jQfha flfia o@˜ hs uy f;reka m%Yak l< úg Yl%
foafõkaø f;u fufia mejiS h'

—iajdóks" ta fufia h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f,dj

my< ùug fmr uu l=i,a fldg fuys Wmkafkñ'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f,dj my< jQ miq mska fldg ug
jvd mqKH¾ê we;sj osjH mq;%fhda ;=ka fofkla fuys
my< jQ y' Tjqka f.a oSma;sh ug jvd jeä h' wms
úfkdao.ukla huq hs Tjqka ;u úudk j,ska u.g ng
úg Tjqka f.a f;aciska uf.a f;aci hg hk fyhska
uu ksfjig josñ' ud f.a f;aciska Tjqka f.a f;aci
y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 31
 ukdfldg isjqiia oek flf<iaj,ska ñÿKq ry;=ka msßksùï jYfhka jeä u. ure fkd okS'

57' f;ix iïmkakiS,dkx imsß is,a .==Kfhka

wmamudoúydßkx hq;=j fkd mud úiqfuka
iïuo[a[d úuq;a;dkx úuq;a hy kqjKska
udfrd u.a.x k úkao;s ^4(14& ñoS hkafkda ure f. oEiska

32 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ry;=ka .sh f,fia - urejd fidhhs flf,fia
4 ^11& f.daêl ysñhka f.a mqj; ^57 .d:dj&

f.da êl ysñhka f.a mqj; wruqKq lr .ksñka

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj jodf<a
fõ`Mjkdrdufha jev úiQ iufha h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^57 .d:dj&

iïmkakiS,dkx wmamudoúydßkx iïuo[a[d

úuq;a;dkx f;ix u.a.x udfrd k úkao;s'
bis.s,s lkao wi, l`M.,a ;,dfjl f.daêl
f;rKqfjda wm%udo úydÍj ùhH_ jvñka iïmkakiS,dkx( iS,fhka iukaú; jQ¦
Ndjkdkqfhda.Sj jev úiQ y' Ndjkdfjys m%;sM, wmamudoúydÍkx( wm%udoSj jdih lrkakd jQ¦
jYfhka Wkajykafiag ;djld,sl j flf<ia hgm;a iïuo[a[d úuq;a;dkx( ksjeros kqjK ,nd
lsÍfuka ,efnk ;djld,sl ^iduhsl& fõf;da úuq;a;sh úuqla;sh idOkh lr .;a;d jQ¦ f;ix( W;=uka f.a¦
,eî ;sìK' fï w;r;=r Wkajykafiag je<÷Kq frda. u.a.x( .sh uÕ¦ udfrd( udrhd¦ k úkao;s( fidhd
hla ksid lSm jdrhla u ,nd.;a OHdkfhka msßySug fkd .kshs'
Ndck jQ y' yh jrla u fufia jQfhka" i;a jk jr
OHdkh Wmojd .;a úg —ih jrla u uf.a OHdkh mssßisÿ f,i is,a /l" wm%udoSj Ndjkd jvd h:dN+;
ke;sj .sfha h' {dk o¾Ykh ,en úuqla;sh idOkh lr .;a W;=uka
ñh .sh miq Wmosk ia:dkh fidhd .ekSug udrhd
OHdkfhka msßyS ñh .shfyd;a ljr úosfha u;= Wm;la iu;a fkd fjhs'
,efíoehs lsj fkd fya' tfyhska OHdkh ;sìhoS u újrKh
ñh hkafkñ hs is;d oe,s msysfhka f., lmd f.k
ñh hñ hs wef|ys je;=reK y' iïuo[a[d úuq;a;dkx( mßmQK_{dkh ,en" ,nd .kakd úuqla;sh
fuhska woyia fõ' iïud hkafkka ukdj hk w¾:h o w[a[d
hkafkka {dkh o .efKhs' p;=rdhH_ i;Hh ukdj wjfndaO lr
f.daêl ysñfhda f.< is|f.k ñh hkakg ierfikq .ekSu fuhska woyia fõ' w¾:l:djkays úuq;a;sh"
ÿgq udrhd —ish osú kid .kakg hkafka Ôú;dYdj
ke;s fyhsks' urKhg fmr ish`M wdYd is| ry;a 1' ;ox. úuq;a;s 2' úlaL uydk úuq;a;s' 3' iuqÉfþo úuq;a;s'
jkakg;a we;' th j<lajkakg ud hula lSj o fï 4' mámamioaê úuq;a;s' yd 5' ksiairK úuq;a;s jYfhka mia
jeoEreïj olajd we;'
ysñku th fkd ms<s.kq we;' tfyhska nqÿka ,jd
u lshjd ry;a ùu j<ld ,ñ˜ hs is;d Nd.Hj;=ka w[a[d( kï oekquhs' w[a[dh hkak mqj_ l%shd mohls' tys zhZ
jykafia fj; t<U ta nj lshd isáh y' f,dma ù zw[a[dZ f,i fhfoa' zoek f.kZ hk w:_h tys fjhs'
ialkaO" wdh;k" Od;=" ÿlaL" iuqoh" ksfrdO" u.a." wksÉp;d hk
f.daêl f;rKqfjda oe<smsysh f.k ish f., is| fï lreKq h:dN+; jYfhka oek" ;SrKh fldg" ;=,kh fldg
úNckh fldg ,nd .kakd oekqu we;s j hk w:_fhka zw[a[dhZ
.kakg ierfikq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska o olakd hkak fhdok ,oS'
,oS' f.daêl f;rKqfjda f., lefmk w;r u ry;a
M,h ,o y' udrhd weu;+ nqÿrcdKka jykafia —udrh" udr( nqÿ iufhys 1'uÉpq udr" 2' LkaO udr" 3' lsf,i udr" 4'
iaÓr jQ kqjKe;af;da fufia o lr;s' u mq;= f.daêl ixLdr udr" 5' foajmq;a; udr jYfhka mia ureka .ek i|yka fõ'
Ôú;dYdfjka f;dr ù h' fyf;u ish¨ wdYd is| oud fï l:dfõ oelafjkafka foajmq;a;udr .ek h'
ry;a M,h ,en msßksjqK y˜hs jod< y' udr f;u
oi; mSrñka f.daêl f;reka f.a m%;sikaê ú{dkh
fidhd fjfyiqfKa h'

nqÿyq NsËQka wu;d —uyfKks" udrhd ÿï l|la fyda

w÷re l=áhla fia f,dj isidrd f.daêl f;reka .sh
;ek fiõj o ta fiú,a, ksIaM, h' f.daêl f;reka
msßksjqfKka lsis ;efkl fkd msysá ú[a[dKh
we;sj h˜ hs meyeos,s l< y' urejd kej; o ùKdjla
o w;e;sj f.dm¨ orejl= fjiska nqÿrÿka lrd t<U
—f.daêl f;reka ñh f.dia Wmkafka fldysoehs uu
fidhñ' Tyq Wmkafka fldys o@˜ hs úuiQ y' —Tng
;nd Tn jeks ,Ëhla tla ù fiõj o f.daêl
Wmka ;ekla fidhd .kakg yels fkd fjhs˜ hs jod<
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 33

 uy u.e wi< oeuQ l=Kq li< f.dvl jqj o yg.efkk mshqfuys iqj`o yd meyeh is;a l¨h'

58' h:d iÙldrOdkiñx hï fia l=Kq j,l

WÊCê;iñx uydmf: uy udj;la wi,l
mÿux ;F: cdfh: msfmakï mshqula
iqÑ.JOx ufkdrux ^4(15& ukrï iqj`o úysok

34 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 is;al¿h mshquka - l=Kq uv j<l msmqK;a
4 ^12& .ryoskak f.a l;d mqj; ^58 iy 59 .d:d&

fï .d:d fol Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska foõru

fjfik iufhys .ryoskak kue;a;l= wern
foaYkd lrk ,oS'
Wfoka u odkh i|yd lr ;snqKq ixúOdk lghq;=
n,kakg meñKs .ryoskak ta ish,a, oel w;sYh
i;=gg m;a úh' wdydr mdk msÍ we;ehs fmka jQ n÷ka
ysia nj fya fkd o;af;a h'
ieje;a kqjr isß.=;a; iy .ryoskak kï ñ;=frda
fofofkla úiQ y' isß.=;a; fn!oafOdamilfhl= jQ w;r .ryoskak msg;aj .sh miq ks.KaG Y%djlfhda 500 la
.ryoskak ks.KaG Y%djlfhla jQfha h' ˜Tfí ñ;% fokd meñKsh y' isß.=;a; ksjiska neyerg wjq;a
issß.=;a;g nqÿrÿka fj; hdfï ksIaM, Ndjh meyeos,s je| kuialdr lr fufia wêIaGdk lf<a h' —Tn
lr Tyq wm fj; le|jd f.k fkd tkafka ljr jykafia,d w;S;" j;_udk iy wkd.; ld,hka oel
fyhskaoehs ks.KaGfhda ks;r ks;r .ryoskakg n, .kakg iu;a kï" fï fjkakg hk foa f;areï f.k
lr;s' tfyhska .ryoskak o ks;r ks;r ;u ñ;=rdg uf.a ksjig fkd meñK isákak' Tn fuys meñKshd
—f.!;u nqÿka fj; hdfuka Tng w;ajk m%fhdackh jqj o fuys Tng fokakg lsisu wyrla ke;' ish¨
l=ula o@ tys hdu kj;d wm f.a ks.KaG NsËQka n÷ka ysia h' w., msÍ we;af;a wiQÑ yd uv j,sks'˜
jykafia fj; hkak' Wka jykafia,dg odk udkdosfhka
Wmia:dk lrkak˜ hs fm/;a; lrkakg úh' tfia is;d wk;=rej ;u fiajlhkag fufia Wmfoia
ÿkafka h' —ish¨ fokd u jdäjkakg ierfik úg
ál oskla fï fm/;a;hka ueoy;a is;ska bjiQ tlajru we;sß,a, bj;a lrkak' ke;akï wmrdfoa th
isß.=;a; tla oskla ñ;=rd f.ka fufia weiS h' —Tfí ls<sá jkq we;'˜ fiajlhka ;u ;u ia:dk .;a miq
ks.KaG meúoaoka yuq ù nK wikakg yd oka mqokakg —Tn jykafia,d jdä jk úg ish¨ fokd u tljr
Tn ug n, lrkafka wehs@ Wka jykafia,d ljr jdä .kak' fuys isß; thhs˜ hs Tjqyq ks.KaG
fohla okakd ksid o@ ljr Yla;Ska ;sfnk ksid o@˜ ysñjrekag werhqï l< y' ta mßosu Tjqka wiqka .kakd
thg ms<s;=re fok .ryoskak —ñ;%h" Tjqka fkd okakd úg we;sß,a, bj;a lrk ,o w;r ish¨ foku tla
fohla ke;' w;S;" j;_udk" wkd.; hk ;=ka ld,h jr fm/<S f.dia wiqÑ jf<a weo jegqK y'
u oks;s' iEu fokd f.au is;sú,s" jpk yd l%shd o
oks;s' fjk foa;a" jkakg we;s foa;a oks;s'˜ hs mejiS újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^58 .d:dj&
h' —wehs Tn ug ta nj l,skau fkd lSfõ@ tn÷ n,
we;s kqjKe;s W;=uka weiqre lrkak u wjYHhs' oekau h:d uydmf: WÊCê;iñx iÙldrOdkiñx ;F:
hkak' f.dia ud fjkqfjka Wkajykafia,dg wdrdOkh iqÑ.kaOx ufkdrux mÿux cdfh:
lrkak˜ hs isß.=;a; mejiS h'
h:d¦ hï fia¦ uyd mf: WcCê;iñx¦ uy uÕ wi,
.ryoskak o jydu f.dia ks.KaG NsËQkag isß.=;a; tla jQ¦ iÙldrOdkiñx¦ l=Kq uv jf,l¦ ;F:¦
f.a wdrdOkh lf<a h' —isß.=;a; thd u Tng lSjd o tys¦ iqÑ.kaOx¦ ukd iqj`oe;s¦ ufkdrux¦ ufkdaruH¦
fï wdrdOkh lrkak lsh,d@˜hs Tjqyq úuiQ y' —tfia mÿux¦ mshqula¦ cdfh:( yg .kafka kï"
h' Tyquhs wdrdOkh lf<a˜hs .ryoskak ms<s;=re ÿka
úg i;=áka bms, .sh ks.KaGfhda —isß.=;a; wfma uyd ud._h wi, l=Kq frdvq tlajk li, ldKqjl
me;a;g wdfjd;a wmg fudkjdhska o wvq˜ hs mejiQ y' jqjo ukrï iqj`o yuk mshqula yg.kafka fõ o"

isß.=;a; f.a ksji úYd, jQjls' f,dl= f.j,a w;f¾

jQ os. bv m%udKfha f,dl= w.,la lmd tys wiQÑ yd
uv mqrjd" fofl<jr lKq isgqjd /yeka ne|" j< fkd
fmfkk fia wiqka ;nd ta u; we;sß<s oud ieliS h'
ta u; jdä jQ jydu mqgqj lerlS ysi my<g isák fia
mqgq j, miqmi md /yekaj, ne| ;eî h'

f,dl= .e,a f.kajd tajd lvud¨ jeks fohska mqrjd

flfi,a fld< w;=rd ta u; hï hï lEu j¾. ;nd
ye<s lEu j¾. j,ska msÍ ;sfnk nj fmfkk mßos
ieriS h' ne¨ ne,aug odkh msKsi n;a" le|" .sf;,a"
yl=re" lejqï" w;sri" w.a.,d" fldlsia" wdiaó"
fodfod,a" lsß meKs wdosh msÍ ;snqKd fuka úh'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 35

 mqyqÿka w;/ Wmka iïud iïnqÿ ijq ry;a f;u kqjKska w| mqyqÿka blaujd nn<hs'

59' tjx iÙldrN+f;iq fufia l=Kq frdvq n`ÿ

wkaON+f; mq:qÊcfk mqyq ÿka w`o okka ueo
w;sfrdp;s m[a[dh kqjKska jeã nn<;s
iïudiïnqoaOidjfld ^4(16& nqÿrÿka f.a ijqfjda

36 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 nn,hs uy ry;a - ljr ;ek jev isáh;a
4 ^12& .ryoskak f.a l;d mqj; ^58 iy 59 .d:d&

; u ks.KaG meúoaokg isß.=;a; l< ks.%yhg

m,s .kakg bgd .;a .ryoskak nqÿrcdKka
jykafiag odkhlg wdrdOkh lf<a h' nqÿrcdKka
wdydr j,ska msÍ ;sìK' uy;a i;=gg m;a .ryoskak
nqoaOm%uqL uyd ix>hd j<|jd md;%h f.k mfil
wiqka .;a úg ;:d.;hka jykafia fï .d:d folska
jykafia o ry;ka jykafia mka ishhla iu. jevu Ou_foaYkd l< y'
l< y' .ryoskak ksjiska msg;g wjq;a je| kuialdr
lr tl;a mfil isg oE;a ysia uqÿfka ;nd fufia újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^59 .d:dj&
wêIaGdk lf<a h' —ysñhks" w;SS;h" j;_udkh"
yd wkd.;h hk ff;%ld,h u okafka kï" oyia tjx iÙldrN+f;iq wkaON+f; mq:qÊcfk iïud
wdldrhlg i;ajhka f.a is;a oek .; yels kï" iïnqoaOidjfld m[a[dh w;sfrdp;s'
f.;=<g fkd meñfKkafka hym;s˜ tfia is;d
—iajdóks" jäkq uekú' tl kula f.dia ys|.;a miq tjx¦ tf,iska u¦ iÙldr N+f;iq¦ l=Kq f.dvj,a
wks;a ku ys| .ekSu uekú˜ hs werhqï lf<a h' njg m;a jQ¦ wkaON+f;¦ h:d ;;a;ajh fkd olakd¦
ta wkqj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uq,ska u msúiqK y' mq:qÊcfk¦ mD:.ackhka w;r¦ iïud iïnqoaO
idjfld¦ iïud iïnqoaO Y%djlhd¦ m[a[dh¦
.ryoskak wdik mKjd ;snqfKa .ssks wÕ=re j,la m%{dfjka" w;sfrdp;s¦ by<skau nn,kafka h'
;kjd" ta u; l<d, w;=rd nqÿrÿka yd Y%djl msßi
tys jefgk mßoafoks' tfy;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tf,iska u li< f.dvla n÷ wkaOmD:.ackhka
lsysß wÕ=re j<g md ;nk úg u l<d,h w;=reoyka w;=frys Wmka iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a
ù mshqï mek kexf.ah' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mshqï msg Y%djl jQ ry;=ka jykafia mqyqÿka f,dalhd blau
jev wiqfkys jev isáh y' ish¨ u NsËQyq o tfia u m%{dfjka nn,kafka h'
jev yqka y'
újrKh
.ryoskak f.a isreßka oyosh keÕsKs' ta Tyq lsisu
mÿux ;F: cdfh:( wmsßisÿ ;ekl jqjo msú;=re hula yg .ekSu
wyrla ms<sfh, fkd fldg yqfola isß.=;a; l<dla Ou_ .%ka: j, ksr;=rej oelafjk woyils' nqÿjre mD:.ack
fuka u ysia n÷ka lEu j._ j,ska irid ;snqkq fyhsks' f,dalfhys bmso" uäka yg f.k ufvys fkd .efgk mshqula
fya osj f.dia isß.=;a; f.a wefÕa t,a,S ug msysg mßoafoka msßisÿ j nn,;s'
jkakehs wdhdpkd lf<a h' —oeka b;ska l=ula lruq
o@˜ hs mejiQ fya flfia jqj;a ta n÷ka yer n,kakehs w;sfrdp;s m[a[dh( m%{dj fya;=fjka jvd;a nn,hs' fn!oaO
b.ekaùfï yeáhg f,dalfha b;du my, ckhd w;r jqj o fuu
lSh' .ryoskak ta n÷ka yer neÆ úg tajd wfmaËs; nen<Sfï Yla;sh ks,Sk j mj;shs'

y;rjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mqmM j.. 37

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 u NdKv
a d.dr
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5 jk mßÉfþoh

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.re fõrf.dv idro kdysñmdKka jykafia

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 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
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isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
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Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

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mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
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mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
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iydh
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î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

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msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
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fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
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ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 kssosjrkakyqg /h o" .uka úvd we;a;yqg fhdÿk o" wkqjKhkg iir o b;d osla h'

60' oS>d cd.rf;d r;a;s os. h /hla ksos urf;d;a

oS>x ika;iai fhdckx fhdÿk os.h fjfyi wef;d;a
oSf>d nd,dkx ixidfrd iir os.h wuk okg
ioaOïux wúcdk;x ^5(1& ioaO¾uh fkdu oksf;d;a'

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

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5 ^1& tla;rd mqoa.,fhl= f.a l:d jia;=j ^60 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih lrk w;r

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tla;rd mqoa.,fhla yd
mfiakoS fldai, rc;=uka ksñ;s lr f.k fï .d:dj
fï w;r ;u Wmdh id¾:l ù hehs i;=gq jQ rc;=ud
fyg Wofhka u ieñhd urd rEu;a ìß| f.kZjq;a
iqj myi ú| .ksñhs is;ñka rd.fhka oeú oeù
jod< fial' wef|ys fm/f<ñka ksos ke;sj /h .; lf<a h' ta
w;r;=r f,dal=Uq ksrfhys mefiñka l,d;=rlska Wvg
jrla mfiakoS fldfid,a rc;=ud k.rfhys ùos u;=jk ksßi;=ka isjqfokl=ka f.a y~ wid ìhg m;a
ixpdrfha hk w;r ksjil ljq¿fjka ùosh foi neÆ fya miqosk u,a,sld foaúh o iuÕ nqÿrÿka yuq ùu
rEu;a <`ola oel weh flf¾ rd. is;la we;s lr msKsi foõrï fjfyrg .sfha h' ta y~ ms<sn|j
.;af;a h' tfyhska weh yd weiqrg uÕla mdod .kakg meyeos,s l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta mrodr fiajkh
is;+ rcf;u f;dr;=re fidhd ne,S h' weh újdm;a jeks úúO lduÿIapß;hkays fhoS wmd.; jQ isjq
;eke;a;shl nj fidhd .;a rc weh f.a ieñhdg fokl= jir ;siaoyilg jrla Wv u;= ù .d:d y;rla
rcjdi, /lshdjla ÿkafka h' lshkakg uq,a wl=re muKla lS y~ nj fy<s l< y'
mrodr fiajkfhys wdoSkj f;areï .;a rc f;u ;ud
ál osklska u rcf;u weh f.a ieñhdg bgq lsÍug lrkakg .sh ldhH_fhys nrm;, lu f;areï .;af;a
b;d wmyiq ldhH_hla mejÍ h' ieje;a kqjr isg h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia weu;+ rcf;u —iñ÷ks"
fhdÿkla ^ie;mqï fod<yla& muK ÿr ;eklg f.dia /hl os. ud f;areï .;af;a Bfha˜ hhs mejiS h'
wreKqjka ueá yd l=uqÿ u,a /f.k rc;=ud iakdkh fï ixjdohg ijka foñka mfil isá ;eke;a;d —ug
lrk ikaOHd iuhg fmr ieje;a kqjrg wdmiq tkakg fï bosßm;a jkakg ksis wjia:dj˜ hehs is;d fmrg
Tyqg kshu úh' rcq f.a wruqK jQfha fï ÿIalr wjq;a —iajdóks" fhdÿkl ÿr ud f;areï .;af;a o Bfha
ldhH_h bgq lrkakg Tyq wiu;a jQ úg ysi .id oud h˜hs ;uka f.a l;dj o ie, lr isáfha h' ta ish,a,
urd Tyq f.a ìß| ysñlr .kakg h' jy jyd ìß| ie,ls,a,g .ksñka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mQfj_dla;
,jd n;a uq,la o ilid .;a fya .ukg msg;a úh' .d:dj foaYkd lr jod< y'
u. oS ;j;a u.shl= iu. n;a uq, fnod f.k
wkqNj l< fyf;u n;a álla b;sß lr f.k oshg újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^60 .d:dj&
oud y~kÕd fufia lS h' —fï .Õ jik wdrËl
foaj;djks" kd.hks" mfiakoS fldfid,a rc f;u cd.rf;d r;a;s oS>d ika;iai fhdckx oS>x
wreKqjka ueá iy l=uqÿ u,a f.k tk fia ug ksfhda. ioaOïux wúcdk;x nd,dkx ixidfrd oSf>d
lf<a h' wo uu uf.a n;a uq, ;j;a u.shl= iu.
fnod .;af;ñ' kosfhys uiqkag o wdydr ÿkafkñ' ud cd.rf;d( ksos urkakdg¦ r;a;s( rd;%sh¦ oS>d( os. h¦
wo lr .;a mska Tng wkqfudaoka lrkafkñ' wkqlïmd ika;iai( .uka fjfyi we;a;dg¦ fhdckx( fhdÿk¦
lr ug wo wreKqjka ueá yd l=uqÿ u,a ,nd fokq oS>x( os. h¦ ioaOïux( ioaO¾uh¦ wúcdk;x( fkd
uekú'˜ ta weiQ kd.hka f.a rcf;u uy¿ ñksil= f.a okakd¦ nd,dkx( wkqjKhkag¦ ixidfrd( ixidrh¦
fjia f.k Tyq yuqjg wjq;a wreKqjka ueá iy l=uqÿ oSf>d( oS¾>h
u,a ,nd ÿkafka h'
ksos fkd ,nk úg /h b;d os. nj oefkhs' .uka
iekaoEjk úg" ;reK l; f.a ieñhd flfia fyda fjfyi oeä ;eke;a;dg fhdÿk b;d os. fia oefkhs'
l=uqÿ yd ueá ,nd f.k meñKsh fyd;a ;u wruqK O¾uh fkd o;a wkqjK mqoa.,hkag ixidrh b;d
bgq lr .kakg ;j;a l,a hk fyhska Tyq tkakg oS¾> h'
fmr u kqjr fodrgq l,a we;sj jikakg wK ÿkafka újrKh
h' u,a yd ueá f.k tkakg .sh ;eke;a;d o kshñ;
fõ,djg wjq;a fodrgq jid ;sfnkq oel —rc;=ud ixidrh kñka y÷kajkafka Njfhka Njhg wLKavj isÿjk
Wm;a-úm;a l%shdj,shhs' kej; kej; Wmoskafka kej; kej;
ksh;fhka u fndre jrola f.k ud urkakg ;e;la uefrkq msKsi h' tfyhska mqk¾Njh wdiajdokSh fohla fkdj ksu
orhs˜ hs is;d —oeka b;ska l=ula lrï o@ kqjr l< hq;a;ls' —iodld, Ôjkh˜ kï udhdjls' Ôú;h kï Wmf;a
jeishkag fï nj y~.d lshñ˜ hs y~ kÕd fufia lS isg urKh olajd isÿjk osrdhdï l%shdj,shla fia o; hq;af;a h'
h' —kqjr jeishks" rc;=ud ug wreKqjka ueá yd l=uqÿ tfyhska zfkd ueÍ isàuZ ms<sn`o wruqK idËd;a lrkafka Ôú;h
u,a f.k tkakg wK lf<a h' ud kshu fõ,djg ta oS>_ lsÍfuka fkdj mqk¾Njh kj;d ,Sfuks' fuh WÉfþohla fyda
úkdYhla f,i ye¢kaúh fkd yelafla WÉfþoùu i|yd ia:r
f.kd uq;a rc;=ud fodrgq jid we;s fyhska oS .kakg jdia;úl hula fkdue;s fyhsks' WÉfþohla kï zi;aZ jia;=jl
fkd yels h' fuh ksjro ud urd oukakg rc;=ud mQK_ úkdYhhs' nqÿ iuh tn÷ iajdëk" fya;=-M, iïnkaOfhka
fh¥ Wmdhls' ish,af,da u ta oek.ks;a jdæ˜ hs mjid neyerj mj;sk i;a mod¾: fkd ms<s.kakd fyhska ks¾jdrKh
ksjig fkd f.dia fÊ;jkdrduhg f.dia tys mfilg WÉfþohla f,i y÷kajkq fkd ,efí'
ù ksod .;af;a h'
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 7
 kqjKe;s W;=ul= weiqre lsÍug ke;s kï yqol,dj úiSu jvd iqÿiq h'

61' prx fp kdê.ÉfPhH weiqrg ksis iu ñ;=frla

fihHx iosiu;a;fkd fyda .e,fmk Wiia flfkla
tl pßhx o<ayx lhsrd fkd ,fod;a ;ksju jikak
kFÒ ndf, iydh;d ^5(2& fkd lr weiqr wkqjKfhla

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 weiqre fkd lrka - wuk ñksiqka
5 ^2& uyd ldYHm ysñhka f.a YsIH NsËqjla ^61 .d:dj&

u yd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia f.a YsIH NsËq

kula wrnhd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska fï
.d:dj jodrk ,oafoa fÊ;jkdrdufha jev jdih l<
NdKav úkdY lr mkai,a f.a .sks ;nd m,d .sfha h'
urKska miq ta wl=Y, lu_h ksid fya wùÑ uyd
krldosfhys Wmkafka h'
iufha h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^61 .d:dj&
uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia msmaM,S .=ydfjys
jev jdih lrk iufhys Wka jykafiag YsIH NsËq fp w;a;fkd fihHx iosix prx k wê.ÉfPhH
fokula isáh y' tla kula ;u hq;=lï uekúka bgq tlpßhx o<ayx lhsrd ndf, iydh;d k;aÓ
lrhs' tfy;a wksla NsËq ku ;ud lsisjla fkd l< o
wks;a ku lrk fofhys f.!rjh ;ukag ,nd .kakg fp( boska¦ w;a;fkd( ;udg¦ fiHhx( Wiia fyda¦
l%shd lrhs' hym;a YsIHhd uqj fidaok osh" oeyeá iosix( iudk¦ prx( ñ;=frla ^tlg yeisfrk
o~q wdosh iQodkï l< úg fya —iñ÷ks uqj fidaok flfkla&¦ k wê.ÉfPhH( fkd ,efnkafka kï¦
l<ukd iqodkï˜ hs oekqï oS f.!rjh ,nd .kshs' meka tlpßhx( ;ksj jdih¦ o<ayx lhsrd( oeä lrkak¦
WKq l< úg —iñ÷ks kd .kak' meka ,eyeia;shs˜ lshd ndf,( wkqjKhka iuÕ¦ iydh;d( ñ;%;djla¦ k;aÓ(
oekqï fohs' fjfyi uykaish úkS; YsIH NsCIqjg;a" ke;'
f.!rjh wúkS; NsËqjg;a ,efnhs'
;udg iudk fyda ;udg jvd Wiia ñ;=frl= fidhd
fuys fl<jrla ke;s ;ek oskla iqúkS; YsIHhd fufia .kakg neßkï" ;ksj jdih lsÍu hym;a h' nd,
is;S h' —oji .dfKau isÿjk fï jxpdj fy<s l< ckhd iuÕ wdY%h lsÍu lsisfia;a fkd l< hq;af;a h'
hq;=hs'˜ tfia is;d oskla meka WKq fldg th iÕjd
;nd ysia n÷klg iq¿ meka m%udKhla ,sm ;eîh' újrKh
n÷fkka kÕsk ÿu ÿgq wúkS; YsIHhd tys WKq meka
msÍ we;ehs is;d —iñ÷ks" kdk osh iQodkï hehs oekqï iydh;d( ñ;%Fjh" tlg jev lsÍu" fuu .d:dfõ wNsm%dh jkafka
fkdfïrE w{dkhka iu. wdY%h fkd l< hq;= nj olajd l<HdK
ÿkafka h' ñ;% fiajkfhys wkqiia oelaùu h' my;a mqoa.,hka weiqre
lsÍfuka ;ud fof,dúkau msßfyk w;r lS¾;sh o flf<fihs'
tfy;a uyd ldYHm ysñfhda kdkakg ieriS neÆ úg
osh fkd ;snqfKka —flda wdhqIau;=ks j;=r@˜hs úuik flfia jqjo nd,hl= jqj;a .=K hym;alï W.kajd keK kqjKska
,oS' l,n, jQ Tyq l,hla /f.k j;=r f.fkkakg ÈhqKq lrùfï ldreKsl wfmaËdfjka wdY%h lsÍu jrolehs fuhska
fkd lshefjk nj igyka l< hq;= h'
,s|g hk w;r iqúkS; ku ieÕjQ j;=r f.kZjq;a
ÿkafka h' h:d ;;a;ajh l=ulaoehs f;areï .;a uyd
ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia fun÷ jxpksl l%shd
fkd lrkakehs wúkS; NsCIqjg wjjdo l< y' tfy;a
wjjdoËu fkd jQ wúkS; NsËqj f;reka jykafia
iu. ffjr ne| .;a y'

miq osk úkS; YsIH ku uy f;reka jykafia iuÕ

ms~q isÕd .sh w;r wúkS; ysñ ku odhl f.orlg
f.dia uy f;reka .s,ka nj okajd m%KS; fNdack
ms<sfh, lrjd f.k w;r u.oS ish,a, wkqNj lf<ah'
tosk ms~q isÕd .sh .ufka oS odhlfhda uyd ldYHm
uyry;ka jykafiag isjqre i|yd kj ms<shla
ms<s.ekajQy' th úkS; NsCIq kug fok ,ÿj fya bka
isjqrla lr m~q fmdjd Ndú;hg .;af;a h'

odhlhka —Tn jykafiag wm tjQ úfYaI wdydrfhka

frda.h myiq ùoehs úuiQ úg wúkS; ku l<
ÿIalD;h fy<s jQfhka liqma ysñfhda ta .ek Tyqg
fodia mejrE y' bka lsmqK fyf;u —fï uy¨ uyK
f;u osh álla" wdydr iaj,amhla fjkqfjka ug neK
joshs' kj isjqrla ,o úg wfkla YsIHhdg fohs' uu
l< hq;a; oksñZZhs ysñhka msg; hk;=re ys| ish¨
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 9
 ug orejka yd Okh we;af;a h hs wkqjKhd ÿlg m;a jqj;a ;ud o ;udg ke;af;a h'

62' mq;a;duZ;aÒ OkxuZ;aÒ ug mq;=ka we;" ug Okh we;

b;s ndf,d úy[a[;s is;d wkqjK ofkda fjfyfi;
w;a;d ys w;a;fkd k;aÓ ljr mq;a;= o@ ljr Okh o@
l=f;da mq;a;d l=f;da Okx ^5(3& ;uka msysgg ;ukaj;a ke;'

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wúoHdfõ zM,h ÿl fõZ
5 ^3& wdkkao isgqjrhd f.a mqj; ^62 .d:dj&

wd kkao kï jQ uiqre isgqjrfhl= ksñ;s fldg

fï .d:dj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska
fÊ;jkdrdufhys oS foaYkd lrk ,oS'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^62 .d:dj&

fu mq;a;d w;aÓ" fu Okx w;aÓ b;s ndf,d

úy[a[;s' w;a;d ys w;a;fkd k;aÓ mq;a;d l=f;d
ieje;a kqjr wdkkao kï b;d Okj;a isgqjrfhla Okx l=f;d@
úiS h' Tyqg wiQ fl<la Okh ;snqK o lsisfjl=g
lsisjla fokakg fya ue,s úh' ;u mq;a uQ,isß wu;d fu( ug¦ mq;a;d( mq;a;=¦ w;aÓ( isá;s¦ fu( ug¦ Okx(
Tyq ks;ru lSfõ —fï uyd úYd, Okhlehs fkd Okh¦ w;aÓ( we;¦ b;s( hkqfjka¦ ndf,d( w{dkhd¦
is;kak' Tng we;s lsisjla fjk lsisfjl=g fkd osh úy[a[;s( fjfyihs¦ w;a;d ys( ;ud o¦ w;a;fkd(
hq;= h' Tn l< hq;af;a Okh ;j ;j jeä lsÍuhs' ;udg¦ k;aÓ( ke;¦ mq;a;d l=f;d( mq;a;= fldfykao¦
ke;fyd;a b;d blauKska u fï Okh ksu jkq we;' Okx l=f;d( Okh fldfyka o@
ksjfia ìu rka ms/jq ueá n÷ka myla ksoka lr f.k
isá Tyq ñh .sfha tajd ;snqKq njla j;a lsisfjl=g fkd ug orefjda isá;s" ug Okh ;sfí" wdos jYfhka
mjiñks' is;ñka w{dk mqoa.,hd fjfyfihs' tfy;a wvq
.Kfka ;udg ;udj;a ke;' mq;a;= yd Okh flfia o@
ñh .sh wdkkao isgq jrhd ieje;a kqjrg wdikakfha
tla isÕk msßil Wmkafka h' Tyq Wmoskakg fmr újrKh
ujq l=i úiQ iufhys isÕkakkg ,efnk wdodhu wvq
jQfha h' ljqreka fyda wjdikdjka;hl= ;uka w;r ;udg mq;a;=" Okh fj;shs fjfyiSu mD:.ack .;shls' tfy;a
h:d¾: jYfhka .;a úg ;udg ;udj;a fkd ue;'
we;ehs is;+ Tjqyq" lKavdhu fldgia j,g fnfoñka
wjdikdjka;hd wh;a lKavdhu ;ks lrk l%uhg mq;a;= j._ ;=kla fj;s' w;scd;" wkqcd; yd wjcd; jYfhks'
Tyq .eí.;a mjq, ;ks lr .;a y' Tjqka .fuka m<jd w;scd; kï" ujqmshkag;a jvd .=K keK we;s W;=ï orefjdah'
yßk ,oS' Tyq Wmkafka le; úlD; orejl= f,isks' wkqcd; kï wvq.Kfka ujqmshka ;rï j;a .=K kqjK we;s
Tyq f.a lsisu bkaøshhla msysáh hq;= ;ek kshu úoshg orefjdah' iuyre fï folskau foudmshkag jvd wvq fj;s' tfyhska
zwvqZ hk wre;ska Tjqyq zwjcd;Z fj;s'
fkd msysáfha h' neÆ ne,aug mdxY+ msYdphl= n÷ jQ
fya b;d wjdikdjka; úh' uj Tyq iuÕ isÕd .shodg w;a;dys w;a;fkd k;aÒ( fuys zw;a;dZ kï iïuq;s i;Hd.;
lsisjla fkd ,efí' ;ksj .sh úg hula ,efnhs' zw;a;dZ h' mrud:_ jYfhka l:d lrk úg zw;a;dZ hs fkd fhfoa'

tfy;a uj oeä ÿla ú| Tyq ;rula jefvk ;=re

fmdaIKh lr" ;ksj hula lr.kakg ;rug Tyq
jevqKq miq Tyq w;g fld<m;la ÿka uj —mq;" wm fï
jHikhg jegqfKa kqU ksid h' oeka b;ska uu we;s
;rï ÿla ú| fyïn;aj isáñ' fï fld<m;;a /f.k
isÕd ld Ôj;a jkak˜ hs mejiqjd h' ieje;a kqjr isÕd
hk w;r;=r Tyqg ysá yeáfha ;u fmr ckauh yd
ta ckaufha ksji isysm;a úh' tfyhska fya th fidhd
.sfha h' Tyq f.a fmr ckaufha mq;a uQ,isß f.a orefjda
Tyq oel ìfhka y~kakg mgka .;a y' tfyhska
Tyqf.a fiajlfhda Tyq ;<d fm<d f.hska neyerg
t,jQ y'

fï isoaêh ms~q isÕd jäkd .uka ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia wdkkao ysñhka ,jd uQ,isß le|jQ y' fï
ysÕk fld`Mjd Tfí fmr ckaufha mshd hehs nqÿrÿka
uQ,isßg fy<s l< o fya th ms<s fkd .;af;a h' túg
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ysÕk orejd wu;d rka l< my
j<,d we;s ;ek olajkakehs b,a,d isáfha h' ta wkqj
fld¨jd rka l< my fmkajQ miq uQ,isß ta ;u mshd nj
ms<s .;af;a' fuhska uy;a lïmkhg m;a uQ,isß nqoaO
Y%djlfhla njg m;a úh'

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 11

 ;ud f.a wkqjKlu okakd ;eke;a;d kqjKe;sfhla fyda kqjKe;sfhl= iudk fyda jkafka h'

63' fhd ndf,d u[a[;s nd,Hx ;uka nd, nj oksf;d;a

mKaäf;d jdms f;k fid mçjrfhls t muKskq;a
ndf,d p mKaä;udkS nd,j mç nj is;f;d;a
i fj ndf,dZ;s jqÉp;s ^5(4& mru nd,fhla h lsh;a

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 oek i;Zre;a - jkak úh;a
5 ^4& .eg lmkafkda fofofkla ^63 .d:dj&

.e g lmkakka fofokl= uq,a lrf.k Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia foõrï fjfyr oS fï .d:dj foaYkd
lr jod< fial'
ÿIapß;fhys fhfokakd nd,fhls' fuh fudayfhys fyj;a
wúoHdfjys m%;sM,hls' nd,hd ;ud fudayfhka jeiqKq kqjK we;s
fyhska h:d¾:h fkd olshs' ish,a, wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au nj fkd
oek uuh" udf.a hehs oDIaá .kshs' p;=rdhH_ i;Hh wjfndaOh lr
fkd .ksshs'
ieje;a kqjr .eg lemSu /lshdj lr .;a ñ;=frda
fofofkla jQ y' oskla Tjqyq .eg lemSu i`oyd ks;r fudayh fyj;a nd,lu ÿrejkafka wúoHdj fyj;a p;=rdhH_ i;Hh
nK wikakg fikÕ .ejfik fyhska fÊ;jkdrduh fkd oekSu ÿre lsÍfuks' máÉp iuqmamdofhys uQ,dx.h f,i
olajd we;af;a wúÊcdj h' tfia olajkafka wúoHdj f,dalfhys
iqÿiq ;ekla hhs is;d tys .sh y' tla ;eke;af;la wdos fya;=j ksidj;a" wúoHdjg fmr lsisjla f,dj fkd ;sìKs hk
fikÕ w;f¾ .ejfiñka uqo,a .eghla lmd .kakg wre;ska j;a fkd fõ' wúoHdj o m%;S;h iuq;amkak h' —wdij
udk neÆ w;r wfkld bfí u fuka nqÿrÿka f.a iuqoh ksid wúÊcd iuqoh fõ˜ hs olajkafka tfyhsks'
foaYkhg ijka fhdukakg mgka .;af;a h'
wúoHdj iqËau jYfhka fyda w¾y;a M,h ,nk f;la mj;shs'
tfyhska th oi ixfhdack w;r oijekak jYfhka oelafjhs'
nK wikakg mgka .;a ;eke;a;d Wkkaÿfjka nK wl=Y, uQ,;%fhka jQj o rd.h yd oafõIh ishqï f,i wúoHdj
wid fidajdka M,h o ,nd .;af;a h' wfkld tla mokï lr f.k mj;akd fyhska jvd;au m%n, wl=Y, uQ, fia
ieoeyej;l= f.a uqo,a miqïìh lmd f.k uiqrka fudayh y÷kd.; hq;= h' ukqIH p¾hdj miqmi mj;akd wNsfm%arK
myla ,nd .;af;a h' jYfhka oelaúh yels wdijhka w;r wúoHdj o tlls' wm
ixidrfhys ne| oukq ,nkafka wúÊcd kSjrK fya;=fjkehs
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jodrd we;' th ì| oeuQ úg ixidr pl%h
uqo,a ,nd .;a ;eke;a;d f.a f.or tosk fNdack fyj;a fya;=M, pl%h ì| oud nqÿjrfhla fyda ry;ka jykafia
ms<sfh< jQ w;r fidajdka jQ ;eke;a;d f.a ksjfia kula úh yel'
lEug hula fkd ùh' fï nj oek.;a .eg lemQ
;eke;a;d yd Tyq f.a ìß| —mKaä;lï lrkakg wúoHdj ÿre lr .kakg kï ;uka fj; wúoHdj we;s nj ms<s.;
hq;= h' wúoHdfjka msÍ;sÍ isáoaoSu ;uka m%{dfjka msÍ;sÍ isá;ehs
f.dia wo kqU,dg nv.skafka bkakg isÿjqKd fkd
jrojd .;fyd;a m%.;shla kï wfmaËd l< fkd fya' nd, nj
fõo@˜ hs Tjqka fjfyiQ y' tfy;a fidajdka jQ oekqï u;ska u jQj o mKaä; kduhg fhda.H fj;shs fï .d:dfjys
;eke;a;d f.a mjqf,a wh —fï w{dk ;eke;a;d ;u oela jQfha tfyhsks'
w{dk Ndjh ksidu ta nj fkd oek ;uka mKaä;hl=
fldg is;hs˜ hs is;d Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia neye olakg
f.dia iïmQK_ isoaêh lshd mEy' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
fï .d:dj jodf<a ta ksñ;af;ks'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^63 .d:dj&

fhd ndf,d nd,Hx u[a[;s f;k wms jd fid

mKaäf;d mKaä;udks ndf,d p fid fj ndf,d b;s
jqÉp;s'

fhd( hïlsis¦ ndf,d( nd,fhla¦ nd,Hx( ^;u& nd,

lu¦ u[a[;s( okshs o¦ f;k wms jd( tmuKlska
jqj o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ mKaäf;d( mKaä;fhla fjhs¦
mKaä;udks( mKaä;fhla hehs is;g .;a¦ ndf,d p(
fudavfhla fõ kï¦ fid( fyf;u¦ fj( taldka;fhka
u¦ ndf,d b;s( fudavfhla hehs¦ jqÉp;s( lshkq ,efí'

hïlsis w{dk mqoa.,fhla wvq .Kfka ;uka w{dk

nj f;areï .kshs o tmuKlskq;a fya mKaä;fhla
fjhs' tfy;a ;uka w{dk nj fkd okakd" ta nj fkd
ms<s.kakd ;eke;a;d taldka;fhka u fudavfhlehs
lshkq ,efí'
újrKh

ndf,d( hkafkka fn!oaO O¾u idys;Hfhys y÷kajkafka kqjKska

nd, ;eke;a;d h' úfYaIfhka u w{dklu fya;=fjka ;%súO

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 13

 wkqjKhd osú we;s f;la mKaä;fhl= weiqre l<;a oyula ^ukdj& oek fkd .kS'

64' hdjÔjïms fp ndf,d osú we;s f;la jqj;a wuk

mKaä;x mhsremdi;s ofkda l<;a mç fiajk
k fid Oïux úcdkd;s fkd ú`os;s oyfï ri .=K
oíî iQmrix h:d ^5(5& yekaola fuka ri fkd okak'

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 uy W.;=ka weiqre l<;a - wkqjKfhda M, fkd,n;a
5 ^5& WÞhs ysñhka f.a m%jD;a;sh ^64 .d:dj&

nq ÿrcdKka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev

jik fiala WÞhs kï tla;rd mqyq udkfhka msß
NsËqkula uq,a lr fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
woyila my< úh' —ud úiska wjfndaO lr.;a fï O¾uh .eUqreh'
wjfndaO lsÍu ÿIalr h' Ydka;h" m%KS;h" ksmqKh" w;¾ldjprh"
mçjreka úiska u oek.; yels h' fï i;aFjfhda jQ l,S ldu
jia;+kagu we`MKd y' ldufhka u u;a jQ y' wd,hr;" wd,h
iïuqos; m%cdjg fï O¾uh ukdj wjfndaO lr .ekSu wmyiq
WÞhs ysñ Ou_h ms<sn| .eUqre wjfndaOhla fkd ,;a h' ish¨ ixialdrhka f.a ksfrdaOh jQ" ish¨ Wmëka ixis£u jQ"
idudkH NsËq kula úh' oskla Ou_ Yd,dfjka uy ;DIaKd ksfrdaOh jQ" ksj_dKh wjfndaOh wmyiq h' fuh foaYkd
f;rjreka kslau .sh miq tys .sh WÞhs f;rKqfjda lrkakg hdu ug fjfyila muKs'˜ tfia is;+ Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiag fuho is;g keÕsKs'
Ou_dikfhys jdä ù isáh y' ta wjia:dfjys msg
m<d;l isg meñKs wd.ka;=l NsËq msßila WÞhs ysñ —ud úiska ÿlfia wjfndaO lr .;a kuq;a oeka Ou_h foaYkd lsÍu
Ou_dikfhys jev issákq oel W.;a Ou_Or ysñ kula ksIaM, h' fï m%;sfida;.dó ishqï" .eUqre" w;sYh ÿ¾oY Ou_h
jkakg we;ehs tys f.dia ialkaO ms<sn|j m%Yakhla rd.fhka yd oafõIfhka msreKjqkg wjfndaO lr .ekau myiq
weiQ y' ;uka .eUqre oyï fkd o;a fyhska WÞhs fkd fõ' fudaydkaOldrfha .s¨Kq rd.fhka r;a jQ ckhd Ou_h fkd
ols;s'˜ fufia is;;a u O¾u foaYkd flfrys Wkajykafia f.a
f;rKqfjda Bg ms<s;=re oS.kakg iu;a fkd jQ y' túg is; WodiSk úh' nqÿrÿka f.a is;sú,s jgyd .;a iyïm;s n%yauhd
wd.ka;=lj meñKs isá ysñjre —nqÿrÿka jev fjfik oyï wikakg fkd ,eîfuka f,dj jekfi;ehs ìfhka Wkajykafia
wdrdufha u jdih lrñkq;a ialkaO" Od;=" wdh;k yuqjg meñK fufia wdrdOkh lf<a h' —iajdóks" nqÿrcdKka
jeks uQ,sl lreKq .ekj;a fï NsËqjg ìkaÿ ud;% jykafia Ou_h foaYkd lrk fialajd' wefiys ¥ú,s wvq ñksiaiq
wjfndaOhla ke;' ljqo fï w{dk ysia NsËqj@˜hs fjfi;s' O¾uh wikakg fkd ,eîfuka Tjqkg uy;a w,dNhla
fjhs' O¾uh wjfndaO lr .kakg iu;a wh fj;s'˜ jeä ÿrg;a
wjuka l< y' tfia kskaod fldg thska fkd kej;S fya fufia o mejiS h' —l,ska u.Ofhys msßisÿ fkd jQ mqoa.,hka
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag o ta nj oeka jQ y' ta weiQ úiska m< l< wmsßisÿ oyï my< úh' wuD;fhys fodrgqj újD;
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< y' l< uekú' kslaf,aYS Tn jykafia úiska wjfndaO l< Ou_h Tjqkag
wikakg ie,eiaiqj uekú' mj_;hl uqÿfka isg my, isákakjqka
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^64 .d:dj& foi n,kakl= fuka fYdal rys; Tn jykafia o Ou_ m%didoh u;
keÕS cd;s crd urKfhka mSä; fYdals m%cdj foi n,kq uekú'
ùrhdKka jykai" keÕS isákq uekú' igk oskQ id¾:jdylh" Kh
ndf,d fp hdjÔjx wms mKaä;x mhsremdi;s fid ke;s W;=udKka jykai" f,dfjys yeisfrkq uekú' Nd.Hj;=ka
h:d oíî iQmrix Oïux k úcdkd;s jykai" Ou_h foaYkd lrk fialajd" Ou_h wjfndaO lr .kakg
iu;a wh isá;s˜
ndf,d( w{dk mqoa.,hd¦ fp( boska¦ hdjÔjx wms( osú
n%yauhd tfia mejiQ úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia jod< y'
we;s;dla jQj o¦ mKaä;x( mKaä;hl=¦ mhsremdi;s( —n%yauh" ug fï is;=ú,a, Wmkafka h' u úiska ÿl fia wjfndaO
weiqre lrkafka o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ h:d( hïfia¦ oíî( lr .;a fï O¾uh rd.fhka yd oafõIfhka msreKjqkg wjfndaO
yekao¦ iQmrix( jHdxckfha ri ^fkdokakd& fuka¦ lr .ekSu myiq ke;' fudaydkaOldrfhys .s¨Kq rd.fhka r;a jQ
Oïux( Ou_h¦ k úcdk;s( oek fkd .kshs' ckhd fï m%;sfida;.dó" .eUqre" ÿ¾oY ishqï Ou_h fkd ols;s'
ud fufia is;;a u O¾uh fkd foiSu flf¾ ud is; keuqfKa h'˜
iyïm;S n%yau f;u fojk jrg o O¾uh foaYkd lrkakehs
w{dk mqoa.,hd Ôú;dka;h olajd u mKaä;hl= nqÿrÿkag wdhdpkh lr isáfha h' nqÿyq kej; o ta ms<s;=r u ÿka
wdY%h l<;a" yekaolg lsis lf,l iQmhl rih fkd y' n%yauhd ;=kajk jrg o wdhdpkh l< úg ;:d.;hka jykafia
oefkkakdla fuka fya Ou_h bf.k fkd .kshs' f,daldkqlïmdfjka ish nqÿ kqjK fufyhjd f,dj neÆ fial' tfia
f,dj n,;a u wefiys ¥ú,s wvq yd jeä" kqjK ishqï yd kqjK u|
újrKh iqisß;a we;s yd ÿisß;a we;s" YsËKhg myiq yd YsËKhg wmyiq
wh fuka u mrf,djg yd jrog nh iq`M msßil=;a ÿgq fial' ks,a"
r;=" iqÿ mshqï msfmk fmdl=Kl osfhys cks;j osfhys jeã osh hg
oíî iQmrix h:d( hk ir, Wmudj nqÿrÿka úiska fuysoS bosßm;a
u mj;sk mshqï" osfhys cks;j osfhys jeã osh uÜgug wd mshqï
lr we;af;a m%n, f,i wre; is;g josk wdldrfhks' rij;a
yd osfhys cks;j osfhys jeã osfhka by<g keÕS osfhys fkd .eà
fNdack ms<sfh< lsÍfï oS yekao ksrka;rfhka u Wmldr lr.kq
mj;sk mshqï jYfhka úúO mshqï mj;shs' tfuka u ish nqÿ weiska
,efí' tfy;a yekafoka iQmhka ljr ;rug ye¢.Eï l< o
f,dj n,k ij_{hka jykafiag wefiys ¥ú,s wvq yd jeä ;shqKq
lsis lf,l iQmfha ri yekaog fkd oefka' Ôú; ld,hla mqrd
nqoaêfhka hq;= yd nqoaê uÜgfuka ySk" hym;a pß; we;s yd my;a
w{dkhka mKaä;hl= fiajkh l< o Tyqg thska ksis M, ,eîu
pß; we;s" YsËKhg myiq yd YsËKhg wmyiq wh o tfuka
wmyiq úh yels nj fuhska lshefjhs' fuh b;d m%n, yd is;a
u mrf,dalhg yd jeros lsÍug hk folg nh we;s iq`M msßila
ldjosk lshquls'
o isák nj fmkS .sfha h' blaì;s Wkajykafia iyïm;s n%yauhd
wu;d fufia jod< y'
Oïu( Oïu hk jpkhg wre;a /ila ;sfí' fmdÿfõ ldf.a;a
is;g kefÕk ckm%sh wre; kï znqoaO foaYkdjZ hkakhs'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f,dalhdg foaYkd lf<a ;uka jykafia —Tjqkg wuD;fhys fodr újr lrk ,oS' lka we;af;da Y%oaOdj
m%;HË l< i;Hh hs' nqÿrÿka mila l< fï i;Hh .ek f,dalhd fmroeß lr;ajdæ n%yauh" fjfyi ksIaM, fj;s hs' uu foú
oek .kafka fn!oaO idys;Hh ;=<sks' nqoaOFjfhka wk;=rej ñksiqkg fuu ioaO¾uh foaYkd fkd lr isáfhñ'˜ O¾ufhys
úuqla;s iqjfhka úfõlSj jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fun÷ Wodj isÿ jQfha fufia h'

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 15

 kqjKe;a;d fudfyd;l=ÿ mKaä;fhl= fijqfKa fõo oyu jyd oek.kafka h'

65' uqyq;a;ums fp ú[aü fudfyd;la fyda kqjKe;af;la

mKaä;x mhsremdi;s l< fyd;a mçjr weiqrla
Åmamx Oïux úcdkd;s ieKlska oek .kshs oyu
ðõyd iQmrix h:d ^5(6& iQm rih f,i ÈjZ.ska

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W.ksuq ioyï - weiqfrka úh;=ka
5 ^6& mdfGhHl ;sia ku f.a l;dj ^65 jk .d:dj&

md fGhHl NsËqka ;sia ku wern fï .d:dj

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska jodrk ,oafoa
fÊ;jkdrdufha jev úiQ iufha h'
újrKh

ðõyd iQmrix h:d( fmr .d:dfjys oelajQ wdydr ri oek .ekSfï

Wmudfjys f;audj u fï .d:djg o wod<j we;' yekao oskm;du
iQm msiSfï oS yd fnoSfïoS Ndú; l< o th iQm rih wdiajdokh
mdfGhHl m%foaYfha ;reKfhda ;sia fofkla jrla lsÍfuys ,d iu;a fkd fjhs' tfy;a osj ixfõos núka ;shqKq
úfkdao pdßldjla i|yd jkdka;rhlg .sh y' thska fyhska iQmhla hka;ï osj .egqKq jydu th tys rih oek .kshs'
úisku fofkla ;u Nd¾hdjka o iu. meñK isáhy' keKj;d o osjla jeksh' fudfyd;ska Ou_h f;areï .kshs' tfy;a
wújdyl ;eke;a;d fjiÕkla le|jd f.k meñK we;eï wkqjKfhda ye¢ jeks fj;s' osú ysñfhka keKj;=ka weiqre
l< o Tjqyq Ou_h f;areï fkd .ks;s'
;sìK' Tjqka ld î úfkdaofhka yeisfr;a oS ldf.a;a
wjOdkh bj; fhduq jQ fudfyd;la n,d fjiÕk ú[aü( hï hï foa úfYaIfhka f;areï .ekSfï iajNdjh we;s
Tjqka f.a jákd wdNrK wdosh fidrd f.k m,d ;eke;a;d ú[aü kï fjhs' zzúfiaix cdkd;s iSf,kd;s ú[aüZZ
.shd h' hkqfjka wgqjdpdhH_jre fuh olaj;s' nqoaêfhka Wiia ^Wiia nqoaê
M,hla we;s& ;eke;a;d f,i j;_udk w¾:fhka oelaúh yel' fuu
ishqï wjfndaOk Yla;sh ke;s" jyd lreKq jgyd .kakg wiu;a
jkh mSrñka fjiÕk fidhd hk Tjqkg ;=re uq,l wh nqoaê ySkfhda h'
njqka jvñka isá nqÿrÿka olakg ,eìK' Wkajykafia
fj; meñKs Tjqyq —iñ÷ks" fï foig ldka;djla nqoaêu;a mqreI f;u fudfyd;la kuq;a m%{dj we;s ;eke;af;l=
hkq ÿgq fiala o@˜ hs m%Yak l< y' —ldka;djla fidhd fiajkh l< fyd;a W.; hq;a; bf.k" weish hq;a; wid" jyd
hkjdg jvd ;uka fidhd .;af;d;a krl o@˜ hs nqÿyq u Ou_h bf.k .kshs' bkamiq lugyka jvd jEhï lr Wiia
wdOHd;añl iqjh ,nhs' tu wjfndaOk fl!Y,Hfhys ;SËaKFjh
m%Yak l< y' ;uka fidhd .ekSu jvd jeo.;a nj zðõyd iQmrix h:dZ hk Wmudfjka m%n, f,i igyka fjhs'
Tjqka ms<s.;a fyhska ;:d.;hka jykafia Tjqkg
Ou_ foaYkd l< y' oyfuys myka jQ Tjqyq tays NsCLQ
Ndjfhka meúos jQ y'

miq osfkl nqÿka olakg wd ;sia ku wku;.a. iQ;%

foaYkdj wid ry;aM,h ,o y' fï NsËq ;sia ku b;d
blaukska Wiia wê.u ,;a whqre úiauh cklhehs
NsËQka jykafia,d w;r l;d ny we;s úh' ta ie,jQ
úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" fï Tjqka blauka
m%;sM, ,o m%:u j;dj fkd fjhs' bl=;a ckauhl;a
TjQyq iqrd mdkh lr ld î úfkdao fjñka isáhoS
l=Kaä, úiska foiQ wjjdo wid ÿisß;a yer hy.=K
jevQy˜hs l=Kaä, cd;lh foaYkd lr jod< y'
wk;=rej Wkajykafia fï .d:dj o foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^65 .d:dj&

fp ú[aü uqyq;a;x wms mKaä;x mhsremdi;s Åmamx

Oïux úcdkd;s h:d ðõyd iQmrix

fp( boska¦ ú[aü( kqjKe;a;d¦ uqyq;a;x wms(

fudfyd;la jQj¦ mKaä;x mhsremdi;s( mKaä;hl=
fiajkh lrhs kï¦ Åmamx( blauKska u¦ Oïux(
O¾uh¦ úcdkd;s( wjfndaO lr .kshs¦ h:d( hï
fia¦ ðõyd( osj¦ iQmrix( iQmhkays rih ^oek.kS o
tmßoafokau h&'

kqjKe;a;dg tla fudfyd;la mKaä;hl= wdY%h

lrkakg ,enqKfyd;a" b;d blauKska u fya Ou_h
wjfndaO lr .kshs' osj b;d blauKska iQmhka ys rih
f;areï .kakdla fuks'

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 17

 wkqjKfhda mõlï lrñka ;udg i;=frl= jeks jq w;a neúka hq;= je yeisfr;a'

66' prka;s nd,d ÿïfuOd ir;s wkqjK ofkda yeu ;ek

wñ;af;fkZj w;a;kd ;ukag u i;=relï lrñk
lfrdka;d mdmlx lïux lr;s mjqlï fkdfhla whqßk
hx fyda;s lgqlmaM,x ^5(7& lgql m%;sM, ,efnhs ksielsk

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 i;=reh ;ukag u mjqlï lrkakd
5 ^7& iqm%nqoaO l=IaG frda.shd f.a l:dj ^66 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia rc.y kqjr

fõ`Mjkdrdufhys jev jdih lrk fiala
iqm%nqoaO kï l=Iag frda.shd wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd
Tyq msg;aj f.dia jeäÿr hkakg fkd ,eìK' ;reK
.jfokl úiska wkskq ,en fya ñh .sfha h' th merKs
lu_hla úmdl oSula jQfha h'
lr jod< y'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^66 .d:dj&
tl, rc.ykqjr iqm%nqoaO kï l=IaG frda.sfhla jdih
lf<a h' oskla fya Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka oyï nd,d ÿïfïOd hx lgqlmaM,x fyd;s ^;x& mdmlx
wikq leu;sj fõ`Mjkdrduhg .sfha h' tfy;a ;ud lïux lfrdka;d w;a;kd wñ;af;k bj prka;s
l=Iag frda.shl= fyhska wka whg lrorhla fj;shs
is;+ fyf;u msßia ueog fkdf.dia fl<jrlg ù nd,d( fkd fïre kqjKe;s¦ ÿïfïOd( w{dk ckfhda¦
Ou_ Y%jKh lf<a h' uy;a Y%oaOdfjka nK weiQ fya hx lgqlmaM,x fyd;s( hula lgql úmdlodhl kï
Ou_dkqYdikdj wjidkfhys fidajdka M,h ,eîh' tn`ÿ¦ mdmlx lïux( mdm l%shd¦ lfrdka;d( lrñka¦
thska uy;a fidïkig m;a Tyqg ;ud ,o wê.uh w;a;kd( ;ud f.a¦ wñ;af;k bj( i;=rl= fuka¦
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ie, lrkakg n,j;a wdYdjla prka;s( yeisfr ;s'
we;s úh' tfy;a l=Iag frda.fhka fmf<k fyhska msßi
ueog hkakg ue,s jQ fya ish¨ fokd msg;aj hk ;=re kqjK u| nd,fhda lgql úmdlodhl mdm lu_ lrñka
mfilg ù isáfha h' ;ud ;udf.au i;=rka njg m;aj Ôj;a fj;s'

ish¨ fokd neyerj bvlv ie,iqKq miq fyf;u újrKh

wdrduh ;=<g hkakg iQodkï úh' ta fudfydf;a Tyq
nd,d ÿïfïOd( kqjK u| nd, ckhd' nd, yd ÿïfïO hk
mÍËd lrkakg is;+ Yl% foafõkaø f;u wyfiys isg
jpk fofla u wre; iudk h' fïOd hkak l`ÿ uqÿklg jka
iqm%nqoaO wu;d fufia mejiS h' —iqm%nqoaO" fï wykak' fyK myrla fuka f,daN oafõId oS jQ ish¨ flf<ia jkik nj
Tn ÿmam;a h' wirK h' uu Tng uy;a iïm;a yÕjhs' tu fïOd fyj;a úpËK {dkh ke;s wh ÿïfïOd f,i
foñ' ug Tn tla ldßhla lrkak' znqÿyq nqÿyq fkd ye`oskafõ'
fj;s' O¾uh O¾uh fkd fõ' ix>hd ix>hd fkd fõZ
hs m%isoaêfha m%ldY lrkak' ug nqÿka" Ou_h" ix>hd
;s;a;hs lshd Tn m%isoaêfha lsjfyd;a uu wiSñ;
iïm;a ,nd foñ˜ ta weiQ iqm%nqoaO —ug fï fhdackd
lrk Tn ljqo@˜ hs úuiS h'

Yl%hd o —uu Yl% foafõkaø fjñ˜ hs mejiS h'

iqm%nqoaO ta wid —Tn kï ,Êcd ke;s flfkls' ug
l;d lrkakg Tn iqÿiafila fkd fõ' ud os<skafola
wirKfhla fldg Tn l;d lrhs' uu os<s÷
wirKfhla fkd fjñ' uu fida;dmkak Wmdilfhla
fjñ' ud i;=j ima;dhH_ Okh ;sfí' tn÷ Okhla
we;af;l=g nqoaOdoS W;a;ufhda oßø hehs fkd lsh;s'

ug fujeks my;a fhdackd fkd lrj˜ hs Yl%hdg ks.%y

lf<a h' ta wid isá Yl%hd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuq
ùug f.dia mQK_ ixjdoh u Wkajykafiag ie,lr
isáfha h' ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —tla Yl%hl=g
;nd Yl%hka oyilgj;a iqm%nqoaO ,jd tjekakla
lshjd .; fkd yel' fudku iïm;la ,ÿj;a nqÿyq
nqÿyq fkd fj;s" Ou_h Ou_h fkd fõ" ix>hd ix>hd
fkd fõ" ug nqÿka" Ou_h yd ix>hd ;s;a;h hs Tyq f.a
uqúka fkd lshefjkq we;'˜ hs
jod< y'

iqm%nqoaO Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia olskakg f.dia je|

kuialdr fldg ish,a, okajd isáfha h' tfia okajd
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 19
 l`ÿ¨ msreKq uqyqKq we;sj ÿla ú`oS' miq;eú,s ùug isÿjk mõlï fkd lsÍu hym;s'

67' k ;x lïux l;x idOq lr ;efjkakg jk hula

hx l;ajd wkq;mam;s th fkd l< hq;= mõ lula
hiai wiaiquqfLd frdox l`ÿ`M jels uqyqKska úmdlh
úmdlx máfij;s ^5(8& ú`¢kakg isÿjk fohla

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿla fohs kï - y< hq;= lï
5 ^8& f.dúhl= .ek mqj;la' ^67 jk .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia tla;rd f.dúhl=g isÿ jQ úm;la
wern fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
meñK jQ y' tysoS fyf;u —foajhka jykai" uu
fidfrla fkd fjñ' tod Wfoa ud Th uqo,a fmdosh
ÿgq fõf,a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wdkkao ysñhka iuÕ
t;ek isáh y' Wkajykafia,d foku w;r jQ ixjdoh
ieje;a kqjr iómfhys f.dúfhla l=Uqrla idñka ksid u uu th ÿgqfjñ' ta ixjdoh ug fyd`oska u;l
isÜfha h' l,ska osk /fhys Okj;l= f.a f.hla ì¢ isáfha h' uu th kej; kej; lshñka urKhg msh
fidreka ta l=Uqr wi,ska hñka isáh oS uqo,a fmdoshla keÕSñ˜ hs ie, lr isáfha h'
tla fidrl= úiska wka whg fydfrka iÕjd f.k hoaoS
we÷ï w;=ßka ,siaid f.dia ìu jeà ;sìKs' —tfia kï kqU nqÿrÿka idlaIHh jYfhka olaj;shs
is;ñ˜ hs mejiQ rc f;u Tyq;a iuÕ u Nd.Hj;=ka
miqosk ysñosßfha u f.dúhd meñK jev mgka .;a jykafia yuqjg meñKsfhah' —uyrc" fudyq lshk
w;r Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o ta wi,ska .uka lrñka ni ienE h' uu fudyqg jk úm; oel tys jevu
isáh y' Wkajykafia f.a fk;g ìu jeà ;snqKq uqo,a lf<ñ'˜ hs lrekq meyeos,s lr ÿka nqÿ mshdfKda
fmdosh ,laúKs' wk| ysñfhda o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —hful= l< hq;af;a miqj ;efjkakg isÿjk foa fkd
iuÕ isáh y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia l=Uqr wi,ska fõ' l`ÿ`M i,ñka úmdl ú¢kakg jk l%shd fkd lsÍu
jevu lrkq ÿgq f.dúhd jydu wjq;a nqÿrcdKka hym;ahZZ hs jodrñka fï .d:dj foaYkd l< y'
jykafiag je| kuialdr lf<a h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^67 .d:dj&
Tyq fï uqo,a fmdosh ksid wudrefõ jefgkakg hk
nj;a ;uka jykafiag Tyqg msysg ùfï yelshdj we;s hx l;ajd wkq;mam;s" hiai úmdlx wiaiquqfLd frdox
nj;a WoEiku uyd lreKdfjka ÿgq Wkajykafia máfij;s ;x lïux k l;x idOq
fuys jevu lf<a o Tyqg msysg ùu i|yd h'
tfyhska f.dúhdg hula fkd lshd Tyqg wefik mßos hx( hï lsis l%shdjla¦ l;ajd( fldg¦ wkq;mam;s(
Wkajykafia wdkkao ysñhka wu;d —úil=re i¾mhd miq ;efjkakg isÿfõ o¦ hiai( hï lsis lu_hl¦
oelald o" wdkkao@˜ hs mejiQ y' wk| ysñfhda o úmdlx( úmdlh¦ wiaiquqfLd( l`ÿ¨ jels uqyqKska
uqo,a miqïìh foi n,d —tfyuhs iajdóks' fndfydu hq;=j¦ frdox( y~ñka¦ máfij;s( ú¢kakg fõo¦
Nhdkl i¾mfhla˜ hs mejiQ y' ;x lïux( ta l%shdj¦ k l;x( fkd l< fyd;a¦ idOq(
uekú'
nqÿ iñ÷ka yd wk| ysñhka kslau .sh miq uu ta
úil=re i¾mhd urñ hs is;d .;a f.dúhd t;ekg hula l< miq miq;efjkakg isÿ fõ kï" tys úmdlh
.sfha h' i¾mhl= fjkqjg Tyq ÿgqfõ uqo,a fmdoshls' ú¢kakg jkafka l`ÿ¨ fmrñka y~d je,fmñka kï"
l=ula l< hq;= oehs is;d .kakg wiu;a jQ fyf;u th tn÷ foa fkd lr isàu hym;a h'
mia hg iÕjd f.dia jev mgka .;af;a h'
újrKh
fï w;r .ï jeiafida f.h ì¢ fidreka fidhd ta
fï w; hkafkda l=Uqr wi,g meñK w¨;a miska jid wiaiquqfLd frdaox( wefiys l`ÿ¨ mqrjd f.k úmdl ú¢kakg jkafka
krl l%shdj, h' th l,a we;sj u f;areï f.k tn÷ l%shd fkd
;snqKq uqo,a fmdosh fidhd .;a y' t;eka isg l=Uqrg lr isákafka kï fhfyls'
fhduqj ;snQ md igyka wkqj f.dúhd /fhys fidrlï
fldg oyj,a l=Uqf¾ jev lr;shs is;d Tyq w,a,d ;<d wkq;mam;s( ;efjhs" miq;efjhs' we;eï l%shd l< úg uq,ska is;a
fm<d rdc mqreIhkag Ndr l< y' Tyq uy rc;=ud ;ejq,la we;s fkd jqj o miqj ;uka l< fofhys nrm;, lu
fj; muqKqjk ,oska urK o~qju kshu lrk ,oS' f;areï f.k ;efjkakg isÿ fjhs'

rdc mqreIfhda Tyq jOlia:dkh lrd li myr

foñka weo f.k .sh y' fya os.gu —wdkkao" úil=re
i¾mhd oelald o@ tfyuhs iajdóks" fndfydau Nhdkl
i¾mfhla˜ hkak lshñka .sfha h' os.ska os.g u
fudyq fï lshjkafka nqÿ rÿka yd wk| ysñhka w;r
jQ ixjdohla nj f;areï .;a rdc mqreIfhda —Tn
fï lshjk fofhys w¾:h l=ula o@˜hs úuiQ y' —ud
uyrcq yuqjg meñK jqjfyd;a lshkafkñ˜ hs f.dúhd
mejiQfhka rdc mqreIfhda kej; Tyq uyrcq yuqjg
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 21
 fidïki jefvk fohla lsÍu iemhg fya;=jk neúka th b;d hym;a jkafka h'

68' ;[ap lïux l;x idOq l< miqj fkd ;efjk hula
hx l;ajd kdkq;mam;s fjf;d;a th l< hq;= fohla
hiai m;Sf;d iqufkd m%S;sfhka i;=áka úmdlh
úmdlx máfij;s ^5(9& ú¢kakg yels mskalula

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<d;a fyd`o foaj,a - fõh fof,dju hym;a
5 ^9& iquk ud,dldrhd f.a l:dj ^68 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia fÊ;jkdrufhys jev úiQ

iufhys iquk kï jQ u,alrejl= wern fï
.d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
wg oyila" rdclSh wka;#mqrfhka ij_dNrK úN+Is;
rdc lkHdjka wg fofkla iy iY%Sl .ïjr wgla
o mß;Hd. lf<a h' fï wfÜ ;E.s wgla fok ,oafoa
u,alre u,a wg ñgla ms¥ fyhsks'
iquk úiska oskm;d WoEikska ìïìidr rc;=udg iuka
msÉp u,a iemhsh hq;=j ;sìKs' oskla WoEik u,a o ikaOHd Nd.fhys" wk| uy f;reyq —uq`M oji
/f.k rcjdi,g hk w;r;=r Tyqg Nd.Hj;=ka mqrdu rc.y kqjr ieKfl<s isß .;af;a h' fï
jykafia Y%djl ix>hd mssßjrd nqÿ/iska nn<ñka uy ufyda;aijhg ksñ;s jQ iquk u,alrejdg w;ajk
uÕ jvkd wisßh olakg ,eìK' nqÿrÿka f.a rEisß wdksYxih ljr úosfha tllaoe˜hs nqÿrcdKka
yd nqoaOdkqNdj ÿgq u,alreg mqokakg fjk;a fohla jykafia f.ka úuiQ y' —wdkkao" iquk ;u Ôú;h
fkd ;snqfKka rcqg f.k hk u,a mqokakg is;la my< ud yuqfõ mQcd lf<a h' ;u l=Y, lu_fhys úmdl
úh' rcqg u,a ke;s jqjfyd;a ;ukag oreKq o~qjï Tyq fidïkiska ú¢kq we;' foõ ñksia fo.;sfhys
,efnk nj oek oek;a my< jQ ieoeye is; ksid ud iem iïm;a ú| fl<jr fyf;u iquk kñka u mfia
ráka m<jd yeßh;a" urd oeuqj;a fï mQcdj lrñhs nqÿjrfhla j wud uy ksjka iqj ,nkafka he˜hs jodrd
is;d nqÿrÿka u; u,a jeiaila fuka u,a biafia h' fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'

Tyq bisk bisk u,ska nqÿrÿka u; u,a úhkla fia o újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^68 .d:dj&
Wka jykafia f.a yd;a miska ;srfha o m%d;sydhH_uh
ú,difhka u,a /÷fKa h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia hx l;ajd k wkq;mam;s hiai úmdlx m;sf;d
úoSfhys fmrg h;a u u,a úhk yd u,a ;sr iqufkd máfiaj;s ;[ap lïux l;x idOq'
Wkajykafia iuÕu fmrg hhs' ijkla nqÿ /iska
jvd;a m%Ndu;a jQ fï mqIam uKavmh oel w;Hka; hx( hïlsis l%shdjla¦ l;ajd( fldg¦ k wkq;mam;s(
m%fudaohg m;a jQ u,alre Wkajykafia iuÕ iEfyk miq ;eùula fkdjkafka o¦ hiai( hï lu_hl¦
ÿrla .uka fldg fidïkiska u ksfji n,d f.dia úmdlx( úmdlh¦ m;sf;d( m%S;su;aj¦ iqufkd(
ìßkaoEg o ta mqj;a ie< lf<a h' fidïkiska¦ máfiaj;s( ,nkafka o¦ ;[ap lïux(
tjka jQ ls%hdj¦ l;x( lsÍu¦ idOq( uekú'
Tyq f.a ìß| oek W.;a fyda ieoeyej;a flfkla
fkd jQjd h' weh is;=fõ Tyq wkqjK ls%hdjla lr we;s hïlsis l%shdjla l< miq miq;efjkafka ke;sj m%S;sfhka
nj h' rdc Woyi Tyq fj; fhduq fj;shs is;+ ´" fidïkiska úmdlh ú|.kakg ,efnkafka kï" tn÷
thska ;ukag o uy;a jHikhla fj;shs is;d ìhm;aj lu_ lsÍu hym;a h'
rc;=ud yuqjg f.dia ieñhd l< wkqjKlug ;ud
f.a iyfhda.hla ke;s nj mjid ;ud Tyqf.ka fjkaj újrKh
hk nj oekqï ÿkakd h'
m;Sf;d iqufkd( hkafkka m%S;sh yeÕfjhs' is; m%S;sfhka msreKq
mqoa.,hdg zm;Sf;dZ hs lsj yel' ziqufkdZ kï fidïkia is; we;s
fidajdkaj isá ieoeyej;l= jQ ìïìidr rc;=ud tmj;a ùuhs' fï mo folska yÕfjkafka mqKH l¾u lrk mqoa.,hdg tys
wid f;dr;=re úuid n,d uy;a fidïkig m;aj wkqiia N+la;s ú¢k úg W;al¾Ij;a m%S;s fõ.h;a" fidaukiaihla
jydu nqÿrÿka ud,s.hg jevu lrjd uy oka meje;aù we;s jk nj h' ish`M fokd úiska l< hq;af;a tn÷ ls%hd h'
h' m%d;sydhH_h .ek ie,j oyia .Kka ckhd /iaj
isá w;r Tjqyq fÊ;jkdrduh olajd nqÿrÿkg miq
.uka o l< y' wk;=rej u,alre f.kajQ rcf;u
—nqÿrÿkg u,a mQcd lroaoS Tng is;=fKa l=ula o@˜hs
m%Yak lf<a h' —foajhka jykai" uu uf.a Ôú;h
nqÿrÿkg mqo lf<ñ'

Tn jykafia ud ráka fkrmkakg fyda jO oS urkakg

ms<sjk' tfia lf<a jqj o lï ke;ehs is;=fjñ˜hs
u,alre mejiS h' ta weiq ìïìidr rc f;u —Tn
fY%IaG ukqIHfhls' Tfí l%shdj uyd mß;Hd.hls˜ hs
iquk f.a l%shdj w.h lrñka Tyqg we;=ka wgfofkla"
wiqka wgfofkla" fiajlhka wgfofkla" fiaúldjka
wgfofkla" wk¾> udKslH wgla" uqo,ska lyjKq
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 23
 wl=i,h hï;dla l,a úmdl fkdfoao ta;dla l,a nd,hd th ñysß fldg is;kafka h'

69' uOQZj u[a[;s ndf,d mjq fudard hk ;=re u;a

hdj mdmx k mÉp;s ñysßh ó meKsfia is;;a
hod p mÉp;S mdmx fïrE od w`o n, i;a
w: ndf,d ÿlaLx ks.ÉP;s ^5(10& ú`os;s ksrd ÿla n,j;a

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<da;ska mdmh - wñysß fjhs úmdlh
5 ^10& Wmam,jKaKd NsËqKsh f.a l:d jia;=j ^69 .d:dj&

W mam,jKaKd NsËqKsh ksñ;s fldg jod<

fï .d:dj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska
fÊ;jkdrdufhys oS foaYkd lrk ,oafoa h'
fkd lr;s' mshqï mf;l jegqKq osh ì| tys fkd
wef,k mßoafoka boslgq ;=vl wn weghla fkd r|k
mßoafoka ry;ka jykafia f.a isf;ys o lduh fkd
/f|hs'˜hs jod< fial'
ieje;a kqjr tla Okj;a isgqjrhl=g m%shxlr
oshKshla jQjd h' weh ks,a udfk,a u,la fuka iqkaor újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^69 .d:dj&
jQ fyhska zWmam,jKaKdZ hs kï lrk ,oS' weh
f.a rEm fi!kaohH_h ms<sn| rg mqrd me;sr .sfhka mdmx hdj k mÉp;s ndf,d uOQ bj u[a[;s hod p
rc l=udrjre" isgq l=udrjre yd úúO Okj;a m%N+ mdmx mÉp;s w: ndf,d ÿlaLx ks.ÉP;s
;reKfhda weh w; m;d wdy' fuh isgq;=udg uy;a
.eg¿jla jQfhka oskla fyf;u ish oshKsh iu. ta mdmx( mõ lu¦ hdj( hï;dla¦ k mÉp;s( fkd mefiao
ms<sn|j idlÉPd lf<a h' ^ta ;dla&¦ ndf,d( w{dk f;fï¦ uOQ bj( ó fuka
^ñysß fldg&¦ u[a[;s( yÕshs¦ hod p( hï lf,l
—oshKsfhks" fï ;rï úYd, msßila Tfí w; m;oaoS" jkdys¦ mdmx( mõ lu¦ mÉp;s( mefiao¦ w:( tl,ays
tla whl= f;dard .ekSu wmg uy;a .eg¨jls' fï ndf,d( w{dk f;fï¦ ÿlaLx( ÿlg¦ ks.ÉP;s(
.eg¨fjka flfia ñfouq oe˜hs fya weh f.ka ms<s;=rla meñfKhs'
wfmaËd lrñka úuiS h' idlÉPdj wjik mska fudard
.sh l=ußhla jQ Wmam,jKaKd yd weh f.a mshd w{dk f;fï ;ud l< mdmh úmdl fok ;=re th
tlÕ;ajhg wd y' Tjqka fofokdf.au ;SrKh jQfha ñysß rila fuka is;hs' tfia jqj o ;ud l< mdmlu_h
Wmam,jKaKd meúos Ôú;hg we;=<;a úh hq;= njhs' úmdl fok úg fyf;u ÿlg m;a jkafka h'

meúos jQ w¿;u Wfmdai:d.drfhys j;dj;g .sh újrKh

Wmam,jKaKd" th weuo myka o,ajd myka ±,a,
foi n,d isáhd h' th foi tl È.g n,d isák weh mdmx( mdmh" wl=i, phH_hdj" mdm Yíoh o fn!oaO idys;Hfhys
fhfohs'
lisK Ndjkdjg fhduq ù f;fcdlisK Ndjkdfjkau
isjq ms<sisôhd m;a ry;a fufyKshl jQjd h' ish¨ ifÉ;ksl wl=i, l%shd fya;=fjka mdmh cks; fjhs' mdm
l%shdjkag miqìï jkafka rd.h" oafõIh yd fudayhhs' fudayh
okjQ ießirñka i;ayg fi;a jvñka l,a hejQ fya;=fjka ;u l%shdfjys mj;akd kskaos; ÿrdpdÍ iajNdjh f;areï
Wmam,jKaKd NsËqKsh jrla wUjkfhys l=áhla fkd .kakd ÿ¾ckfhda ;djld,sl wdiajdo ud;%hu ó meKsfia
uOqrj .ks;s'
;kjd f.k úfõl iqjfhka úiqjd h' .sys l, weh
f.a rEmfYdaNdfjka u;aj ldudYla;j isá weh f.a
udud flfkl= f.a mq;%hd jQ kkao kï ;reKfhla
t;=ñh ms~q isÕd .sh w;r l=áhg je|S" we| hg
ieÕù isg weh meñK wef|ys je;sr .;a jyd u
t<shg wjq;a n,y;aldrlï lf<a h' Tyq wef|ka ìug
nei hkakg ierfi;a u ñysl; m,df.k Tyq wùÑ
uyd krldoshg .sh nj jd¾;d fjhs'

NsËqKsh ;ukag jQ jHikh wkH NsËqKshkag

mejiqjd h' NsËqKshkaf.ka tmj;a weiQ NsËqyQ ta nj
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï ÿka y' ta ksñ;s lr f.k
NsËQka weu;+ nqÿrcdKka jykafia —uyfKks" .sys
fyda fõjd meúos fyda fõjd" ia;%S fõjd mqreI fõjd"
ljr fyda whl= mdm l¾uhla lrk úg th ó meKs
fuka uOqrj Tyqg jegfykq we;' tfy;a" úmdl ú¢k
úg Tjqka oeä ÿla ú¢kq we;˜ hs m%ldY l< y'

Wmam,jKaKd NsËqKsh kkao f.a n,y;aldrlu fya;=

fldg f.k ldudiajdohla ,eîoehs úu;shla we;s
jQfhka th úi|kq msKsi Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
—uyfKks" ry;ayq lï iem fkd bji;s' ldu fiajkh
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 25
 ^uilg jrla wyr f.k& ñiosgqf.k isákakd Ou_h o;a ry;=kaf.ka fidf<diska tlla j;a fkd jà'

70' udfia udfia l=i.af.k udihlg jrla ne.ska

ndf,d N=[afc: fNdckx tla l=i ;K m;la w.ska
k fid iÙL;Oïudkx nqosñka iq¿ muK fndcqka
l,x w.a>;s fid<isx ^5(11& úiqj;a keK u| ÿokka
ioyï o;a ry;=ka f.ka
ke; tla w.hla fid<iska

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ry;a njhs b;d wf.a
5 ^11& cïnql ysñhka f.a ú;a;sh ^70 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jdih lrk fiala cïnql
kï NsËqku f.a fmr meje;au wern fï .d:dj jod<
—cïnql" fudav ia;%Ska" fudav ñksiqka rjgkjd fuka
ud rjgkak neye' Tn mKia mia jirla lf<a
fudkjdoehs uu okakjd' wiQÑ lñka" ìu ksok Tn
fial' lrk foa uu fyd¢ka okakjd' Tn lf<a ck;dj /
jàula ú;rhs˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq úms<sirg
ieje;a kqjr Okj;a m%N+jrhl= f.a mjqf,ys Wmka m;a lrñka jod< y '— Tng Th wm%ikak Ôú;h
cïnql l=vd úfha mgka u wreu mqÿu .;s.=K .; lrkakg isÿ jqfKa mQj_d;auNdjhl l< wl=i,
úoHudk lf<a h' we|l ksokq ßis fkd jQ fya ìu l¾uhl úmdlh jYfhka˜hs meyeos,s l< Nd.Hj;=ka
ksod.kakg m%sh úh' n;a fjkqjg ;uka f.a u wiQÑ jykafia Tyq fmr ckauhl NsËqjla j isáhos
wkqNjhg reÑ lf<a h' jeä jhig m;a jQj o fï uyry;a kulg ;u odhlhl= l< ix.%y bjish
wm%ikak mqreÿ w;ayer .kakg Tyq wiu;a jQfhka fkdyelsj l< kskaod wmydi ksid fufia Ôj;a jkakg
foudmshkag th uy;a .eg¨jla úh' Tyq ksjfia ;nd isÿ jQ nj fmkajd ÿka y' ta wid ,Êcdjg m;a jQ
.kakg neß ;rï fï phH_hdj cq.=maid ckl jQfhka cïnqlg jia;%hla ÿka nqÿyq nK lshd Tyq ry;a njg
wdÔjlhkg ndroSug Tjqyq ;SrKh l< y' m;a lr meúos lr .;a y'

wdÔjl wdrdufhaoS o Tjqkg ,efnk m%KS; wdydr WoEik meñks cïnql f.a odhlfhda nqÿrÿka cïnql
m%;sfËam lr wiQÑ wkqNj lr wiq jQ fyhska t;ekska f.a Y%djlFjhg m;aj we;a o ke;fyd;a cïnql
m<jd yßkq ,enQ cïnql ;ksj u .,a;,djl jdihg nqoaO Y%djlFjhg m;aj we;aoehs úu;shla Wmkafkka
.sfha h' tys .,a ;,djlg fya;a;= ù ;ks mhska isg nqÿrÿka f.a Wmfoiska m%d;sydhH_h mE cïnql ;uka
f.k uqj újr lr f.k isá fya —uu iq<x wdydr lr nqoaO Y%djl nj m%isoaêfha lshd mEfõ h' cïnql
f.k isáñ˜hs' osjd l, mjid rd;%sfhys wiQÑ wkqNj uilg jrla l=i;K w.ska fndcqka .kakd njla
lr ldg;a fydfrka ìu je;sr ksohs' ksos fkd ,nk fmkajñka .; l< mKiamia jirl l=yl Ôú;h fï
ksrej;a ksrdydÍ ;jqil= f,i m%isoaO jQfhka Tyqg ry;a jQ fudfyd;ska fid<iska wvla ;rï j;a fkd
j¢k mqok ofkda fndfyda jQ y' m%KS; wdydr f.k jákd nj mejiQ ;:d.;hka jykafia fï .d:dj jod<
wdúg l=i;K m;l w. wyfrys .djd osj .dk fya fial'
th ;ukag uilg we;s nj mjihs' fufia mKia
mia jirla fyf;u ck;dj uq<d lr lS¾;s m%Yxid újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^70 .d:dj&
wdosh ,nñka l,a heùh' ofkda Tyqg zcïnql wdÔjlZ
jYfhka kï l< y' ndf,d udfi udfi l=i.af.k fNdckx N=[afc:
fid iÙL;Oïudkx fid<isx l,x k w.a>;s
tla oskla uyd lreKdfjka f,dj n,k nqÿrÿkag
cïnql wdÔjlhka ry;ajkakg ;rï mska fudard we;s ndf,d( w{dkhd¦ udfi udfi( uilg tla jrla
nj fmkS .sfha h' ta wkqj tosk ikaOHd Nd.fhys Tyq ne.ska¦ l=i.af.k( l=i ;K m;l w.ska¦ fNdckx(
f.a jdiia:dkhg jevu l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq wdydr¦ N=[afc:( wkqNj lrhs¦ fid( fyf;u¦
jik .,a fmd;a;g ,Õu .,afmd;a;l rd;%s ld,h iÙL;Oïudkx( uy ry;ka jykafia f.a¦ fid<isx
.; l< fial' /fhys m%:u hdufha oS pd;=ïuydrdðl l,x( oyfhka mx.=jlaj;a¦ k w.a>;s( wf.a fkd
foaj rdcfhda ^y;rjrï foújre& Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fjhs'
f.a i;aldr msKsi wdy' uOHu hdufhys Yl%foafõkaø
f;u nqoafOdamia:dkhg wdfha h' w¨hï fõf,ys kqjK ke;s nd,hl= uilg jrla l=i ;K m;l w.ska
meñKsfha uyd n%yauhd h' ta wh meñKs yeu j;dfõ wdydr ì|la lñka jdih l<d jQj o Tyq ry;ka
u uy jk frdo taldf,dal jQfhka cïnql wdÔjl f;u jykafia kul f.ka oyifhka fldgila ;rï j;a
úiaufhka n,d .sfha h' WoEikska u nqÿrÿka yuqjg fkd jáhs'
f.dia ta meñKsfha ljqrekaoehs wid oek.;af;a h' újrKh

—Tn jykafia tfia kï b;d W;a;u flkl= úh hq;=hs' l=i.af.k fNdckx( b;d iq¿ wdydr m%udKhlska ;udg
hefmkakg yels hhs odhlhdg yÕjkq msKsi l< tla Wml%uhls'
ke;a;ï i;r jrï foõjre" Yl%hd" uyd n%yauhd fï l;dfjys oS odhlhka ri fndcqka ÿkaúg cïnql lf<a thhs'
Tn jykafia f.a fiajhg meñfKkafka keye' uu fï th oeä w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.hla fia ne¨ ne,aug osia úh'
mKiamia jirla ksrej;aj" ;ks mhska" iq<x nqosñka
;jqia oï /l,;a Th tla flfklaj;a ;j u uf.a iÙL; Oïu( hkafkka fidajka M,fha mgka by,g we;s wê.u
fiajhg wdfõ keye˜ hs cïnql m%ldY lf<a h' .; yel'

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 27

 fojq flfKys lsß fkdñfokakd fia mj o l< flfKys úmdl fkdfokafka h'

71' k ys mdmx l;x lïux m, fkdfoaú l< ú.iska

iÊcq ÇrxZj uqÉp;s l,a hhs ñfokd lsßfuka
vyka;x nd,ukafp;s yUhs nd,hka ojñka
NiauÉPkafkdZj mdjfld ^5(12& w¿hg .sks mqmqre f,iska

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l< mõ fkd kefia - w¿hg .sks fia'
5 ^12& wysfm%a;hd f.a l;dj ^71 .d:dj&

w yssfm%a;hl= f.a jD;a;dka;h ksñ;s lr f.k

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jiñka
fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
ñksiqka wjq;a mfia nqÿka .ek úmrï lrk úg —uu
mkai, .sks ;eîñ˜ hs fya mejiS h' l=ms; jQ ñksiaiq
Tyq g myroS urd oeuQ y' wúÖ uyd krldosfhys meiS
blaì;s fya oeka fufia wys fm%a;hl=j ÿla ú`oshs'˜
jrla uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia ,laLK ysñhka o
legqj .scq l=`M mjqfjka nei cá,hka oyila fokd ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" fï
ueoska rc.y kqjr ms~q isÕd jäkq msKsi kslauqK fud.a.,a,dk ia:úrhka mejiQ foa ienEh' uu o fï
y' ta tk w;ru. wysfm%a;hl= ^i¾m fm%a;hl=& wysfm%a;hd oel we;af;ñ' tfy;a ud ta .ek i|yka
ÿgq uq.,ka ud ysñhkag iskd my< úh' iskd my< fkd lf<a kslrefKa iellrkakjqka ;ukag u w,dN
lsÍug fya;=j l=ula oehs ,laLK ysñhka m%Yak l< lr .ks;ehs is;SfuksZZ hs jodrd mqfj_dla; .d:dj o
úg —wdhqIau;aks" oeka fkdj" th Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foaYkd l< fial'
yuqfjys oS úuikak'˜ hs uq.,ka ysñfhda mejiQ y' ms~q
isÕd f.dia oka j<\ nqÿrÿka yuqjg .sh úg ,laLK újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^71 .d:dj&
ia:úrfhda —iñ÷ks" .scq l=¿ mõfjka nisoaoS Tn
jykafia iskd my< lf<a ljr fyhskaoehs ud weiQ úg l;x mdmx lïux Çrx bj iÊcq k ys uqÉp;s'
th nqÿrÿka yuqfõ úuikakehs Tn jykafia mejiQ y' NiauÉPkafkd mdjfld bj ;x nd,x vyx wkafj;s'
oeka ta ljr fyhskaoehs fy<s l< uekú˜ hs wdrdOkh
l< y' l;x( lrk ,o¦ mdmx lïux( mdm l¾uh¦ Çrx
bj( lsÍfuka u¦ iÊcq( jyd¦ k ys uqÉp;s( fkd
—wdhqIau;=ks" uu wysfm%a;hl= oel iskdiqksñ' Tyq f.a ñfokafkau h¦ NiauÉPkafkd( w`Mj,ska jeiqKq¦
iajrEmh uu Tng úia;r lrkafkñ' Tyq f.a ysi mdjfld bj( .sks wÕ=re fuka¦ ;x( th¦ nd,x(
ukqIHhl= f.a fuks' tfy;a l`o i¾mhl= f.a fuka h' w{dkhd¦ vyx( ojñka¦ wkafj;s( miq mi ths'
Tyqg wysfm%a;hd hhs lshkafka ta fya;=fjks' Tyq f.a
os. fhdÿka 25 ls' Tyq f.a ysfika mgka .kakd .sks mdm l¾uhla l< muKska th jydu úmdl fokafka
o¨ j,s.h olajd úyso hhs' j,s.fhka mgka .kakd ke;' lsß" jyd fkd ñoS ld,hla f.k ñfokakdla
.sks o¨ ysi olajd me;sr hhs' ysfika yg .kak .sks fuks' w¿ hg ;snqK;a .sks wÕ=re hula mq`Miaid
fomi osf.a me;sr hhs' fomiska yg .kakd .sks isrer oukakg iu;a jkakdla fuka mdm l¾uh o miq miska
uq¿ukska me;sfrhs fhdÿka 25 la os. fm%a;hka we;af;a wjq;a w{dk mqoa.,hd ojd,hs'
fofofkla muKla hehs lsh;s'
újrKh
tkï" fï wysfm%a;hd iy ;j;a tla ldl fm%a;fhls'
b;sß fm%a;fhda fhdÿka ;=ka ld,la muK os. h' fï iÊcq Çrx j uqÉp;s( hkafkka úia;r lrkafka lsß ñfokakg l,a
.; jk njhs' tfiau lu_h úmdl fokakg fmro tla;rd uqyql=rd
wysfm%a;hd yd ldl fm%a;hd muKla fhdÿka 25 la os.g hdula isÿfõ' tfy;a mõ lrk wkqjK ofkda jydu úmdl fkd
isá;s' uu ldlfm%a;hd o oel we;af;ñ' ldl fm%a;hd ,efnk úg úmdl fkd ,efn;ehs is;d Woï fj;s' th uq<djls'
ÿgq oskfha uu Tyq fmr l< lu_h l=ula oehs weiSñ'
fmr ckaufhl NsËqka jykafia,dg ms<s.ekaùug f.k
.sh n;a md;%hlska lgj,a ;=kla wkqNj l< mdmfhka
tfia ldl fm%a;j ÿla ú`osk nj fya mejiS h'

wysfm%a;hd fm%a;d;auNdjh ,oafoa o n,.;= wl=i,hl

úmdl jYfhks' fyf;u bl=;a Njhl nrKeia kqjr
l=Uqrla lrjQfha h' l=Uqfrka tyd tla ;efkl mfia
nqÿ kula jdih lf<a h' Wka jykafia je|.kakg hk
ieoeyej;a;= l=Uqr md.d f.k h;s'

fuhska f.dúhdg ysßyer úh' l=Uqr md.d f.k fkd

hkakehs lSj;a ñksiqka Bg ijka kqÿka fyhska fï ish¨
lror mfia nqÿka f.a mkai, ksid fkd fõoehs is;+
fyf;u Wkajykafia ms~q isÕd .sh w;r mkai, .sks
;eîh' mfia nqÿrcdKka jykafia o mkai, .skafkka
jekiS ;sfnkq oel fjk;a m<d;lg jeä fial'
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 29
 wkqjKhdf.a oek W.;alu yd biqreu;a nj Tyqg u wjev msKsi jkafka h'

72' hdjfoj wk;a:dh W.;a ismai; fudav ñksil=

[;a;x nd,iai cdh;s úm;a msKsiu isá Tyq yg
yka;s nd,iai iqlalxix bosñ,d ysi msmsr hkafka
uqoaOuiai úmd;hx ^5(13& fyd|la we;akï th;a jkid

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fudavhka f. msmsfrhs ysia - W.;a lñka bosó f.dia
5 ^13& iÜÀl+g fm%a;hd f.a jD;a;dka;h ^72 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia fõ`Mjkdrdufhys jev úiQ

fiala iÜÀl+g kï fm%a;hd ksñ;s lr f.k fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
nd,iai( fudavhd f.a¦ [;a;x( W.;a lu¦ hdj tj(
yqfola¦ wk;a:dh( wk¾:h msKsi u¦ cdh;s( mj;shs¦
nd,iai( fudavhd f.a¦ uqoaOx( ysi¦ úmd;hx( ì|
fy<ñka¦ wiai( Tyq f.a¦ iqlalxix( wxY+ud;% jQ
.,a leg b,lalhg úoSfï iu;a msf<la ^fldfrla& fyd|la¦ yka;s( jkihs'
nrKeia kqjr jdih lf<a h' kq. .ila hg jdih
l< Tyqg kq. .fia fld< j,g .,a leg úo ys,a lr fudavhd hula W.;af;a jqj o th Tyqg wk¾:h msKsi
wõfõ fijke,af,ka we;arEm wia rEm wdosh jefgk u mj;shs' Tyq f.a ysi is| fy<ñka ìkaÿ ud;% jQ
wdldrhg lsÍfï yelshdjla ;sìK' tn`÷ foa lr fyd|la Tyq fj; we;a kï th o jkid ouhs'
olajk Tyqg <uhs lEu îu f.kjq;a fo;s'
újrKh
oskla nrKei rc;=ud ta wi,ska hk úg <uhs ìhm;a
j fldrd .fiys w;= w;r iÕjd mek osjQ y' tfy;a [;a;x - W.;a foa - o;a foa hkq fuys wre;hs' fudavhdg ;u
W.;alñka ksis" ksjeros M, fk<d .kakg wjYH WÑ;dkqÑ;
fld<j, ys,a w;=ßka ìug jefgk we;a rEm wdosh úplaIKh ke;s fyhska th jrojd Ndú; fldg úm;g jefg hs'
oel" fï ldf.a jevla oehs úuid ms<d fidhd .;a Tyq ,Õ hï ìkaÿ ud;% fyda hym;la" .=Khla fõ kï th mjd
rc;=ud Tyq rcjdi,g le|jd f.k .sfha h' mqfrdays; úkdY fjhs'
nuqKd f.a jdpd, lg md,kh lrkq msKsi ms<d ,jd
t`M fná ke,shla Tyq f.a lgg úoaoùu o lrjd .;a
rc f;u uy;a i;=gg m;a j ms<dg isjq foiska .ïjr
y;rla yd w.kd ;E.s fnda. mssßkeóh'

fï oË;dfjka fldrl= ,o ;s<sK oel úYauhg m;a

tla mqoa.,fhla ud fï Ys,amh W.; hq;= hehs is;d
Tyq fj; f.dia Wmia:dk fldg is;a f.k Ys,amfhys
ksmqK jQfha h'

;u kj Ys,am oË;dfjka To jevqKq fya l=i,a

wl=i,a okakd kqjKska f;dr jQ fyhska k.rfhys ms~q
isÕd jäkd mfia nqÿ flkl=ka oel fï mfia nqÿkg
ld;a ljqre;a ke;s fyhska ud t;=ud urd oeïu;a ug
kS;sfhka o~qjula ,efnkafka ke;ehs is;d Wkajykafia
f.a ol=Kq lKg b,lal lr .,la úoafoa h' th lK
úof.k f.dia jï lfKka ksl=;a úh' fya m,d .sfha
h' n,j;a fõokdjg m;a mfia nqÿrcdKka jykafia
ms~q isÕd jäkakg wiu;a j jyd mkai,g yeÍ f.dia
msßksjka mE y'

mfia nqÿkag fï úm; l< ;eke;a;d fidhd .;a

ñksiaiq Tyq ;<d fm<d urd oeuQ y' ñh f.dia wùÑ
uyd krlfhys fndfyda l,a ÿla ú¢ fyf;u bka ñoS
wk;=rej .scql=¿ mõfjys iÜÀl+g fm%a;j Wmkafka h'
,laLK f;reka iuÕ .scql=¿ mõfjys .uka lrk
õgloS ta fm%a;hd ÿgq uy uq.,ka f;reka" fm%a;hd
ms<sn|j l< úia;rh wid isá" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta
ksñ;sfldg fï .d:dj jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^72 .d:dj&

nd,iai [;a;x hdj tj wk;a:dh cdh;s' nd,iai

uqoaOx úmd;hx wiai iqlalxix yka;s'

miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 31

 wkqjK uyKf;u ;uka ;=< ke;s .=K wÕjd nqqyquka yd Wiia neõ m;kafka h'

73' wi;x NdjkñÉfPhH ke;s .=K w.hkq ßis fj;s

mqfrlaLdr[ap NsCLqiq i kdhl lï o m;;s
wdjdfiaiq p biaißhx mkai,a j, wosm;s lï
mQcd mrl=f,iq p ^5(14& mrl=, mQcd o fidh;s

32 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 .=K kqjKska ysia - ßis fj;s ls;= f.dia
5 ^14& Ñ;a; .Dym;shd f.a m%jD;a;sh ^73 yd 74 .d:d&

iq Oïu ia:úrhka yd É;a; .Dym;shd ksñ;s fldg

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska fï .d:d fol foaYkd
lrk ,oafoa fÊ;jkdrdufha jev úiQ iufha h'
ks.%y lsÍfuka Tn lr we;af;a n,.;= jrols˜hs mejiQ
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iqOïu ysñhkag Wkajykafia
f.a jro myod jyd u f.dia .Dym;shd iud lrjd
.kakehs Wmfoia ÿka y' iqOïu ysñfhda o f.dia
uÉðldiKav kï kqjr úiQ Ñ;a; kï .Dym;sf;u É;a; .Dym;shdg —Wmdilh" th uf.a jroh' ug
ms~q isÕd jäkd uydkdu uy ry;ka jykafia oel iudjkak˜ hs lSj o —uu iudj fkd foñ˜hs Ñ;a;
Wkajykafia f.a m%ikak bßhõ úIfhys meyeo" ksjig mejiS h' thska is;a;ejq,g yd wukdmhg m;a iqOïu
jevu lrjd oka ms<s.kajd nK wid meyeoS fidajka ysñ kej; nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqjg .sfha h'
M,h o ,nd .;af;a h' wk;=rej ;uka i;= WoHdkh
w; meka j;a fldg ix>hdg mQcd l< fyf;u tys újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^73 .d:dj&
úYd, wdrduhla bos lrjd mQcd lf<a h' t;eka
mgka th i;r foiska jäkd uy iÕrejkg újD; wi;x Ndjkx" NsCLqiq mqfrlaLdr[ap" wdjdfiaiq
ia:dkhla úh' iqOïu kï f;r kula tys fkajdislj biaißhx p" mrl=f,iq mQcd p bÉfPhH
jdih lrkakg mgka .;af;a h'
wi;x Ndjkx( ;uka fj; ke;s .=K we;ehs ms<s.kq
Ñ;a; .Dym;shd f.a ieoeye .=Kh láka lg me;sr ,eîu¦ NsCLqiq( NsËQka w;r¦ mqfrlaLdr[ap(
.sfha h' ta weiQ ießhq;a-uq.,ka oE. iõfjda o Tyqg mqfrda.dñ;ajh o¦ wdjdfiaiq( úydria:dkj,¦
wkq.%y lrkq leu;sj uÉðldiKavhg jevu l< y' biaißhx p( wdêm;Hh o¦ mrl=f,iq( fjk;a odhl
w.ijq foku meñfKk mqj; weiQ Ñ;a; wv fhdÿkla mjq,a j,ska¦ mQcd p( mqo i;aldr o¦ bfÉPhH( leu;s
fmr .uka fldg Wkajykafia,d ms<sf.k wdrduhg jkafka kï ^th o&
jevu lrjd f.kZjq;a wd.ka;=l i;aldr fldg
—iajdóks" nK álla jod< uekj˜ hs wdrdOkd lf<a ;uka fj; ke;s .=K we;ehs wkHhka ms<s.kq oelaug
h' .uka fjfyi ;snqK o ießhq;a uy f;rKqfjda we;s leue;a;" NsËQka w;r kdhlFjh ,nkakg we;s
fláfhka Ou_dkqYdikhla l< y' reÑh" úydria:dkj, wêm;s moú ,nkakg wdYd ùu"
odhl mjq,a j,ska mqo msßlr ,nkakg we;s reÑh"
ta wid isá Ñ;a; ilDod.dó M,hg m;a jQfha h'
wk;=rej oE.iõjkag;a Wkajykafia,d iuÕ imeñKs
oyila f;rjrekag;a miq osk oj,a odkh msKsi
ksfjig jevu lrkakehs wdrdOkh l< fya wdrdñl
iqOïu ysñhkag o ta yd jevu lrk fia werhqï lf<a
h' —ug wdrdOkd lf<a ldg;a miqjh˜ hs lsmqKq iqOïu
ysñfhda th ms<s fkd.;a y' fo;=ka jrla u werhqï
l< o ms<s fkd .;af;ka Ñ;a; o —Tn jykafia f.a
leue;a;la˜ hs mjid kslau .sfha h'

miq osk fudyq fï w.ijq foku we;=¿ msßig ix.%y

lrkakg iQokï lr we;af;a ljr odk jia;= oehs ±k
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wvqmdvqjla olajkq leue;af;ka —Tn fndfydu chg
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f.dia ish,a, okajd isáfha h' ˜ieoeye;s odhlhdg
miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 33
 kqjK ke;s meúoaod f.a l=ÿ uy;a lghq;= .ek ksire woyia o wdidj yd udkh o jefâ'

74 ufïZj l; u[a[ka;= .sys meúos ljqre;a

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34 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

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miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 35

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36 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

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tfy;a ;siai idufkarhka u nK lshkq we;ehs mejiQ

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miajk mrsÉfPaoh ( nd, j.. 37
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jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
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wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
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fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
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isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
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94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
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msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
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f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
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ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 jro oel ks.dfldg Tjd fok keKj;d ksoka fmkajkafkl= jeksh'

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ÿ.S wirK n%dyauKhl= jQ rdO" NsCIQka jykafia,d
f.a iq¿ iq¿ i;aldr lrñka wdrdufhys l,a f.jQy' jÊcoiaiskx( jro fmkajd fok¦ ks.a.hayjdosx(
NsCIQka jykafia o Tyqg lEu îu" we÷ï me<÷ï" ks.%y l< hq;= ;ek tfia lrk¦ hx( lsishï¦
fí;a fya;a imhd foñka l<.=K oelajQy' rdO fuOdúx( kqjKe;a;l=¦ ksëkx( ksOdkhla¦ mj;a;drx(
NsCIQka jykafiag meúos ùfï wdYdjla cks; jqjo fmkajd fokakl=¦ bj( fuka¦ miafia( olskafka kï¦
lsisu ysñ kula Tyq meúos fkdl<y' fya ta ms<sn|j ;dosix( Mn÷ ¦ mKaä;x( m`äjrhl=¦ Nfc( weiqre
is;a;ejqf,ka miq úh' lrkak¦ ;dosix( tnkaol=¦ Ncudkiai( weiqre
lrkakyqg¦ fifhH fyd;s( hym;lau jkafka h¦
fï w;r;=r oskla l=¿fKka f,dj n,k Nd.Hj;=ka mdmsfhd( jrola¦ k( fkdjkafkah'
jykafia f.a kqjK oe,g Tyq wiq úh' Tyqg ry;a
ùug mska fudard ;snQ nj ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq hfula ;uka f.a jro fmkajd foñka ks.%y l< hq;=
yuqjg f.dia iqjÿla úpd< y' ;uka iqjfia cSj;a jk ;ek ks.%y lr;a kï tn÷ kqjKe;a;d ksOdkhla
kuq;a meúos ùfï wdYdj uqÿka m;a fkdjQ nj fya nqÿ fmkajd fok flkl= fuka is;d f.k wdY%h l< hq;=h'
iñ÷kag okajd isáfha h' tjekakka wdY%h lrk úg wmg hym;la u ñi
úm;a;shla fkd jkafka h'
NsCIQka ;uka fj; le|jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —fï
rdO ;ukag l< Woõjla .ek ldgj;a u;l ke;ao@˜hs újrKh
úuiQ y' fndfyda fok ksy~j isáhoS ießhq;a uy
ry;ka jykafia —iajdóks ud ms~qis`.d hk wjia:djl jcacoiaiskx ks.a.hay jdosx( wmf.a jro oel th fmkajd oS ksis
ks.%yh lrkakjqka ñka woyia fjhs' fï .;s.=K fol mj;skafka
oS fudyq" ;ukag fokq msKsi f.kd n;a yekaola ug idOkSh f,i úfõpkh lrkakka ;=< h' iuyreka jeros
fhduq l< whqre u;lhs˜ hs mejiQ y'zztfia kï fidhkafka mqoa.,hka jkid,k wáfhks' tfy;a fuys oelajQfha
idßmq;a;" l< .=K i,ld fudyq meúos lrkakZZ hs ks¾udKYS,S úfõpkh fyj;a wvqmdvq yodf.k ksjro jkakg
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< y' ta wkqj rdO ießhq;a wdOdÍ jk ldreKsl úfõpkh .ek h' tn÷ flkl= jrola
ysñmdKka f.a YsIHhl= fia meúos jQy' fmkajd fok úg th ksOdkhla fmkajd oSu fia .; hq;=h' ;u jro
ÿrelr f.k jvd;a mßmQ¾K" ksjeros fyd`o .=K we;s ldf.a;a
m%Yxidjg ,lajk ;eke;a;l= ùu i`oyd flfrk Wmldrhla
b;d lreKdfjka rdO /l .;a ießhq;a ysñfhda jYfhka tn`ÿ úfõpk i,lk úg fï lshqfuys w.h jegfykq
Tyqg Ndjkd Wmfoi ÿka y' w;sYhska lSlre iqúkS; we;'
NsCIqjla jQ rdO ta Wmfoia ms<smeo b;d blauKska u
ry;a jQ y' Wkajykafia f.a lSlre úkS; iajNdjh;a
ießhq;a ud ysñmdKka f.a ldreKsl bjis,su;a
.;s.=K;a .ek NsCIQka jykafia,d w;r ks;r l;d
ny we;s úh'

jrla ta ms<sn`o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iu. NsCIQka

idlÉPd l< úfgl Wkajykafia zzuyfKks rdO
wdo¾Yhg f.k iEu NsCIq kula u úkS; NsCIQka úh
hq;=hehs jod<y'

idßmq;a; o fmr ckauhl fl;rï l<.=K ie<lSu

m%.=K l<d o h;a yqfol,d yia;s rdcfhlaj bmso ;u
mfhys ;=jd,hla iqj l< jvq ld¾ñlhkg lD;{;dj
olajkq jia ;u mq;a we;a megjd mß;Hd. lf<ah˜ hs
jod< y' rdO f;reka f.a wjjdo ms<s.ekSfï .=Kh
w.h lrñka fï .d:dj o foaYkd l< fial'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 7

 Tjdfok" wkqYdikd lrk" múka j<lajk ;eke;a;d iqokkg m%sh h' ÿokg wm%shh'

77' TjfohHdkqidfihH Tjoka wkqidikd

wiíNd p ksjdrfh lr krlska j,lkd
i;x ys fid msfhd fyd;s whg ms%hhs i;aokd
wi;x fyd;s wmamsfhd ^6'2& ÿokka ms%h fkdu fjkd

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 iqokka yg ÿka Tjoka - wujka fõ ijKg jka
6 ^2& wiaics yd mqkíniql foku f.a l:dj ^77 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

wiaics yd mqkíniql ysñjreka wrnhd fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
újrKh

TjfohH-wkqidfihH( wjjdo lsÍu yd wkqYdikd lsÍu hk fï

jpk folys w¾: úfNaoh;a we;eï wgqjdj, ths' hula l<
mqoa.,hl= fj; f.dia Tyq weiqre fldg l< hq;=-fkdl< hq;= foa
wiaics yd mqkíniql hk kï we;s NsCIQ foku lshd oSu wjjdo fjhs' hula lr ke;;a" fufia l< fyd;a fufia
hym;a mjq,a j,ska wjq;a w.%Y%djl ysñjreka fofok fjhs" fuh fkdlf<d;a fufia fjhs wdoS jYfhka wkd.; p¾hdj
fj; meúos jQy' tfy;a Tjqyq úkh .rel fkdù ,Êcd ms<sn`o flfrk Wmfoia oSu wkqYdikd kñ' wjjdoh wjjdo ,nk
Nh ke;sj fl<sf,d,a cSú; .; l<y' Tjqka mqoa.,hd ldhsl jYfhka wNsuqLj isák úg lrkakls' wkqYdikdj
wkNsuqLfha jqjo ¥;hl= u.ska" ,smshla u.ska jeks lsishï
lSgd.sßfha jdih lf<a ;j;a mkaishhla muK msßjr ikaksfõok udOHhlska l< yels h' ;j;a w¾:hla kï" jrla
NsCIQka o leáj h' muKla lrkafka wjjdohhs' os.ska os.g u lrkafka wkqYdikhhs
hkak h'
Tjqyq Ndjkd lrkq fjkqjg u,a jjd u,a oï f.d;d
<÷kag oSu" iqrd mdkh" kegqï .ehqï lsÍu jeks úkh wiíNdp ksjdrfh( iudchg" iNdjg wfhda.H jQ fohska j<ld
,Su' m%dK>d;h" fidrlï lsÍu jeks mxp ÿIapß;h iudc
úfrdaë l%shd /ilau lrñka tu úydria:dkhg lsisu úfrdaë p¾hd fjhs' fïjdhska j<lsk mqoa.,hd iudcfha wksl=;a
.=Kj;a is,aj;a ysñ kulg hkakg neß ;;a;ajhla mqrjeishkg ìh iel ke;sj cSj;a ùug fhda.H mßirh ilid
Wod l< y' fohs' ish¿ iodpdr p¾hdjka f.a miqìfuys we;af;a fu;a;d yd
lreKd iy.; yeÕSïh' fuu fÉ;kdjka f.ka f;drj flfrk
fï ÿisß;a weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ießhq;a uq.,ka yeisÍï iudc úfrdaë nj lsj yel' fu;a;d yd lreKd we;a;l=g
mxp ÿIapß;fhys fhosh fkd yel' rd." oafõI yd fuday jeks
uy ry;a foku le`ojd —Tn fom, lSgd.sßhg f.dia mdmS fÉ;kd we;a;kg iudc fødayS yeisÍï j, fhosh yelhs'
fï l=,¥IKdosh lrk uyKqkag wjjdo lrkak'
hfula wjjdo m%;sfCIam lr;a kï Tjqka fkrmd hul= f.a pß;h f.dv kefÕkafka ;uka f.a u p¾hdj ksid
yßkak' ms<s.kak whg kej; kej; wjjdo lr k`.d h' flfkl=g ;j;a flfkl=ka f.a pß;h hym;a l< fkdyel'
isgqjkak'˜ hs Wmfoia ÿka y' yqfola wjjdo wkqYdikd u.ska Wojq l< yels jqj o ;u iqisß;
;ud úiska u j¾Okh l< hq;af;a h'

w.%Y%djl foku o nqoaOdjjdoh mßos lSgd.sßhg f.dia —mdmh w;yer oeñh yelhs' tfia fkdyels kï mõ fkd
tu NsCIQka le|jd Wmfoia ÿka y' we;eï NsCIQyq ta lrkakehs uu Wmfoia fkd foñ' l=i,h j¾Okh l< yelsh' tfia
wjjdo ms<sf.k iodpdr iïmkak jQy' iuyre kej; fkdyels kï l=i,h j¾Okh lrkakehs uu Wmfoia fkd foñ'˜
.sysf.g u .sh y' ;j;a iuyreka n,y;aldrfhka hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< y' hul=g ienúka u yels jkafka
fun`ÿ wjjdo lsÍu muKs'
hjkakg isÿ úh'

fï wern Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wjjdo m%sh fkdjkafka

w{dkhkag muKlehs jodrd fï .d:dj o foaYkd l<
fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^77 .d:dj&

TjfohH wkqidfihH"wiíNd p ksjdrfh" fid i;x

ys msfhd fyd;s" wi;x wmamsfhd fyd;s

TjfohH( wjjdo lrkafka kï¦ wkqidfihH(

wkqYdikd lrkafka kï¦ wiíNd p ksjdrfh( iudc
úfrdaë lghq;= j,ska j,lkafka kï¦ fid( tn`ÿ
;eke;a;d¦ i;x ys( i;amqreIhkg¦ msfhd fyd;s(
m%sh jkafka h¦ wi;x( wi;a mqreIhkg¦ wmamsfhd
fyd;s( wm%sh jkafka h'

wjjdo lrk" wkqYdikd lrk" wiNH mej;=ï j,ska

j<lk ;eke;a;d i;amqreIhdg m%shfjhs' wi;a
mqreIhkag Tyq m%sh fkdjkafka h'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 9

 múgq ñ;=rka yd ieyeis mqßia fkd fiúh hq;=h' l<K ñ;=rka yd W;=ï mqßia fiúh hq;=h

78' k Nfc mdmfl ñ;af; múgq ñ;=rka weiqre fkdlrkq

k Nfc mqßidOfu my;a ñksiqka ÿßka ÿr,kq
Nfc: ñ;af; l,HdfK l<K ñ;=rka W;=ï ñksiqka
Nfc: mqßiq;a;fu ^6(3& muKlah Tn weiqre l,hq;=

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lrkq weiqre - l,K ñ;=re
6 ^3& Pkak ysñhka f.a jia;=j ^78 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia ieje;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufha

jev jdih lrk fiala Pkak ysñhka wrnhd
fï .d:dj jod< fial'
mdmfla ñ;af;( krl ñ;=rka¦ k Nfc( weiqre fkd
lrkak¦ mqßidOfu( wOu mqreIhka¦ k Nfc( wdY%h
fkd lrkak¦ l,HdK ñ;af;( hym;a ñ;%hka¦
Nfc:( wdY%h lrkak¦ mqßiq;a;fu( W;=ï mqreIhka¦
uydNsksIal%uKh lrk wjia:dfõoS isÿy;a l=ureka Nfc:( wdY%h lrkak'
ud,s.fhka msg;aj wiqmsáka .sh .ufkaoS isÿy;a
l=ureka yd tlaj .sfha Pkak wud;Hhd h' miqj mdm ñ;%hka weiqre fkd lrkak' my;a ñksiqka
isÿy;a l=ureka nqÿ nj ,;a nj weiQ Pkak nqÿrÿka weiqfrka j,lskak' l<K ñ;=rka u weiqre lrkak'
fidhd wjq;a meúoao ,oafoa h' W;=ï wh u wdY%h lrkak'

meúoao ,;a miq nqÿ rÿka f.a wNsksIal%uKhg Wojq újrKh

lsÍfï Nd.Hh ysñ ùu fya;=fjka Pkak ysñfhda
udkfhka msïî isáh y' —wNsksIal%uK lrk fj,dfõ ñ;a;( fn!oaO idys;Hfhys ñ;%;ajh ms<sn|j .eUqre yd is;a.
kakd iq¨ újrK olajd ;sfí' iuia; fn!oaO prKh u l<HdK
uuhs ;kshg ysáfha' uu wefrkak ljqrej;a ysáfha kE ñ;%;ajh u; r|d we;e hs o tla ;ekl i|ykaj we;'
tod' ta jqKdg ±kakï ießhq;a yduqÿrefjdhs uq.,ka
yduqÿrefjdhs fokakd zwms ;uhs w.% Y%djlZ lshd f.k wÜGl:djka ys ñ;%hka j¾. y;la olajd ;sfí' tkï(-
yeu ;eku hkjd˜ hs Pkak ysñfhda ks;ru fodia
mfrdia lS y' 1' mdK iLd( wjkayf,a oS iqrd mdkh i|yd ñ;=rejkafkda"
2' iïñh iïñfhd( yuq jQ úg muKla ñ;%;ajh olajkafkda"
3' wfF:iq cdf;iq( hïlsis ldßhla lr .ekSu i|yd ñ;=re oï
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Pkak ysñ le|jd wjjdo l< y' olajkafkda"
ta wjia:dfõ ksy~j wjjdo wid isá kuq;a w. ijqjka 4' Wmldrl( wjYH wjia:djg bosßm;aj Wojq lrk ñ;%fhda"
úfõpkh lsÍu w; fkdyßk ,oS' ta ksid Pkak ysñ 5' iudk iqL ÿlaL( iefmaoS fuka u ÿflaoS o tlg isák ñ;%fhda"
kej; f.kajd wjjdo lrkakg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag 6' w;a:laLdhs( jroska j<ld hy u`. fhdojñka oshqKqjg
w;fok ñ;%fhda"
isÿ úh' ;=ka jrla u wjjdo l< o fjkila fkdjQ 7' wkqlïml( wmg úm;la jk úg ÿla jk wfma iemfha oS
fyhska Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wjika jrg o fufia i;=gq jk iqyo ñ;=frda' fudjQyq hï hï wh wfma w.=K
jod< y' —Pkak" fï W;a;uhka jykafia,d foku mjik úg th j,ld .=K lshk úg m%Yxid lr;s'
Tng ys;j;ah' ta wh weiqre lrkak' Wkajykafia,d;a
iu. iu.sfhka i;=áka jikak'˜ fyd| ñ;=rka y÷kajkafka l,HdK ñ;% kñks' krl ñ;=frda
mdmñ;a; jYfhka ye|skafj;s'

os.ska os.g u fufia nqÿrÿka úiska Wmfoia fok ,o isÕdf,dajdo iQ;%fhys ñ;%hka j._ 8 la oelafjhs' thska y;r j._
kuq;a Pkak ysñfhda w;a;fkdau;slj l%shd lrñka hla fyd| ñ;=frda h' y;r j¾.hla krl ñ;=frda h'
wksl=;a ysñjrekag ks.re lrñka yeiqreK y'
;uka Ôj;=ka w;r jik ;dla Pkak fjkia fkdjk fydo ñ;=frda kï¦
nj mejiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia" ;uka jykafia f.a ^1& Wmldrl ñ;a;( wjYH wjia:dfõoS bosßm;aj Wmldr
mßks¾jdKfhka miq Wkajykafia fjkia fj;ehs lrkakd
mejiQ y' mßks¾jdK wjia:dfõoS wk| ysñhka weu;+ ^2& iudk iqL ÿlaL ñ;a;( ÿfla oS yd iefmaoS tlfia isák
nqÿrcdKka jykafia Pkak ysñhkg n%yauoKavh ñ;%hd'
mKjk fia Wmfoia ÿka y' n%yauoKavh kï" jrolre ^3& w;a:laLdhS ñ;a;( ys; jev i,ik" úmf;a oS iqrlsk ñ;%hd'
^4& wkqlïml ñ;;( oshqKqfõoS i;=gq jk" miik" iqyo" ñ;=re"
iyuq,ska u fkd ;ld yeÍuhs' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka hk isjq fokd h'
miq ;ukag n%yauoKavh mKjd we;s nj weiQ Pkak
ysñfhda n,j;a ixfõ.hg m;aj ;=ka jrla u isys krl mdm ñ;%fhda kï¦
ke;sj jegqK y' ;u jro ms<sf.k Ndjkd lr ry;a
M,h ,nd .;a Wkajykafia ix>hd lud lrjd f.k ^1& w[a[oF:qyr( hula ,nd .ekSu i|yd u ñ;=re jk
;eke;a;d'
o~qju bj;a lr .;a y' ^2& jÖmru( jpkfhka muKla Wojq lrk ;eke;a;d'
^3& wkqmamshNdKs( fyd| foa fukau krl foa;a wkqu; lrk
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^78 .d:dj& ;eke;a;d'
^4& wmdh iydh( u;ameka jeks ÿisß;a flf¾ fhduq lrk ñ;%hd
mdmfl ñ;af; k Nfc mqßidOfu k Nfc l<HdfK hk isjq fokd h'
ñ;af; Nfc: mqßiq;a;fu Nfc:'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 11

 oyï ri fndk ;eke;a;d iqjfia fjfia' ta kqjKe;a;d wßhhka úiska okakd ,o oyïys fudkjg wef,a'

79' OïumS;s iqLx fi;s oï ri ú| fjfi;s

úmamikafkk fp;id iqjfia is;a myka lr
wßhmamfjosf; Oïfu W;=uka foiQ oyfuys
iod ru;s mKaäf;d ^6(4& ieuod wef,;s m`äjre

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fjfiuq iqjfhka - oyu weiqfrka
6 ^4& uyd lmamsk ysñhka f.a l;d mqj; ^79 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

uyd lmamsk uy ry;ka jykafia wern fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
,eìK' ta weiQ NsCIQyq ta nj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
ie< l< y' —u mq;a lmamsk O¾udiajdoh ú| .ksñka
is; myka jQ fyhska iqjm;aj tu iqjh .ek Woka
wkhs˜ hs jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
uyd lmamsk l=lal=gj;sfhys rc;=ud h' t;=ud jod< y'
f.a foaúh jQfha wfkdacd h' rg md,kfhys ,d
Wmldr msKsi t;=udg weu;sjre oyila jQ y' oskla újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^79 .d:dj&
weu;sjreka msßjrd Whkg .sh rc;=udg ieje;a kqjr
isg meñKs fj<`ÿka msßila yuq úh' Tjqka fj;ska Oïu mS;s úmamikafkk fp;id iqLx fi;s mKaäf;d
;%súO r;akh .ek oek.;a rcf;u weu;sjreka o wßhmamfjosf; Oïfu iod ru;s'
legqj jyd u ieje;akqjr n,d msg;a úh'
Oïu mS;s( oyï ri ú|sk ;eke;a;d¦ úmamikafkk
tosk uyd lreKdfjka f,dj n,d jodrk Nd.Hj;=ka fp;id( myka is;ska¦ iqLx fi;s( iqjm;aj jihs¦
jykafiag uyd lmamsk rc;=ud iy msßi osia úKs' mKaäf;d( kqjKe;a;d¦ wßhmamfjosf;( wd¾hhka
Tjqkg ry;a ùug yelshdj we;s nj o Wkajykafiag jykafia,d úiska jodrk ,o¦ Oïfu( O¾ufhys¦ iod(
jegysKs' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tjqka yuq ùu msKsi yeul,¦ ru;s( wef,hs'
ieje;a kqjßka fhdÿka tlish úiaila ÿr ;eklg
jevu l< y' tys pkaoNd. koS bjqf¾ kq. ;=re O¾ufhys ri ú|sk ;eke;a;d m%ikak is;ska iqjfia
fijkl Wkajykafia jev yqka y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jdih lrhs' kqjKe;a;d nqoaOdoS wd¾hhka jykafia,d
jev yqka ;ekg uyd lmamsk rc iy weu;sjre úiska jodrk ,o O¾ufhys yeu l, is;a w,jhs'
iïm%dma; jQy' ijkla nqÿ/iska nn,ñka jevisá
nqÿrÿka ÿgq TjQyq Wkajykafia fj; t<eUqK y' újrKh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tjqkg O¾uh foaYkd l< y'
ta wid TjQyq yeufok fidajka M,hg m;aj meúoao Oïu mS;s iqLx fi;s( hkafkka O¾uh bf.k ms<smosñka tu.ska
wdiajdohla ,nd .kakd ;eke;a;d iqjfia jik nj h' fuys mS;s
wheo isáh y' nqÿrcdKka jykafia Tjqka yeu fok hkafkka zmdkh lrkZ hk woyi ,efí' O¾uh mdkh lsÍu
taysNslaLqmínÊcdfjka meúos l<y' hkafkka th cSú;hg tlalr .ekSu woyi fjhs'

rc;=ud ieje;a kqjrg .sh mqj; weiQ wfkdacd foaúh wßh( kï flf<iqka ÿre lr Wiia njg m;a W;a;ufhda h' cd;s
weu;sjreka f.a ìßkaoka oyi o f.kajd f.k rc;=ud jdpl zwd¾hZ hkak fuhska fkd .efKhs' nqÿ iufhys oS wd¾h
jkafka Wodr jQ pß; Yla;sh;a" .=K j.dj;a we;s nqÿka" ry;=ka
.sh u`.ska u ieje;a kqjr n,d msg;a jQjd h' TjQyq jeks W;a;ufhda h'
o nqÿrÿka jev isá ;ekg meñK ijKla nqÿ /ia
úysÿjñka jev isá nqÿka oel meyeoS kuialdr l< y'
tu wjia:dfõoS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foaúh yd msßig
rc;=ud yd msßi fkdfmfkk mßos wêIaGdk l< y'

rc;=ud yd msßi fldysoehs úuiQ foaúhg ;j fkdfnda

fõ,djlska Tjqka Tng oel.; yels hehs jod<
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tjqkag O¾u foaYkd l< y'
foaúh yd msßi oyï wid fidajdka jQ w;r tu foiqug
ijka oS isá rc;=ud we;=¿ msßi ry;a M,h ,enQy'
wk;=rej ta jk úg meúoao ,nd isá rc;=ud iy
weu;s msßi foaùkg olakg ,eìKs' tu NsCIQ msßi ;u
ieñhka nj y÷kd.;a TjQyq ;uka o meúos lrk fia
nqÿrÿkaf.ka b,a,d isáh y' nqÿrÿka f.a Wmfoia mßos
ieje;a kqjrg .sh TjQyq meúoao ,nd fkdfnda osklska
u ry;a M,h ,enQ y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o oyila
NsCIQka msßjrd foõrï fjfyrg jevu l< y'

foõrï fjfyr jev jik uyd lmamsk ysñhka osjd

? úfõlfhka miqjk wjia:djka ys —fudk ;rï
iqjodhl o@˜ ^wfyda iqLx& hs ks;r mjikq wikakg
yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 13
 osh f.khkafkda osh o" yS jvqfjda yS o" ,S jvqfjda ,S o ilia lr;s' tfia mKaä;fhda is; oukh lr;a'

80' Wolx ys khka;s fk;a;sld osh yrjoaoS f.dúhka

Wiqldrd kuhka;s f;ackx yS kjoaos lïlrejka
Þrex kuhka;s ;ÉPld weo yßoaos jvqjka ,S
w;a;dkx ouhka;s mKaä;d ^6(5& keKe;s ofkda ku;s ;uka

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ;uka is; oukh lr;s m`äjre
6 ^5& mKaä; idufKarhka f.a jia;=j ^80 .d:dj&

m Kaä; idufKarhka wrnhd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

fï .d:dj jodf<a ieje;a kqjr foõrï fjfyr
jev jik iufhys h'
fkdjkq msKsi uu o ießhq;a f;rKqjka kj;d
isáfhñ' mßirfhka ,;a mdvï wkqj idufKarfhda
oeka uy ry;ka jykafia kula njg m;aj isá;s˜ hs
jod< y'
ieje;a kqjr Okj;l= f.a mq;%hd jQ mKaä; jhi
wjqreÿ yf;aoS meúos ìug m;a úh' oskla ießhq;a újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^80 .d:dj&
ysñhka o iu. ms`vqis`.d hk w;r;=r f.dúhka ;u
fl;a j,g c,h yrjk wdldrh Wkajykafia f.a fk; fk;a;sld ys Wolx khka;s Wiqldrd f;ackx
.eáKs' —is;a ms;a ke;s c,h wm leu;s ´kEu ;eklg kuhka;s ;ÉPld odrex kuhka;s mKaä;d w;a;dkx
yrjd f.k h; yels o@˜ hs mKaä; idufKarfhda ouhka;s'
ießhq;a uy f;rekaf.ka úuiQ y' —Tõ' wm leu;s
´kEu ;eklg c,h f.k h; yelshs˜ ießhq;a uy fk;a;sld( oshd¿fjda ^osh f.k hkafkda&¦ ys(
f;rKqfjda ms<s;=re ÿka y' ;j;a u| ÿrla .sh miq taldka;fhka¦ Wolx( c,h¦ khka;s( f.kh;s¦
mKaä; idufKarhka f.a fk; .egqfKa yS jvqjka WK Wiqldrd( yS jvqfjda¦ f;ackx( B;,¦ kuhka;s(
,S weo wer uqjy;a lr B;, yok wdldrhhs' ;j;a yev .kaj;s¦ ;ÉPld( jvqld¾ñlfhda¦ odrex( ,S¦
álla ÿr .sh úg jvq ld¾ñlhka ,S o~q ;ud leu;s kuhka;s( yev .kaj;s¦ mKaä;d( kqjKe;af;da¦
mßos lmñka weo yßñka yev jev fhdoñka lr;a; w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ ouhka;s( oukh lr;s'
frdao jeks foa ks¾udKh lrk whqre olakg ,eìK'
oshd¿fjda fyj;a c,h yrjd .kakd f.dúfhda ;ud
fï ish,a, ÿgq idufKar ku fufia is;Sh' —c,h wm ßis mßos c,h yrjd f.k h;s' B;, yokafkda
leu;s leu;s ;eklg f.k hd yels kï" weo we;s B;,h ;uka leu;s mßos weo yer ilia lr .ks;s'
WK ,S weo wer W,a lr B;, ;kd .; yels kï" is;a jvq ld¾ñlfhda ,S o~q lmd kjd yev lr NdKav
ms;a ke;s ,S o~q lmd leu;s yevfha WmlrK ;kd ks¾udKh lr;s' kqjKe;af;da ;ud oukh lr;s'
.; yels kï" is;a we;s ug ud ßis mßos is; oukh
lr flf<iqka f.ka uqod ixjr lr .kakg neß wehs@˜ újrKh
tfia is;d .=re ysñmdKka f.ka wjir f.k ms~qis`.d
hdu kj;d yeÍ wjq;a ;u ´jrlhg msúiqKq mKaä; fk;a;sld( Wiqldrd( ;ÉPld( kñka olajd we;af;a fCIa;% ;=kl
oCIfhda h' ;u ;udg wod< ld¾hhkays Tjqyq úfYaI{fhda h' fï
idufKarfhda W;aidyfhka yd Woafhda.fhka Ndjkd
f;j¾.fha u Ys,amSyq is;a ms;a ke;s foa ;ud ßis mßos kud yev
lrkakg mgka .;ay' ta ÿgq foújreka mjd m%idohg fldg Ndú; lr;s' c,h" WK ,S yd oej o~q Tjqka ßis mßos Ndú;
m;aj wdrduh yd mßirh ksy~j ;nd Woõ l< nj lr;s' kqjKe;af;da fu mßosu ;ud ßis mßos ;u is; oukh lr;s'
lshfjhs' oj,a oka fõ,dj t<fUk úg idufKarhka is; oukh lsÍu fmr oelajQ l%shd ;=kg u jvd wmyiq h'
jykafia wkd.dó M,h ,nd ;sìKs'

fï jk úg ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia

idufKarku;a iu. msKavmd;h /f.k wdmiq
jevu lrñka isáhy' idufKarku wkd.dó M,h
,nd we;s nj;a os.gu Ndjkdfjys ksr; jqjfyd;a
fkdfnda fõ,djlska ry;a M,h ,nk nj;a osjeiska ÿgq
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ießhq;a ysñhka" idufKar ysñhka
úiQ ´jrlhg msúiSu j,ld ,kakg bgd .;a y' Wka
jykafia ießhq;a ysñhka jäkd u`.g f.dia m%Yak
lSmhla wid idlÉPdfõ ksr; jQy' tu idlÉPdj
isÿjk w;r;=r mKaä; idufKarfhda ry;a M,h
,o y' fï jk úg Wkajykafia meúosù f.ù ;snqfKa
osk y;la muKs' wgjk osk jk úg Wkajykafia ry;a
kula njg m;a jQy'

fï lreK iïnkaOfhka NsCIQka jykafia,d weu;+

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —hul= wjxlj Wkkaÿfjka
Ndjkd lrk úg Yl%doS foújre mjd wdrCIdj
i,i;s' mKaä; idufKarhka f.a Ndjkdjg ndOdjla
yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 15
 .,a mõj hï fia iq<.ska fkd ief,a o" tfia u kqjKe;af;da ks.d" meiiqïys fkd ief,;s'

81' fif,d h:d tal>fkd uy .,a m¾j;hla fuka

jdf;k k iór;s fkd ief,k iev jd myßka
tjx kskaod mixidiq fkd ief,;a m`äjre ,enqfuka
k iñ[acka;s mKaä;d ^6(6& ls;a meiiqï fyda wjuka

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 kqjKe;af;da fkd ief,kafkda
6 ^6& ,l=Kagl Noaosh f;rekaf.a jia;=j ^81 .d:dj&

fÊ
fial'
;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys nqÿrcdKka
jykafia Noaosh f;reka wern fï .d:dj jod<
idudkH mD:.ackfhda fïjd yuqfõ ief,;s' tfy;a kqjKe;a;ka
fïjd ksid lïmkhg m;a fkd jkafka f,dal O¾uhkays fjkia
jk wks;H iajNdjh Tjqka okakd fyhsks' Tjqka iev iq<Õg fkd
ief,k .,a m¾j;hlg Wmud lr we;af;a tfyhsks'

fÊ;jkdrdufhys jdih l< Noaosh f;reka jykafia keKj;=ka wIagf,dal O¾uhg uqyqK fok wdldrh úia;r lrk
ñá jQ fyhska wjfYaI NsCIQyq Wkajykafiag ,l=Kagl ;j;a .d:djla fufia h'
Noaosh hehs kï l< y' Wkajykafia b;d ksy;udkS
tf;j [;ajd i;sud iqfufOd
iqyo mej;=ï we;s flkla jQ y' ish,af,da u wfjlaL;S úmßKdu Oïud
Wkajykafia iu. úys¿ l<y' i;=gq idóÑ l;d l< bÜGiai Oïud k uf:ka;s Ñ;a;x
y' iuyre ysi kslg w; .Ey' kdifhka we,aÆ y' wksÜGf;d k má>d;fu;s'
iuyre —fldfydu o udfï" mkaif,a Ôúf;a fldfydu
o@ tmdfjkafka ke;a o@˜ hs úui;s' tfy;a Noaosh —kqjKe;a;d fï foa isys kqjKska úuid n,hs' tajd fjkia jk iq¿
ysñfhda lsis úfgl wukdm fkd fj;s' wjuka jokla nj ksÍCIKh lr f;areï .kshs' m%sh ukdm foa isÿ jQ muKska
is; l=,au;a lr fkd .kshs' wleue;s foa isÿ jQ úg fldamhg fyda
fkd f;m,;s' há is;ska j;a fldam fkdfj;s' miq;eú,a,g m;a fkd fjhs'˜ fufia wks;H iajNdjh f;areï
.ekSu Tyq f.a WfmaCId mrjY wdl,amhg mokï fjhs'
,l=Kagl Noaosh f;reka f.a fï bjis,su;a iajNdjh
.ek NsCIQyq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï ÿkay' ta weiQ ,l=Kagl Noaosh( ,l=Kagl Noaosh f;reKqjka .ek ;j;a
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —ry;a kula lsis úfgl fldam f;dr;=re wmg ,efí' Wka jykafia isreßka ñá jqj o ñysß
lgy~lg yssñlï lS y' ñysß lgy~ we;a;ka w;r Wkajykafia
fkd .kshs" kmqre jpkhla fkd lshhs' kmqrla fkd w.% jQ y' ish¿ odk w;r O¾u odkh Wiia h' Wka jykafia f.a
is;hs' Wkajykafia iq<Õska fkd ief,k m¾j;hla O¾ufoaYkd ysud, jkfhys jik l=rùl mCISka f.a kdoh fuka
fyda .,a l=<la n÷ h' ry;ka jykafia kskaodfjka fyda uOqr jQ nj lsh;s' Wkajykafia ñáj Wmkafka mqrdlD; wl=i,hla
m%Yxidfjka lïmd fkdfj;s˜ hs jod< y' ksid nj lshefõ'

isreßka t;rï m%shxlr fkd jqj o m%shxlr lgy~ fya;=fjka

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^81 .d:dj&
Wkajykafia ckm%sh jQ y' tfuka u Wodr pß; Yla;sh yd Wiia
.;s .=K ksid o ;:d.;hka jykafia f.a meiiqug ,la jQ y'
h:d tl>fkd fif,d jdf;k k iór;s' tjx
mKaä;d kskaod mixidiq k iñ[acka;s' .S;hla n`ÿ ùh lg y~
n|sk oyug wikakka yo
n,kakg m%sh ke;;a isreßka
h:d( hïfia¦ tl>fkd( >K¦ fif,d( .,a m¾j;hla¦ mskd hhs is; ieoeye we;a;ka'
jdf;k( iev iq<`.ska¦ k iór;s( fkd ief,a o¦ tjx(
ta wdldrfhka u¦ mKaä;d( kqjKe;af;da¦ kskaod
mixidiq( kskaodfjka fyda m%Yxidfjka¦
k iñ[acka;s( fkd ief,;s'

iev iq<`.ska fkd ief,k uy .,a mjqjla fuka

kqjKe;a;d o kskaodfjka fyda m%Yxidfjka lïmkhg
m;a fkd fjhs'
újrKh

kskaod mixidiq( idudkH ñksiaiq cSú;fha ,nk ñysß yd wñysß

w;a oelSï ksid udkisl iu;=,s;;dj ke;s lr .ks;s' hula
jerÿKq úg TjQyq bÉPd Nx.hg yd wiykhg m;a fj;s' id¾:l
jQ úg m%S;sfhka bmsf,;s' tfy;a kqjKe;af;da ish,a, tlfia ms<s.
ks;s' idudkHfhka f,dajeishkg uqyqK mdkakg jk w;a oelSï wIag
f,dal O¾u jYfhka ye|skafõ'

,dfNd w,dfNd" whfid hfid p"

kskaod mixid p" iqLx p ÿlaLx
tf; wksÉpd ukqfciq Oïud
wiiai;S úmßKdu Oïud

hkqfjka olajd we;s mßos" ,dN" w,dN" whi" hi" kskaod" m%Yxid"
iem yd ÿl hk fïjd wmg ú|.kakg isÿ fjhs'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 17

 hï fia .eUqre jQ ihqr fjfiiska myka fõ o" tfia ue m~Qfjda oyï wid fudkjg myka fj;a

82' h:dZms ryfod .ïNSfrd ú,la fia iqmika

úmamikafkd wkdúf,d meyeos,s .eUqre osh we;s
tajx Oïudks iq;ajdk weiSfuka ioyï
úmamiSoka;s mKaä;d' ^6(7& myos;s ok kqjK we;s'

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wef;d;a kqjK - fjfi;a ;=ák
6 ^7& ldkud;djka f.a l;dj ^82 .d:dj&

fo õrï jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ldkud;dj

wern fï .d:dj jod< fial'
hkqfjks' —uu weh f.a fï Njh id¾:l lrñ'˜ hs
mejiQ rcf;u foda,djla iu. rdcmqreIhka hjd
weh f.kajd .;af;a h' weh meñKs miq weu;shka
ldkud;dj nqÿrÿka flf¾ myka ne;su;a Wmdisldjla weu;+ fya —uf.a oshKsh ldkdg iem iïm;a fokakg
jQjd h' weh f.a oshKsh ldk fjk;a .ul ;eke;a;l= yels wfhl=g tfia lrkakg wjir foñ˜ hs mejiS h'
iu. újdy j isáhd h' ldkd ish uj f.a ksjig tla wud;Hjrfhla —uu weh uf.a oshKsh fia yod
meñK isá Èkl ieñhd wehg wdmiq tk fia .ksñ˜ hs mjid ;ud i;= ish¨ foam< wehg mjrd
mKsjqvhla tù h' ieñhdg f.k hkq msKsi ri leú,s —oshKshks" Tng leu;s mßos oka mska lr.kak˜ hs
álla ilia lr fokq msKsi ;j tla oskla mud jk fia lSfha h' ldkdj o oskm;d kqjr fodrgq y;frys oka
wehg mejiQ uj" ri leú,s ms<sfh< l<d h' tfy;a msßkukakg mgka .;a;d h' NsCIQka weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka
miq osk Wfoa ms~q is`.d jeä ysñjreka isjq kulg ´ ta jykafia — uyfKks" le<ö ¥Is;j mej;s ldkd f.a
ri leú,s j,ska álla msßkeuqjd h' is; uf.a jokska myka jQfha hZZ hs jod< y'

ta ms<s.;a ysñjre ldkdjf.a ksjfia ri leú,s we;s újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^82 .d:dj&
nj ;j;a ysñjrekg mejiQfhka TjQyq o tys ms~qis`.d
jeäh y' ldkud;dj o ;ud ne;su;a fyhska ta yeug h:d .ïNSfrd ryfod úmamikafkd wkdúf,d tjx
u ri leú,s ms<s.ekajQjd h' wka;sfï oS ldkd g mKaä;d wms Oïudks iq;ajdk úmamiSoka;s'
f.khkakg lsisjla b;sß fkd jQfhka tod .uk hd
fkd yels úh' B<. oskfha isÿ jQfha o th u h' h:d( hï fia" .ïNSfrd( .eUqre" ryfod( ú,la"
;=kajk oskfha ieñhd wka;su ksfõokh;a tjd ;sìKs' úmamikafkd( fnfyúka m%ikakj" wkdúf,d(
ldk fkd meñKsh fyd;a fjk;a ìß|la f.k tk nj le<öfuka f;drj ^mj;S o&" tjx( tfia" mKaä;d
Tyq okajd ;sìK' tfy;a tosk o NsCIQka ms~qis`.d jeä wms( kqjKe;af;da o" Oïudks( oyï" iq;ajdk( wid"
fyhska ri leú,s ish,a, ksu úh' ldkg ieñhd fj; úmamiSoka;s( m%ikak fj;s'
hdug fkd yels úh'
.eUqre osh ú,la mykaj" fkd le,ö mj;akd
wka;sfï ldk f.a ieñhd fjk;a ia;%shl ìß| lr mßoafoka O¾uh weiSu fya;=fjka kqjKe;a;ka f.a
.;af;a h' fuhska l,lsÍug m;a ldk NsCIQka flf¾ is; o le,öfuka f;drj m%ikak njg m;a fjhs'
wm%idohla we;s lr .;a;S h' weh NsCIQkag neK
joskakg mgka .;af;ka TjQyq ldkud;dj f.a ksjig újrKh
ms~qis`.d tau keje;ajQ y' nqÿrcdKka jykafiag o fï
mqj; ie, jQfhka Wka jykafia ldkud;dj f.a ksjig .eUqre osh ú,l c,h m%ikakj" uv fkdù mj;sk wdldrh O¾uh
wid ixiqka lr.;a is;g Wmud lr we;' O¾uh fkd msúiqKq
jevu l< y' ´ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag iy,a le| idudkHh is; ks;r u le<ö" wdl+,j" úhjq,aj mj;S' is;g
ms<s.ekajQjd h' iykh f.k tkafka O¾uh hs'

j<|d wjik Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ldk wu;d —uf.a

Y%djl NsCIQka ms<s.;af;a ta whg mQcd l< foa o@
ke;fyd;a kqÿka foa;a .;a;d o@˜ hs m%Yak l< y'
—Wkajykafia,d ms<s.;af;a ÿka foa muKs˜hs mejiQ
´ —jro Wkajykafia,d f.a fkdfõ' uuhs jro lf<a˜
hs mejiqjd h' fufia ish jro ms<s.;a ´ nqÿka je|
iud lrjd .;a;d h' wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
O¾udkqYdikdjla lf<ka" ta wid isá ldk fidajdka
M,h ,enqjd h'

wdrduhg wdmiq meñfKk w;r;=r nqÿrÿkag mfiakoS

fldfid,a rc;=ud yuq úh' ldk NsCIQka jykafia,dg
neK josk wdldrh .ek wid ;snqKq rc;=ud nqÿrÿka
wehg oï foiQ nj wid úiauhg m;a úh' wehg
i;Hh wjfndaO lrjkakg nqÿrÿka iu;a ù oehs
úuiQ rcqg nqÿrÿka jodf<a —tfia h' uu wehg O¾uh
meyeos,s lf<ñ' weh f.a u;= Njh id¾:l lf<ñ ˜
yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 19
 W;=ï mqßiayq lsis fofhl fkd we,S iqjÿla folays Wia my;a .;s fkd olaj;s

83' iín;a: fj imamqßid pcka;s kqjKe;af;da ÿre lr,;s iem iïm;a

k lduldud ,mhka;s ikaf;d lïiem m;ñka fkd fodv;ss jokla
iqfLk MqÜGd w: jd ÿfLk jdfrka jdfrg ÿl iem ,enqK;a
k WÉpdjpx mKaä;d oiaihka;s ^6(8& ke; msïîula - uql=,s; ùula

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 kqjK jv;a - ixiqka fj;a
6 ^8& mkaishhla ysñjreka f.a l;djla ^83 .d:dj&

m kaishhla NsCIQka jykafia wrnhd jod< fï .d:dj

foõru jev ji;a oS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska
foaYkd lrk ,oaols'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^83 .d:dj&

imamqßid fj iín;a: pcka;s ikaf;d lduldud

k ,mhka;s iqfLk w:jd ÿfLk mqÜGd mKaä;d
fõr[acd kï n%dyauKhd f.a wdrdOkh mßos WÉpdjpx k oiaihka;s'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jrla NsCIQka jykafia,d o iu.
fõr[acd kï .fuys jia úiQ y' ;uka nqÿrÿkag imamqßid( i;amqreIfhda¦ fj( taldka;fhka¦ iín;a:(
Wmia:dk lruehs fmdfrdkaÿ ù jia jikakg wdrdOkh iEu wxYfhka u¦ pcka;s ( wNsksIal%uKh lr;s"
l< nj n%dyauKhdg wu;l úh' t iufhys fõr[acd ikaf;d( ^Ydka;& hym;a wh¦ lduldud( ldu jia;=
m%foaYfha wdydr ys`.hla jQ fyhska ms~q is`.d hdfuka wfmaCIdfjka¦ k ,mhka;s( l:d fkd lr;s¦ iqfLk(
mjd t;rï m%fhdackhla fkd ù h' iemfhka¦ w: jd( ke;fyd;a¦ ÿfLk( ÿflka¦ mqÜGd(
meyeÿKq¦ mKaä;x( kqjKe;af;da¦ WÉpdjpx( by,
fï wudre ;;ajh hgf;a jqjo NsCIQyq ÿ¾uqL fkd jQ my, hdula¦ k oiaihka;s( fkd olaj;s'
y' wYajhka fj<\fï .sh fj<`ÿka úiska mqok ,o
lv, iaj,amhlska hefmkakg Wkajykafia,d iu;a jQ i;amqreIfhda ish,a, w;yer ffkIal%uHh m%.=K
y' jia ld,h wjidk fõr[acd nuqKdgo oekqï oS lr;s' ,dN f,daN m;d l;d fkd lr;s' iem ,o úg
nqoaO m%uqL NsCIQ msßi h<s fÊ;jkdrduhg u iïm%dma; m%S;sfhka u;a j hdula fyda ÿla ,o úg ÿlska yels,Sula
jQy' fkd olaj;s'
újrKh
fÊ;jkdrdufhaoS odhlfhda NsCIQka jykafia,dg m%KS;
odk jia;=fjka Wmia:dk l< y' tosk oka msßkeófuka iqfLk ÿfLk( kqjKe;s Wiia mqoa.,fhda iem yd ÿl ksid
udkisl;ajfha fjkila - WÉpdjp;djla fkd olaj;s' idudkHfhka
miq b;sß jQ wdydr" úydria:dkfha iq¿ jev lrñka ukqIHhkag ,efnk w;aoelSï w;r iem yd ÿl b;d m%n, fjhs'
jik whg fok ,oS' TjQyq ta wkqNjfhka miq mS%;shg iemh kï fndfyda úg wdYdjla uia;lm%dma; ùuls' tfia jQ úg
m;aj .S .hñka kgñka l,n, l< y' udi ;=kla u is; m%S;sfhka b,afmhs' tfy;a ta blauKskau ;j;a wdYdjla cks;
kSri hj wkqNj lsÍfuka miqj jqj o NsCIQyq wuq;a;la fjhs' tfyhska wms ks;r u fkd;s;a wdYdjkaf.ka hq;=j Ôj;a
ke;sj WfmaCIdfjka isáh y' fï iïnkaOfhka iji fjuq' flfia jqj o idudkH ñksidg ;u wdYdjla bgq ùu ;rï
m%S;sfhka ;j;a ke;' b÷rka mskd .sh úg TjQyq m%S;sfhka b,afm;s'
oïiNd uKavmfha oS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï tfy;a fï m%S;sh yqÿ udhdjla muKs' Okh" n,h" lS¾;sh fyda
fok ,oS' Wkajykafia ta ksñ;af;ka w{dkfhda ,dNfha úch.%yKh u.ska ,efnk m%S;sh os.=l,a mj;sk ire fohla
oS m%uqos;j w,dNfha oS uql=,s; ùu iajNdj fldg fkdfõ' kshu m%S;sh kï wdOHd;añl m%S;sh hs'
we;af;da fj;s' kqjKe;af;da tn`ÿ WÉpdjp;d ke;sj
ish,a, uOHia:j bji;s hs meyeos,s fldg fï .d:dj
jod< fial'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 21

 hi biqre fkdoeyeñka fkdleue;sjk ;eke;a;d is,ajf;la keKjf;la oeyeñfhla fõ'

84' k w;a;fy;= k mriai fy;= ;uka ksidj;a wkqka ksidj;a

k mq;a;ñÉfP k Okx k rÜGx mq;=ka" Okh fyda rgla fkd m;f;d;a
k bÉfPhH wOïfuk iñoaê u;a;fkd wO¾ufhka fmdfydi;a jkq fkdis;k
i iS,jd m[a[jd Oïñfld ishd ^6(9& is,aj;a" kqjKe;s oeyeñ flfkla fõ

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 kqjKe;s ok - we;s hy .=K
6 ^9& Oïñl ia:úrhka f.a jia;=j ^84 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jdih lrk l, Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia úiska Oïñl ia:úrhka jykafia
wrnhd fï .d:dj jodrk ,oS'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^84 .d:dj&

w;a; fy;= ^k& mriai fy;= ^k& mq;a;x ^k& Okx

^k& rÜGx k bÉfP wOïfïk iñoaêx" k bÉfPhH
Oïñl ish ìß|;a iu. ieje;a kqjr jdih lf<a h' fid iS,jd m[a[jd Oïñfld ishd
ìß| .eí f.k isá iuhl oskla fya ;uka meúosjkq
leu;s nj wehg mejiS h' orejd Wmosk ;=re ta w;a; fy;=( ;ud f.a hym; msKsij;a¦ mriai fy;=(
;SrKh mud lrkakehs ´ Oïñlf.ka b,a,d isáhd wkqkaf.a m%fhdackh msKsij;a¦ mq;a;x( mq;%hl=¦ Okx(
h' orejd Wmka miq Tyq meúos jkakg ieriqKq úg Okh¦ rÜGx( rgla¦ k bÉfP( m%d¾:kd fkd
orejdg weúoskakg yels jk;=re isákakehs weh mejiQ lrkafka h¦ wOïfïk( wO¾ufhka¦ iñoaêx(
fyhska fya fufia l,amkd lf<a h' —meúos ùu i|yd iuDoaêh¦ k bÉfPhH( wfmaCId fkd lrkafka
ìß|f.ka wjir ,efnk ;=re n,d isàfï m,la ke;' kï¦ fida( fyf;u¦ iS,jd( is,ajf;la¦ m[a[jd(
uf.a úuqla;sh uu i,id .ksñ'˜ fufia is;d fyf;u kqjKe;af;la¦ Oïñfld( Od¾ñlfhla¦
úydria:dkhg f.dia meúos úh' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ishd( jkafka h'
f.ka l¾uia:dkhla o ,nd.;a Oïñl ysñfhda
Woafhda.fhka Ndjkd jvd blauKska u ry;ka jykafia ;ud f.a m%fhdack msKsij;a wkqkaf.a m%fhdackh
kula njg m;a jQy' msKsij;a orejka" Okh fyda rdcHhla m%d¾:kd
fkd lrkafka h' ;ud f.a iuDoaêh wO¾ufhka
wjqreÿ .Kklg miq ;u ìß|g yd orejdg wfmaCId fkd lrkafka h' tfia jQ úg fya is,ajf;la"
O¾ufoaYkd lrkq msKsi fya ish ksji n,d .sfha h' kqjKe;af;la yd Od¾ñlfhla fjhs'
Wkajykafia f.a mq;%hd o iiqka .;j ry;a jQfha h'
—uf.a ieñhd;a orejd;a fofokdu iiqka .; jQ fyhska újrKh
ud muKla .sysf.hs úiSfuka we;s wre; l=ula o@˜ hs
is;+ ìß| o NsCIqKshla j ry;a nj ,oaod h' —isÿy;a l=ureka ;u ìß|" mq;d" foudmshka yd rdcOdksh yer
meúos jQfha ljr fyhska oehs˜ úuik whg ms<s;=r fï .d:dfjys
we;=<;a h' th ;ud f.a lsishï wd;aud¾:ldó n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla
oï iNd uKavmfhys /ia jQ NsCIQka jykafia Oïñl ksid l< fohla fkd jk nj fuhska f;areï .; yels h'
ysñhka meúosj ry;a jQ whqre;a ìß| yd orejd;a
iiqka .; j ksjka iqj idOkh lr .;a whqre;a ta f,dal ;;a;ajh ukdj f;areï f.k wksÉp-ÿlaL-wk;a; ,CIK
nqÿrÿka yd iu. idlÉPd l< y' ta wjia:dfjys oS uekúka oek f.k l< l%shdjls'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" kqjKe;af;da Okh fuys jeo.;a u mKsjqvh - —wO¾ufhka ;uka f.a iuDoaêh
yd iuDoaêh msKsi ;uka i|yd fyda wkqka i|yd fkd m;kak˜- j;auka ¥Is; w¾:l%uh ksjroH lr .ekSu msKsi
j;a mõlï fkd lr;s' TjQyq O¾udkql+,j Ôj;a ù w;Hka;fhka u wod< jkakls' wO¾ufhka ,nk iuDoaêh
ixidrfhka úuqla;sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd u l%shd lr;s˜ ksr¾:lh' tu.ska fuf,dj yd mrf,dj folays u isÿ jkafka
hs jod< y' wk¾:hls'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 23

 ñksiqka w;=frys mrf;r ^ksjka& hkafkda ál fofkla fj;s' fiiq i;ale, fu;r ^iir& ueosfj;s'

85' wmamld f; ukqiafiiq ñksiqkaf.ka iq¿ msßila

fh ckd mdr.dñfkd mrf;r fj; h;s mSkd
w:dhx b;rd mcd b;sß msßi kej; jrla
;SrfujdkqOdj;s ^6(10& fu;r fj; u t;s wdmiq'

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 iq¿ msßila - iißka t;rg h;a
6 ^10& Ou_h wik msßila .ek mqj;la' ^85 iy 86 .d:d&

O ¾uY%jKh i|yd meñKs ieje;a kqjr jeishka

msßila úIfhys fuu .d:djka Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia úiska jodrK ,oafoa fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev
tfyhska fndfyda fokd f.a ys;iqj msKsi ckdkqlïmdj fmroeß
lrf.k foõ ñksiqkag Y=N isoaêh i,ikq jia ixpdrfhys
fhfokak' fofokl= tl uÕ fkd hkak' uq,-ueo yd w. hym;a
jQ w¾: iïmkak jQ mßmQ¾K jQ O¾uh foaYkd lrkak' mssßisÿ
úiQ iufhys h' cSú;hla .; lrk wdldrh W.kajkak' wefiys l=Kq frdvq ke;s
fndfyda fokd O¾uh olskq we;' oyu fkd ,ofyd;a Tjqka úkdY
tiufhys ieje;akqjr úiQ ieoeyej;ayq msßila ù hkakg bv ;sfí' oyu f;areï .; yels ckhd f,dj fjfi;s'
iïudoï lr NsCIQka jykafia,dg hï hï msßlr uu o oyï foikq msKsi Wrefj,a okõfõ fiakdks .ug hkafkñ'˜
mkaid,sia jila mqrd lrk ,o O¾u¥; ld¾hNdrh werUqfKa
mQcd l< y' fuu úfYaI msßlr mQcdfjka miq tf,i h' ;u Y%djl msßi o legqj oUosj uyd ud¾. yd wkqud¾.
O¾uY%jKdNs,dIS jQ TjQyq rd;%sh mqrd O¾ufoaYkd hka ys Wkajykafia ixpdrh l< y'
lrkq msKsi NsCIQka jykafia,d lsysmkulg wdrdOkd
l< y' /h mqrd u oyï wikakg wiu;a jQ iuyre oyï foiSfïoS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia cd;s-l=,-f.da;%d oS lsis u
w;r ueo oS keÕsg ish ksfjia n,d .sh y' iuyre fjkila fkd l< y' ÿmam;a-fmdfydi;a" l=,Sk-l=,ySk" W.;a-
kQ.;a" mska we;s-mska ke;s iEu ish¿ fokd u Wkajykafia yuqjg
/h mqrd u O¾uh Y%jKh lrkakg is;d kej;=K o wdy' Y%uK- n%dyauK fõjd" rdclSh fyda ÿ.S ÿmam;a fõjd iqofkl=
ksos lsrñka isáh y' nK wiñka u iuyrekag kskao fyda ÿofkl= fõjd ldg jqj o ksis uÕ fmkajkakg wjia:dj ,nd
.sfha h' uq¿ rd;%sh u wjOdkfhka nK weiQ msßi b;d .ekaug Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia W;aiql jQ y' lsisjl=g ksjka uÕ
iq¿ úh' wiqrd fkd ;sìK'O¾uh úYajidOdrK jQfha h'

oUosj nuqKka uy by<ska ms<s.;a l=, mdßY=oaêh .ek Nd.Hj;=ka

miq od Wfoa NsCIQyq tosk /fhys ckhd O¾uh Y%jKh jykafia u| jQ fyda ;elSula fkd l< y' l=, fNaoh kskaos;
l< wdldrh Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï ÿka y' ta ixia:djla fia Wkajykafia fy<d ÿg y' ´kEu l=,hl fyda
weiQ Wkajykafia ta ms<sn|j lreKq meyeos,s lrñka mka;shl whl= Tjqka meúoafoys m%;sM, ,nd.ks;ehs nqÿrÿkg
.d:d folla foaYkd l< y' fmkS .sh úg ix> iudchg we;=<;a lr .kakd ,oS' ñka fmr l=,
yd mka;s fNao u.ska fNao Nskakj mej;s iudch tald.% lrkakg
m%h;akhla oerE tl u ;;ald,Sk Ndr;Sh Ydia;%jrhd Nd.Hj;=ka
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^85 .d:dj&
jykafia h'

ukqiafiiq fh ckd mdr.dñfkd f; wmamld w: whx nqÿrcdKka jykafia Ndr;Sh ldka;dj f.a ;;a;ajh o hym;a njg
b;rd mcd ;Srx tj wkqOdj;s' m;a l< y' n%dyauK Ñka;kfha n,mEu fya;=fjka nqoaO ld,Sk
ldka;djg jeä f.!rjhla ysñ j fkd ;sìK' b|ysg od¾Yksl
ukqiafiiq( ñksiqka w;r¦ fh ckd( hï msßila¦ Ñka;kfhka w. ;ekam;a ldka;djl .ek wikakg ,enqK o
fmdÿfõ Tjqkg ysñ jQfha my;a ;;aFjhls' iajlSh újD; yd
mdr.dñfkd( mrf;rg hkafkda o¦ f;( TjQyq¦ ohdkaú; wdl,amh fya;=fjka ldka;djkg úkS; whqßka ie,l+
wmamld( b;d iq¿ msßils¦ w:( blaì;s¦ whx( fï¦ nqÿyq Tjqkg o úuqla;s ud¾.h mdod ÿka y' b;sydifha m%:u jrg
b;rd mcd( wjfYaI msßi¦ ;Srx tj( fuf;rg u¦ NsCIqKS Ydikhla o Wkajykafia úiska wrUk ,oS' úúO mx;sj,
wkqOdj;s( wdmiq tkafkda h' ia;%Syq tys meúoao ,o y' Tjqka úuqla;s ,dNh msKsi mOka ù¾hh
jevQ whqre yd úuqla;sh ,nd Wodk .S;sld .ehQ whqre f:ß.d:dfõ
i|yka h'
ñksiqka w;r iißka tf;rg hkafkda b;d iaj,am
fofkls' b;sß m%cdj kej; iir kï jQ fuf;rg
kej; wdmiq tkafkda h'

újrKh

Oïfu Oïudkqj;a;sfkd( hkafkka fuys oS woyia lrk ,oafoa

nqÿrÿka jod< Y%S ioaO¾uhhs' nqÿrÿka úiska uq,ska u oï foik
,oafoa miaj. uyKqkag h' Wkajykafia f.a m%:u O¾u foaYkh
Oïuplalmamj;a;k iQ;%h hs' O¾uh pl%hla fyj;a frdaohla
n÷ nj o th m%:u jrg bosßhg hk mßos l%shd;aul l< nj o
bka yeÕfjhs' uq,a u nqoaO Y%djl msßi njg m;a jQfha fï iQ;%h
Y%jKh l< miaj. uyK msßi h' fï ksid nrKei bism;kh
O¾u r;akh yd ix> r;akh my< jQ kscìu jYfhka ye¢kaúh
yels h' uq,a u NsCIq msßi weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia
jod< y'

—uyfKks" uu ish¨ osjHuh yd udkqIsl nkaOkhkaf.ka ñÿfKñ'

Tno ish¨ osjHuh yd udkqIsl nkaOkhka f.ka ñÿKdyq h'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 25

 ukdfldg foiQ oyï ms<sfj; msrefuka b;d ÿl fia tf;r úh hq;= iir mrf;rg meñKsh yel'

86' fh p fLd iïuolaLdf; foid we;s uekúka

Oïfu Oïudkqj;a;sfkd ioyï wkqj úiqfuka
f; ckd mdrfuiaika;s udr n, ì|sñka
uÉpqfOhHx iqÿ;a;rx' ^6(11& t;r úh yel iir l;ßka'

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 O¾uh is; ;=, kï - iißka t;rg hhs
6 ^10& Ou_h wik msßila .ek mqj;la' ^85 iy 86 .d:d&

újrKh oeka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wm w;r jev jdih fkd lrk nj

ienEh' tfy;a Wkajykafia úiska W;=ï jQ YS% ioaO¾uh wmg odhdo
fmr msgqj yd iïnkaOhs fldg we;' tu O¾uh Wkajykafia úiska f.d;d ks¾udKh l<
fohla fkdj fidhd.;a fohls' th ljod;a f,dj mj;akd úYaj
.ñka .ug" k.rfhka k.rhg jevu lrñka fndfyda fokdg kshduhhs' th iod yeu;ek mj;shs' fn!oaO-wfn!oaO" fmr os.-
O¾udiajdoh iy ksjka iqj ,nd foñka ießirk Nd.Hj;=ka wmr os. ldg;a th újD;h' nqÿjre th fidhd f.k foaYkd
jykafiag wúoHdfjks .s¨Kq fmdÿ ckhd mY=>d;kh lrñka" lr;s' thg wuq;= f,an,hla wkjYHh' th fidhd .kakd ´kEu
foúhka hosñka uq,dj jik wdldrh fmkS .sfha h' Tjqka weu;+ flfkl=g ;j;a whl=g foaYkd l< yelsh' kuq;a wjfndaO lsÍu
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fm!oa.,sl h' O¾uh kqjKe;a;ka úiska ;u kqjKska u m%;HCI
lr .; hq;a;ls'
cSú;hla ke;s lsÍu - b;d myiq jevla jqK;a
fokakg lsisjl=g mKla - fudk c.f;la fõo iu;a uÉpqfOhH( udrhd f.a n,h l%shd;aul jk fCI;%h fuys
bmso fuf,dj cSj;a fjk - b;d l=vd if;la jqK;a uÉpqfOhH hkafkka woyia fjhs' udrhd l%shd;aul ùu urKh fia
mKg wdofrhs ;uka f. - nhhs urKhg ljo;a .;fyd;a" uÉpqfOhH hkafkka ixidrh .; yelsh' iißka tf;r
ùu udrhd f.a rdcOdksfhka bj;a ùuls' ks¾jdKdê.uh lr
hs foaYkd l< y' msßksú W;=ukg kej; lsis lf,l urK ÿl ú¢kakg isÿ fkdfõ'
tfuka u flf,iqka ksid mSvdjla o isÿ fkd fjhs'
jdo újdo" l,flda,y," wr., nqÿrcdKka jykafiag m%sh fkd
ùh' NsCIQka weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jrla fufia jod< y' újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^86 .d:dj&
—uyfKks" uu f,dalhd iu. jdo fkd lrñ' f,dalhd ud iu.
jdo lrhs' O¾ujdoshl= lsis úfgl lsisjl= iu. jdo l< hq;=
ke;'˜ fh p fLd iïuolaLdf; Oïfu Oïudkqj;a;sfkd f;
ckd iqÿ;a;rx uÉpqfOhHx mdrfuiaika;s
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jeo.;a fldg ie,l+fha O¾uh hs' tfyhska
ish¿ u fn!oaOhka O¾udkqj¾;S úh hq;= h' nqÿ iufhys fh p fLd( hï lsisfjla¦ iïuolaLdf;( uekúka
b.ekafjk ksIagdj idOkh lr .kakg kï O¾uh m%dfhda.slj
wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'
foid we;s¦ Oïfu( O¾ufhys¦ Oïudkqj;a;sfkd(
O¾udkql+,j ms<smosñka Ôj;a fj;a o¦ f; ckd(
úuqla;s iqjh idCId;a lsÍu msKsi flá ux fkd ue;' l%udkql+,j ta ckhd¦ iqÿ;a;rx( ;rKh lsÍu w;s ÿIalr jQ¦
udkisl ixj¾Okh idOkh lsÍu ta i|yd we;s taldhk ud¾.h uÉpqfOhHx( urejd f.a úð;h ^blaujd&¦ mdrx
nj iQ;% rdYshl u wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' th wkql%ñl YsCIdjls' ksjkg¦ tiaika;s meñfKkakdyq h'
lh" jpkh yd is; l%udkql+,j m%.=K lsÍfuka kshu m%{dj
j¾Okh lr f.k iïfndaêh ,nd ks¾jdKh idCId;a lr .;
yels h' th cd;s" l=," f.da;%" mx;s" j¾K wdoS il,úO fNaohka u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska ukdj foaYkd lr we;s
blaujd isák i¾j idOdrK m%;smodjls' O¾uh ksis mßos l%shd;aul lrñka ms<smosk wh
;rKhg w;s ÿIalr jQ udrhd rc lrk m%foaYh jQ
fn!oaO mqreId¾: ksh; jYfhka olajk wjia:djl Nd.Hj;=ka iißka t;r fj;s'
jykafia fufia jod< y'

—nqÿ nj ,;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia nqÿ nj msKsi O¾uh foaYkd

lr;s' oukh jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia oukh msKsi O¾uh foaYkd
lr;s' Ydka; jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Ydka;sh msKsi O¾uh foaYkd
lr;s' ;rKh l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;rKh msKsi O¾uh
foaYkd lr;s' msßksjka mE Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mßks¾jdKh msKsi
O¾uh foaYkd lr;s'˜

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska idOkh lr .;a mqreId¾:hka

O¾udkqj¾;S Y%djlhdg o újD;j mj;akd nj ñka ikd: fjhs'
O¾uh ukdj foaYkd lr ;sfí' tfy;a ta wkqj ms<smeoSu yqfola
Y%djlhkg Ndr ld¾hhls' wiSñ; Woafhda.fhka" wm%;sy;
ffO¾hfhka yd lemùfuka wm O¾u ud¾.fhys .uka l< hq;=h'
nqÿka ry;=ka .uka l< ta u. ljr ndOd t<eUqK o wm ta ch
.; hq;=h' O¾uh yqfola ffjoHjrhl= úiska ks¾osIag T!IOhla
n÷h' frda.shd ;u tlu wruqK wdfrda.Hh nj f;areï f.k
T!IO Ndú;fhka yd ffjfoHdmfoaY ms<smeoSfuka iqjh ,nd .;
hq;=h'

iir ;rKh .ek lreKq olajk wjia:djloS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

th myqrla Wmldrfhka .Õlska t;r ùula yd iufldg oelajQ
y' —uyfKks" uu O¾uh myqrla fuka W.kajñ' th ;rKh msKsi
Wmldr lr .ekSug ñi lr ;nd .ekSug fkdfõ'˜

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 27

 kqjKe;a;d .sysf.hska kslau meúoaog meñK wl=i,a ÿrefldg l=i,a jvkafka h'

87' lKayx Oïux úmamydh w÷re mõ jev ÿ/r

iqlalx Ndfj: mKaäf;d iqiqÿ mska oyï lr
Tld wfkdlx wd.ïu .sys f.or ú;a w;er
úfjfl h;a: ¥rux ^6(12& meúos ìu is; fkd yer

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 yslaófuka ,efnhs ksjka
6 ^12& mkaishhla wd.ka;=l ysñjreka ms<sn| l;d mqj; ^87"88 iy 89 .d:d&

fo õrï fjfyr jevyqka iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia wd.ka;=l NsCIQka jykafia,d
mkaishhla wern fï .d:d ;=k foaYkd l< y'
1' lduÉPkao

rEm" Yío" .kaO" ri yd iam¾Y hk mxp úO ldu jia;+ka flf¾

we;sjk we,au lduÉPkaoh hs' wm iirg ne`o ;nk nkaOk
w;=frka fuh tlls' idudkH mD:.ack mqoa.,fhda fïjdg we¿ï
fldai, rdcOdksfha jia úiSu i|yd f.dia isá fï lr;s' Bg fya;=j Tjqka ;=< bkaøshh ixjrh fkdue;s ùuhs'
NsCIQ msßi jia jei ksujd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia je| OHdkx. mxplfhka tlla jk tald.%;dj u.ska fuu kSjrKh
kuialdr lsÍu msKsi meñKsh y' tfia meñK nqÿrÿka uev mj;ajkq ,efí' ilod.dñ jk úg fuh ÿn, lrk w;r
wkd.dñ ùfuka iyuq,skau jkikq ,efí' rEm rd." wrEm rd.
je| tl;a mfil wiqka .;a y' Wkajykafia,d jeis jeks iQCIu we¨ï ÿrejkafka ry;a M,h ,eîfïoS h'
iuh .; l< wdldrh ms<sn|j úia;r wid isá lduÉPkaoh ÿre lsÍfuys,d my; oelafjk ;;a;ajhka yh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d j,ska O¾u foaYkd l< ufydamldÍ fjhs'
fial'
1' lduh ;=kS lsÍug wod< jk wruqKla Ndjkdj i|yd fhdod
.ekSu'
2' lduh ;=kS lsÍug wod< jk wruqKla fhdod f.k OHdkhla
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^87 .d:dj& Wmojd .ekSu'
3' b÷rka oukh lr .ekSu'
mKaäf;d hF: úfjfl ¥rux Tld wfkdlx wd.ïu 4' wdydrfhys muK oekSu'
lKayx Oïux úmamydh iqlalx Ndfj:' 5' nUir yeisfrk W;=uka wdY%h lsÍu'
6' ;u l%shdj,shg wod< oeyeñ l;djkays ksr; ùu'

mKaäf;d( kqjKe;a;d¦ h;a: úfjfl( lsishï 2' jHdmdo

úuqla;shl¦ ¥rux( we¨ï lsÍu wmyiq jQ ¦ Tld(
.sys f.hska¦ wfkdlx( wk.dßl cSú;hg¦ wd.ïu( m%sh lrk wruqKla yuq jQ úg tys ukdm jk mßoafoka u" wm%sh
meñK¦ lKayx Oïux( wl=i, l%shdjka¦ úmamydh( wruqKla yuq jQ úg wukdm ùu isß;hs' fï fol uq¿ f,dju ojk
uyd .sks folla fia ye¢kafõ' wúoHdj iu. tlajk lduÉPkaoh
w;yer¦ iqlalx( l=i,l%shd¦ Ndfj:( jvkafkah' yd jHdmdoh f,dj ish¿ ÿla miqmi mj;akd uyd ksodk fol fia
lSu ksjro h' OHdkdx.hla jQ m%S;sh jHdmdo uev ,hs' ilod.
kqjKe;a;d úfõlfhys we,Su ÿIalr ;ekla jQ .sys dó M,h ,eîfuka ÿn, jk jHdmdoh ÿre jkafka wkd.dó M,h
f.hska kslau meúos ìug t<U wl=i,a j,ska je,lS idCId;a l< úgh'
l=i,a oyïys ksr; úh hq;=h'
jHdmdoh ÿre lsÍfuys ,d Wmia:ïNl jk idOl yh fï h'

újrKh 1' fu;a is;ska wruqK foi ne,Su'

2' fu;a;d Ndjkdj ksr;=rej m%.=K lsÍu'
lKayx Oïux( wl=Y, O¾uh - fuhska woyia jkafka iodpdruh 3' ;uka f.a u l¾uh .ek wdj¾ckh lsÍu'
jYfhka ÿ¾j¾K jQ fyj;a mdm O¾uhs' úuqla;shg wys;lr Bg 4' {dk iïm%hqla;j l,amkd lsÍu'
wkq.%y jYfhka fkd mj;akd lreKq wl=i, O¾uh fj;s' 5' l,HdK ñ;% fiajkh'
6' w¾: iïmkak ixjdohkays fhoSu'
Tld wdfkdalx( ´l kñka y÷kajkafka .sys f.hhs' .sys cSú;fha
iqj myiqlï ksid th ´l kñka ye|ska fõ' .sys f.hska kslau pdï 3' Òk ñoaO
wmsia cSú;hg yqreùu zwfkdalZ f,i y÷kajd we;'
Òk kï w,i luhs' ñoaO kï ksosnr T;Eks .;shhs' fuh ldhsl
mßfhdofmhH w;a;dkx ú;a;laf,fiys mKaäf;d( hkafkka wmyiqlula fkdj udkisl iajNdjhls' fuh .il t,a,S isák
kqjKe;a;ka ;u is;a flf,iqka f.ka uqod .kakd nj lshefjhs' jjqf,l= fyda fldagqjlg we,Kq meKs álla f,i fyda .dkakg
uki msßisÿ lsÍu ms<sn`o oS¾> l%shdj,sh fláfhka mejiSuls fï' wmyiq ;rï Wl= fj~re ms~la fia Wmud lr olaj;s' fï .;sh
is; flf,ik flf,iqka w;r m%Odk ;ekla .kafka mxp kSjrK we;s úg jevla lrkakg Woafhda.hla fkd kefÕhs' fï .;s
O¾ufhda h' ú¾hdrïNfhka uev .; yels w;r uq¨ukska u ÿre jkafka ry;a
nj ,;a úg h'
mxp kSjrK( kï is; wdOHd;añl j¾Okh fj;ska j<ld isák
ndOdldÍ idOl myls' ks¾jdK m%;s,dNh fj;ska mqoa.,hd j<ld Òk ñoaO ÿreùu flf¾ n,mdk idOl o yhla fjhs' tkï
isák fuu ndOdldÍ O¾u my kï"
1' muK oek wdydr .ekSu'
1' lduÉPkao" 2' ldhsl bßhõ fjkia lsÍu'
2' jHdmdo" 3' wdf,dal lisKh jeãu'
3' Òk ñoaO" 4' t<suyfka isàu'
4' WoaOÉp l=lal=Ép 5' l,HdK ñ;% fiajkh'
5' úÑlsÉPd h' 6' w¾: iïmkak ixjdohkays fhoSu'

B,Õ msgqj yd iïnkaOhs

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 29

 kqjKe;a;d lïlfgd¨ yer ksjfKys we,s ish is; fudkjg msßisÿ flf¾'

88' ;;%dNsr;sñÉfPhH ksoyia ù ÿre ù yeu ldfuka

ys;ajd ldfu wls[apfkd úiqfjd;a hym;s úfõl iqjfhka
mßfhdofmhH w;a;dkx ;ud u uekúka oukh ùfuka
Ñ;a;laf,fiys mKaäf;d ^6(13& keKe;s uqohs is; yeu flf,iqkaf.ka

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 msßisÿ lr.kak Tnf.a is;
6 ^12& mkaishhla wd.ka;=l ysñjreka ms<sn| l;d mqj; ^87"88 iy 89 .d:d&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^88 .d:dj& jYfhka ye|ska fõ' fï wx. úIfhys i;H .fõIlhd olajkafka
ljr úosfha wdl,amhla o@ i;H .fõIlhd —ud ;=< iïnqoaO;ajh
,eîfï .=Kdx.hla jQ i;sh we;˜ hs okshs'
mKaäf;d ldfu ys;ajd wls[apfkd ;;% wNsr;sx
bÉfPhH Ñ;a;laf,fiys w;a;dkx mßfhdofmhH' th ke;s úg ke;s nj okshs' th we;s lr .kafka flfia oehs
f;areï .kakd fyf;u th j¾Okh lr .kshs' th we;s jQ úg
mKaäf;d( kqjKe;a;d¦ ldfu( b÷rka msKùu¦ oeka ud ;=< fuu iïfndaê wx.h j¾Okh ù we;ehs oek .kS'
ys;ajd( w;yer¦ wls[apfkd( lsisjl=g we¿ï fkd fuh i;smÜGdk iQ;%fha oS i;H .fõIlhd Oïudkqmiaikdj jvk
wdldrh hs' i;H .fõIlhl= iïfndÊ®x. úIfhys olajkafka
lrñk¦ ;;%( tu úfõlfhys¦ wNsr;sx( we,Su¦ fuu .;sl yd m%dfhda.sl wdl,amh hs' iïfndÊ®x. y; kï"
bÉfPhH( m%sh lrkafkah¦ Ñ;a;laf,fiys( udkisl
ls,sá j,ska¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ mßfhdofmhH( msßisÿ 1' i;s iïfndÊ®x.h
lr .kafkah' 2' Oïu úph iïfndÊ®x.h
3' úßh iïfndÊ®x.h
4' mS;s iïfndÊ®x.h
kqjKe;a;d lïiqj yer oud ish¿ jia;= iïm;a flf¾ 5' miaioaê iïfndÊ®x.h
wdYdj ÿre lr meúos cSú;fhys ,efnk úfõl iqjh 6' iudê iïfndÊ®x.h
m%sh lrhs' is; flf<iqkaf.ka uqojd .kshs' 7' WfmalaLd iïfndÊ®x.h

újrKh ima; fndOHX. tkñka y÷kajkq ,nkafka nqoaO;ajh lrd hul=

fmr msgqj yd iïnkaOhs fhduq lrk .=Kdx. ima;lhla fyhsks' ^fndaê-wx.& fïjd
5' úÑlsÉPd j¾Okh jkafka ldhdkqmiaikd" fõokdkqmiaikd" Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd"
iy Oïudkqmiaikd hk i;r i;smÜGdkh m%.=K lsÍfï
ielh fyj;a w;SrKh fuhska yefÕhs' kqjK u| jQ úg we;sjk m%;sM,hla jYfhks' fï iïnkaOfhka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia
fï ;;ajh meg¿Kq jHdl+, Ñka;kh f,i o ye|skafjhs' fuh jod, y'
nqoaOdoS wj;ekays ielh jYfhka ks¾jpkh fkd l< hq;af;a
wfn!oaOhka mjd úÑlsÉPd ÿre lr OHdk ,nk fyhsks' ^1& —uyfKks" NsCIqkula ù¾hfhka hq;=j msßisÿ isysfhka hq;=j"
iïmc[a[fhka wNsoHdj yd fodïki ÿre fldg fõokd" is;
úÑlsÉPd kï jQ ixfhdackh tfia ye¢kaúh yelsh' tfy;a yd O¾uhka úIfhys isysh msysgqjd f.k jdih lrhs kï" Tyq
kSjrKhla jQ úÑlsÉPdj yqfola ´kEu jeo.;a m%ia;=;hka úIfhys f.a isysh ukdj msysgd isáhs' Tyq f.a isysh ukdj msysgd isá úg
we;s úh yels jHdl+, Ñka;kh hs' wgqjdfjys tk fï ks¾jpkh i;s iïfndÊ®x.h j¾Okh ù mQ¾K;ajhg m;a fjhs'
wkqj úÑlsÉPdj w;SrKh f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' úÑlsÉPdj
OHdkdx.hla jQ úpdrh u.ska uev,; yelsh' th fidajdka M,h ^2& i;sfhka hq;=j jdih lrk w;r tu NsCIqj kqjKska hq;=j
u.ska uQf,da;amdgkh fjhs' úÑlsÉPdj ÿr,Sfï úIfhys ys;lr O¾uh .ek is;ñka úuiñka jdih lrkafka kï túg Tyq f.a
n,mEula úh yels lreKq yhla olajd we;' tkï" Oïu úph iïfndÊ®x.h mQ¾K;ajhg m;afjhs'

1' O¾u úkh ms<sn| {dkh' ^3& kqjKska úuid n,ñka ;yjqre jQ mOka ù¾hfhka hq;=j
2' m%Yak lsÍu yd idlÉPdj' tu NsCIqj jdih lrk úg Tyq f.a úßh iïfndÊ®x.h
3' YsCIdfjys h:d ;;a;ajh ms<sn| wjfndaOh' mQ¾K;ajhg m;afjhs'
4' oeä Y%oaOdj'
5' l,HdK ñ;% fiajkh' ^4& ù¾hh mQ¾K;ajhg m;a ù jdih lrk NsCIqj ;=< w;sJøsh jQ
6' w¾:j;a l;d ny hk lreKq yhhs' m%KS;lr jQ iudêc m%S;sh j¾Okh ùfuka mS;s iïfndÊ®x.h
mßmq¾K fjhs'
Wmud olajk úg" lduÉPkaoh úúO j¾K ñY% c,hg o"
jHdmdoh WKq j;=rg o" Òk ñoaOh fm| yd mdis j,ska jeiqkq ^5& is; iudê.;j" is; yd .; ixjrj jdih lrk tu
c,hg o " WoaOÉp l=lal=Éph jd; fõ.fhka le<UqKq c,hg NsCIqjg miaioaê iïfndÊ®x.h j¾Okh fjhs'
o" úÑlsÉPdj le<UqKq uv j;=rg o iudk lr olajd ;sfí'
fun÷ c,fha hful=g ;u ms<sìUqj oel .; fkd yels mßoafoka ^6& ldh miaioaêh we;s ù m%S;sh j¾Okh ù Ñ;af;ald.%;dj
u mxp kSjrKfhka hqla; is;la we;s úg ;ud f.a hym;" j¾Okh jQ úg iudê iïfndÊ®x.h j¾Okh fjhs'
wkqkaf.a hym; fyda ;udf.a;a wkqkaf.a;a hk fomsf,a u hym;
hk lsisjla fufkys lr .ekSu wmyiq fjhs' fï mxp kSjrK ^7& ;u is; foi mQ¾K WfmaCIdfjka ksÍCIKh lrk úg
úúO l%u j,ska hgm;a lr .kafka ;djld,slj h' tajdfha mQ¾K fhda.djpr NsCIQ f;u WfmaCLd iïfndÊ®x.h mßmQ¾Kh lr
m%ydKh isÿjk wdldrh fuys oelafõ'fidajdka ùfï oS - úÑlsÉPd" .kshs'˜
wkd.dó ùfï oS - lduÉPkao" jHdmdo" WoaOÉp l=lal=Ép iy
ry;a ùfï oS - Òk ñoaO ;;%dNsr;s ñÉfPhH( úuqla;sh úIfhys we,au we;s lr .ekSu'

ima; fndOHX. ^iïfndÊ®x.&( kï f,daflda;a;r is;aj, wls[apk( ish¨ WmfNda.- mßfNda. jia;= w;yer ;DIaKd úrys;
ks¾jdKd,ïnkfhys t,an tlCIKsl j yd f,!lsl is;aj, cSú;hla .; lsÍu'
kdkd,ïnkfhys t,an kdkdCIKslj Wmokd iuD;s" m%{d"
ù¾hh"m%S;s" m%Y%íê" tald.%;d" WfmaCId hk ffp;isl i;h' ú;a;laf,fiays( is; ls,sá lrk flf,ia'
nqÿnj ,eîu i|yd WmldÍ jk fï .=Kdx. iïfndÊ®x.

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 31

 iïfndaêhg m;a jk oyïys ukdfldg mqreÿ l< is;e;s ry;ayq f,dj msßksú W;=fuda h'

89' fhix iïfndaêwÙf.iq iïnqÿ wx. jvñka

iïud Ñ;a;x iqNdú;x ish is; mqyqKq l< wh
wdodkmáksiai.af. yeu ne÷ï is| yer
wkqmdodh fh r;d fkd r|d we¿ï ÿre lr
ÇKdijd cq;S ukaf;d nn,;s ry;a ù
f; f,dfl mßksínq;d ^6(14& fj;s msßksjka mEfjda

32 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ry;a m, ,enf.k - h;s f,dj blaujd f.k
6 ^12& mkaishhla wd.ka;=l ysñjreka ms<sn| l;d mqj; ^87"88 iy 89 .d:d&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^89 .d:dj& újrKh

wdodk máksiai.af.a( w,ajd .ekSu ^.%yKh& flfrys we;s

fhix Ñ;a;x iïfndaê wÙf.iq iïud iqNdú;x fh
m%jK;d ke;s lr oeóu' w,a,d .ekSfï iajNdjh ÿre lsÍu'
wkqmdodh wdodk máksiai.aaf. r;d cq;Sukaf;d f;
ÇKdijd f,dfl mßksínq;d' f,dafla mßksínq;d( fï NjfhaoSu ^fï f,dalfhaoS u& ksjka iqjh
idCId;a lrf.k we;af;a h' mßksínq; hk jpkfhka urKh
fhix( hïlsis ^ks¾u,& ;eke;a;l= f.a¦ Ñ;a;x( woyia fkdjk nj f;areï .ekSu uekú' fuysoS fidamdêfiai
mßks¾jdKh woyia lr we;'
is;¦ iïfndaê wÙf.iq( iïfndÊ®x.hka úIfhys¦
iïud iqNdú;x( uekúka jvk ,o o¦ fh( hï mßksínq; hkafkka idudkHfhka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a msßksjka
lsis flfkla¦ wkqmdodh( lsisjla Wmdodk jYfhka mEu woyia fj;;a ry;ka jykafia kula iïnkaOfhka jqjo th
.%yKh fkd lr¦ wdodk máksiai.af.( .%yKhka fhosh yelsh' nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a mßks¾jdKh ms<sn|j uyd
w;yer oeófuys¦ r;d( we¨ï lr;a o¦ cq;Sukaf;d( mßks¾jdK iQ;%fhys meyeos,sj úia;r lr we;' uq,ska u m%:u
OHdkhg iujeÿKq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wk;=rej bka keÕS oaú;Sh
nenf<ñka isák¦f; ÇKdijd( ta ry;ka jykafia,d¦ OHdkhg iu jeÿKy' fï l%ufhka ;D;Sh" p;=¾: OHdkhkag
f,dfl( f,dalfhys¦ mßksínq;d(- msßksjka mE o bka miq wdldidk[apdh;k OHdkh" ú[a[dk[apdh;k
W;a;ufhda h' OHdkh" wdls[ap[a[dh;k OHdkh" yd fkaZj i[a[d
kdi[a[dh;khg o iujkay' bka ke`.S i[a[dfõohs;
fndaOHx. ksis f,i j¾Okh lr .;a" lsisu jia;=jla ksfrdaOhg iujkay' bka miq kej; wjfrdayK l%ufhka uq,a
OHdkh olajd iujeo kej; p;=¾: OHdkh olajd wdfrdayK
uf.a hehs .%yKh fkd lrk" Wmdodk fkd .kakd l%uhg iu jeÿKy'
hfula fj;a kï" tu oSma;su;a ry;ka jykafia,d
ksjka iqj mila lr .;af;da h' thska keÕS isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wkqmÈfiai mßks¾jdK
Od;=fjka msrsksjka md jod< y'

yhjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mKä; j.. 33

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î'O¾uodi mshdKkag
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mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
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Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
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î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ksï iir .uka we;s ish¨ flf,ia .eg is`o ¨ ry;=kg is;a ;eú,af,la ke;af;a h'

90' .;oaêfkd úfidliai .uk ksu l<" ÿ/r fidalh

úmamuq;a;iai iínê ish,af,ka ,en.;a úuqla;sh
iín.ka:mamySkiai mqmqrejd y< ish¨ nkaOk
mß<dfyda k úÊc;s ^7(1& W;=ukg ke; lsis oeùula

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ksù hhs flf,ia .sï
7 ^1& Ôjl ke`.+ m%Yak ^90 .d:dj&

.Hj;=ka jykafia Ôjl kï wUjkfha jev .;oaêfkd( .uk ksu l<¦ úfidliai( fYdalh ÿre
Nd úiQ iufhys Ôjl úiska úuik ,o m%Yakhla
úIfhys fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
l<¦ iínê( yeu foa flfrka u¦ úmamuq;a;iai(
úuqla; jQ¦ iín .ka:mamySKiai( ish¿ nkaOkhkaf.ka
ñÿKq¦ mß<dfyd( fõokdjla¦ k úÊc;s( úoHdudk
tiufhys wcdi;a rc iu. tla jQ foajo;a; fkdfõ'
ia:úrfhda Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia flfrys ffjr ne|
.,la fmr<d Wka jykafia urd ouñ hs is;d .scql=¿ iir .uk ksuejQ" ish¨ fYdal ÿre l< yeu w;skau
mõjg keÕ .;af;a h' Tyq l÷ u; isg nqÿka úuqla;" ish¿ nkaOk is|Æ nqÿka jykafia" ry;ka
fj;g l¿ .,la fjr fhdod fmrÆ kuq;a nqÿrÿka jykafia jeks W;=ukg mß<dyhka fyj;a fõokdjla
f.a mska uysufhka u;= jQ .,la tu ., kj;d,Sh' fkd ue;'
tfy;a .f,ka ì÷Kq m;=rla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a újrKh
mfhys jeoS f,a .,kakg mgka .;af;a h' nqÿrcdKka
jykafiag oeä fõokdjla oekqfKka NsCIQyq .;oaêfkd( hkafkka woyia jkafka iir .uk ksujd jod< nqoaOdoS
W;=fudah' ish¨ ñksiqka .uka .kakd ixidr ud¾.h yefrk úg
Wka jykafia uoaol=Éýhg f.k .sh y' ;j;a ñksiqka úiska .uka .kakd ud¾. ;sfí' tkï"

wïn jkfhys isá Ôjl ffjoHjrhd fj;ska ms<shï 1' fidr i;=rka .efjfik ud¾.h
,nyq ßis jQ Wka jykafia —ud Ôjl fj; f.k 2' jk i;=ka .ejfik ud¾.h
hkake˜hs NsCIQka jykafia,dg lshd isáh y' jyd 3' c,h ke;s ud¾.h
4' wukqIH.Dys; ud¾.h yd
ls%hd;aul jQ Ôjl nqÿrÿka f.a mdofhys T!IOhla 5' wdydr úrys; ud¾.h hs'
.,ajd —iñ÷ks" k.rfha tla frda.shl= n,kakg we;'
Tyqg ms<shï fldg jyd wdmiq tñ' ud tk ;=re fï fuys oS tu ÿ._ ud¾. fkdj ixidr ud¾.h woyia fjhs'
fnfy; ;sfnkakg yßkak˜hs lshd fya ;u frda.shdg
ms<shï lrkakg .sfha h' iín .ka:mamySk( ñka ish¨ nkaOkhkaf.ka ñÿKq hkak
lshefjhs' nkaOk j¾. y;rla fjhs'

Tyq frda.shdg ms<shï lr wdmiq tk úg f.aÜgqj jid 1' wNsOHd( wêl ;DIaKdjhs' wkHhka f.a iïudk ,nd .ekSu
;snqKq fyhska meñKSug wmyiq úh' Tyqg fufia i|yd we;sjk oeä ;DIaKdj hs'
is;sKs'—fnfy; ,syd oeóug oeka fõ,djhs' tfia fkd
l< fyd;a nqÿrÿkag fndfyda fõokd we;s jkq we;' 2' jHdmdo( wkHhka úIfhys wukdm j fl%daOh fyj;a ffjrh
we;s lr .ekSu hs'
ug ;snqfKa fnfy; ,sykakg fjk flfkl= fhdojd
hdug hs' ud lr we;af;a nrm;, mdm l¾uhls'˜ 3' iS,ín; mrdudi( úêu;a YsCIKfhka neyerj úúO ñ:Hd
fufia is;ñka fya miq ;ejqfKa h' j%; pdß;% wdoshg fhduq ùuhs'

Ôjl tfia miq;efjk w;r;=r Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia 4' box iÉpdNsksfjfid( ud ms<s.kakd foh muKla u i;Hh
hs" wka ish,a, uqidjdo fj;s" hs ms<s.ekSu' hk fï y;r tn`ÿ
wdkkao ysñhka wu;d —wdkkao" Ôjlg f.aÜgqj jid nkaOk fj;s' fï y;r ñksid iirg ne| ;nhs'
we;s neúka fuys meñKSu ÿIalr úh' oeka fnfy;
.<jd oukakg fhda.H fõ,djhs'˜ ta weiQ wdkkao Ôjl( nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a ffjoHjrhd h' Wmka yeáfha u uj
ysñfhda fj¿ï má .,jd fnfy; bj;a l< y' úiska l+vhl oud l=Kq f.dvl oud ;sìKs' ìïìidr rcqf.a mq;%hl=
;=jd,h iqj ù ;sìK' jQ wNhrdc l=udrhd Tyq oel ore fifkyiska yod .;af;a h' l=Kq
f.dfvka .ksoaoS mK ;snqKq fyhska ^Ôj;s& ta nj lshefjk Ôjl
ku Tyqg fhosKs' l=url= úiska yod jvd .;a fyhska fldaudryÉp
WoEikska u Ôjl nqÿrÿka olskakg meñK"—iñ÷ks" hkak o kug wE|sKs' ffjoH Ydia;%h yodrd oCI ffjoHjrhl= jQ
Tn jykafiag nrm;, fõokdjla oekqKd o@˜hs m%Yak fyf;u Y,H l¾uhkays o oCI úh' oreKq YS¾IdndOhlska fm¿Kq
l< y' —Ôjl" nqoaOFjh ,;a osk jc%dikh u; oS isgqjrhl=g ie;alï folla l< nj m; fmdf;a i|yka fõ' osklg
;:d.;hka jykafia f.a ish¨ fõokd wjikaj ;=ka jrla nqÿrÿka yuq ùug .sh ieoeyej;l= jQ fya .,a m;=r jeoS
;=jd, jQ nqÿrÿka f.a mdohg o ms<shï lf<a h'
.sfha h˜ hs Wka jykafia mejiQy'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^90 .d:dj&

.;oaêfkd úfidliai iínê úmamuq;a;iai iín

.ka:mamySKiai mß<dfyda k úÊc;s'

y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 7

 ú, yermshd yxihka hkakd fia - ry;ayQ" jik yeu;eklau we,Sï rys;j yerh;a'

91' WhHq[acka;s i;Sukaf;d isys we;af;da njqka jvk

k ksflf; ruka;s f; kjd;ekl is; fkd r|k
yxidZj m,a,,x ys;ajd yxihka fia ú, yer hk
Tlfudlx cyka;s f; ^7(2& yer,;s hk hk ksjyk

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W;=fuda wry;a - lsis;ekl fkd wef,;a
7 ^2& uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia ^91 .d:dj&

u yd ldYHm uy f;reka jykafia wern nqÿrÿka

fï .d:dj jodrk ,oafoa fõ¿jkdrdufhys jev
isá iufha h'
wjk; nj ksid h' uyd ldYHmfhda l=, f.j,g fyda
.syshkaf.ka ,efnk m%;Hhg we¨ï lrkafkda fkd
fj;s' we;a;u lsjfyd;a fmr w;a nfjl uyd ldYHm
ia:úrfhda uu pkaøhd fuka fkd we,S jikakg iu;a
rc.y kqjr jia jei ksue jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fjïjd hs m%d¾:kd lf<a h' uyd ldYHm odhlhka
NsCIQka wu;d —foi;shlska miq uu msKavmd; fj; fyda úydrh fj; fyda ne`ÿfKda fkd fjhs' uyd
pdßldfjys ksr; jkafkñ˜ hs jod< y' ta weiQ fndfyda ldYHm f.a mgka ish¨u Y%djlhkag ud wjjdo lr
NsCIQka jykafia,d md;% iQodkï lr .;ay' isjqre we;af;a pkaøhd Wmud fldg yeisfrk f,i fkdfõ o@
fidaod m~q fmdjd ilia lrkakg mgka .;ay' ta ish¿ NsCIQka yxihka ú,lg fkd we,S úf,ka ú,g
wjia:dfjys uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafia o ;u mshdUkakd fia tla ia:dkhlg fkd we,S fikiqfkka
isjqre fidaod msßisÿ lr .;ay' fikiqkg we,aula fkdlr ießirkakg iu;a jqj
ukdh˜hs wjjdo l< y'
uyd ldYHm f;reka isjqre fidaod fõ,d ilia lrkq
ÿgq we;eï NsCIQyq —uyd ldYHm ysñhka fï isjqre újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^91 .d:dj&
iQodkï lrkafka l=ug o@ rc.y kqjr oy wg
fldaáhla ckhd fjfi;s' fï whf.ka jeä yßh i;Sukaf;d WhHq[acka;s f; ksflf; k ruka;s f;
tlaflda ldYHm ysñhka f.a odhlfhda h' ke;akï m,a,,x ys;ajd yxid bj Tlfudlx cyka;s'
kEoEfhda h' Tjqka w;yer Wkajykafia fldys jevu
lrkakg o@ ta wh Wkajykafiag fkd wvqj isjqmih i;Sukaf;d( isysh jvk W;=fuda¦ WhHq[acka;s(
msßkukafkda h' ta wh yer oud Wkajykafia fldys ksr;=rej njqka jv;s¦ f;( Tjqyq¦ ksflf;( we¨ï
jäkakg o@ .sh;a Wkajykafia udmudo .=ydfjka ne÷ï úIfhys¦ k ruka;s( Wkkaÿ fkd fj;s¦ f;(
tydg fkd hkjd we;'˜ hs l;sld l< y' ^udmudo Tjqyq¦ m,a,,x ys;ajd( ú, yer hk¦ yxid bj(
.=ydj kï" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;uka iu. hkakg yxihka fuka¦ Tlfudlx( kjd;eka fmd<j,a¦
tk NsCIQkaf.ka iuyreka wdmiq tjkakg is;d kej;S cyka;s( yerh;s'
—uyfKks" Tn fu;ekoS wdmiq yeÍ wdrduhg hkak'
m%udo fkd ù l%shd lrkak' ^ud muÊð;a:&˜ hs wjjdo isys kqjKska ojißk ksr;=re njqka jvk W;=fuda lsis
lrk ;ekh'& Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o .ukg msg;a ù" u nkaOkhla we;s lr fkd.ks;s' yxihka ú,la yer
—fï rc.ykqjr we;=<; yd msg; oy wg fldaáhla ú,lg hk mßoafoka Tjqyq wdrdu flf¾ fkd we,S yer
ckhd fjfi;s' h;s'
újrKh
fï wh f.a úúO wd.ñl wjYH;d ;sfí' tfyhska
wdrduh ysia jkakg bv yeÍu kqiqÿiq h' fuys ljqreka i;Sukaf;d( i;sh kï wjOdkh hs' ksrka;r wjoslu hs' i;sh
mxp bkaøsh yd mxp n, w;r tlls' fndaê wx.hka f.ka o tlls'
fyda isáh hq;= h' fï jeäfokd tlaflda uyd ldYHm wd¾hh wIagdx.sl ud¾.fhys i;a jk mshjrhs' l=i, l¾u yd
f.a odhlfhda h' ke;akï [d;sjreh' tfyhska ud l¾uc uy.a.; Ñ;a;hkaf.a o fhfok wksjd¾h h ffp;islhls'
Wkajykafia yd msßi fuys kj;d hkafka kï uekú˜
hs is;d" uyd ldYHm ysñhka wu;d fufia jod< y' wryka;( fyj;a ry;ka jykafia,d lsisjlg fyda lsisfjl=g we¨ï
—uyd ldYHm" wdrduh ysiaj ;eîu kqiqÿiq h' uy fkdlrkafkda h' uu h" udf.a h jeks ixl,amhkaf.ka o
f;drh y'
ck;djg W;aij wjia:dj, fyda úm;a;s wjia:dj,
ix>hd wjYH fjhs' tfyhska Tn Tn f.a msßi;a iu.
kj;skak'˜ ta weiQ uyd ldYHm ysñfhda o —uekú"
iajdókS˜ hs wdmiq yeÍ .shy'

we;eï NsCIQyq ta oel —wm lSjd fndre o@ uyd ldYHm

ysñhka isjqre fidaod ili;a oS udmudo .=ydfjka
tydg fkd hk nj wms fkd lSfjuq o@ wm lS foa
tf,i u bgq jQjd fkdfõ o@ZZ hs lshkakg jQy' ta
weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia kej;S —uyfKks" Tn fï
oeka l;d lf<a l=ulaoe˜ hs úuiQfhka NsCIQyq ish,a,
fkdj<yd lshd mEy' —uyfKks" uyd ldYHmhka
kej;=fKa Tn lshk mßos [d;Ska fyda odhlhka m%;H
msßkuk ksid fkdj" udf.a jpkh ksid h' ug we;s
y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 9
ksjK f.dÿre fldge;s ry;=ka f.a .;sh fkdo;yel' wyfia il=Khka .sh uÕ fkd o; yelaldla fuks'

92' fhix ikakspfhd k;aÓ ke; Tjqka /ia lrkafka

fh mß[a[d;fNdckd muK oekf.k nqoskafka
iq[a[f;d wksñ;af;d p ksjqKq i,l=Kq olskafka
úfudlafLd hiai f.dpfrd ksjka wruqKq lrkafka
wdldfiZj il=ka;dkx kqn isfhd;a msh f,iskafka
.;s f;ix ÿrkakhd'^7(3& fkdue; i,l=Kq ;shkafka

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 .=Kj;a ry;=ka - fkd ,nk wjuka
7 ^3& fn,a,ÜÀiSi f;reka jykafia ^92 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

fn,a,ÜÀiSi f;rekajykafia wern fï .d:dj
foaYkd l< y'
újrKh

ikakspfhda k;aÓ( hkafkka /ia lsÍula ke;s nj oelafõ' tla

w;lska Wkajykafia ,d f,!lsl fN!;sl jia;= /ia fkd lr;s'
tfuka u wks;a w;g iir i|yd w¨f;ka mska /ia lsÍula o fkd
oskla fn,a,ÜÀiSi f;ryq ms`vq is`.d f.dia w;r uÕ lr;s' kj l¾u j,ska Wka jykafia,dg m%fhdackhla fkd ue;'
tla myiq ;ekl jev ys| j<|d ksu fldg md;%h tfyhska fï w¾: folska u ry;ka jykaafia,d ikakspfhka f;dr
msßisÿ lr kej; ms`vq isÕd .sh y'tfia tla lr .;a nj lsj hq;= h'
n; o /f.k fjfyrg meñKs Wka jykafia tajd
fï .d:dfjka lreKq olajk ,oafoa ry;ka jykafia,d ms<sn|j
wõfõ ,d fõ<d .;a y' B<Õ oskfha ms~q isÕd hdfï h' wd¾hh ud¾.h mßmQ¾Kh fldg úuqla;sh ,o W;=fuda ry;ka
wjYH;dj j,ld .kakg Wkajykafia tfia l< y' jykafia fj;s' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o —wyx ys wryd f,dafla˜hs
wk;=rej Wkajykafia osk fol ;=kla u tl os.g jrla ;uka jykafia ry;ka jykafia kula f,i y÷kajd .;a
OHdk iqjfhka Ndjkdkqfhda.S j l,a .; l<y' y' ry;ka jykafia,d ish¨ we¿ï-ne÷ï ÿr yeß W;=fuda fj;s'
OHdkfhka keÕS isg úh<d ;nd .;a wdydr osfhka Y=kH;" wksñ;a; yd wm%Ksys; úfudaCIhka ols;ehs woyia
lrkafka tfyhsks'
fmdÕdjd j<|d l=i.sks ksjd .;ay'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia —wryx iïud iïnqoafOda˜ jYfhka ry;ka
fï l%shdj NsCIQ Ôú;hg fkd .e,fm;ehs ;SrKh l< jykafia kul f,i ye|skajqj o idudkH ry;ka jykafia kulg
wkH NsCIQyQ ta nj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï ÿkay' jvd fjkila o ;sfí' —uyfKks" nqÿka jykafia o ry;a h' iïud
wdydr ;ekam;a lr ;nd f.k N=la;s ú`oSu NsCIQ;ajhg iïnqoaO h' Wkajykafia fmr fy<s fkd jQ ud¾.hla fy<s lr;s'
Wkajykafia ud¾.h o;ay' ud¾.h f;areï .;ay' ud¾.fhys
wf.dapr fyhska Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia th fkd ukdh úYdro h' Y%djlfhda Wkajykafia .sh u. hkakd y'˜ wry;a
hehs YsCIdjla meKjQ y' iïud iïnqoaO yd wryka; fofokd f.a fjki th h' wry;a hk
jpkfhys w¾:h —mQcd i;aldrhkag fhda.Hh" f.!rj kuialdrhg
t;l=ÿ jqj;a fn,a,ÜÀiSi ysñhka wdydr ;ekam;a iqÿiq h'˜ hkakhs' m%:u jrg nqÿrÿkg zwryxZ hk ku fhÿfõ
lrf.k isáfha YsCIdjla mKjkakg l,ska fyhska nqÿrcdKka jykafia u h' ta Wml wdÔjlhd yuq jQ wjia:dfõ h'
fojk jrg zwryxZ hk jpkh nqÿrÿka ;ukag u fhdod .;af;a
Wkajykafia ksjrolre jQ w;r tfia lf<a wdydr miaj. uyKqkg ;ud y÷kajd ÿka wjia:dfõoS h' ry;a hk
;DIaKdj ksid fkd j yqfola Ndjkdkqfhda.S ùfï jpkh ish¿ flf<iqka ñ¥ W;=ukag u fhfoa' ta wre;ska .;fyd;a
fÉ;kdfjka u fyhska th wysxil l%shdjla nj o wfma hq.fha m%:u ry;ka jykafia nqÿrcdKka jykafiau h'
ms<s.kakd ,oS'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^92 .d:dj&

fhix ikakspfhd k;aÓ" fh mß[a[d;fNdckd"

hiai iq[a[f;d wksñ;af;d úfudlafLd p
f.dpfrd" f;ix .;s wdldfi il=ka;dkx bj
ÿrkakhd'

fhix( hï lsis ^ry;a& W;=uka fj;¦ ikakspfhd(

/ialsÍu¦ k;aÓ( ke;a o¦ fh( hï ^W;=uka& msßila¦
mß[a[d; fNdckd( muK oek j<o;a o¦ hiai(
hful=g¦ iq[a[f;d( Y=kH jQ¦ wksñ;af;d( ksñ;a;la
úrys; jQ¦ úfudlafLd( úfudaCIh¦ p( o¦ f.dpfrd(
wruqKq fõ o¦ f;ix( Tjqka f.a¦ .;s( .sh u.¦
wdldfi( wyfiys¦ il=ka;dkx bj( l=re,a,ka f.a
fuka¦ ÿrkakhd( oel .; fkd yels h'

jia;= /ia fkd lrk" muK oek wkqNj lrk" Y=kH

jQ wksñ;a; jQ úfudaCIh ^ksjk& f.dapr lr .kakd
W;=uka .sh u. wyfiys l=re,a,ka mshdir l< uÕ
fuka u oel .; fkd yelss h'

y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 11

 ry;=ka f.a bmeoau fkd o; yel' wyie il=Khka .sh uÕ msh fkd o; yelaldla fuks

93' hiaidZijd mßlaÇKd ish¨ flf,iqka kikafka

wdydfr p wksiaisf;d wyr fj; ke; wef,kafka
iq[a[f;d wksñ;af;d p ksjqKq i,l=Kq olskafka
úfudlafLd hiai f.dapfrd ksjka wruqKq lrkafka
wdldfiZj il=ka;dkx kqn isfhd;a msh f,iskafka
mox ;iai ÿrkakhx ^7(4& fkd ue; i,l=Kq ;shkafka

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 .sh u. ry;=ka - fidhuq o flf,iska
7 ^4& wkqreoaO f;rKqjkaf.a l;d mqj; ^93 .d:dj&

w kqreoaO f;reKqjka wern fï .d:dj foaYkd lrk

,oafoa Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev
úiQ wjosfha h'
úiska myka is;ska l< foa h˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
meyeos,s l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^93 .d:dj&

wkqreoaO f;rKqjkaf.a isjqr mrK ù osrd f.dia ;=nQ
fyhska w¿;a isjqrla ;kd .kq msKsi Wka jykafia hiai wdijd mßlaÇKd wdydfr p wksiaisf;d hiai
;eka ;eka j, ùis l< fros len,s /ia lrñka isáh iq[a[f;d wksñ;af;d p úfudlafLd f.dpfrd ;iai
y' f;rKqjka fufia le,s li< mSrñka fros len,s mox wdldfi il=ka;dkx bj ÿrkakhx
fidhkq Wka jykafia f.a mQ¾j ckauhl Ndhœjlaj
isg" oeka ;õ;sid foõf,dj cd,skS kñka bmo isá hiai( hul= f.a¦ wdijd( laf,aY¦ mßlaÇKd( ÿre
osjH wmairdjg fmksKs' Wka jykafiag Woõ lrkakg lrk ,o o¦ wdydfrp( wdydr úIfhys o¦ wksiaisf;d(
is;+ ´ f;dfuda ßhka 13 la os. ßhka 4la m<, osjH we,aula ke;s o¦ hiai( hful=g¦ iq[a[f;d( Y=kH jQ¦
jia;%hla f.k ud fï whqßka oelajqj fyd;a th wksñ;af;d( ksñ;s úrys; j¦ úfudlafLd( úfudaCIh¦
f;reka jykafia úiska fkd ms<s.kakg bv we;ehs f.dpfrd( f.dapr fõo¦ ;iai mox( Tyq .sh u.¦
is;d" f;reka mSrñka isá l=Kq f.dv bosßfha ;j;a wdldfi( wyfiys¦ il=ka;dkx bj( mCISka f.a fuka¦
l=Kq f.dvl jdáhla muKla fmfkk mrsos ÿrkakhx( oel .ekSu ÿIalr h'
ieÕjQjd h'
ish¨ flf,iqka ÿre l< wdydr úIfhys wNsr;shla
wkqreoaO ysñfhda fros lv ,en thska isjqrla lr .kq ke;s" Y=kH yd wksñ;a; úfudaCIh f.dapr lr .;a
msKsi úydrhg f.k .sh y' Wka jykafia f.a isjqre W;=uka f.a .uka u. oel .ekSu wyfiys mCISka f.a
ueiSug Wojq lrkq msKsi nqÿrcdKka jykafia wiQ msh igyka ke;sjdla fuka ÿIalr h'
uyd Y%djlhka jykafia o legqj tys jevu l< y'
isjqr ueiSu msKsi my,ska uyd ldYHm ysñfhda ys| újrKh
.;a y' by< fldfkys wdkkao ysñfhda ys| .;ay' ueo
idßmq;a; ysñfhda ys|.;a y' NsCIQka jykafia,d msßila wdij( hkafkka woyia jkafka flf<ia h' md,s fmd;a j, wdij
j._ y;rla .ek i|yka fjhs'
kQ,a leg ÿka y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia boslgqj weñKSu
l< y' wjYH foa ,Õg imhd oSu i|yd uq.,ka 1' ldudij ^b`ÿrka msKùug we;s m%jK;dj&
ysñfhda tyd fuyd ilauka l< y' 2' Njdij ^meje;au i|yd we;s m%jK;dj&
3' osÜGdij ^úúO oDIaàka we;s lsÍfï m%jK;dj&
foõ ÿj .ï jeishka fj; f.dia —wo wkqreoaO 4' wúÊcdij ^h:d¾:h fkd oekSu ms<sn| m%jK;dj&
f;reka jykafiag isjqrla lrjk oskhhs' Nd.Hj;=ka we;eï iQ;%hl osÜÀ bj;a lr b;sß ;=k olajd ;sfí' fïjd ´>
jykafia;a wiQ uyd Y%djlhka jykafia,d;a ;j;a jYfhka o y÷kajd ;sfí'
fndfyda NsCIQka jykafia,d;a iduqyslj l%shd lr;s'
wdrdufhys iÕrejk fndfyda h' le| n;a f.k f.dia fidajdka jk úg osÜGdih m%ySK fjhs' wkd.dó ùfuka ldudij
mQcd lr mska ,nd .kak˜ hs oekqï ÿkakd h' o ry;a ùfuka Njdij yd wúÊcdij o jkikq ,efí' ry;aùu
zwdijlLhZ jYfhka y÷kajkafka tfyhsks' wdij m%ydKh
úo¾Ykdfjka" bkaøsh oukfhka" úr;sfhka yd úpCIKj;a m%;H
oka j<|k fudfyd; jk úg uq.,ka ysñfhda úYd, mßfNda.fhka isÿjk nj nqÿyq fmkajd ÿkay'
cïnq f.k wdy' ix>hdg th j<|d ksu l< fkd
yels úh' Yl%hd Wka jykafia,d isjqre lr jQ ;ek ÇKdij( hkq ry;ka jykafiag kuls' th fhdokafka wdij ÿre
jgd /lj,a ,Efõ h' ñys l; ,;=fhka keyejQjd fia l< fyhsks' wdij hkak ;Kayd hkakg mhœdhj fhosh yelsh'
;Kaydjo ldu ;Kayd" Nj ;Kayd" úNj ;Kayd jYfhka ;%súOj
osia úKs' wdydr mdkfhka ia:dkh msÍ ;sìKs' ix>hd olajkq ,efí'
jykafia,d je<ª miq;a úYd, wdydr m%udKhla
b;sß úh' —fï ;rï úYd, wdydr m%udKhla fï iq¿
msßilg iQodkï lf<da ljqre oe˜hs iuyr NsCIQyq
m%Yak l< y' iuyre ta .ek nqÿrcdKka jykafiag
meñKs,s l<y' —uyfKks" fï uy oka wkqreoaO
f;reka úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,oehs Tn is;kjd o@˜
Wka jykafia tfia m%Yak l< úg NsCIQyq —tfyu hs"
iajdókS˜ hs mejiQ y' —ke; uyfKks" u mq;a wkqreoaO
tfia fkd lrhs' wdYd ÿre l< W;=fuda wdydr jeks
foa .ek tfia Wkkaÿ fkd fj;s' fïjd foõÿjl
y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 13
 oeuqKq b`ÿrka we;s mqyq udk ke;s flf,ia rys; ry;=kaf.a oelau foúfhda m;;s'

94' hiaisZkaøshdks iu:x .;dks we;ao hul=g oeuqKq b÷rka

wiaid h:d idrÓkd iqoka;d jf.a fyd| yS,E wYajhka
mySKudkiai wkdijiai udk ÿre l<" flf<ia l< iqka
fojdZms ;iai msyhka;s ;dosfkd ^7(5& Tyqg foúfhd;a lr;s nqyquka

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 foúfhd;a mqo;a - iñ÷ka ry;a
7 ^5& uyd lÉpdhk uy ry;ka jykafia ^94 .d:dj&

mQ¾jdrdufhys jev isá iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia uyd lÉpdhk uy ry;ka jykafia ksñ;s
wkdijiai( flf<ia ke;s¦ ;dosfkd( Ñ;af;l.%;dj
,;a¦ ;iai( ta ry;ka jykafiag¦ fojd wms( foúfhda
fldg fï .d:dj jod< fial' o¦ msyhka;s( m%sh fj;s'

tla iufhlays Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jeis idrui r:dpdhœhka úiska ukdj yslaujd .;a wYajhka fuka
wjik meje;ajqKq uyd mqKHl¾uhla fjkqfjka Y%djl ;u bkaøshhka yslaujd .;a" udkh ÿre l<" flf<ia
ix>hd msßjrd ñ.drud;d m%didofhys ìï uyf,ys jekiQ tn÷ ry;ka jykafia,dg foúhka o m%s;s fj;s'
jev yqka fial' tl, uyd lÉpdhk ysñhka jev
isáfha wjka;s foaYfha h' idudkHfhka wE; ÿre rg újrKh
jev úiqj;a O¾u foaYkh wdrïN jk úg meñK
isàu fï uyd f;reka f.a ms<sfj<hs' tfyhska wjika bkaøshdks( b÷rka' fuhska woyia jkafka wmg ndysr f,dalfhka
wruqKq f.k tk
fudfydf;a fyda Wkajykafia meñfKk nj okakd
ix>hd jykafia Wkajykafiag wiqkla fjka lr ;nd 1' wei( plaLq
f.k isá;s' 2' lK( fida;
3' kdih( >dk
Yl% foafõkaøhd tosk mskalug iyNd.s ùu msKsi 4' osj( ðõyd
5' lh( ldh
meñK Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia je| mqod f.k uy 6' uki( ufkd hk bkaøsh yh h'
iÕrejkg o .re i;aldr olajd tl;a miaj uyd
lÉpdhk f;reka fkd oel — wfma uyd lÉpdhk ;dosfkd( ;yjqre jQ" wNHka;r yd ndysr fm,eöï u.ska lïmkh
ysñhka jevu lr ke;af;a wehs@ Wka jykafia jevu fkd jk nj' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia .ek mjik úg ;dosFjh fufia
l<d kï ljr ;rï hym;a o˜ hs is;S h' Tyq tfia újrKh lr;s'
is;k úg u uyd lÉpdhk ysñfhda tys jevu l<y' 1' N.jd ldfud>x ;sKafKd¦ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia lduh kï
ta ÿgq Yl% foafõkaøf;u miajkla m%S;sfhka mskd f.dia iev myfrka t;r jQy'
uy f;reka jykafia f.a j<¨lßka w,ajd f.k
—Tn jykafia jevu l< tl fyd|hs' uu is;ñka 2' N.jd Nfjd>x ;sKafKd¦ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Njh kï iev
isáfha Tn jykafia .ek hs' Tn jykafia ysáhd kï myfrka t;r jQy'
fyd|hs lshd is;+ jyd u Tn jykafia my, jqKd'˜hs 3' N.jd wúÊfc>x ;sfKaKd¦ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wúoHd ´>h
fomd w;.dñka iqj| u,a oula mqod yrir oelaùh' o ;rKh l< y'
wk;=rej h<s tl;a mfil ys| .;af;a h'
fï fya;= yd ;j;a fya;= ksid Wkajykafia ;doS hhs lsh;s'
fï ÿgq we;eï NsCIqkula wikaf;daIhg m;ajQ y' mqoa.,hl= ;doS jkafka Ñ;a;ù¾hh jYfhka ia:djr jQ úgh'
WÑ;dkqú; úpCIKh we;s j l,n, fkdù l%shd lrk úg ;doS
—Yl% foafõkaøhd j|skafkda mqokafkda mCI.%dyS l%uhg .=Kh jefvhs'
h' fjk lsis u NsCIq kulg fkd oelajQ .reire
uyd lÉpdhk ysñhkag oelaùh' wfma uyd lÉpdhk
ysñhka jevu l< tl fyd|hhs lshñka fya fomd
w;.dñka jekafoah˜ hs fodaIdfrdamKh l< y'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta wid —uyfKks" umq;a lÉpdhk

jeks NsCIQkag foúfhd;a úfYaI .reire olaj;s˜hs
mQ¾fjdala; .d:dj foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^94 .d:dj&

hiai bkaøshdks idrÓkd iqoka;d wiaid h:d iu:x

.;dks mySKudkiai wkdijiai ;dosfkd ;iai fojd
wms msyhka;s'

hiai( hul=f.a¦ bkaøshdks( b÷rka¦ idrÓkd(

r:dpdhœhd úiska¦ iqoka;d( uekúka oukh lrk
,o¦ wiaid( wYajhka¦ h:d( hïfia o¦ iu:x .;dks(
iu:hg .sfha o¦ mySKudkiai( udkh ÿrel<¦

y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 15

 ry;ayq wjuka nqyquka ueoy;a j ji;s' kskaod meiiqïys lïmd fkd fj;s'

95' mGùifud fkda úreÊCO;s uy fmdf<dj fuka iduldó

bkaoÇÆZmfud ;doS iqínf;d bkaøÇ,h fia wp, ù
ryfodZj wfm;loaofud ú,la fia msßisÿj fkd uvj
ixidrd k Njka;s ;dosfkd ^7(6& t;r fj;s iißka ry;a ù

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 f,dj mQcs; - ry;a pß;
7 ^6& iershq;a uy ry;ka jykafia f.a pß;h ^95 .d:dj&

w .%Y%djl idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia iy ;reK

ysñkula ksñ;s fldg foõrï fjfyr jev úiQ
jrola isÿ ù we;akï" Bg o iudj fok fialajd˜hs
mejiQ y' ta ÿgq NsCIQyq —n,kak" ießhq;a ysñhka ;=<
iufha oS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska fï .d:dj foaYkd ta NsCIQj flfrys wxY= ud;% jQ fyda wukdmhla ke;s
lrk ,oS' yeá' fï NsCIQj fndre kvqjla lshd ;ukag lrkakg
.sh wjudkh uq¿ukska u wu;l l< wdldrh mqÿuhs'
tla jiaidk iuhla wjidkfha msKavmd; pdßldfjl ta ú;rla o" ießhq;a yduqÿrefjda Wkajykafia bosßfha
fhfokq leu;s jQ ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia" oK;a .yf.k f.!rj;a lrkjd˜hs mejiQ y' Tjqka
nqÿrÿka neye oel je| kuialdr fldg wjir f.k f.a l;d ny wid oek.;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
ish wkaf;ajdisl NsCIQka o leáj ixpdrh msKsi —idßmq;a; jeks ukd .;s mej;=ï we;s whg fldam úh
kslauqKq fial' f;reka jykafia f.ka iuq.ekSug fkd yelsh' idßmq;a; ia:úrhkaf.a is; uy fmdf<dj
NsCIQyq meñK isáhy' kï f.d;a o;a ysñjreka iu. fuka h' meyeos,s msßisÿ osh we;s ú,la jeks h'˜ hs
Wka jykafia kñka wu;d l;d l< y' ta w;r úiQ tla jod< y'
kula ;udg o fm!oa.,sl kdufhka wu;d wdYs¾jdo
lrkq we;ehs n,d isáh o uy msßi ueo ießhq;a uy újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^95 .d:dj&
ry;ka jykafiag tu NsCIqj fk; .egqfKa ke;'
iqínf;d mGùifud fkd úreÊCO;s bkaoÇÆmfud
tfuka u ta NsCIQka jykafia f.a kï f.d;a ießhq;a ;doS ryfod bj wfm;loaofud ;dosfkd ixidrd k
ysñhka oek isáfha;a ke;' tfyhska ;ud kñka Njka;s'
wu;kq fkd ,eîfuka fodïkig m;a fyf;u —fjk;a
whg kñka l;d l<;a ug tfia l;d lf<a ke;˜ hs iqínf;d( ukd mej;=ï we;s ry;ka jykafia¦
f;reka flf¾ wd>d; ne| .;af;a h' tfia is;ñka mGùifud( uyd mDÓúh fuka¦ fkd úreÊCO;s(
isák w;r ießhq;a ysñhka Wka jykafia wi,ska hoaoS .egqï we;s lr fkd .kshs¦ bkaoÇÆmfud(
fkd oekqj;aj Wkajykafia f.a Öjrh fï ysñhka f.a bkaøÇ,hla ^fkd ief,k lKqjla& n÷j¦ ;doS(
wefÕys .eáKs' th ys;du;d l< fohlehs ms<s.;a ia:djr jQ¦ ryfod bj( ú,la fuka¦ wfm;loaofud(
tu NsCIQ ku uy;a fldamhg m;aj ießhq;a ysñhka uv ke;s¦ ;dosfkd( ry;ka jykafiag¦ ixidrd( iir
fodrgqfjka msg;a fjkjd;a iu.u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ieß ieÍï¦ k Njka;s( ke;'
yuq ù —Tn jykafia f.a w.%Y%djl moúh ,ndf.k
ießhq;a ysñhka fndfydu wdvïnr fj,d' ug .eyqjd ukd mej;=ï we;s ry;ka jykafia ñysl; fuka
mdrla" ;j fmdâfvka uf. lK;a mef,kjd' uf.ka lsis úfgl fkd lsfm;s' bkaøÇ,hla fuka fkd ie,S
iudj b,a¨fõj;a" lK.dgqhs lsõfõj;a ke;=j isá;s' uv ke;s ú,la fuka m%ikak mej;=ï we;s Wka
msKavmd; pdßldjlg msg;a jqKdZZ hs meñKs,s lf<a jykafia,dg iir ieß ieÍula ke;'
h' jyd u ießhq;a ysñ wdmiq le|jk fia Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia kshu l< y' újrKh

ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia ;u wkaf;ajdisl bkaøÇ,h( kï Yl%hd úiska isg jQ n, lKqjla fuka ;yjqre
fohls' bkaøÇ, kï wp, uyd lKq nj wgqjdj lshhs' fïjd k.r
NsCIQka jykafia,d o legqj wdmiq meñK Nd.Hj;=ka j, we;=<; fyda msg; bos lr;s' idudkHfhka fïjd .fvd,a fyda
jykafiag je| kuialdr l< y' fï NsCIq kug myr ,S j,ska wIagdY%dldr f,i ;k;s' fkd ief,k hula .ek Wmudjg
ÿkafka ljr fyhska oehs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia m%Yak fuh .kq ,nkafka tys ia:djr nj ksid h'
l< úg —uu Wkajykafiag myr fkd ÿkafkñ˜ hs
mjid Tyq fndre ldrhl= lrkq fjkqjg ;u mej;=ï ;dosfkd( ms%h foa flf¾ ne`oSula fyda wm%sh foa flf¾ oafõIhla
ke;s j ;yjqre j uOHia:j isáh yels kï th ;doS .=Kh hs' f,da
.ek wysxil úia;rhla l<y' ießhq;a ysñhka ;uka oyñka lïmd fkd fjk uy ry;ka jykafia,dg z;doSZ hs lsh;s'
jykafia f.a mej;=ï .ek lsh;a lsh;a u fndre
meñks,a, l< ysñ ku f.a is; lïmd úh'

fya nqÿmduq, jeà ;ud fndre meñKs,a,la l< nj;a

ießhq;a ysñ ;udg myr kqÿka nj;a lshd isáfha h'
ießhq;a ysñhka weu;+ nqÿrcdKka jykafia —idßmq;a;"
fï uq<d jQ NsCIq kug iudj fokak˜ hs jod< y' túg
tu NsCIQ ku bosßfha oE;a tla fldg oK .id .;a
ießhq;a ysñfhda —uu fï NsCIQka jykafiag iudj
foñ' fï NsCIQka jykafia;a uf.ka Wkajykafiag hï
y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 17
 ukdj oek ksù iekyqKq ry;ayq is;" ikaiqka h' jpkh yd lghq;= o ikaiqka h'

96' ika;x ;iai ukx fyd;s Tyq f.a is; ixjrh

ika;d jdpd p lïu p lh-jpk ixjrh
iïuo[a[d úuq;a;iai we;a; oek ksjqKq Tyq
Wmika;iai ;dosfkd ^7(7& uq¿ukska ixjr h

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wry;a f;rKqfjda - fj;s ixjr uekúka
7 ^7& fldiUE kqjr idufKar kuf.a l;dj ^96 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdu úydrfhys jev jdih l<

;:d.;hka jykafia fldiUE kqjr ;siai
f;reka jykafia f.a YsIH idufKar kula uq,a fldg
fhka msß is;ska hq;=j ;siai f;rKqfjda idufKarhka o
legq j nqÿrÿka yuqjg .shy'

fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial' —NsCIQj ish,a, hym;a j isÿ fõo@˜ hs nqÿka m%Yak l<
úg
fldiUE kqjr Okj;a mjq,l ;reKfhla iir
l<lsÍ nqÿ iiqfkys meúos úh' Wmiïmodj ,;a miq —ud mss<sn|j kï ish,a, hym;a hehs lsj yelsh'
Wkajykafia m%lg jQfha fldaiïìjdiS ;siai kñks' tfy;a fï wirK idufKar ku wdYap¾hh ckl h'
Wkajykafia fldiUE kqjr jia t<ô úg Wkajykafia ud w;ska fun÷ jrola isÿù u úiska iudj hosoaoS;a
f.a odhlhd ;=ka isjqre" .sf;,a" Wla yl=re jeks mQcd fufia lshhs'˜hs ish¨ úia;rh ie, lr isáfha h'
jia;= o /f.k wjq;a Wka jykafia f.a fomd uq, ;nd
je| —iajdóks" Tn jykafiag Wmia:dkhg idufKar ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —;siai" ish¨ wdijhka
kula ke;s fyhska udf.a mq;%hd Tn jykafia ,Õ ÿre l< W;=fuda ;ryla fyda ffjrhla lsisfia;a is;
meúos lrkq leue;af;ñ˜ hs mejiSh' ;siai ysñfhda ;nd fkd .ks;s˜ hs jodrd fï .d:dj foaYkd l<y'
o uy;a i;=áka th wkqu; l< y' ;u i;a yeúßos
mq;%hd le|jd f.k wd Wmdil ;ek —iajdókS" fudyq újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^96 .d:dj&
meúos lr .; uekje hs˜ lshd isáfha h'
iïud w[a[dh úuq;a;iai Wmika;iai ;dosfkd
orejd f.a ysi flia f;ud" ;p m[apl l¾uia:dk ukx ika;x fyd;s ;iai jdpd p lïux p ika;d'
b.ekajQ ;siai ysñfhda Tyq f.a ysi uqvq lrkakg mgka
.;ay' ysi flia lmkakg mgka .;a jyd u lugyka iïud( uekúka¦ w[a[dh( oek¦ úuq;a;iai(
jevQ orejd ry;a njg m;a úh' orejd meúos l< úuqla;sh ,o¦ Wmika;iai( WmYdka; jQ¦ ;dosfkd(
;siai f;rKqfjda ál oskla tys u jev ys| Nd.Hj;=ka ry;ka jykafia f.a¦ ukx( is;¦ ika;x fyd;s(
jykafia neye olskakg hkakg ;SrKh lr" idufKar Ydka; h¦ ;iai( Wkajykafia f.a¦ jdpd p( jpk o¦
ku ,jd wjYH ud¾f.damlrK f.kajd f.k .ukg lïux( l%shd o¦ ika;d( Ydka; h'
msg;a jQy' w;ru. oS wdrduhlg msúiqKq foku
tys kjd;eka .;a y' idufKar ku ldurhla ,oska p;=rdhœ i;Hh ukdj wjfndaO lr f.k úuqla;s
tys .=re ysñhkg wjYH ish,a, ilia l< y' .=re iqjh ,en ksù iekiqKq ry;ka jykafia f.a is;
ysñhkag kjd;eka ili;a oS ? fnda jQfhka ;udg Ydka;h' jpkh o Ydka; h' ls%hd o Ydka; h'
/h .; lrkakg ;ekla ms<sfh, lr .ekSu wmyiq
úh' tfyhska fyf;u .=re ysñhka f.a we| wi, noaO újrKh
mhœxlfhka jdä ù /h myka lf<a h'
ika;( hkafkka fuys woyia jkafka le,eöfuka yd wiykfhka
f;dr iekiqKq iajNdjhhs' ry;ka jykafia f,dal iajNdjh ukdj
miqod ysñosßfha msìÿKq .=re ysñfhda idufKar ku okakd fyhska ;ukag isÿjk ljr úm;l oS jqj o l,n,hg m;a
ldurfhka msg; hjkq leu;sj we| mfil ;snqKq fkd fj;s' is;" lh" jpkh hk ;%súO oajdrfhka u fuu msreKq"
úcsks m; f.k ñg me;a; idufKarhka isá me;a;g fïrE" fkd ief,k iajNdjh úoHudk fjhs'
.gd —idufKarfhks msg;g hkakehs˜ lSy' tfy;a
idufKar ku jdä ù isá fyhska úcsks m;a ñg jeoS
tla weila ;=jd, ù wkaO úh' ta fõokdj .ek
lsis;a fkd lS idufKarfhda ldurfhka msg;g .sh y'
wk;=rej l< hq;= yeu jev u tla w;lska wei jid
f.k l<y' bo, yd fldiai ;ks w;ska f.k w;=.Eï
l< y' .=re ysñhkag uqj fidaok osh yd oeyeá o~q o
ilid ;nd oeyeá o~q ms<s.kajk úg ;ks w;ska ms<s.
kajkakg isÿ jQ fyhska ;udg jQ yosh .ek t<s l< y'

ta weiQ ;siai f;ryq n,j;a lïmdjg m;a jQy' ;uka

fkd oekqj;a j l< jrola jqjo idufKar ku iud
lrjd .kakg Wka jykafia fm<eUqKy' —iñ÷ks" th
Tn jykafia f.a jrola j;a uf.a jrola j;a fkd fõ˜
hs mjiñka .=re ysñ iekiQ y' tfy;a oeä ixfõ.
y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 19
 weoys,s ke;s ksjK okak ioeis`o¨ bmeoau keiQ judrd oeuq wdid we;a;d W;=ï mqÍia h'

97' wiaioafOd wl;[aü p yer oud ieoeye is;a ,nd f.k ksjka fi;a
ikaêÉfPfod p fhd kfrd n|sk iirg ish`M is| oeuQ nkaOk;a
y;djldfid jka;dfid kid flf<iqka kj;ñka kej; bmÿu;a
i fj W;a;ufmdßfid ^7(8& isá;a kï hï flfkla W;=fulah Tyq ry;a

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 flf<ia u, keiqjfyd;a Tyq f,djg W;=ï fj;a
7 ^8& ießhq;a uy f;rekaf.a j; ^97 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia wrnhd
fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
fhd kfrd( hï lsis mqoa.,fhla¦ wiaioafOd( Y%oaOdj
wkjYH ;;a;ajhg m;a j isà o¦ wl;[aC¥
p( wl;j fyj;a úuqla;sh m%;HCI lf<a o¦
ikaêÉfPfod( ish`M ikaê ì| yf<a o¦ y;djldfid(
oskla jkjdiS ysñjre ;sia kula Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia kej; bmoSug we;s wjia:d w;a yf<a o¦ jka;dfid(
olakg meñK je| kuialdr fldg tl;amia j Wkay' ish¨ wdYdjka m%ySK lf<a o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ fj(
fï msßig ry;a M,h ,eîfï jdikdj mj;akd nj taldka;fhka¦ W;a;u fmdßfid( W;a;u mqreIfhla
osjeiska ÿgq nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ießhq;a ysñhka fjhs'
wu;d fufia jod< fial' —idßmq;a;" Y%oaOdfõ
iajrEmh kï" th we;s lr f.k jeä j¾Okh lr.;a hï lsis ;eke;af;la Y%oaOdfjka O¾uh ms<s.kakd
úg ks¾jdKdê.uhg fya;=jk nj;a" ks¾jdKdê. ;;a;ajfhka Tíng f.dia th m%;HCI {dkfhka oek
ufhka th ksu jk nj;a Tn úYajdi lrkjd o@˜ .;af;a kï" ks¾jdKh wjfndaO lr f.k we;akï"
kej; bmoSug we;s wjia:dj w;ayer oeó kï" ish¨
fï l%uhg .=Kdx. mxplhla iïnkaOfhka u flf<iqka ÿre lr yf<a kï" fyf;u W;a;ufhls'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia m%Yak l< y' thg ießhq;a
ysñhka f.a ms<s;=r jQfha —iajdóks" Y%oaOdj we;s újrKh
lrf.k jeä j¾Okh lsÍfuka ks¾jdKdê.uh isÿjk
nj;a" ks¾jdKdê.ufhka th fl<jr jk nj;a ud fï .d:dj zoyï .egZ kñka ckjyf¾ ye|skafjk m%fya,sld;aul
ffY,sfhka lrk ,o foaYkhls' weiQ muKska" jpkd¾:h ;=<ska
úYajdifhka ms<s.;a;la fkd j m%;HCI lr .;a;ls' tk wre; fkd j ú.%y lr o; hq;= wre;la tys fjhs' fuys
tfy;a iajdóks" fï lreK m%;HCI lr fkd .;a" tk jpk idudkH jyf¾oS fok w¾:h .d:dfjys oS fkd .;
úuqla;sh kqjKska mis| fkdo;a flfkl=g kï" tu hq;=h' wikakd úiauhg muqKqjd wk;=re j .eUqre wre;a fj;
lreK Y%oaOdfjka u ms<s.; hq;a;la fjhs˜ hkakhs' fufyhjk fu jeks z oyï .egZ fm!rdKsl wOHdmksl Wmdh
ud¾.hla fjhs'
fï weiQ we;eï NsCIQyq —idßmq;a; ia:úrhka ;ju;a wiaioafOda( hkak idudkH jpkd¾:hg wkqj Y%oaOdj ke;a;d" ñ:Hd
idjoH oDIaàka ÿr,d ke;s nj fmfka' wo mjd oDIaálhd hk f;areu fohs' tfy;a fuys fhdod we;af;a m%;HCI
Wkajykafia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a jpk úIfhys wjfndaOh we;s fyhska Y%oaOdfjka m%fhdackhla ke;s fyhska th
Y%oaOdfjka f;dr j l;d l< y'˜ hs l;sld l< y' yer oeuQ ;eke;a;d i|yd h' Y%oaOdj fyj;a úYajdih wjYH
ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" Tn fufia jkafka m%;HCI wjfndaOh ke;akï muKs'
m%ldY lrkafka ljr fyhska o@ ud idßmq;a; wl;[aCÿ( hkafka idudkH w¾:h lD;{;dj ke;s" l<.=K fkd
ia:úrhka fj;ska mxp úO .=Kdx.hka j¾Okh fkd ;lk ;eke;a;d hkak hs' fuys oS fhdod we;af;a ^w-l;-w[a[&
lr wOHd;añl Ydka;sh yd úuqla;sh ,o yels oehs lsisjl= úiska ks¾udKh l< fohla fkd jk ks¾jdKh ^wl;&
m%Yak l< úg" tajd m%.=K fkd fldg wOHd;añl mila lr .ekSu woyia fjhs'
Ydka;sh yd úuqla;sh ,o fkd yels nj idßmq;a;
ia:úrfhda m%ldY l< y'

wk;=rej odkdoS l=Y, l¾uhka f.a úmdlh .ek

yd nqoaOdoS W;=uka f.a fY%aIaG;ajh .ek Tn fj;
Y%oaOdjla ke;aoehs m%Yak lf<ñ' fïjd ienE jYfhka
u idßmq;a; ia:úrhka Y%oaOdfjka ms<s.;a foa fkd j
;uka úiska u m%;HCI {dkfhka h:d¾: o¾Ykfhka
m%;HCI lr .;a foa h' Wka jykafia ;ud u ud¾.
M,dê.uh fldg h:dN+; {dk o¾Ykh ,nd úuqla;s
iqL úkaokh lrñka jdih lrk fyhska Y%oaOdj
ms<sn| m%Yakhla yg fkd .kshs' tfyhska ießhq;a
f;rKqjkag ks.%y lsÍu hqla;s iy.; fkd fjhs˜ hs
lreKq meyeos,s lr fï .d:dj foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^97 .d:dj&

fhd kfrd wiaioafOd wl;[aü p ikaêÉfPfod

y;djldfid jka;dfid p fid fõ W;a;u fmdaßfid'

y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 21

 ry;=ka jykafia,d .fuys" jkfhys ksïkfhys fyda f.dv fjfi;;a ta ìï fmfoi b;d is;al¨ h'

98' .dfu jd hos jdZr[af[ .ula fyda jkhla

kskafk jd hos jd :f, ksïkhla fyda lkaola
h;a: wrykaf;d úyrka;s ry;=ka jdihla
;x N+ñx rdufKhHlx ^7(9& kï is;a wok mshila

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jdih ksflf,ia W;=uka - mskjhs yeu is;a ks;sfhka
7 ^9& f¾j; ysñhka f.a l;dj ^98 .d:dj&

L osrjksh f¾j; ysñhka wern jod< fï .d:dj

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska jodrk ,oafoa foõrï
fjfyr jev úiQ iufha h'
úYdLd Wmdisldj f.a ksjfiys oka ms<s.;a y' oka
j<|d wjik úYdLdj f¾j; ysñhka úiQ Losr ^lsysß&
jkh ruH oehs úuiQ úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï
.d:dj foaYkd lr jod< y'
f¾j; ysñfhda idßmq;a; ysñhka f.a nd, fidfydhqrd
jQ y' ießhq;a ysñhka f.a fidfydhqre fidfydhqßhka újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^98 .d:dj&
w;r wjika jrg .sysf.hska kslauqfKa f¾j; h' Tyq
muKla .sys osúfha b;sß j isá iufhys foudmsfhda .dfu jd hos wr[af[ jd" kskafk jd hos :f, jd
Tyqg újdyhla lr fokakg fndfyda jEhï l< y' h;a: wrykaf;d úyrka;s" ;x N+ñx rdufKhHlx
flfia fyda Tyqg .e,fmk hqj;shla fidhd.;a Tjqyq
újdy ux.,H W;aijh o ie,iqï l< y' .dfu jd( .ul fyda¦ hos( ke;fyd;a¦ wr[af[ jd(
wdrKHhl fyda¦ kskafk jd( my;a ìul fyda¦ hos(
újdy ux., oskfha oS tys meñK isá" tlish úis ke;fyd;a¦ :f, jd( l`ÿ uqÿkl fyda¦ h;a:( hï
yeúßos ldka;djla ÿgq fyf;u ish¨ ldka;djka ta ;efkl¦ wrykaf;d( ry;ka jykafia,d¦ úyrka;s(
;;a;ajhg m;ajk nj fufkys lr lï iqjfhys jdih lr;a o¦ ;x N+ñx( ta ìu¦ rdufKhHlx( is;a
l<lsrefKah' tfyhska újdyh mfil ;nd m,d .kakd iq¨ h'
.sh fyf;u wi, jQ úydria:dkhlg f.dia meúoao
b,a,d isáfha h' úydria:dkfhys úiQ ysñjreka ;sia .ul fyda wdrKHhl fõjd ;eks;,djl fyda l`ÿ
kug ;u fidfydhqre yuq jQ úgl Tyq meúos lrk uqÿkl fõjd" ´kEu ;ekl uy ry;ka jykafia
fia ießhq;a ysñhka úiska l,a ;nd Wmfoia oS ;snqK fjfi;a kï" ta ;ek ruKSh h'
fyhska f¾j; jyd u meúos lrk ,oS'
újrKh
meúoao ,;a f¾j; idufKarfhda úydrjdiS NsCIQka
jykafia fj;ska l¾uia:dk ,nd f.k fhdÿka ;syla wry;a( ry;ka jykafia kï wdhœ mqoa.,hka w;ßka ry;a ud¾.
M, ,;a W;a;ufhda h' fidajdka" ilod.dó" wkd.dó yd uy ry;a
wE; msysá lsysß jkhg f.dia Ndjkd jvkakg mgka hk ud¾.ia: yd M,ia: mqoa.,hka jYfhka wdhœ mqoa.,fhda wg
.;a y' jia ld,h wjika j;a u f¾j; ysñfhda ry;ka fofkla fj;s' ud¾.fhys /|S isàula ke;s j weis,a,lska u M,hg
jykafia kula njg m;a jQy' m;a jk fyhska fï mqoa.,hka hq., jYfhka f.k zp;a;dß mqßi
hq.dksZ jYfhka o ie,lSu isß;h' wNsO¾uhg wkqj ud¾.h jQ
;u fidfydhqrdKka olakg Losrjkhg hdu i|yd l,S i;r M,hkag m;a ùug fmr we;s Ñ;a;CIKh muKls' ksjka
wruqKq lr f.k wksÉp" ÿlaL yd wk;a; ms<sn|j ,nk úo¾Ykd
idßmq;a; ysñfhda ;:d.;hka jykafia fj;ska wjir [dKfhys M,hla jYfhka flkl= ;=< CIKsl j yg .kakd
b,a,d isáh y' ;uka jykafia o tys hdug leu;s nj wdOHd;añl mßj¾;khla fufia kï lr we;' B,Õ CIKfhys
m< l< nqÿyq ießhq;a ysñhka yd isj,S ysñhka we;=`M jyd u M, is; yg.kakd nj oelafjhs' we;eï fmd;a j, wIaGdhœ
fndfyda NsCIQka jykafia o iu. tys jevu l< y' mqoa.,hkg w;sf¾l j zf.da;%N+Z kï jk jk wdhœ mqoa.,hl=
ms<sn|j o oelafjhs'
.uk oS¾> tlla úh' ud¾.h ÿIalr jQ w;r w;r
u. t;rï ckdlS¾K o fkd ùh' tfy;a ix>hd
jykafia,d msßjrd jäk nqÿrÿka f.a iqj myiqj .ek
is;+ foújre fhdÿkla mdid wdrdu ujd wdydrmdkdosh
o ie,iQ y' osklg fhdÿk ne.ska ud¾.h o msßisÿ lr
iu lr ;enQ y' nqÿrÿka iymsßjßka meñfKk nj
o;a f¾j; idufKar ysñfhda o Wkajykafia ms<s.ekSu
i|yd iQodkï jQy' ;u iDoê n,fhka nqÿrÿka i|yd
úfYaI .|ls<shla o wksl=;a ysñjreka i|yd wdjdi>r
mkaishhla o ujd ish¨ iqj myiqlï ms<sfh, fldg
;enQ y'

f¾j; ysñhka f.a wdrdufhys úfõl iqjfhka jev

isá nqoaOm%uqL ix>r;akh wdmiq fÊ;jkdrduhg
iïm%dma; jQfha o fmr fuka u osklg fhdÿk ne.ska
md .ukska uh' uila wjik ieje;a kqjr kef.kysr
msysá mQ¾jdrduhg jevu l< Wka jykafia,d wk;=rej
y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 23
 mqyqÿka wh fkd wef,k is;al¨ jkfhys ry;ayq wef,;s' t ;=fuda lï iem fijqïys wdid ke;af;dah'

99' ruKShdks wr[a[dks ruKSh jk .yK

h;a: k ru;S cfkd fkdmskjk okka uk
ù;rd.d rfuiaika;s úrd.S is;a woshs
k f;a ldu.fõisfkd ^7(10& lï iqfjka je<l=fKka

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 úrd.S is; - woshs jk fm;
7 ^10& tla hqj;shl f.a j; ^99 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

tla;rd fkdirema mej;=ï we;s ia;s%hla uq,a
lrf.k fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^99 .d:dj&

h;a: cfkd k ru;S ruKShdks wr[a[dks ù;rd.d

rfuiaika;s f; ldu.fjisfkd k
tla;rd msKavmd;sl f;r kula Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
fj;ska lugyka f.k njqka jvkq msKsi md¿jg h;a:( hï ;ekl" cfkd( fmdÿ ckhd" k ru;s(
.sh WoHdkhlg jevu l< y' tiufhys tla ;=reKq fkd wef,;a o" ruKShdks( ruKSh jQ" wr[a[;s(
fjiÕkla tu jkfhys oS yuqfjuqhs lsishï mqoa.,hl= ^tn÷& jkdka;r" ù;rd.d( ù;rd.Syq" rfuiaika;s(
yd .súif.k Tyq tk fõ,djg tys f.dia n,d isáhd weiqre lr;s" f;( Tjqyq" ldu.fõisfkd( lï iqj
h' tfy;a lsishï fya;=jla ksid .súi.;a fõ,djg fidhkafkda" k( fkd fj;s'
Tyq fkd meñKs fyhska fodïkig m;a ´ Whfkys ta
fï w; weúosñka isáhd h' fmdÿ ckhd jkdka;r j, jdihg m%sh fkd fj;s'
tfy;a tn÷ ruKSh wdrKHj,g ù;rd.S W;=fuda m%sh
;=re fijkl njqka jvkq msKsi m<Õla ne| jev fj;s' Wka jykafia,d ldudiajdoh fidhkafkda fkd jk
isá ;reK ysñ ku ÿgq ´ f;dfuda —fï;a msßñfhla fyhsks'
fkdfõ o@ fudyq f.a is; wjos fldg fmd<Ujd
.ksñ˜hs is;d ysñ kug fmfkk mßos ysi flia lvd újrKh
lvd kej; nekaodh' weh fufia lrk úg ysñ ku
jk.ykhg m%sh jk ry;ka jykafia,d ish¨ flf<iqka uqod
f.a fk;a ta foi ne|sKs' weh f.a isrer;a iskyj;a
y< fyhska lïiqj fkd m;;s' l< hq;= ish,a, ksu lr ish¨ nr
±l ;uka .; msìfok nj Wkajykafiag oeksKs' —fï mfil ;nd ieye,a¨ is;ska jik ry;ka jykafia,d w¨;ska l¾u
fjkafka l=ula oe˜hs Wkajykafia úu;shg m;a jQy' /ia lsÍula fkd lr;s' kej; Wm;la o fkd ,n;s'

fï w;r;=r Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —lugyka f.k njqka ry;ka jykafia,d ;u YsCIKh uq¿ukska u ksujd m%;sM, o
jvuehs msg;a j .sh NsCIqkug l=ula ùo@˜ hs is;ñka idCId;a lrf.k fjfik fyhska ;jÿrg;a YsCIKh wkjYHhs
hk wre;ska z wfiLZ jYfhka y`ÿkajkq ,efí' fida;dm;a;s M,fha
nqÿ weiska n,d jodrk fiala tu hqj;sh f.a Ndj Ndj
isg ry;a nj olajd isák wê.u ,dNSka ;j ÿrg;a YsCId ud¾.
,S,djka oel ysñku f.a is; úms<sir jkq oel .;ay' fhys fYaIhka we;s fyhska z fiLZ fia ye|skafjhs' msßksjka
;uka jykafia ta NsCIQjg fmfkk mßos wêIaGdkhla mdkakg fmr u ks¾jdKsl mQ¾jdiajdohla ,nkakg ry;ka
l< nqÿrcdKka jykafia is; md,kh lr .; yels jykafia,dg bv ;sfí' ksfrdaO iudm;a;s iqjh fia yeoskafjkafka
mßos O¾fudamfoaY ,nd ÿka y' wk;=rej NsCIQka wu;d thhs'
fï .d:dj o jod< y'

y;ajk mrsÉfPaoh ( wryk; j.. 25

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î'O¾uodi mshdKkag
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mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
î¡ mqIamdkS Ou_,;d
î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 wjev isÿjk jpk oyilg jvd ixis`oSug fya;= jQ tl jpkhlÿ b;d W;=ïh¡

100¡ iyiaiums fp jdpd jevlg ke;s jpk

wk;a:moixys;d tla oylg;a jeäfhka
tlx w;a:mox fifhHd wid is; iekfik
hx iq;ajd Wmiïu;s ^8(1& tl jpkhla uy`.=hs'

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wf.hs tla jok;a - is;g iekiqu f.fkf;d;a
8 ^1& ;ïnodÀlf.a mqj; ^100 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fidreka >d;kh lrk jOlhd jQ
úuiQ y' ;ïnodÀl cSú; ld,hla mõlï lrñka
cSj;a jqj o wjika fudfydf;a idßmq;a; uy f;reka
;ïnodÀl ksñ;s fldg fï .d:dj jod< fial' fj;ska nK wid wkqf,dau [dKh ,;a fyhska ñh .sh
miq ;=is; foõf,dj Wmka nj Wkajykafia m%ldY
;ïnodÀl kue;a;d rcq hgf;a mKia mia jirla l< y' fun`ÿ mõldr mqoa.,fhla tl u O¾u
jOlhd f,i fiajh lf<a h' uy`M úhg m;a jQ miq foaYkdjla muKla wid fï id úYd, hym;la
fidrl= f.a ysi tla lvq myßka is| oukakg neß isÿ lr .kafka flfia oehs NsCIQyq úu;sh m<
;;ajhg fya m;a úh' tfyhska Tyqg úY%du .kakg l< y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj jodf<a ta
isÿ úh' ksñ;af;ks'

úY%du .kakd oskfha ;ukag wkqNj lsÍu msKsi ñysß úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^100 .d:dj&
lsß le|la Wjukd nj fya lshd isáfha h' ta wkqj
Tyqg rij;a lsß le|la ms<sfh, lrk ,oS' ;u merKs wk;a:mo ixys;d jdpd fp iyiaix wms hx iq;ajd
we`ÿï o /f.k msÉp u,a yd iqj| ú,jqka o /.;a Wmiïu;s tlx w;a: mox fifhHd'
fyf;u .`.g f.dia kd msßisÿ ù we`ÿï we|f.k
u,a ud,hla me<`o .;af;a h' w; mh f;,a .d id;a;= wk;a: mo ixys;d( jevlg ke;s mo j,ska hq;a¦
lr .;af;a h' ksjig f.dia iqj myiq mßos ys|f.k jdpd( foaYk¦ fp( boska¦ iyiaix wms( oyila ;snqfKa
lsßle| mdkhg ieriqKd muKs' ießhq;a uyry;ka jqj o¦ hx iq;ajd( hula Y%jKh fldg¦ Wmiïu;s(
jykafia jOlhd f.a ksjfiys fodrlv fmkS isá is; Ydka;shg m;a fõo¦ tlx w;a: mox( tn`ÿ tlu
fial' ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia ÿgq ;ïnodÀl w¾:j;a moh¦ fifhHd( Bg jvd W;=ï fjhs'
Wkajykafia ksji ;=<g jvujd wiqkl jvd ys`ÿjd
md;%hg lsßle| ms<s.ekaù h' ta u; .sf;,a iaj,amhla jevlg ke;s ksire lshqï we;=<;a foiqï oyilg
o j;a lf<a h' Wkajykafia th j<|k ;=re <`.ska jvd udkisl Ydka;sh Wodlrk tlu foaYkhla jqj o
isgf.k mjka i,kakg mgka .;af;a h' j<`od ksu jQ fYa%IaG fjhs'
miq ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia Tyqg O¾u foaYkd
lrkakg mgka .;a y' tfy;a ta i|yd is; tl`. újrKh
lr .kakg ;ïnodÀl iu;a fkd ùh' rc;=ud ,`.
jOlhd jYfhka fiajh lroaoS oskm;d l< ukqIH wk¾: mo ixys;d( l;d ny kï Wiia udkisl idOk i|yd wod,
fkdjk ksire m%,dm l;d h' wgqjd j, tn`ÿ ksire l;d f,i
>d;k Tyq f.a isyshg ke`.sKs' wyi" fmdf<dj" br" y`o" ;re" WoHdk" c,dY" uOqmdfkda;aij" m%sh
iïNdIK wdosh .ek flfrk foveú,s kï lr we;' fm< fmd;a
Tyq m;aj we;s wmyiqj f;areï .;a ießhq;a ysñfhda j, i`oyka rdc l:d" fpdar l:d" uyd uÉp l:d" fiakd l:d" Nh
foaYkh kj;d Tyqf.ka m%Yakhla weiQ y' —Tn l:d" hqoaO l:d wdosh o fun`ÿ ksire l;d fj;s'
jOlhd jYfhka >d;kh lf<a Tfí Wjukdjg
o ke;fyd;a rc wKg lSlre ùula jYfhka o@˜
Bg ms<s;=re foñka ;ïnodÀl —ug Tjqka urkakg
is;=ú,a,la fkdùh' yqfola rc;=ud wK l< fyhska u
tfia lf<ñ˜ hs mejiS h' —tfia kï" Tn Bg jrolre
o" ksjrolre o@˜ —uu jeros lrefjla fkd fjñ˜ hs
mejiQ ;ïnodÀlg ixiqkaj nK weiS h'

Wkkaÿfjka nK weiQ fyhska fyf;u fidajdka u`.g

b;d wdikakfhys jQ wkqf,dau [dKh ,eîh' O¾u
foaYkfhka miq ál ÿrla ießhq;a ysñhkag miq .uka
l< ;ïnodÀl u`.oS wdmiq yeÍ ksji n,d msg;a úh'
tfy;a ksjig ,`.d jkakg fmr t<fokl= úiska wek
Tyq urd oukq ,eìK'

ikaOHdfjys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia oï ind uKavmhg

jevu l< úg NsCIQyq ;ïnodÁl f.a urKh .ek
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oekqï ÿka y' Tyq urKska u;=
Wmkafka fldysoehs NsCIQyq nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.ka
wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 7
 wjev iys; mofhka hq;= jq .d:d oyilg jvd iekiSug fya;= jQ tla .d:d mohl=ÿ W;=ï h¡

101¡ iyiaiums fp .d:d tlaodylg;a by,ska

wk;a:mo ixys;d yrhla ke;s .d:djka
tlx .d:d mox fifhHd ;snqK;a is; lrk myka
hx iq;ajd Wm iïu;s ^8(2& tlla wf.a we; jeäfhka

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 yr we;s .d:d tlla - mrohs yr ke;s oyla
8 ^2& ndysh odreùßh jD;a;dka;h ^101 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ndysh odreùßh f;reka jykafia
wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
úg iqj`ola oefkk nj muKla is;kak' rihla osjg
oefkk úg rihla osjg oefkk nj muKla is;kak'
iam¾Yhla .;g oefkk úg iam¾Yhla nj muKla
is;kak' is;g is;sú,a,la tk úg is;sú,a,la kef`.k
fj<`o msßila keõ ke`.S fj<`odï msKsi iuqÿre nj f;areï .kak'˜ hs jod< y' fï foiqu wid isá
;rKhg kslauqK y' uy uqyqo ueooS kej ì`oS jekiS ndysh ry;a M,h ,oafoa h'
tla wfhla yer wka ish,af,dau ñh .sh y' fya kefõ
,E,a,la u;g ù mdù f.dia iqmamdrl kï f;dgg ry;a nj ,o ndyshg meúos jkakg reÑhla we;s úh'
f.dv neiafia h' f.dv ìug md jk úg ish`M we`ÿï tfy;a isjqre msßlr fkd jQfhka tajd imhd .ekSug
wysñj ksrej;aj isá fyhska fyf;u .iaj, fmd;= fya msg;aj .sfha h' tfy;a u.oS t<fokl úiska wkskq
.,jd úhd ú,s jid .kakg we`ÿula ;kd .;af;a h' ,en fya ñh .sfha h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iy NsCIQka
wdydr ,nd .ekSug iqÿiq n`ÿkla o fidhd .;a fya jykafia,d oka j<`od wdmiq jäk úg ndysh l=Kq
ñksiqkg fmfkk ;ekl ys`o f.k isáfha h' ta ÿgq f.dvla wi, ueÍ jeà isákq Wkajykafia,d f.a fk;
iuyre ;jqfilehs is;d je`o mqod le`o n;ska ix.%y .eáKs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a Wmfoia mßos NsCIQyq
l< y' iuyreka Tyqg we`ÿï fokakg jEhï l< o u< isrer wdodyk lr NIaudjfYaI ksoka lr iEhla o
fya tajd m%;slafIam lf<a idudkH we`ÿï we`o .;fyd;a ;ekjQ y' foõrï fjfyr oïind uKavmfha oS ndysh
;uka g ,efnk mqo ie,ls,s wvq fj;ehs ìfhks' ñh .sfha ry;ka jykafia kula jYfhka nj m%ldY
iuyreka Tyq ry;ka jykafia kula f,i y`ÿkajkq l< nqÿrcdKka jykafia blauKska O¾udjfndaOh
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.ia fmd;= j,ska ;ekQ jia;%hla ork fyhska Tyqg jykafia,dg —ud Tyqg u.oS foiQ jpk lsysmh wid
ndysh odreùßh hk ku jHjydr jkakg mgka fyf;u uy u`. ueo u ry;a ùh˜ hs jod< Wka
.;af;a h' jykafia w¾:iïmkak tla jpkhla jqj;a w¾: úrys;
jpk oyilg jvd w.kd nj fï .d:dfjka foaYkd
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—ndysh" Tn ry;a ù ke;' ry;a kula fj; ;sìh
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jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ms<sn`o ish`M f;dr;=re
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.d:d( .d:djka¦ iyiaix wms( oyila jqj¦ fp(
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f;fï Wkajykafia NsCIQka msßjrd ms`vq is`.d hkq oel iekfia o ^tn`ÿ&¦ tlx .d:dmox( tlu .d:dmoh¦
miq miska .sfha h' ;ukag O¾u foaYkdjla lrkakehs fifhHd( jvd W;=ï h'
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fudfydf;a wk;=rla fõ oehs wms fkd oksuq' tfyhska
mud fkd lr ug oekau u oyula foikq uekúZZ hs újrKh
odreùßh b,a,d isáfha h' fhdÿka tlish úiaila tla
.d:d kñka y`ÿkajkafka md,s NdIdfjka lrk ,o moH iajrEmS
/hlska f.jd meñK oeä fjfyig m;aj isá ndysh m%nkaO h' isxy,fhka fïjd .S fyda lú jYfhka ye`oskaúh
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jykafiag wjYH úh' tfy;a ndysh os.ska os.gu wjia:d o fjhs' tfia lrkafka w¾:hg uq,a ;ek oSu fya;=fjks'
wdhdpkd lrkakg jQfhka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia u. kjx. idikfhka tla wx.hla f,i .d:d olajd we;' Oïumoh
o .d:duh O¾u .%ka:hls' idudkHfhka .d:djlg mo y;rla
kej;S —ndysh" rEmhla Tfí fk; .efgk úg rEmhla we;;a¦" b`oysg mo yhla we;s wjia:d o olakg ,efí'
osiajk nj muKla is;kak' Yíohla lK jeflk úg
Yíohla wefik nj muKla is;kak' iqj`ola oefkk
wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 9
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102¡ fhd fp .d:d i;x Ndfi iShla .ehqj;a yr ke;s

wk;a:moixys;d .d:d lsis jevlg ke;s
tlx Oïumox fifhHd tl .d:djla yr we;s
hx iq;ajd Wmiïu;s' ^8(3& W;=ïh bka is;a iekfy;s'

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mo oyï - fõ W;=ï
8 ^3& l=Kav,flaiS f;rKsh f.a j; ^102" 103 .d:d&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ ;:d.;hka jykafia fï

.d:d hq.auh foaYkd lr jodf<a l=Kav,flaiS
hk oskfhys —fid`ÿr" Tfí kEoE lsisjl= kdjdg lï
ke;' Tn;a uu;a ;ksj f.dia fï ndrh Tmamq lruq' Tn
NsCIqKsh wrnhd h' f.a w.kd u wdNrK me<`o .ksuq'˜ hs fyf;u mejiS h'
isgq oshKsh o ta wkqj u ieriqKd h' Tjqyq b;d i;=áka
rc.y kqjr tla isgqjrhl=g fidf<dia yeúßos oshKshla úfkdaofhka fpdarmín;h ke`. .;a y' tfy;a l`ÿ
jQjd h' w;sYhska rEm iïmkak jQ olskakka f.a uk uqÿfkys oS fidrd wuq;= ñksfila njg m;a úh' —ug fï
n`osk iq`M jQjd h' foudmsfhda weh i;a uy,a mdhl by, mQcdjia;= j,ska m,la ke;' ud jQ ndrhl=;a ke;'˜ hs fya
u uyf,a r`ojd odishla o iu. ish`M iem iïm;a oS mejiS h'
fmdaIKh l< y' tiufhys tla fidfrla fidrlfï
f.dia rdcmqreIhka úiska w,a,d .kq ,en urKSh —tfia kï ud fuys le`ojdf.k wdfha l=ug o iajdókS@˜
oKavkhg kshu lrk ,oafoa h' Tyq f.a w;a msgqmig hs ´ úuiqjd h' —;S urd oud wdnrK ish,a, o /f.k
;nd ne`o y;rux ykaos j,oS li myr foñka urd m,d hkakg h˜ NS;shg m;a isgq oshKsh —ysñhks" uf.a
oeóu msKsi f.k hñka ;sìK' uy u. l,n, y`v wnrK ish,a,;a" ud;a fï yefullau;a Tnf.a uh'
weiQ isgq oshKsh u;= uyf,a isg ta l=ulaoehs ne¨jd tfia ;sìh oS Tn fï l=ula lshkafka oehs˜ úuiqjd h'
h' fp!rhd f.a wdfrday mßKdy iïmkak is;a w,jk h<s h<s;a Tyqg lreKq lshñka f;areï lrkakg W;aiy
fmkqu oel weh is; ;=< we,aula we;s úh' fl;rï l< o Tyq os.g u lshd isáfha weh urd oeñh hq;=
oeä f,i weh f.a is; ne`ÿkd o h;a ´ f;dfuda nj h' —ud urd oeófuka we;s m%fhdackh l=ula o@ fï
lEu îu m%;slafIam lrñka wef`oys je;=reKd h' —ud wdNrK ish,a, /f.k ud uqod yßkak˜ hs ´ wdhdpkd
oshKshks" wehs fï@˜ hs uj úpd< úg —urd oukq msKsi l<d h' wka;sfï oS Tyq fj; ;snqKq we,au ÿre l<
f.k hkq ,nk ;reKhd ,fod;a muKla cSj;a fjñ' l=Kav,flaiS fufia is;=jd h' —fï fudk ÿIag jevla
ke;fyd;a fï cSú;fhka m%fhdackhla ke;' fkdld o@ fldfydu jqK;a" kqjKla lshd fohla wmg ,eî
fkdî ñh hkafkñ˜ hs lSjd h' lsis wiqrlska oshKsh ;sfnkafka Whdf.k lkakg u fkdfõ' mkskakg fmr
ikikakg wiu;a jQ uj fu mj;a isgqjrhdg oekaù h' is;d ne,sh hq;=h'

fjk l< hq;a;la ke;s ;ek fyf;u lyjKq oyila úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^102 .d:dj&
rdcmqreIhkg w,a,ia oS fidrd fírd .;af;a h' Tyq
fjkqjg fjk;a whl= urd ouk ,oS' isgqjrhd fidrdg fhd wk;a:mo ixys;d .d:d i;x Ndfi p hx iq;ajd
;u oshKsh újdy lr ÿkafka h' isgq oshKsh o Tyq f.a Wmiïu;s tlx Oïumox fifhHd'
wdorh oskd .kq msKsi oskm;d mshlrej ieriS" úis;=re
we`ÿï we`o" w.kd wdNrK me<`o Tyqg fifkyi fhd( hïlsis flfkla¦ wk;a:mo ixys;d( ksr¾:l
olajkakS h' wdydr mdk wdosh o m%KS; f,i ilid m%ldY we;=<;a¦ .d:d( .d:d¦ i;x( ishhla¦ Ndfia p(
ish;ska u ms<s.kajkakS h' tfy;a fidr ;reKhd ks;r lshqj o¦ hx( hula¦ iq;ajd( wid¦ Wmiïu;s( iekis,a,
u l,amkd lf<a isgq oshKsh urd oud weh f.a w.kd ,efí o¦ tlx Oïumox( tjka tla Oïumohla¦ fifhHd(
wdNrK o /f.k m,d hk l%uhls' —ueh urd wdNrK Bg jeäfhka W;=ï h'
/f.k m,d f.dia fyd`o rd fmd,lska iqrd mdkh lr
úfkdao fjñ˜ hs is;+ fya Wml%uhla is;d f.k wdydr hïlsis flfkla ksIaM, lreKq we;=<;a .d:d oyila
mdkdosh fkd f.k we`og ù isáfha h' mdvï lrf.k .dhkd l< o" Bg jvd wikakd f.a is;
ikik tl O¾u mohla jqj o fY%aIaG h'
—ysñhks Tn wikSmfhka o@˜ hs ´ úuiqjd h' —ke;
fid`ÿr˜' —tfia kï uf.a foudmshka f.ka jrola
jQjd o@˜ —ke;' Tjqkaf.ka jrola fkdù h'˜ —tfia
kï" m%Yakh l=ula o iajdókS@˜ —fid`ÿr" ud tod w;a
ne`o urkakg f.k hoaoS ud osú .e,jqjfyd;a bgq
lrkafkuehs fpdarmín;fhys foaj;djdKkg ndrhla
jqfKñ' ud osú .e,jqfKa;a Tn jeks ìß`ola ,enqfKa;a
foaj lreKdfjka uh' b;ska ud ta ndrh bgq l< hq;= h'
ta .ek is;d ;efjñ˜' —ysñhks" th ;efjkakg lreKla
fkd fõ' Wjukd ljr mQcd jia;=oehs ug lshkak' wms ta
ndrh Tmamq lruq˜ hs ´ lSjd h'lsßn;a" ómeKs" ,o mia
u,a jeks foa iQodkï lrkakehs iajdñhd lS fyhska isgq
oshKsh ta ish,a, bgq l<d h' Tjqka ndrh bgqlrkakg
wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 11
 oi ,Ëhla fik. mrojd hqofhys oskqug jvd hfula tl u ;ud oskkafka kï W;=ï h¡

103' fhd iyiaix iyiafik oyila jr oyila fok

iÙ.dfï udkqfia ðfka oskqj;a ñksiqka igksk
tl[a p fchH w;a;dkx Wiia fkdfjhs ;uka oskk
i fj iÙ.ducq;a;fud ^8(4& ;rï" thhs W;=ï igk

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W;=ï oskqu ;uka oskqu
8 ^3& l=Kav,flaiS f;rKsh f.a j; ^102 yd 103 .d:d&

fï ÿIag ñksydf.ka .e,fjk l%uhla fhdod .;

hq;= h'˜ —iajdñ mqreIhdfKks" Tnj jO fnr
jhñka msá;, yhd ne`o urkakg f.k hk fudfydf;a
iQodkï o@˜ —tfia h ke`.Ksh" uu iQodk
;ud W.;a O¾u m%Yak oyiu ´ ießhq;a ysñhkaf.ka
úuiQjd h' ta ish,a,g u Wka jykafia id¾:l ms<s;=re
oS uu uf.a foudmshkag lshd lyjKq oyila oS Tn ÿka y' wk;=rej idßmq;a; ysñfhda —ke`.Ksh uu Tng
fírd .;sñ' ta Tng we;s jQ wdorh ksid h' uu Tng ta id¾:lj ms<s;=re ÿkafkñ' uf.a tlu tl m%Yakhg
Wmldrh lf<ñ' wo fï cSú;fha wjika fudfydf;a Tn Tn ms<s;=re fokak˜ hs mejiQy' —wikak iajdókS" uu
ug o Wmldrhla l< uekú' ug Tn;=ud m%oCIsKd lr úi`oñ˜ weh tfia mjid tl`. jQfhka ießhq;a ysñfhda
je`o ñhhkakg bv fokq uekeú˜ hs ´ b,a,d isáhd h' —tl kï l=ula o˜ hs úuiQ y'

—losuhs" fid`ÿr" Bg bv foñ˜ hs fidrd Bg bv ms<s;=re fkd o;a ´ —ta l=ula o iajdókS˜ hs f;reka
ÿkafka h' ta jk úg Tjqka isáfha m¾j;fhys uqÿfka jykafiaf.ka úuiQ y' —ke`.Ksh" fuh nqÿrcdKka
u m%dka;fha h' —ysñhks fï uf.a wka;su fudfyd;h' jykafia f.a m%Yakhls˜ hs ießhq;a ysñfhda jod< y'
woska miq Tfí m%sh o¾Ykh ug fkd ,efí' ug Tn —ug ms<s;=rla lshd ÿk uekú iajdókS˜ hs ´ wheo
wdorfhka ism je<`o .ekaug bv fokak˜ hs lshñka ´ isáhd h' —Tn meúos jkakg leu;s kï lshd foñ˜
Tyq bosßfhka ism f.k miq miska o ism .ksñka yssá —fyd`ouhs iajdókS uu meúos jkafkñZZ hs weh tl`.
yeáfha u Tyq m¾j;fhka my,g ;,a¨ lr oeïud h' jQfhka ießhq;a ysñfhda weh fufyKjrg hjd meúos
lkafoka my<g fmr<S .sh fidrd lv lv ù f.dia ñh lrjQ y' NsCIQKS Ydikhg we;=`Mj O¾uh bf.k
.sfha h' wk;=rej ´ f;dfuda mßn%dcldrduhlg f.dia osk lsysmhlska u ry;a jQ ´ f;dfuda Wmiïmodj o
meúos jQjd h' ,nd l=Kav,flaid NsCIQKsh jYfhka m%lg jQjdh'
iDoaêm%d;sydhh_ oelaúh yels NsCIQKSka w;r
mßn%dcsldjl jYfhka oyï yodrd .eg`M oyila w.%ia:dkh o ,oaod h'
úi`okakg iud¾:Hh ,;a ;ek Tjqyq wehg fufia
lS y' —oeka Tn O¾uOr h' oUosj mqrd ixpdrh úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^103 .d:dj&
lrñka Tn iu. ;¾l lrkakg iu;a wfhla isàoehs
fidhkak¡˜ tfia mjid cïnq w;a;la weh w;g oS fhd iÙ.dfï iyiafik iyiaix udkqfi ðfk p
— fidfydhqßh" hkak' hï .sysfhla Tn ;¾lfhka tlx w;a;dkx fchH fid fj iÙ.ducq;a;fud
merojqj fyd;a" Tyq f.a jy,sh jkak' hï NsCIqjla
fyda NsCIqKshla tfia l< fyd;a Y%dúldjla jkak˜ hs o fhd( hïlsis flfkla¦ iÙ.dfu( hqoaOh u.ska¦
lSy' iyiafik( oyia jrla¦ iyiaix( oyila¦ udkqfi(
ñksiqka¦ ðfk p( mrojhs kï¦ talx w;a;dkx( tla
;¾l Yla;sfhka yd jd.a pd;=¾hfhka fmdfydi;a jQ wfhla ;uka¦ fchH( ch .kafka kï¦ fid( fyf;u¦
weh f.a lS¾;sh oUosj mqrd me;sr .sfha h' weh hkq fj( taldka;fhka u¦ iÙ.ducq;a;fud( hqoaO oskk
olsk úg ñksiaiq —Th hkafka cïnq mßn%dðldj˜ hs W;a;uhd fõ'
lshk lrug ´ m%lg jQjd h'
hqoaO lsÍu u.ska oyia jrla oyila fokd mrdch
k.rhlg fyda .ulg msKavmd;fhys yeisfrkq msKsi lr ch.%yKh l< o hfula ;uka oskSu ;rï th
we;=,a fj;aoS kqjr fodrgqj wi, je,s f.dvla .id fY%aIaG fkdfõ' Wiia u ch.%dylhd ;uka ch.kakd
cïnq w;a; isgqjk ´ —ud jdofhka mrokakg yels ;eke;a;d h'
hhs is;k flfkla fuh fmr,;ajd' uu Tyq iu. jdo
lrñ˜ hs mjid ms`vq is`.d hhs' w;a; bj;a lrkq ;nd újrKh
lsisfjla ta wi,gj;a fkd h;s' tla w;a;la úh,S .sh
fï .d:dfjka w.h lrkq ,nkafka ;ud ch .ekSu h' ;ud
úg ´ th bj; oud w`M;a w;a;la fidhd .kshs'
ch .kakd ;eke;a;d ch .kafka tlu tl mqoa.,fhls' hqoaO
lrk ;eke;a;d oyila fokd mrojd ch .kshs' kuq;a Tyq f.a
fï l%ufhka .ula .ula mdid k.rla k.rhla mdid ch.%yKh ;ks ;eke;a;l= ch .kakd f.a ch.%yKh ;rï
ießirk cïnq mßn%dðld fyj;a l=Kav,flaidfjda jákafka ke;' ;ud ch .ekSu w;sYh ÿIalr jQ;a wdOH;añl jQ;a
ieje;a kqjrg msúiqK y' weh iqmqreÿ mßos cïnq ksrjoH jQ;a ch.%yKhla fyhsks'
w;a; isgqjd ms`vq is`.d .sh w;r tys jevu l< ießhq;a
f;rKqfjda wi, fi,a,ï l< <uhska ,jd w;a; .,jd
oeïujQ y' ´ meñK —ysñhks" fï w;a; bj;a lf<a
Tn jykafia o@˜ hs úuiQ y' —tfia h ke`.Ksh˜
—tfia kï Tn jykafia uf.a m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re oSug
wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 13
 ;u w;neõ oskSu b;d W;=ï oskSuh

104' w;a;d yfj ð;x fifhHd ;ud oskquhs W;=ï jkafka

hd pd hx b;rd mcd wkqka mrod oskqu fjkqjg
w;a;oka;iai fmdiiai ;ud oukh lrk wh f.a
ksÉpx i[a[; pdßfkd ^8(5& ks;r ixjr ú,i yeisfrk

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fjk;a chla ke; iufjk - chg ;uka oskd ,nk
8 ^4& wk;a:mqÉPl nuqKd f.a l:dj ^104" 105 .d:d&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia fca;jkdrdufhys jev jik

fiala wk;a:mqÉPl nuqKd wrnhd fï .d:dj
jod< fial'
f;areï f.k oskk ;eke;a;d kshu ch.%dylhd h'— hs
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mejiQ y'

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^104 .d:dj&

jrla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqùug meñKs
wk;a:mqÉPl kï nuqKd fufia mejiS h' — iajdókS" w;a;d ð;x yfj fifhHd hd p whx b;rd mcd
ug yef`.kafka Tn jykafia okafka w¾: iïmkak w;a;oka;iai ksÉpx i[a[;pdßfkd fmdiiai
^m%fhdackj;a& foaj,a .ek muKla njhs' Tn jykafia
wk¾: iïmkak ^úkdYldÍ& foaj,a .ek okafka w;a;d( ;uka¦ ð;d( oskd.ekSu¦ yfj( taldka;fhka¦
ke;ehs ug yef`.hs'ZZ ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fifhHd( fY%aIaG h¦ hd p( hï fï¦ b;rd mcd(
;uka jykafia w¾: ixys; foa muKla fkdj wk¾: wjfYaI ckhd ^oskd .ekSu fY%aIaG fkdfõ'&¦
ixys; foa;a okakd nj m%ldY lr Ok ydksh isÿjk w;a;oka;iai( ;ud oukh lr.;a iy¦ ksÉpx(
krl mqreÿ yhla kï lr oelajQy' ks;r¦ i[a[;pdßfkd( ixjr yeisÍï we;s¦
fmdiiai( mqoa.,hd f.a ÈkSu
1' ysre kef`.k ;=re ksod .ekSu'
2' w,ilu' ;uka oskd .ekSu taldka;fhka u fY%aIaG h' wka wh
3' l=ßrelu' mrojd ch .ekSu t;rï jeo.;a ke;' ;ud ch.;a
4' uohg yd m%udohg fya;=jk îu;a lu' ixh; yeisÍï we;s'
5' fkdl,ays ùÓ ixpdrh'
6' ldu ñ:Hdpdrh hk yhhs' újrKh

fï widisá nuqKd idOqldr oS —hym;s iajdókS" b;d .kaOín( .dkaO¾j kñka y`ÿkajkafka .S .hñka kgñka
úfkdaoldó cSú;hla .; lrk foaj .Khls' wgqjdj, tk úia;r
uekú' Tn jykafia w¾: ixys; foa muKla fkdj wkqj .dkaO¾jhka jikafka pd;=ïuyd rdcsl foaj f,dalfha h'
wk¾:ldÍ foa;a okakd fial˜hs m%ldY lf<a h'—tfia h
n%dyauKh" wk¾:ldÍ foa fudkjdoehs ud ;rï okakd w;a;oKaviai fmdiiai( fujeks ikao¾Nhkays zw;a;Z hk jpkh
fjk;a wfhla ke;˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< y' fhfokafka n%dyauKsl Ñka;kfha fuka zwd;auZ kñka mj;akd
ks;H" wúmßKdó mod¾:hla y`.jkakg fkdj iïuq;s wre;lska
z;udZ hkak ye`.ùug h' ia:djr wd;auhla ke;s nj nqÿ oyfï
wk;=rej fï n%dyauKhd fujka m%Yakhla ke`.=fõ flakaøsh b.ekaùuls' Ndr;Sh we;eï wd.ï j, fuka c.od;auhla
ljr fyhskaoehs úuikq ßis jQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yd mqoa.,d;auhla jYfhka oS¾> iïnkaOhla we;s wêfN!;sl
—n%dyauKh" Tn cSj;a jkafka ljr jD;a;shlskaoehs˜ ixl,amhla ms<s .ekSug nqÿ iufhka bvla ie,iS ke;' ks;H
úpd< y' —iQÿfjks˜ hs fyf;u ms<sjoka ÿkafka h' jQ wd;auhla .;sl ,CIKfhka f;dr fyhska ixj¾Okhla fyda
mßydkshla we;s ùug fyda we;s lsÍug bvla ke;' tfia jqjfyd;a
YsCIdj ksr¾:l fohla fjhs'
—ljqo oskkafka" Tn o fjk wh oehs˜ nqÿrcdKka
jykafia úuiQ y' —iuyr úg ud oskkjd' iuyr úg ngysr o¾Ykfhys fmr ms<s.;a ldh - Ñ;a; fNaoh fyj;a
wkqka oskkjd˜ —n%dyauKh wkqka mrojd ch.%yKh fN!;slh yd wd;auh jYfhka mej;s oaúfNao;dj o oeka fkd
lsÍu t;rï jeo.;a oskqula fkdfõ' ;ud f.a ÿn,;d ms<s.efkhs' tfyhska úoHdkql+,j wd;auhl meje;au ikd: lrk
;¾lhla bosßm;a lsÍu ÿIalr h'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 15

 ;u is;a oskd.;a wh lsisfjl=g;a fkdmros;s¡

105' fkj fofjd k .kaOífnd .kaOínfhla lsisu foúfhla

k udfrd iy n%yauqkd udrfhla fyda lsis n%yaufhla
ð;x wmð;x lhsrd fkd fmr,hs ta ch mrdch
;:d rEmiai cka;=fkd ^8(6& ,nd .;a ta jf.a W;=fula

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 l<fyd;a oukh ;uka - fkd fy;s fjkilg wkqka
8 ^4& wk;a:mqÉPl nuqKd f.a l:dj ^104" 105 .d:d&

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^105 .d:dj& niskafkaj;a ke;s nj wms fyd`o yeá oksuq' tfuka u tla wfhl=g
fojrla tlu foalg ;Ügq l< fkd yel' tu foh fmkqug tl
fia osia jqj o B,`. fudfyd; jk úg fjkilg m;ajk fyhsks'
;:drEmiai cka;=fkda ð;x fofjd k tj wmð;x f,dj ish,a, jy jyd fjkia fjhs' lsisjla tlu iajrEmfhka
lhsrd .kaOífnd k n%yauqKd iy udfrd k' fofudfyd;la mj;skafka ke;'—Bfha isá uu wo isák ug iudk
mqoa.,fhls hs is;=ug hï fya;=jla ;sìh hq;= h' jvd;a meyeos,s
;:drEmiai( tn`ÿ jQ¦ cka;=fkda( mqoa.,hd f.a¦ ð;x( ksoiqkla .ksf;d;a ud ñksil= osiajk fudfydf;a u Tyq f.a lg
ch.%yKh¦ fofjd( foújre¦ k wmð;x lhsrd( y`v o wefia kï ud olsk" wik fofhys hï wre;la ;sfí˜
hhs mjik od¾Ykslhd iu. fn!oaOhkg tl`. úh yels h'
mrdchla njg m;a fkd lr;s¦ .kaOífnd k( n%yau wd;au oukg l< mqoa.hd f.a ch.%yKh fjkia lsÍug
.dkaO¾jfhla o fkd lrhs¦ n%dyauqKd iy( n%dyauhka n%yaufhlaj;a iu;a fkd jk nj fï .d:dfjys oelafjhs' fuys
iy¦ udfrd k( urejd o fkdlrhs' n%yauhd kï uejqï lrejl= fia n%yauK wd.fuys ms<s.efkk n%yau
fkdj n%yauldhsl foúfhda fj;s'
tjka ^;ud oukh l< ixh;& mqoa.,hd f.a
n%yauldhsl foúfhda kï" m%:u OHdkh ,nkakjqka ñh f.dia
ch.%yKh mrdchla njg m;a lrkakg foúhl=g Wmosk rEm f,dal w;=ßka m%:u f,dal ;=fkys jdih lrk foújre
.dkaO¾jhl=g" n%yauhdg fyda udrhdg fkd yels h' fj;s' fï osjH f,dal j, W;a;Í;r md,lhd uyd n%yauhd h'
Tyq —uu n%yauhd fjñ" uyd n%yauhd fjñ" ish,a, wNsNjd isáñ'
újrKh lsisjl=g ud wNsNjkh l< fkd yel' i¾j{ fjñ' md,lhd
fjñ' kdhlhd fjñ f,dj uejQ ks¾ud;D fjñ' ish`M whqßka u
we;eï foajO¾uj, b.ekafjk mßos ñksidg we;af;a uejqïldr mßmQ¾K fjñ' f,dj rlsñ' mßmd,kh lrñ' f,dj Wmka yd
foúhka jykafia úiska fok ,o wd;auhls' fuu wd;auh urKska Wmosk ish,a,ka f.a mshd fjñ˜ hk jHdc oDIaáh ^ Tyqg uq,
miq iodld,sl iaj¾.hg fyda iodld,sl wmdhg kshu lrkq wu;l ùu ksid& m%ldY l< nj oS>ksldfhys tla iQ;%hl wj{
msKsi kej; foúhka yuqjg le`ojkq ,efí' j¾;udk YÍrhka u iajrfhka olajd we;' n%yau f,dalh kï mq¿,a wre;ska .kakd úg
iqidkfhka ke`.sgqjd tu wd;auh o iys;j foajdêlrKh yuqjg ish¿ rEm yd wrEm f,dal j,g kuls' mgq wre;ska .;a úg m%:u
le`ojk nj Tjqyq úYajdi lr;s' ñksid kss¾udKh lrk wjia:dfõ rEm f,dal;%h ñka .efkhs' n%yaufhda o foaj fldÜGdYhla u fj;s'
oS Tyq ksuejqfha ueáfhka nj;a wk;=rej tu foajiu rEmS YÍrhg foaj ^nn,kafkda" ,;ska niska deus & osjH f,dalj, jdih lrk
foúhka jykafia úiska cSjh ÿka nj;a Tjqyq lsh;s' "Riddle iem iïm;ska fmdfydi;a i;a;ajfhda foú jreh' Tjqyq ukqIHhka
of univese" kï .%ka:h ,shQ úoaj;d fufia lshhs' —fm!refIah f.a mshú fk;g oDYHudk fkd fj;s' ñksiqka fuka u foúfhda
foúflkl=ka ukqIHhdg wurKSh wd;auh yqiau ;=<ska m%odkh o cd;s- crd- urK ixidrfhys u ixprKh lrk i;ajfhda h'
l< nj ^fï ÿka wd;auh foúhka f.a wd;aufhka u wxY=jlehs o tfyhska h:d¾: jYfhka ÿlska fkd ñÿfKda h' mska we;sf;la
is;;s'& ms<sn`o fuu foajO¾u jdoSka f.a ;¾lh iïmQ¾Kfhkau foõf,dj iem ú`osk i;a;ajfhda kej; iem wvq f,dalj,
m%jdo l;djls' f,dalfha iodpdrh ms<sn`o kshduhla l%shd;aul jk W;am;a;sh ,n;s' foújre j¾. lsysmhlg wh;a fj;s'
nj fmfka hehs o ta wkqj udkj wd;auh ikd;kj mj;skakla
úh hq;= hehs o Tjqka k`.k úYaj úNd. úoHduh ;¾lh mokï ^1& ldudjpr fyj;a ldu f,dal j, jdih lrk foú jre j¾.
úrys; wdodkødyS úYajdihla muKs' tfuka u ñksid f.a mylg wh;a fj;s' tkï" pd;=ïuydrdðl" ;dj;sxi" hdu" ;=is;"
wiïmQ¾K" fodaI iys; mDÓú noaO wd;auh mßmQ¾K lsÍu ms<sn`o ksïudKr;s yd mrksïñ; jij;a;s h'
W;a;u mrud¾:h idÓl lr .ekSu msKsi ukqIHd;auh iqidk
N+ñfhka tydg;a jHdma; úh hq;= hehs mejiSu o ^idOkjdoS ^2& rEmdpjr fyj;a rEm f,dalj, jik foújre fodf<dia
;¾lh& jHdma; jQ udkj rEmdka;rKjdoS m%ldYhls' wvqmdvq iys; j¾.hls' Tjqyq fufia .K y;rlska oelafj;s'
jQ wika;Dma;sodhl jQ mDÓú noaO meje;au iodld, meje;afï
wjfYaI Nd.hg iïnka O mßmQrl hqla;sh úiska mQrKh l< hq;= 1' n%yau mdßiÊc" n%yau mqfrdays;" uyd n%yau" m%:u OHdkh w,am
hehs k`.k iodpdr ;¾lh o oeyeñ m%d¾:kdjlg jeä fohla jYfhka" uOH jYfhka fyda mQ¾K jYfhka jevQ ;eke;af;da fï
fkdfõ' wurKSh;ajh yd BYajr ks¾udKh ms<sn`o úYajdih n%yau f,dal j, Wmos;s'
iuia; udkj ixy;sh úiska u wújdofhka i¾j;%.;j
ms<s.kq ,nk úYajdihls hs mjik udkj jxY úoHd;aulehs 2' mß;a;dN" wmamuKdN" wdNiair oaú;Sh OHdkh j¾Okh
y`ÿkajkq ,nk ;¾lh o lreKq úlD; lsÍuls' wd;auh ir," lf<da fïjdfha W;am;a;sh ,n;s'
wrEmS" úkdY l< fkdyels mod¾:hla fyhska urKska miq
WÉfPaohg h;ehs is;sh fkdyels nj mokï lrf.k k`.k 3' mß;a; iqN" wmamudK iqN" iqN lsKaK ^ iqN lsKay & ;D;Sh
i;aNdj ;¾lh o mdrufkda mod¾: ms<sn`oj jeros u;hla bosßm;a OHdkh ,oafoda fuu n%yau f,dal j, Wmos;s'
lsÍuls' th wdOHd;aujdoS N%uhls' fïjd iy fun`ÿ fjk;a ;¾l
ish,a, u bl=;a oYl fol ;=k ;=< úoHd;aul úpdrh úiska uq`M 4' fjymaM," wi[a[ i;a;" iqoaOdjdi m%:u foflys p;=¾:
ukskau ì`ofy<d wjidkh'˜ OHdkh ,oafoda Wmos;s' ;=kajekafkys W;am;a;sh ,nkafka
wkd.dó M,h ,;a wh muKs'
fï Njfhka B,`. Njhg ixl%uKh jk wd;auhla fyda cSjhla
ke;akï mqk¾Njhla ,nkafka l=ula o@ fï m%Yakh wikafka ^3& wrEmdjpr fyj;a wrEm f,dalj, Wmosk foúfhda kï"
mqk¾Njh ùug hula ;sìh hq;= hehs l,a ;nd u ;SrKh lr wdldidk[apdh;kQm. foújre" ú[a[dK[ajdh ;kQm.
.ekSfuks' ishjia lsysmhlg fmr tla Ñka;lfhla —uu is;ñ' ta foújre" wdls[ap[a[dh;kQm. foújre" fkaji[a[kd
ksid uu isáñ ˜hs mejiS h' fufia lshkúg is;kakg zuuZ flkl= i[a[dh;kQm. foújre h' ta kï j,ska ye`oskafjk i;r wrEm
isák nj uq,ska u ikd: l< hq;=j ;sfí' kef.kysßka kef`.k OHdk ,oafoda ms<sfj,ska fï wrEm f,dalj, mqk¾ckauh ,n;s'
ysre ngysßka nei h;ehs wms lshuq' tfy;a ysre k`.skafkaj;a

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 17

 wjqreÿ ishhla uq`M,af,ys mqyqÿkg fok okg jvd wßh mqÕ=f,l=g fudfyd;la msoSu W;=ï h¡

106' udfi udfi iyiafiak udiam;d ishla jila

fhd hfc: i;x iux jeh lr lyjKq oyila
tl[ap Ndú;;a;dkx hd. l<;a oyia jrla
ke; bka isÿjkafk m,la
uqyq;a;x wms mQcfh
fidhd W;=ï ry;a kula
idfhj mQckd fifhHd lf<d;a tlu mQcdjla
hx fp jiaii;x yq;x ^8(7& wf.ah ta tla fudfyd;la
fydau ms¥ ish jirla

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fyd`ou msÿu
8 ^5& ießhq;a ysñhka f.a udud ^106 .d:dj&

r c.ykqjr fõ`Mjkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia
f.a udud jQ n%dyauKhl= wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd
mejiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyqg O¾u foaYkd l< y'

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^107 .d:dj&

fldg jod< fial'
fhd udfi udfi iyiafiak i;x iux hfc:
ießhq;a ysñfhda oskla ;u udud yuqjkakg f.dia Ndú;;a;dkx tlx p uqyq;a;x wms mQcfh fp
fufia úuiQ y' jiaii;x hx yq;x id mQckd fhj fifhHd'

—n%dyauKh" Tn b`o ysg j;a mqKH l¾uhla lrkafka fhd( hïlsis mqoa.,fhla¦ udfi udfi( udihla
ke;ao@˜ udihla mdid¦ iyiafiak( oyila úhoï lr¦
i;x iux( wjqreÿ ishhla¦ hfc:( hd. lrkq
—uu lrkjd iajdókS ˜ we;¦ Ndú;;a;dkx( ;ud oukh lr.;a W;=ul=g
^ry;ka jykafia kulg&¦ tlx p uqyq;a;x wms( tla
—fudkjd o Tn lrk mskalï@˜ fudfyd;la jqj o¦ mQcfh( mQcd i;aldr lrkafka
kï¦ jiai i;x( wjqreÿ ishhla¦ yq;x( l< hd.hkag
—udia m;d uu oyi ne.ska úhoï lr oka fokjd˜ jvd¦ id mQckd fhj( tu msÿu u¦ fifhHd( fY%aIaG h'
—ldgo fokafka@˜
hï whl= udihlg jrla oyi ne.ska úhoï lr j¾I
—k.ak mßn%dclhkag hs iajdókS˜ ishhla hd. l< yels h' tfia wjqreÿ ishhla lrk
hd.hg jvd b`ÿrka oukh lr .;a W;a;uhl=g tla
—b;ska ta oSfuka Tn n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka fudk fudfyd;la .re i;aldr lrkafka kï th fY%aIaG h'
úosfha wdksixihla o@˜
újrKh
—n%yau f,dalfha Wmoskakhs m%d¾:kdj˜
hfc:( yq;x( fï jpk folska m%%d.a fn!oaO hq.fha ^ffjosl hq.fha
mgka& Ndr;fha l%shd;aul jQ hd.- fydau ixialD;sh woyia fjhs'
—b;ska n%yau f,dalfha Wmoskak ud¾.h ´l o@˜ foúhka wruqKq lr f.k hd. øjH iQodkï lr uka;% yd iaf;%da;%
—tfyuhs˜ .dhkd lr tajd .skakg oeóu tajdfha uQ,sl ,CIKh jQfha h'

—ljqo tfyu lshkafka@˜

—iajdókS" uf.a .=rejre tfyu lshkjd˜

—n%dyauKh" Tnj;a Tfí .=rejrej;a n%yau f,dalfha

Wmosk úosh okafka keye' ta úosh okafka nqÿ rcdKka
jykafia muKhs' tkak ud;a tlal' uu nqÿ rcdKka
jykafiag wdrdOkd lrkakï Tng n%yau f,dalfha
Wmosk ud¾.h foaYkd lrkak lsh,d'˜ fufia mejiQ
idßmq;a; ysñfhda ;u udud ;:d.;hka jykafia
yuqjg le`ojd f.k .shy'

—iajdókS" fï n%dyauKhd n%yau f,dalfha Wmoskakg

ys;df.k udiam;d oyila úhoï lr k.ak
mßn%dclhkg oka fokjd' ˜ hd. fydau lrkjd'
fudyqg wkqlïmd lr nU f,dj Wmosk l%uh meyeos,s
lr fokq uekú ˜ hs wdrdOkh l< y'

—n%dyauKh" Tn fujeks okaoSï wjqreÿ iShla l<;a Bg

jvd b`ÿrka oukh l< flf<iqka ÿre l< W;=ul=g
tl fudfyd;la .re i;aldr lf<d;a jákjd ˜ hs

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 19

 wjqreÿ ishhla uq`M,af,ys mqyqÿkg fok okg jvd wßh mqÕ=f,l=g fudfyd;la msoS W;=ï h¡

107¡ fhd fp jiaii;x cka;= .sks mqo .dfKa ojila

w.a.sx mßpfr jfk l<uq;a wjqreÿ ishhla
tl[ap Ndú;;a;dkx mqo l< fyd;a tl fudfyd;la
uqyq;a;ums mQcfha yuqj W;=ï ry;a kula
idfhj mQckd fifhHd tn`ÿ tlu mQcdjla
h[afp jiaii;x yq;x ^8(8& .sks mqohg jeä w.hla

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ry;=ka jekafod;a fudfyd;la - w;a fjhs bka jeä l=i,la
8 ^6& ießhq;a ysñhka f.a nEKd ^ 107 .d:dj &

fõ `Mjkdrdufhys jev jdih l< Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia f.a
nEK kqjka wrnhd fï .d:d O¾uh foaYkd fldg
fhd cka;=( hï lsis mqoa.,fhla¦ jfk( jk.;j¦ fp(
boska¦ jiai i;x( jir ishhla¦ w.a.sx mßpfr( .sks
mQcd lrkafka o¦ Ndú;;a;dkx( ry;ka jykafia,dg¦
jod< fial' tlx uqyq;a;x wms( tl fudfyd;la muKla j;a¦
mQcfh( mQcd lf<a kï¦ jiaii;x( wjqreÿ ishhla¦
;u nEKd jQ n%dyauKhl= fj;g jevu l< ießhq;a hx yq;x( hï hd. fyda .sks mQcd lf<a o ^Bg jvd&¦
uy f;rKqfjda Tyq f.ka fufia m%Yak l< y' id mQckd tj( tu mQcdj u¦ fifhHd( fY%aIaG h'

—n%dyauKh" b`o ysg fyda Tn hï l=i, l¾uhla hïlsis mqoa.,fhla jk.;j wjqreÿ ishhla .sks
lrkafka ke;ao@˜ foúhka ms¥ kuq;a" flf<iqkaf.ka ñÿKq uy ry;ka
jykafia kulg tla fudfyd;la mQcd lsÍu tu
—lrkjd iajdókS˜ ishjfia u l< mQcd j,g jvd w.shs'

—fudk úosfha mskalula o Tn lrkafka@˜ újrKh

—uilg jrla uu i;l= urd hd. lrkjd˜ w.a.sx mßjfr jfk( .sks mqo w;=ßka fuys jk.;j .sks msoSu
.ek i`oyka fjhs' jk .;j .sks mqokafka n%dyauKhka f.a cSú;
wjia:d fyj;a wdY%u j,ska ;=kajk wdY%uh jQ jdkm%ia: ;;ajhg
—fudk n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla we;sj o Tn tfia m;a jQ whhs' .sys cSú;fha iqj w; yer uy`M jhfia oS jk
lrkafka@˜ .;jk n%dyauKfhda .sks mqoñka cSj;a fj;s' n%dyauKsl úYajdih
wkqj .skak foú flfkls' tfuka u wkH foúhka fj; mQcdjia;=
—ta ;uhs n%yau f,dalfha Wmoskakg we;s ud¾.h /f.k hk mqfrdays;hd jYfhka i,lkq ,nkafka o .skakhs'
.skakg .sf;,a wdoS mQcd jia;= msßkuk úg .sks oe,a, Wvg
iajdókS˜ kef`.k wdldrh nuqKka olskafka .sks foúhka mQcdj oE;ska u
ms<s.kakd ú,dihla fia h'
—ljqo tfyu lshkafka@˜
.sks msoSu yqfola iïm;a úkdYhla muKs' nqÿ iuh th ksire
—uf.a .=rejre˜ l%shdjla f,i y`ÿkajhs' úuqla;sh i`oyd wjYHjkafka flf<iqka
ojd yeÍu ñi .sf;,a" ómeKs" Wla yl=re jeks m%KS; fNdack
fyda wysxil i;=ka f.a isrere oeùu fkdfõ' n%yau f,dalfhys
—Tnj;a Tfí .=rejreka n%yau f,dalfha Wmoskakg Wmoskakg fujka l%shd lsisfia;a m%fhdackj;a fkdjk nj
we;s u. okafka keye' th nqÿ rcdKka jykafia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fmkajd ÿkay'
okakjd' tkak" ud;a tlal' th nqÿ rcdKka
jykafia Tng meyeos,s lrhs'˜

ta wkqj n%dyauKf;u ießhq;a ysñhka iu. nqÿrcdKka

jykafia neyeolskakg .sh y'

—iajdókS" fï uf.a nEKdg n%yau f,dalfha bmoSug

wod< ms<sfj; meyeos,s lr fokq uekú˜ hs ießhq;a
ysñfhda werhqï l< y'

Tyq wu;d O¾ufoaYkd l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jir

ishhla .sks mqo l< o tla fudfyd;la flf<iqka ÿre
l< W;=ul= msoSu ;rï fkd w.sk nj fy<s lrñka fï
.d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial'

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^107 .d:dj&

fhd cka;= jfk fp jiai i;x w.a.sx mßpfr

Ndú;;a;dkx tlx uqyq;a;x wms mQcfh jiai i;x
hx yq;x id mQckd tj fifhHd'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 21

 f,dj l=vdoka yd uyoka msoSug jvd wd¾h mqoa.,hl=g l< je|Suu b;d W;=ïh'

108¡ hx ls[Ñ hsÜGx j yq;x j f,dfl iq¨ oka uy oka ks;r mqokafka
ixjÉPrx hfc: mq[a[fmlafLd wjqreoaola jqj fkdlv lrkafka
iínïms ;x k p;=Nd.Z fu;s wß W;=ul=g je|s muKskafka
wNsjdokd WÊcq.f;iq fifhHd ^8(9& w;a jQ mskuh jvd jákafka

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wd¾h mqoa.,hl=g je|Su mjd W;=ïh
8 ^7& ießhq;a uyf;reka jykafiaf.a hy`M nuqKq ^.d:d wxlh 108&

r c.y kqjr fõ`Mjk fjfyr jev isá ießhq;a

uyf;ryq ish ^Wm;siai kï uynuqKq& .ug jeä
fial' ta oji tys nuqKkaf.a mqo isß;a meje;afjk
f,dfl( fï i;a;aj f,dalfhys¦ mq[a[fmlafLd( mska
lrkq leu;s ;eke;af;a¦ hxls[aÑ hsÜGx jd yq;x
jd( ux.,doS wjia:djkays fok hï odk jia;=jla
oskhls' nUf,da iem m;d ksjgqkag uyoka foñka fyda lïm, woyd fok uy okla fyda¦ ixjÉPrx
Wkay' .jhka wdoS i;=ka urd lrk msoSïo .sksfoú hfc:( wjqreoaola uq`M,af,ys ^uq`M ilaj< uyd ckhd
msoSïo isÿl<y' .sks foú mqok tla nuqfKla ießhq;a yg ksrka;rfhka& ÿkafka ù kuqÿ¦ ;x iínx wms(
uy f;rekag ys; ñ;=rej isáfhah' ta ish¨ odkhu¦ k p;=Nd.fï;s( ^p;=Nd.x k t;s&
fidajdka wdoS wdhH_ mqoa.,hl= Wfoid ÿka oSukdfjys
ta .sysf.h l=urúfha isg we;s jQ ñ;=re oyfuls' Tyq i;frka fldgil=ÿ fkd w.fkah¦ WÊcq.f;aiq(
f;rekaf.a .=Ko Wiia luo okS' tfyhska ishksjig ldhjÙldosh rys; fyhska Rcq njg meñKs fidajdka
jeä f;rekg fndfyda nqyquka fldg ms<sf.k jvd wdos wdhH_ mqoa.,hka Wfoid lrk ,o¦ wNsjdokd
ys÷jd ms<si|r meje;aùfuys fhÿk nuqKdf.a i;=g fifhHd( jkaokdju W;=ï fõ'
flfuka jeã .sfhah'
f,dj mska leue;sfhla ishla jila fok ok wd¾h
ießhq;a f;rKqfjda hy`M nuqKd wu;d —nuqK" mska mqoa.,fhl=g je|Sfuka ,efnk msfkka i;frka tlla
lrjqoe˜hs weiSh' muKj;a fkdw.S'

hy`M nuqK' —tfiah" mska lrñ iajdóks˜hs ms<s;=re újrKh

ÿkafkah'
mq[a[fmlafLd( mska /ia lsÍfuys wdid we;a;dh' mrf,dj iem
leue;s j fuf,dfjys l=i,a /ialrkq leue;s mqoa.,hdh'
ießhq;a f;reka jykafia —ta l=uk msklaoe˜hs h<s;a
weiQy' hsÜGx( l=vd okah' uÕ=,a wjuÕ=,a wE lsis oehla kssñ;sfldg
oshqKqj i|yd iq¨ jYfhka meje;a fjk okah'
hy`M nuqKd —nUf,da iem m;d fndfyda úhoï
fldg hd. ^mqo& mj;ajñ˜hs lSh' yq;x( uyokah' fjfiiska lïm, woyd fndfyda úhoï fldg Wiia
f,i meje;afjk úid, oka oSïh'

ießhq;a f;rKqfjda —nUf,da iem ,nkq ;nd nUf,da ixjÊcrx hfc:( wjqreoaola uq`Mod ^fkdlvjd& msoSuh' uq`M
hk ux j;a fkdokafk˜ys hhs mjid oyï foiQ ilaj,u mqrjd wjqreoao uq`Mod mqyqÿka mqoa.,hkag lrk msoSuh'
fial'
p;=Nd.x k ta;s( i;frka fldgila muKg j;a fkdmeñKs uh'
flf,iqkaf.ka ñÿKq wßh mqoa.,fhl=g je|Sfuka ,efnk l=i,h
ießhq;a uyf;rekaf.a foiqug meyeÿKq ta nuqKd i;rg fnod bka fldgila muK j;a fkd w.kd nj oelaùuh'
le|jdf.k fjfyrg jevujd nqÿrÿka yuqfõ
nuqKdf.a woyi mejiSh' WÊcq.f;aiq( Wcq ^weoke;s& njg meñKsh jqka flfrysh'
ksflf,ia jq t;=ukaf.a lh fyda mejfik ni fyda isf;k oeh
ta ksñ;sfldg —f,dj mska leue;s hfula l=vd okla fyda weo ke;af;ah'
fyda uy okla fyda wjqreÿ ishhla uq`M,af,ys ms¥fha
kuqÿ ta ish,a, fidajdka wdoS uÕ-m,j,g meñKs
wßh mqoa.,fhl=g l< je|Sfuka Wmokd l=i,a is;ska
i;frka mx.=jla muK j;a fkdjgkd njo" wßh
mqqÕ=f,l=g l< je|Su u b;d W;=ï nj˜o jodrd ta
nuqKd fidajdka m,fhys msysg jQ fial'

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^108 .d:dj&

f,dl mq[a[fmfCLd hx ls[Ñ hsÜGx jd yq;x

jd ixjÉPrx hfc:" ;x iínx wms p;=Nd.fu;s
^p;=Nd.x ¬ t;s& p;=Nd.x k t;s" WÊcq.f;iq
wNsjdokd fifhHd

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 23

 is,aj;=kag yd jeäysáhkg mqok ;eke;a;df.a wdhqI meyeh iem yd n,h hk isjq .=K jefâ'

109¡ wNsjdok iS,siai is,aj;=ka yd jeäysá hkafka

ksÉpx joaOdmpdhsfkd .=Kh W;=ï je÷fuka mska jkafka
p;a;dfrd Oïud jâVka;s wdhq meyeh n,o ,efn kafka
wdhq jKafKd iqLx n,x ^8(10& talhs jeäysáhkag j¢kafka

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wdhq meye iem n, jefvk mskalï
8 ^8& wdhqjâVk l=ure ^.d:d wxlh 109&

o Uosj os>,ïìl kqjr jeis nuqfKla ;mia /lSug

jkjeo wgid<sia jila ;mia j; /|Sisg miqj
l=,h keiqfkd;a mrmqrg jk ydksh i,ld ;mi yer
wdhqjâVk kñka mis÷úh' ta ksñ;s fldg zks;r
is,aj;=kag j¢k jeäysáhkg mqok ;eke;a;df.a wdhq
yd isrere meyeh o iemh o ldh n, yd keK n,o
f.dia ìß|la irK lr .;af;ah' jefvk neõZ jod< fial'

orefjla ,enqKq miq ta nuqKq-neñKs fofokd l=vd úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^109 .d:dj&
mq;=o iu. oS>,ïìl kqjr weiqre fldg jk
l=áfhlays jev fjfik nqÿrÿka fj; t<U je| wNsjdok iS,siai ksÉpx joaOdmpdhsfkd wdhq jKafKd
isáhy' nqÿroyq —^ oS>dhql fyd: & fndfyda wdhq iqLx n,x p;a;frda Oïud jâVka;s'
ú÷jjq˜hs jod< fial' Tjqka thg lreKq úuiQ l<
—fï <orejdg Wjÿrla we;' wdhq i;a ojfile˜hs wNsjdokiS,siai( ^is,aj;=kayg& j|skakd jQ¦ ksÉpx
jod< miq foudmsfhda ;e;sf.k l÷f,ka msreKq fk;a joaOdmpdhsfkda( ks;r .=Kfhka jeä isáhjqka
we;af;da jQy' mqokakyq f.a¦ wdhq( ðúf;akaøshhdf.a meje;au¦
jKafKda( Pú.; j¾Kh¦ iqLx( is; lh folays
Tjqyq —nqÿrÿka jykai ta Wjÿr je<l=ug Wjfoila iqjh¦ n,x( ldh Yla;sh yd {dk Yla;sh ^hk&¦
fõ kï jod< uekeje˜ hs whoshy' —tfia kï ish p;a;frda Oïud jâVka;s( ^fï& i;r .=Kfhda
f.fodr uKavmhla ;kd tys wiqka mkjd iÕ=ka jefvkakdyqh'
jykaoE wg kula fyda fidf<dia kula jvd ys÷jd
i;shla uq`M,af,ys fkdlvjd msß;a foiqï mj;ajd ta ksf;dr is,aj;=ka j|skd iq¨jQ o .=Kfhka jeäysáhka
Wjÿre ÿre ler .kak˜hs jod< fial' nuqKd ú.i mqok iq¨ jQo mqoa.,hdf.a wdhqIh" jK_h" iemh" n,h
f.fodr msßisÿ lrjd uKavm ;kd ish¨ lghq;= hk lreKq i;rla jefâ'
ksujd iÕ=ka jevujd mq;= o mfil ìu fydjd i;shla
uq`M od fkdlvjd msß;a foiqï le/ùh' i;ajk újrKh
oji nqÿrcdKka jykafiao jevu l<fial' tfyhska
foúhkaf.a meñKSuo we;súh' fnfyúka fi; wdhq( wdhq.=Kh w;=re wk;=rej,ska je<lS wdhqjâVk l=ureg
fuka wjqreÿ ish .Kka wdhq ú|Sug ,eîuh'
ie,iqfKah' ta l=ure W;=re os.g wêm;s fjijqKq
rcqf.a kshuh mßos wjreoaO kï hl=g ì,sj isáfhah' jKafKda( meye .=Kh ukd iqj myia t<jñka fidïkiska hq;=j
ksÿlska lh-is; fol jeãuh'
msß;a foiqfï wkqyiska fi; ie,iS Tyqg wdhq
jevqfKah' ;=kqrejka f.a msysg ,eìKs' foúhka f.a n,x( n, .=Kh' lh fm<Sï is; fm<Sï ry;aj lh n, [dK
n, folska fudkjg jeãuh' meúos jQ ;eka mgka <ore fyrKqfjda
/lj,a we;súh' tfyhska fjijqKq rcqf.a kshuh jqjo .syshkg is,aj;ayqh' .=Kj;ayqh' ujqmshka úiska mjd
je/ÿfKah' wjreoaO hl=f.a ì,s je<l=fKah' je|Sug msoSug iqÿiafidah' meúoaokg ^jhia ms<sfj<ska& meúos jQ
wk;=rej ta <orejka ,jd nqÿrÿka jekao jQy' nqÿrÿyq ;eka isg fyda Wmimqj je|Sï jeäysáhkg ms|Sï lrkakdyq w;=re
zoS>dhqfld fyd:Z ^fndfyda wdhq ú÷j& hs jod< fial' wk;=rej,ska je<lS fndfyda wdhq ú| b;sß .=K keK o oshqKqj
tlaish úis wjqreoaola wdhq jevqfKah' ta l=ure hiiska iem;ska jefv;s'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 25

 ÿYaYs,fhla j ishla jila ðj;a ùug jvd is,aj;a j tl ojila Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

110¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj ÿis,aj wiudys; is;a jkafka

ÿiaiSf,d wiudysf;d ishla jir f.õj;a fkdj ákafka
tldZyx Ôú;x fifhHd keKj;a ù ys| oeyeka jvkafka
iS,jka;iai COdhsfkd ^8(11& ojila uq;a th ;uhs jákafka

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿis,aj;aj isàug jvd is,aj;aj Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'
8 ^9& ixlsÉp ry;a fyrKmdKka jykafia ^.d:d wxlh 110&

ie je;a kqjr Wiia l=, ;sylska l=uryq ;sia

fofkla meúosjQy' ms<sfj;a msÍfuys kshe¨Kq ta
;sia kug úoiqka jeãug is;a my< úh'
Ôj;a ùu W;=ï˜hhs jodrd ta ish¨ fok ry;a m,fhys
msysgjQ fial'

úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^110 .d:dj&

Tjqka nqÿrÿka fj;ska lugyka ^Ndjkdjg wruqKq
ms<sfj;a& Wf.k jkhg hdug ms<sfj< jQy' nqÿroyq ÿiaiSf,d wiudysf;d fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj"
ta ;sia ku jevujk fmfoi Wjÿrl ;;= oek ta ^;f;d& is,jka;iai COdhsfkd tldyx ðú;x
j<lkq i|yd ixlsÉp ry;a fyrKqka iuÕ hdug fifhHd'
ie,iQy' ta tla ;sia ku idrish wiQ.õjla u. f.jd
mi,a ^mssáir& .ulg jeähy' ta .ïjeiafida Tjqkg ÿiaiSf,d( iS, iudodkhla ke;s fyhska ÿiaiS,jQ¦
Wjgeka fldg úiSug fikiqka i,id ms¥y' úoiqka wiudysf;d( Ñ;a; iudêfhka iudys; fkdjQ¦
jvd fjfik Wkajykafia,dg rij;a wyr iq,Nj fhd( hï mqoa.,fhla¦ fõ jiaii;x Ôfõ( boska
,eìKs' wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;ajkafka kuqÿ¦ ^ta Ôú;aùug
jvd& iS,jka;iai( isjq msßisÿ iS,fhka is,aj;a
tla isÕk ñksfila tys meñK l=i mqrd wydr .ksñka jQ¦ COdhsfkd( iu:úoY_kd Ndjkdjkays kshqla;
zwfkaZ ? odj,a jev lrk whg fun÷ rij;a wyfrla NsËQjf.a¦ tldyx Ôú;x fifhHd( tl ojil=ÿ
ke;' fï yduqÿrejreka ieuodu fufia j<|;s˜hs Ôj;a ùu W;=ï fõ'
is;=fhah' Tyq tys l,la kej;S jevqKq isre/;sj uy
jkhg jeo hk l, mkaishhla muK fidrkag wiqúh' úisreKq is;a we;s ÿis,ajf;l= wjqreÿ ishhla
fidre Tyq urd jk foúhkg ì,s msÿug ieriqKy' Ôj;ajkjdg jvd oeyeka jvk is,ajf;l=f.a tla oskla
tl, ta ñksid —mskaj;aks" ud isÕkafkls" ud ì,s Ôj;aùu fY%aIaGfjhs'
mQcdjg kqiqÿiqh' jk foúhka i;=gq l< fkdyelsh'
wiqj,a ;ek iÕyq fjfi;s' Tjqka ì,s mQcdjg b;d újrKh
W;=ïh˜hs lSfhah' fidrfogqyq tn÷ flfkla fj;a
kï ì,s msÿug w.fkah˜hs is;d isÕkakdf.ka ux wid ÿiaiSf,d( ÿis,aj;a ;eke;a;dh' .syshka úiska /lal hq;= mkais,a
- wgis,a fkdjvk .sysfhda .sys ÿis,ayqh' meúoaoka jQ fyrK
f.dia tl kula f.khdug ;e;a l<y' Wmimka fomi w;r hï flfkla meúos j; fkdjvd zwry;a
oohgZ ^isjqrg& uqjdù ÿis,a foa flfr;a kï Tjqyq meúos ÿis,ayqh'
ixlsÉp fyrKqfjda ta ì,s mQcdjg osú oSug jeähy'
fidr fogq ì,shg fyrKqkaf.a osú keiSug iqodkï wiudysf;d( fkdtlÕ ^iudêfhka fkdjevqKq& is;a we;a;dh'
úh' tfõf,ys Wkajykafia iuj;g iujeÿKdh' fidr Ndjkd jYfhka fkdjevqKq is; b;d fkdikaiqkah' oukh fkdl<
l=`M yrfll= fia wlSlreh' ;ekam;a ùfula ke;'
fogq lvqj yhd ^weo& f.,g .eiSh' lvqj ñg olajd
yel=`MfKah' fidre mka ishhu mqÿuhg meñK —wfyda iS,jka;iai( is,aj;aygh' mkais,a wgis,a wE is,a msßisÿj rlsk
is;a ms;a ke;s fï lvqj mjd uqka jykafiaf.a .=K .sysfhda .sysj;ska is,aj;ayqh' fyrK is,a isjq msßisÿ is,a msßisÿj
oks;s˜hs meyeo ta fyrKqka fj;u meúos jQy' miqj rlsk meúoafoda meúosj;ska is,aj;ayqh'
nqÿrÿka fj; meñKs l,ays ta ksñ;s flg —ÿis,a jq
tlÕ jQ is;a ke;s hfula ishla jila ðj;a ùug jvd COdhsfkd( Ndjkd lrk ;eke;a;df.ah'
oeyekfhys we¨Kq is,aj;a ;eke;a;d f.a tl ojil=ÿ

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 27

 kqjK ke;a;df.a ishla jila Ôj;aùug jvd kqjK we;a;df.a ojil=ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

111¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj kqkqjK wiudys; is;a jkafka

ÿmam[af[d wiudysf;d jir ishla f.jqj;a fkdj ákafka
tldZyx Ôú;x fifhHd werUq fj/Z;sj oyï jvkafka
m[a[djka;iai COdhsfkd ^8(12& kï" tl ojila jqk;a jákafka

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 kqjK we;sj tl ojila Ôj;aùu jqjo W;=ïh'
8 ^10& LdKqfldKav[a[ f;rekajykafia ^.d:d wxlh 111&

ie je;a kqjr fojqrï fjfyr fjfik fndfyda

jykaoE úoiqka jeãfuys kshe,Su i|yd ksf;dr
jk fmfoia lrd jevuj;s' ms,sfj;a msÍfuys /oS
úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^111 .d:dj&

ÿmam[af[d wiudysf;d fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj"

fjfik fldKav[a[ f;ryqo —udf.a iírï irekao ^;f;d& m[a[djka;iai COdhsfkd tldyx Ôú;x
;uka yd iudk is,a msreï we;s wh jykaoE ry;aj fifhHd
uyK oï irelr f.k nqÿrÿka fj; meñK ;uka
,;a Wiia m, mjid Woka wk;s' ^i;=g m, flfr;s'& ÿmam[af[d( f,!lsl f,daflda;a;r m%{djkaf.ka
ud;a tn÷ m, ,nkag kqiqÿiq o˜hs is;d jkhg jev hqla; fkdjQ fyj;a m%{d ke;a;d jQ¦ wiudysf;d(
úoiqfkys fhoS jEhï l<y' ? odj,a folays l< Ñ;a; iudêfhka iudys; fkdjQ¦ fhd( hï
jEhfï m, ,en nqÿrÿka oelaug fojqrï fjfyrg mqoa.,fhla¦ fp jiai;x Ôfõ( boska wjqreÿ
meñKsu i|yd msg;a jQy' ishhla Ôj;ajkafka kuqÿ ^ta Ôj;aùug jvd&¦
m[a[djka;iai( iu: úoY_kd yd ud¾.M,
w;r uÕ ? kjd;ekg iqÿiq ukd je,s;,djla yd hk f,!lsl f,dflda;a;r m%{djkaf.ka hqla;
.,a;,djla o meka fmdl=Kla o oel .,a;,djg jQ¦ COdhsfkd( iu: úoY_kd Ndjkdjkays kshqla;
meñK meka fmrd j<od úvd ikais÷jd OHdkhg NsËQjf.a¦ tldyx Ôú;x( tla ojil=ÿ Ôj;a ùu
iujeo jev yqkafial' tod ? fidre mkaish fofkla jqjo¦ fifhHd( W;=ï fõ'
.ula meyer nvq fmdos ne|f.k ta .,a;,djg
meñKshy' ta Tjqkaf.a mqreÿ ;ekls' tys mfil kqjK ke;s wfhla wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;afjkjdg
iuj;g iujeo yqka f;reka oel ta lKqj lehs is;d jvd Ndjkdfjka is;a tlÕlsÍfï fhÿkq kqjK we;s
uq,ska wd fidre f.kd fmdosh Wka jykafiaf.a ysiu; wfhl=f.a tla oskla Ôj;aùu jqjo fY%aIaGh¡
;enQfhah' wka who ;u ;uka f.kd fmdos;a tfiau
^f;reka jid& uq,a fmdosh jgd ;nd ta ta ;ek je;sr újrKh
ksod.;ay' t<sjkakg fmr wjosù fmdos.kakd fidryq
f;reka oel ìhg mek ÿjkakg jQy' ÿmam[af[d( kqjK ke;a;dh' o; hq;= oyï fkdoekqfuka yd msßh
hq;= j;a ms<sfj;a fkdjevqfuka miqng jQ wkqjK mqÕ=,ah'

f;ryq zmskaj;aks" ìh fkdjkak' wms nqÿrÿkf.a ijq m[a[djka;iai( keKj;a ;eke;a;d f.ah' oyï yeoEÍ fuka yd
fjuq˜hs mejiQl, fidryq fmr<d meñK jeo fyj ms<smeoSfuka fudkjg jevqKq keKska hq;a ;eke;a;d f.ah'
lKqjle˜hs is;d fkdoekSfuka isÿjQ jrog iud wheo
isáhy' t;eka isg Wka jykafia LdKqfldKav[a[ zm[a[djka;Z hkqfjka oelafjkafka isjqiia oyï ms<sn| fyda
wßwgysuÕ oyï ms<sn| fyda fjfiia oekqï we;a;dh'
kï jQy' fidryq fndfyda fihska meyeo nK wid ta
f;reka fj;u meúos jQjdyqh' miqj ta w;jeiaikao meK kï - iu;a - úoiqka m%{d jYfhka oelafjk f,!lsl kqjK
iuÕ fojqrï fjfyrg meñK nqÿrÿka je| tl;a yd u.M, m%{d jYfhka oelfjk f,djq;=rd kqjKh'
miaj isáhy' nqÿrÿyq ms<si|r mj;ajd wk;=rej"
—kqjK ke;s tlÕ jQ is;a ke;s hfula ishla jila COdhsfkd( OHdk ^iudê& fhys we¨Kq ;eke;a;df.ah'
Ôj;a ùug jvd kqjKe;s oeyeka jeãfuys we¨Kq
;eke;a;df.a tl ojilajqj;a Ôj;a ùu W;=ïh˜hs
jodrd ta mkaishhu ry;a m,fhys msysg jQ fial'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 29

 ySk ùhH_ we;a;d ishla jila Ôj;a ùug jvd oeä ù¾hh we;sfhl=f.a Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

112¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj w,ij fjr ke;sju kï bkafka

l=iSf;d ySkùßfhd jir ishla jqj th fkdj ákafka
tldZyx Ôú;x fifhHd werUq fj/;sj oyï jvkafka
úßhZudrNf;d o<ayx ^8(13& ojila uq;a th W;=uehs okafka

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ù¾hjka;j f.jk Ôú;h b;d W;=ïh'
8 ^11& imamodi f;reka jykafia ^.d:d wxlh 112&

ie je;a kqjr ieoeyej;a mjq,l l=, orefjla

meúosj j;a ms<sfj;ays kshe,S uyKoï mqrd
miqj Wlg,S ù ^l,lsÍ& .sysùug is;=fhah' meúosj
úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^112 .d:dj&

l=iSf;d ySkùßfhd fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj" ^;f;d&

isg .sysùu Yl%j isg fyda n%yauj isg bka fjkaùula o<ayx ^úßhudrNf;d - úßhx ¬ wdrNf;d& úßhx
jeksh' tfyhska uyKlfïu isg ñhhdu hym;e˜hs wdrNf;d tld yx ðú;x fifhHd'
is;d thg Wmd fidhñka isáfhah' tla ojfil
l,lsÍug m;a uyKyq .ssksy,a f.h isá kd.fhl= l=iSf;d( j;ams<sfj;a wdosfhys ue<s jQ fyj;a l=iS;
l,hlg f.k ÿr,Eug hk neõ oel ;uka ÿ/,k jq¦ ySkùßfhd( ldhsl ffp;isl ùhH_ ;eke;a;d jQ¦
nj lshd ;ud l,h f.k lsisfjl= ke;s ;eklg fhd( hï mqoa.,fhla¦ fp jiai;x Ôfõ( boska wjqreÿ
f.dia khd ,jd ljdf.k uefrkakg jEhï flf<ah' ishhla Ôj;ajQfha kuqÿ ^ta Ôj;aùug jvd&¦ o<ayx(
wE; uE; weúÿjd w;amd lggoS;a fkdlEfhah' ta f;r oeä fldg¦ úßhudrNf;d(^úßhx ¬ wdrNf;da&
f;fï t;eka isg imamodi kï úh' ldhsl ffp;isl ùhH_ jvk NsËqjf.a¦ tldyx
ðú;x( tla ojil=ÿ Ôj;a ùu¦ fifhHd( W;=ï fõ'
oskla lrKejEñfhla ^oe<s /jq`M lmkafkla&
fjfyrg wjq;a lr iÕf,ka ^oe<smsyshd foflka& l=iS; jQ ySk ùhH_ we;s wfhla ishjila Ôj;aj úiSug
tlla ìu ;nd wksflka ysifla lemqfhah' Wlg,S f;r jvd oeäfia fjr jvkyqf.a tla oskla Ôj;aùu jqjo
ìu ;snq lrh wrf.k —ñka fndgqj ^fn,a,& lmd f.k fY%IaG fõ'
ñfhñ˜hs tla rell ysi ;nd f.k lrh fndgqfõ
;nd" ;uka fï olajd iq/ls is,a msßlaid ne¨fhah' újrKh
ukdj /ls is,ays msßisÿ neõ oel yg.;a fidïkiska
l=iSf;d( w,ih' j;a ms<sfj;ays yeoEÍï msrùïys ^mdvï lsÍfuys
uq`M isreru mskd.sfha th' uev mj;ajñka úoiqkg yd mdvï lSfuys& ue,s ;eke;a;dh' Woh-odj,-iji-mskak-wõj-
is; kkajd Tyq ry;a m,hg meñKsfhah'ta f;reka jeiai jYfhka i,ld lghq;a; mud fldg l,aoud mjq is;sú,sj,g
fndgqj lmd.kag f.dia ry;a jQ nejq ie,úh' tfyhska hgy;aj úiSu l=iS;hd f.a .;sh fõ'
jykaoE nqÿrcdKka fj;ska ta f;reka Wlg,Sùug;a
khd fkdlEug;a lreKq úuiQy' nqÿrcdKkajykafia l=iS;hd( ksf;dr zldu ú;lal - jHdmdo ú;lal - úysxid ú;lal
kï uk jvk rE - io wE mialï .=K úIfhys weia lka - kdia wE
zliqma nqÿrÿkaf.a iiafkys ta f;reka uyKj isg bÿrk msKùu i|yd is; fhduq lsÍuhs'
l,lsreKq meúos kulf.a isjqre msßlr .ekSug
wdidfldg ta kuf.a l,lsÍug wkqn, §u ksid fï jHdmdo Ñ;lal kï( wkai;=yq kefi;ajd" jekfi;ajd hk wkqka
w;a neõys ;uka f.a Wlg,S ùug th fya;= jQ njo ms<sn| kmqre is;sú,s .ek is; fhduq lsÍuhs'
ta khd fuhg ;=kajk w;a neõys ta f;rekaf.a
úysxid ú;lal kï( wkqkag ysxid mSvd we;sfjk hï hï foa
fufylre <ufhlaj isá neúka ysñhdg we;s jQ ìfhka lsÍug yd lrùug is; fhduq lsÍuhs'
fkdlE nj o jod<fial' wk;=rej jykaoE fndgqfõ
lrh ;nd lmd.kakg ;e;a lrk;=re ry;aùu .ek o<ayx ùßhx( oeä ù¾hh' t<U isá lghq;a; uq÷ka meñK ùu
úuiQy' nqÿrÿyq jvk ,o fjr we;shkg Tijd¨ mh i|yd werUq is;ai;kays n, mj;akd jer jEhuh' wl=i,a ueãu
ìu ;nkag fmr ry;a neõ fõhhs mjid zue,s jQ fjr yd l=i,a jeãu i|yd o flf,ia leùï - oeùï i|yd o werUq
úßhh'
ke;s hful= ishla jila Ôj;aùug jvd oeäfia fjr
jvk ;eke;a;d tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;a ùu W;=uehs jod<
fial'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 31

 yg.ekSu yd keiSu olakd ;eke;a;df.a tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

113¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj we;sjkq ke;sjkq fkdoel isákafka

wmiaix WohjHhx jir ishhla úiqj;a fkd jákafka
tldyx Ôú;x fifhHd we;sjkq ke;sjkq msßis| okafka
miaif;d WohjHhx ^8(14& ojila úiqj;a th fig jkafka

32 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 Woh jHh ÿgqjyqf.a Ôú;h W;=ïh
18 ^12& mgdpdrd fufyKsh ^.d:d wxlh 113&

ie je;a kqjr i;<sia fl<la muK Okfhka yd

biqfrka jevqKq isgq l=,hla úh' isgq oshKs
;=reKq úh m;aj lï iemfhys .scqj fufylre
ishhla Ôj;aùug jvd yg .ekSï keiSï kqjKska
olakyqf.a tl ojil Ôõ;aùu W;=ïh˜hs jodrd ta
fufyK ry;a m,fhys msysg jQ fial'
;reKfhl= iuÕ fmï ne| wE; fmfoilg f.dia
fufy fldg ÿlafia /fla' úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^113 .d:dj&

ta w;r isgq ÿj l=i .enla yg .ekqfKah' tfyhska" WohjHhx wmiai fhd fp jiai;x Ôfj ^;f;d&
—ud foudmshka <Õg hdhq;=he˜hs is;d' ta nj ieñhdg WohjHhx miaif;d tldyx ðú;x fifhHd
ie,l< l, —ud l, jrog ud kid m<s.ks;s˜hs is;d
.uk mud lf<ah' .uk mudùu ksid w;r u.oS WohjHhx wmiaix( mxpialkaOfhys WohjHh
mqf;l= ,enqkq fyhska fofokdu mq;= o /f.k úiQ fyj;a we;sùu yd ke;sùu fkdolakd jQ¦
;ekgu meñKshy' fhd( hï mqoa.,fhla¦ fp jiaii;x Ôfõ( boska
wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;ajkafka kuqÿ ^ta Ôj;a ùug
fojk jro ore .enla yg .ekqfKah' fmrfiau jvd&¦ WohjHhx miaif;d( mxpialkaOfhys
ujqmshka fj; hdug is;d mq;=ka /f.k uÕg jk' WohjHh olakd jQ NsËqjf.a¦ tldyx Ôú;x( tla
;o jeis iq<x úÿ,s .eiSï we;s ojfil fojk <uhd ojil=ÿ Ôj;a ùu¦ fifhHd( W;=ï fõ'
o ,enqfKah' ìß|g yd orejkg id;a;= lrk w;r
ieñhd kfhl= úiska oIag lrk ,ÿj ñh .sfhah' f,dalh yeu fohlau we;sj ke;sj ke;s jk nj
ieje;a kqjrg hdu i|yd l=vd orejka iu. wÑrj;S fkdis;d ishjila úiSug jvd th .ek is;ñka tla
.Õnvg meñK jeäuy,a ore fuf.dv isgqjd l=vd oskla úiSu fY%aIaG fjhs'
ore tf.dv f.k f.dia fydjd .Õ ueo fmr<d
hkakS wyi y~la weiS ne¨jdh' wyi hk Wl=iafila újrKh
wE;oSu ta orejd oel veyef.k hdug wyiska
niafkah' uj fõ.fhka w;af,ka w;a, .id y~ kÕd WohjHh( ^ rE wE mia l|hkaf.a& yeg.ekSu yd keiSuh'
osfhys mek hk w;r Wl=iq <ore veyef.k .sfhah' Woh kï( bmoSu - my< ùu - yg.ekSu hk f;areï we;s
fuf.dv isá mq;= —ud uj ug y~ .ifkah˜hs is;d jpkhls'
oshg nei .s,S uf<ah'
jHh kï( keiSï - ke;súï hk f;areï we;s jpkhls'
isgq ÿ yeéï je<mSï iys;j iej;a kqjr n,d ujq
miaif;d( ^mial| ms<sn| Woh - jh& olakyqf.ah'
mshka fj; hkakS yuqjk ñksiqka f.ka Tjqkaf.a mj;a
flfiaoe˜hs weiqjdh' Tjqyq ;o jeiai yd iq<x fõ.h;a WohjHh( oelau rE wE mial|hka f.a jifhka mia úis whqrls'
fya;= fldg isgq ud,s.dj weo jeà isgq;a foaú;a mq;=;a
thg hgj u<y' oeka Tjqyq tlu oriEhl oj;s˜hs
lSy' foorejkaf.ao" ieñhdf.ao" tlu or iEhl
oefjk ujqmshkaf.ao fidfydhqrdf.ao urK ksid
isgqÿj isys uq<d ù Wu;= ú,ia my< úh' ujqmshka
yd fidfydhqre ojk iEfhau ;ukq;a oefjkag
is;d mkskag hk l, fkdy÷kk ;eke;a;sfhlehs
.,auq,aj,ska .id t<jkakg jQy'

isgq ÿ Tjqkaf.a myßka ñfokq i|yd Wu;= fjiska bj;a

jQ ms<s we;sj jyd hkakS fojqrï fjfyrg jka l,
Wjeisfhda ms<s ye| jQy' nqÿrÿka wEg msysgúh' oyï
foid fida .sks ksjd fidajdka m, msysgqúh' wE urK
ìfhka ;e;s f.k iirg l,lsÍ fufyKska fjfik
wrul uyKjQjdh'

weh y¢kg ms<s ke;sj isg ms<s ,o fyhska mgdpdrd

kñka ye÷kqKs' úoiqfkys we¨Kq ta fufyK ÿgq
nqÿrÿyq /ia úysÿjd bosßfha jev issá fia wu;d —Woh
- jHh ^yg.ekSï - keiSï& fkdolakd jQ hfula wjqreÿ
wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 33
 ksjk fkdolakyq ishla jila Ôj;aùug jvd ksjk olakyq tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

114¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj ksjka wudmo fkdoek jikafka

wmiaix wu;x mox jir ishla úiqj;a fkd jákafka
tldyx Ôú;x fifhHd ksjka wudmo oel ksjikafka
miaif;d wu;x mox ^8(15& tl ojila jqj W;=uehs jkafka

34 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wudmoh olakyqf.a ðú;h W;=ïh
8 ^13& lsidf.da;ó fufyKsh ^.d:d wxlh 114&

ie je;a kqjr biqreu;a isgq l=,fhl f.da;ñ kï

l=ußhla jQy' ta isgq l=ußh ukd rE we;a;Sh"
ikaiqka meje;=ï we;a;Sh' ieu fok if;dia njg
úysÿjd bosßfha jev isá fia wu;d —ksjk fkdolakd jQ
hfula ishla jila Ôj;a ùug jvd wudmoh olakd jQ
;eke;a;df.a tla ojil==ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh˜hs jodrd ta
muqKqjk f;mq,a yd oSug i;==gq w;a we;a;Sh' ySka fufyK ry;a m,fhys msysgjQ fial'
isrere we;sj jefvk ta l=uÍ lsidf.da;ó kñka
ye÷kqKs' foudmsfhda ish l=,hg iß,k isgq l=ufrl=g úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^114 .d:dj&
wE irK mdjd ÿkay'
wu;x mox wmiaix fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj" ^;f;d&
l=i ore .enla ygf.k oiuia wejEfuka mqf;l= ,en wu;x mox miaif;d tldyx ðú;x fifhHd'
fifkayfhka /fla' mq;= oK .d hfkk l, blaujd
msh Tijd weúosk ;rï úfha oS uf<ah' mq;=f.a keiSu wu;mox( urK rys; jQ moh fyj;a wuD; uyd
ksid uq`M isreru fida .sksfhka oefjk wE iekiSug ksj_dKh¦ wmiaix( fkdolakd jQ¦ fhd( hï
lsisfjl=g;a fkdyels úh' mqoa.,fhla¦ fp jiaii;x Ôfõ( boska wjqreÿ
ishhla Ôj;ajkafka kuqÿ ^ta Ôj;aùug jvd&¦ wu;x
lsidf.da;ó fidúka fmf<ñka je<fmñka mq;=f.a u< mox miaif;d( wuD; uyd ks¾jdKh olakd jQ
isrer lr fydjdf.k —ud mq;=g fnfy;a lshkak˜hs mqoa.,hdf.a¦ tldyx ðú;x( tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;a ùu¦
weúoS' kqjKe;s imqßia flfkl=g lsidf.da;óhg fifhHd( W;=ï fõ'
fidúka we;sjqKq Wu;= .;sh oekqfKah' Tyq —wehs
f.da;ñhks ÿlajkafka@ Tn mq;=g fnfy;a lrjd ksjk fkdolakd whf.a ishjia osúhg jvd th
.;ukd kï fojqrï fjfyrg ksielj hkak' nqÿrÿyq olakyqf.a tla oskla ðj;aùu fY%IaG fõ'
fnfy;a oks;a˜hhs lSy' lsidf.da;ñ fjfyrg f.dia
—nqÿrÿka jykai" ud mq;=g fnfy;a oeks;aoe˜hs weiS' újrKh
nqÿrÿyq wef.a fida.sks ksùug ms<sfj<la fhdokq i|yd
—fnfy;a okqïy˜hs jod< fial' Wjukd fnfy;a weiQ wu;x mox( wudmoh" uÕ-m, keKska mila l< hq;= jq ksjkh'
crd-urK rys; jQ zwudZ iqjh' wud kï fkdfhla lma fl< .Kka
l, —fkdu< f.hlska wnñgla muK f.fkj˜hs mqrK ,o fmreï we;s nqÿ-mfianqÿ-uyijq hk W;=uka fijqKq is;a
jod<y' wE —ta b;d iq¨ fohle˜hs ie,lS' .ekajQ tlu msysg jQ W;=ï fi;h' ta isys kqjKska fhoS ukdj
/ls is,a we;s fkdmiqng oeä je/;s úoiqka u.ska jevqKq is;e;s
lsidf.da;ñ u<isrer lr fydjdf.k f.ka f.g mqÕ=,ka úiska isjq uÕ-m,hkg meñK mila fldg oelal hq;='
weúo fkdu< f.hlska fnfy;g wnñgla fidhd.; tfiau ,eìh hq;= ksjkh'
fkdyelsùh' —Ôj;aj issákjqkag jvd u<yq fndfyda wu; mox miaif;d( wud moh olakd ;eke;a;df.ah' wud moh
fj;s' mufKla fkdo;a yels˜hs is;d u< isrer oelSu kï" ksjK uÕ-m, keKhkg wruqKq fldg mila lr
bj;,d l,lsÍ fjfyrg f.dia nK wid fidajdkaj .ekSuhs' tn÷ ;eke;a;d tl ojila jqj;a Ôj;aùug W;=ïh'
fufyKska fjfik wrul uyK jQy' ojil lsid wud moh fkdolakyqf.a fyda olakg jer jEhï fkdlrkakyqf.a
f.da;ñ úoiqkg is; kxjd isák w;r nqÿrÿyq /ia ishla jila kuqÿ Ôj;aùu ksireh' W;=ï fkdjkafkah'

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 35

 oyï fkdolakyq ishla jila Ôj;a ùug jvd oyia olakyq tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh'

115¡ fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfj W;=ï oyï mo ke;skï okafka

wmiaix Oïuuq;a;ux ishla jila isáh;a fkdjákafka
tldyx Ôú;x fifhHd W;=ï oyï msßis| oek .kafka
miaif;d Oïuuq;a;ux ^8(16& tl ojil osú jqjo jákafka

36 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W;=ï oyï olakyqf.a ðú;h W;=ïh
8 ^14& nyqmq;a;sl fufyKsh ^.d:d wxlh 115&

ie je;a kqjr fkdu| biqfrka jevqKq mjq,laúh'

tys foud,af,da mkais,a /l oi wl=i,ska
je,lS fjfi;s' Tjqkg mq;a l=ureka i;a fofkl=;a
—W;=ï oyï ^kj f,djq;=re oyï& fkdolakd jQ hfula
wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;a ùug jvd W;=ï oyï olakd
;eke;a;df.a tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;aùu W;=ïh˜hs jodrd ta
ÿ l=ußhka i;a fofklehs ;=ÿia ^oi i;r& ¥ mq;a fufyK ry;a m,fhys msysgq jQ fial'
flfkla jQy' ksis jhiays ish l=,hg ieief|k
^.e<fmk& whqre mq;Kqjkag fhfy<shka i;a fofkla úia;rd;aul wkqjdoh ^115 .d:dj&
o ÿjkshkag nEKkqjka i;a fofkla o uÕ=,a Wf<,ska
irK ler ÿkay' Tjqyq uq,a f.h ujq mshkg ;nd ^Oïuuq;a;ux - Oïux ¬ W;a;ux& W;a;ux
f.j,a ;kdf.k fjka j fjfi;s' uj fndfyda ore Oïux wmiaix fhd fp jiaii;x ðfj ^;f;d&
msßila we;s l< fyhska nyqmq;a;sl hhs mis÷úh' mshd ^Oïuuq;a;ux - Ouux ¬ W;a;ux& W;a;ux Oïux
u< l, Okhg ysñ jQfha ujh' ta ish¨ foku ujg miaif;d tldyx ðú;x fifhHd'
i,l;s' Wjgefkys wvqjla fkdfmkaj;s'
W;a;ux Oïux( W;a;u jQ kjf,daflda;a;r Ou_h¦
ta orefjda —uEKsfhks" Okh fnod ÿk uekj' wms wmiaix( kqjKeiska fkdolakd jQ¦ fhd( hï
kqU fufia rl=ïy˜hs uj /jàug weúá,s nia mqoa.,fhla¦ fõ jiaii;x Ôfõ( boska wjqreÿ ishhla
lsh;s' ujf.a lsis /jáfula ke;' orejkg l=¨Kq Ôj;ajkafka kuqÿ ^ta ðj;aùug jvd&¦ W;a;ux
is;e;a;Sh' uj —fï Okh whs;s ud orejkg uehs is;d Oïux miaif;da( W;a;u jQ kjf,daflda;a;r ioaO_uh
orejka ksid uu /flñ˜hs i,ld ;=ÿia ÿ mq;=kg kqjKska olakyqf.a¦ tlyx Ôú;x( tl ojil=ÿ Ôj;a
;uka i;= lsisjla b;sß lr fkdf.k iu iu fia ùu¦ fifhHd( W;=ï fõ'
Okh i;=áka fnod ÿKs' uEKsfhda lsysm ojilg miq
jeäuy,a mq;=f.a f.org .shy' tod fogq fhfy<s W;=ï oyï fkdo;a;yqf.a ishjia úiSug jvd th
ms<s.ekqulaj;a ido ^i;aldr& lsÍula j;a ms<si|rla olakyqf.a tla osk osúh W;=ï fjhs'
^iqjÿla úpdÍula& j;a fkdfldg f.g f.dv jQ ieáfha
u fõ.fhka —Tn jeäu,a mq;= hhs hula jvd oS,do újrKh
fufyg wdfõ˜hs lsis ie,ls,a,la fkdl<dh'
f,dal=;a;rOïu( ^f,dal¬W;a;r¬Ouu& f,dal kï - mqyqÿka f,djh'
W;a;r kï tf;rh' Oïu kï u. - m, oyïh' mqyqÿka f,dúka
fiiq fhfy<syq;a tfiau lsjdy' ¥jreka i;a fok ^flf,ia iys; mia l|ska& u. - m, oyï mila fldg tf;r jQ
f.kao thg jvd idohla ^i;aldrhla& fkd,eìK' fyhska ta kjh kj f,djq;=re oyï kï'
uj l,lsÍ —ud jod yod Okh fnod ÿka orefjda o
ud fy< ols;s' ;j;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdúh hq;=˜hhs fidajdka( fï ;eke;a;d mjd fudla u. fy<s fldg mqyqÿka f,dúka
is;d fufyKjr ^fufyKska fjfik wru& uyKj tf;rg .uka .;a fyhska o kej; mqyqÿkg we;=<;a fkdjk
fyhska o f,djq;=re neõys msysáfha fõ' fya flfuka fiiq u. m,
nyqmq;a;sl kñka mis÷úh' ta fufyK oeä jer;sj ,en iõ flf,ia uq,skqmqgd keiSfuka kj f,dõ;=re oyï ysñ lr
;=kahï ? uq`M,af,ys úoiqkg is; kxjd isá neõ .kS' ish¨ ÿlska ñoS fi;a mqrd iekfia'
nqÿrÿyq oel /ia úysÿjd bosßfhys jev isá fia wu;d

wgjk mrsÉfPaoh ( iyii j.. 37

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î'O¾uodi mshdKkag
ksjka iqj m;d m%ldYkh lrk ,os'
mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
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m%shxld fndaêmCI

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j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
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 l=i,a lsÍfuys hqyqiq¨ jkak' is; múka j<ld .kak' mskg w,i jkakdyq f.a is; mfjys wef,a¡

116¡ wNsF:fr: l<HdfK lrkq weiqre l,K ñ;=re

mdmd Ñ;a;x ksjdrfh mõ lr ÿre is; ksr ;=re
okaOx ys lfrdf;d mq[a[x jqfKd;a kqyqre mskg uyre
mdmiañx ru;S ufkda ^9(1& mjg wefokakhs is; yqre

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 msfkys we,S - fkdjka ue,S
9 ^1& pq,a, talidglf.a j; ^116 .d:dj&

pq ,a, talidgl kñka m;< nuqKq hqj,la wrnhd

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev úiQ
iufhys fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
ls<sfhys Wkajykafia f.a we| u;af;ys iú lrù h'
wfkla jia;%fhka úhkla lrjd ish ksjfiys oskm;d
NslaIq kula oka j<|jk wiqkg by,ska iú lf<ah'
miq osfkl rc;=ud nqÿka j¢kakg foõrug .sh úg
ieje;a kqjr úiQ tla nuqKq hqj,lg .ukla ìukla nqÿrÿka f.a .| ls<sfhys ilid ;snqKq úhk oel ta
hk úg ye| .kq msKsi jQfha tl u W;=re i¿jls' ;ud talidglg msßkeuQ ú,a¨o jia;%h nj y÷kd
tfyhska hqj,gu tljr tlg .ukla hd .; .;af;ah' fujr jvd;a meyeÿKq rc;=ud iínp;=lal
fkdyels úh' tfyhska nK wikakg hk úg ìß| osjd ;Hd.h kñka tla j._fhka y;r ne.ska ;E.s y;a j._
ld,fhys f.dia wd úg rd;s% ld,fhys iajdñhd hhs' hla heùh' we;=ka y;r fofkla" wiqka y;r fofkla"
Tjqkg ztalidglZ ku fhÿfka tfyhsks' fiaúldjka y;r fofkla" fiajlhka y;r fofkla"
mKsjqv lrejka y;r fofkla" .ïjr y;rla yd
tla oskla /fhys talidgl nuqKd nK wikakg uqo,ska ydr oyila hjkakg fhosK'
.sfhah' tosk uq,a hdufhys oyï wik úg nuqKd
f.a is; mß;Hd.YS,h flf¾ fnfyúka keñKs' fï ;Hd.h ms<sn| mqj; weiQ NsËQyq —tal idgl
hula mß;Hd. lsÍfï n,.;= wdYdj is; Wmkak o nuqKd f.a l=i, lu_h weiamkdmsg u uydksixi
mqokakg jia;=jla fkdùu .eg¿jla úh' fokakg we;s oS we;s wdldrh wdYap¾hcklh˜ hs l;sld l< y'
tlu jia;=j jQ W;a;ridglh msÿjfyd;a nuqKdg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia jod< y' —uyfKks"
flfia fj;;a neñKshg u.g niskakg l%uhla ke;s n%dyauKhd m%:u hdufhaoS u ta jia;%h msÿjd kï" tla
fjhs' tfyhska fyf;u is; md,kh lr f.k oyï j._fhka 16 ne.ska ,efnkakg ;sìK' oaú;Sh hdufha
weiSh' rd;%s fojk hdufhys oS o Tyqg n,.;= odk oS msÿjd kï 8 ne.ska ,efnkakg ;sìK' flfia jqjo
fÉ;kdjla we;s jqj o W;a;r idglh msoSfï fÉ;kdj wjika hdufhys ms¥ fyhska iín p;=lal ^4 ne.ska&
md,kh lr .kakg isÿúh' jYfhka ,eìK' tfyhska hï fyd|la lrkakg is;g
woyila ths kï" th jydu l%shd;aul l< hq;= h'
mud l<fyd;a wdksYxi o mud jk w;r isf;ys my<
/fhys ;=kajk hdufhys os Ou_ Y%jKh lrk w;r jQ woyi mjg keóu ksid th lr .ekSu wmyiq ùug
Tyqg fufia is;sKs' —uf.a uiqre is; mrojd .kakg o ms<sjk'
ud wiu;a jqjfyd;a iir ÿla ksjd.kakg neßfjhs'
ud fï j;dfõoS ;DIaKdj md,kh lr fï W;=re i¿j újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^116 .d:dj&
nqÿrÿkag msosh hq;=h¡˜ tfia is;d fya W;a;r idglh
nqÿ mduq, ;eîh' tfia fldg ;uka ;u f,daNh mrojd l<HdfK wNsF:fr: "mdmd Ñ;a;x ksjdrfh mq[a[x
ch.;a m%S;sh fya;=fjka —uu ch.;sñ˜hs ;=kajrla okaOx ys lfrdaf;da ufkda mdmiañx ru;s'
m%ldY lf<ah' msßfia wiqka f.k nK wiñka isá
mfiakos fldfid,a rc ta wid l,n, jQfha Tyq lsishï l<HdfK( fyd| jev ^iqpß; Ou_fhys& lssÍfuys¦
l=uka;%Khla l<d oehs is;d Tyq f.ka m%Yak lrkak wNsF:fr:( hqyqiq¨ jkafka h¦ mdmd( mõlñka¦
rdcmqreIhkg Wmfoia ÿkafkah' we;s ;;= oek.;a Ñ;a;x( is;¦ ksjdrfh( j<ld.kak¦ mq[a[x( mska
rc;=ud nuqKd lr we;af;a lsisjl= úiska l< fkdyels lsßfuys¦ okaOx lfrdf;d( m%udo jkakyqf.a¦ ufkd(
;rï ÿIalr ld¾hhla fyhska Tyqg ;Hd.hla osh hq;= is;¦ mdmiañx( mdmfhys¦ ru;s (wef,hs'
nj ;SrKh lf<ah'
mska lsßfuysoS Wkkaÿfjka jyd jyd th l< hq;= h'
nuqKdg jia;% folla ;Hd. jYfhka fokakg rc;=ud is; mdmfhka j<ld .; hq;=h' mska lsÍfuys ,d mud
;SrKh lf<ah' ta jia;% folo fyf;u nqÿrcdKka jqjfyd;a is; mdmhg wefokakg bv ;sfí'
jykafiag mQcd lf<a h' túg rc;=ud Tyqg jia;%
y;rla msßkeóh' th o fya nqÿkagu mQcd lf<a h' újrKh
fufia jeä lrñka f.dia jia;% 32 la jQ ;ek nuqKd
tla jia;%hla ;udg;a tlla ìß|g;a ;nd f.k wNsF:fr: l<HdfK( hym;a foa flf¾ is; fhduq ùu ks;r
isÿjkakla fkd fõ' isf;ys iajNdjh wdl¾YKSh jQ mxplduh
b;sß jia;% ;sy nqÿrcdKka jykafiag mQcd lf<a h'
yd mdm ls%hd fj; fhduq ùuhs' tfyhska mqKH fÉ;kdjla we;s
nuqKd ÿka odkh w;sYh ÿIalr tlla nj o;a rc;=ud jQ jydu mud fkd lr ue,s fkdù jyd thlr fkd .;fyd;a
Tyqg iEfyk ix.%yhla l< hq;= hehs is;d tlla is; h<s;a my;a fohg u fhduq jkakg bv ;sfí' fyd| foa lsÍu
oyi ne.ska jákd ú,a¨o fros folla ud,s.fhka Wvqq.ï n,d msyskSula jeksh'
f.kajd n%dyauKhdg ;E.s lf<a h' nuqKd bka tllska
úhkla lrjd fÊ;jkdrdufhys nqÿrÿka jev úiQ .|
kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 7
 mõ kej; kej;;a fkd lrkak" thg leue;a; o fkd lrkak' mõ /iaùu ÿlg lreKq h¡

117¡ mdmx fp mqßfid lhsrd l<;a jrola flkl= jrlg

k ;x lhsrd mqkmamqkx fkdl< hq;= th ;j;a jrlg
k ;ïys PJox lhsrd: we¿ï fkdlrkq h<s lrkakg
ÿlafLd mdmiai WÉpfhd ^9(2& jeã mõ fjhs ÿla ú¢kakg

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jrlos l< mjq - h<s h<s fkdlrjq
9 ^2& fihHil f;reka f.a j;' ^117 .:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ ;:d.;hka jykafia

fihHil f;reka wern fï .d:dj jod< fial'
jQ kuq;a" ld¿odhs f;reKqfjda ksis l,g Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia .ug
le|jd f.k wdy'

mdm( f,daN" fodai" fuday fÉ;kd uq,a ùfuka lh" jpkh yd is;
fihHil f;rKqfjda ld¿odhs f;rekaf.a ys;ñ;% jQ y' hk ;=ka fodßka isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shdfjda wl=Y, l%shdfj;s'
meúos Ôú;fha we;s úúO nUirg wod, kS;s Í;s .ek wl=Y, l%shdjka f.ka ,efnk f,!lsl ÿlaLodhl m%;sM, .ek
t;rï i;=gla Wkajykafia ;=< fkd ùh' wka;sfï i,ld tajd mdm jYfhka kï flf¾' ixidrfhys wmd.; lrk
Wkajykafia iajhx wdiajdohg mqreÿ jQy' Wkajykafia Ôú;fhys .=Kd;aul Ndjh úIfhys mdm lu_ ksfIaOkd;aul f,i
n,mdhs' ;srYaÖk fhdaksfhys yd wmdfhys bmso mdmfhys úmdl
os.gu tfia lrk nj nqÿrcdKka jykafiago ú|skakg isÿ fjhs'
oek.kakg ,eìK'
wl=i, idOdrk ffp;issl( mdm l%shdjkag uq,a jk wl=i, idOdrK
—fihHil" Tn fujeks l%shdjl fhfok nj ienEjla ffp;issl y;rla .ek wNsO¾ufhys oelafõ'
o@˜ nqÿrcdKka jykafia m%Yak l<y'
tkï" 1' wysßl - iodpdruh ,Êcdfjka f;dr nj
2' wfkd;a;mam - iodpdruh ìh ^mjg nh& ke;slu
—tfyuhs iajdóks'˜ 3' wiykh ^WoaOÉp&
4' fuday - uq,dj hk fï y;rhs'
—fudav NsËqj" ;ukaf.a ;;ajhg fkd .e,fmk
fujeks wuk l%shdjla lrkakg Tn fm<eUqfKa flfia uQ,( mdm l¾uhg uq,ajk wl=Y, uQ, fyj;a wl=Y, fya;= ;=kla
fjhs' fïjd fÉ;kdjl l=i, fyda wl=i, iajrEmh úksYaph lrhs'
o@˜ hs mejiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tu l%shdfjys my;a
nj olajñka Ou_ foaYkd fldg YsËd f.!rjfhka wl=Y, fya;= ;=k kï" f,daNh" fodaih yd fudayhhs'
l%shd lrkakehs wjjdo l<y' fujeks wkqjKlï j,ska
isÿjkafka mõ jeä ù ÿ.;sfhys ÿla ú|skakg nj Bg m%;smË wf,daN" wfodai yd wfuday hk ;=k l=Y, uQ, fj;s'
meyeos,s l< nqÿrcdKka jykafia jeroSulska jrla
flkl= ;=, f,daNh Wmoskafka m%shckl rEm úIfhys w{dk
mõlula l< o th os.ska os.g fkd l< hq;= nj wdldrfhka os.ska os.g is;Su fya;=fjks' wm%sh ckl rEm úIfhys
oelajQ y' tfia w{dk f,i is;Sfuka oafõIh we;sfjhs' fï fol ;=<g
ishqï yd r¿ ish¨u wkqkh-m%;s> ufkda jD;a;ska wka;¾.;
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^117 .d:dj& fõ' fuu wl=Y, fÉ;kdjka uq,a lrf.k lrkq ,nk mdm l%shd
w;r m%dK>d;h" fidrlu" ldu ñ:Hdpdrh" uqidjdoh" fla,dï
lSu" mreI jpk lSu" ysia jpk lSu" wNsoHdj" jHdmdoh" yd
fp mqßfid mdmx lhsrd ;x mqkmamqkx k lhsrd' ñ:HdoDIaáh we;=<;a h' fïjd isÿjkafka f,daN" fodai fyda fuday
;ïys Pkaox k lhsrd: mdmiai WÉpfhd ÿlafLd mdol ùfuks'

fp( boska¦ mqßfid( hï mqoa.,fhla¦ mdmx( mõlula¦ fuu ÿIag fÉ;kdjkaf.ka msß i;ajfhda ;uka f.a úkdYh
lhsrd( lf<a jqjo¦ ;x( th¦ mqkmamqkx( kej; kej;¦ msKsi" wkqkaf.a úkdYh msKsi fyda wkqka yd ;uka hk WNh
mËfhau úkdYh msKsi l%shd lr;s' ldh" Ñ;a;" jdla hk ;s%úO
k lhsrd( fkdl< hq;=h( ;ïys( tys( Pkaox( we,aula oajdrfhka fufia mdm l%shdjka ys ksr; jkafkda wd;aud¾:fhys yd
^reÑhla&( k lhsrd:( fkdlrkak( mdmiai( mõj, mrd¾:fhys h:drEmh fkd oks;s' wúoHdfjka wkaOj fudayfhka
WÉpfhd( tl;= ùu( ÿlafLd( ÿlls' uq<dj l%shd lrk Tjqyq wdOHd;añl Ydka;sh ú| fkd .ks;s'

hful= mdm l¾uhla l< o th kej; kej;;a fkd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —fkd ±k .sks wÕ=re uev.;a flfkla tys
u mh Tnd fkdisg jyd mdoh bka bj;g .kakd fia" isyskqjKska
l< hq;=h' ta mdm l%shdj ms<sn| reÑhla we;s lr fkd
f;drùula ksid fyda mdmsIaGhka yd tlaj ùisula ksid hïlsis
.; hq;=h' mõ /iaùu ÿlg fya;=jla fyhsks' mdml¾uhla lf<a kuqÿ tflfKysu kqjKska fufkys fldg
—fun÷ ,dul l%shd lsÍu Tfí cd;s" f.%da;%" jhia wdÈhg kqiqÿiqh˜
újrKh hs i,ld jydu bka je<lsh hq;=h˜hs jod< fial¡

ld¿odhs f;rKqfjda( fihHil ysñhka iquÕ heùfï j.lSu

Wkajykafiaf.a ys;ñ;% ld¿odhs ysñhkg mejßKs' ld¿odhs
f;reka kï nqÿrÿka f,dj my, jQ Èku my, jQ i;a rejkska
tlls'

^1' Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafia" 2' hfYdaOrd foaúh" 3' i;r uyd
ksOdk" 4' wfrdaykSh kï rdclSh yia;shd" 5' lka:l wYajhd"
6' Pkak weu;s 7' ld¿odhs hk y; tod my< úh'

fndai;=ka nqÿ jQ miq lms,jia;=jg jvujd .kq jia iqfodjqka

rc;=ud hejQ ish¨u ¥;hka ;u .súiqï wu;l lr ry;aj meúos

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 9

 mskla lf<a kï th kej; kej;;a lrkak' l=i,a /iaùu iemhg lreKqh¡

118¡ mq[a[x fp mqßfid lhsrd mskalï kï l< hq;= fjhs

lhsrdf:;x mqkmamqkx kej; kej; l< hq;= uhs
;ïys Pkaox lhsrd: mskg we¿ï l< hq;= fjhs
iqfLd mq[a[iai WÉpfhda ^9(3& mska jeä kï iem jeä fjhs

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ,efnhs iem jeäfhka - lf<d;a mskalï jeäfhka
9 ^3& ,dcd fojÕkf.a l:d m%jD;a;sh ^118 .d:dj&

fo
fial'
õrï fjfyfrys jev úiQ ;:d.;hka jykafia
,dcd kï fojÕkla wrnhd fï .d:dj jod<
fldg ñh.sh uu Tn jykafia g oka ÿka mskska
osjHd;auNdjhla ,nd .;a;d' b;ska ud fï osjH Y%S
iïm;a ,nd .;af;a Tn jykafia f.a lreKdj ksid'
ta fya;=fjka uu Tn jykafia f.a l=ÿ-uy;a lghq;=
uyd liaim f;reka jykafia msmam,S jkfhys jev lrkakg leue;af;ñ' ta Wjgeka u.ska ug foõ ñksia
jdih lrk fiala i;a oskla fkd lvjd iuj;a fo.;sfhys iemg jvd W;=ï ksjka iqj i,id .;
iqjfhka .; l< fial' iudêfhka keÕS isá yels fj;shs is;ñ'˜ foõÿj lSjdh'
Wkajykafia ;uka jykafiag ms`vq isÕd jäkakg ;ekla
úuik fiala tla l=Uqrla rlakd f.ú,shla osjeiska —Bfha fï ñÿ, w;=.d msßisÿ lf<;a" meka fmrd ilid
oel ´f;dfuda ieoeye;shla o" fkd tfia kï ieoeye ;enqfj;a Tnu o@˜ —tfiah iajdóka jykai¡˜
ke;a;shla o hs úuiQ fiala ieoeye;shla nj oek ´
f;dfuda ;ukag wkq.%y lrkakg iu¾:fõoehs úuiQy' —jydu fu;kska msgjkak foõÿj' Tn úiska l< fiajd
—´ f;dfuda kqjKe;a;S h' l< mska we;a;S h' ;sfíjd' kej; fuys fkd meñfKkafka kï fhfyls'˜
´ f;dfuda ug wkq.%y fldg tys mqKH¾êh fya;=fldg
f.k Wiia m%;sM,hla ,nkakSh˜hs oek.;a Wkajykafia —iñ÷ks" tfia fkd l< uekú' ug fuys l=ÿ-uy;a
md isjqre f.k weh rlakd fl; wi,g jevu lghq;= lr f.k isg uf.a úuqla;sh i,id .kakg
l< y' ia:úrhka jykafia l=Uqr wi,g jev isákq ÿgq Wmldr jqj uekú'˜
ieoeyej;a f.ú,sh miajKla m%S;sfhka mskd .shdh'
´ f;dfuda jydu osj f.dia WKq n;a f.kjq;a iajdóka —foõÿj" lreKdlr fu;kska hkak' zwkd.;fha
jykafiag ms<s.ekaù h' tfia ms<s.kajd —iajdóks" oS O¾u lÓlhka nK lshkakg mgka .;a úg uyd
Tn jykafia oel.;a i;Hhg uu o ysñlrefjla liaim ia:úrhkag l=ÿ-uy;a lghq;= lr fok
fjïjd'˜hs m%d¾:kh l<d h' —Tnf.a m%d¾:kh iuDoaO foõÿjla isáhdhZhs lshkak bv fkd ;nkak'˜
fõjd˜hs mska ÿka f;reka jykafia weh kuialdr lr
iuq.;a miq wdmiq msg;a jQ fial' ta weiQ foõÿj y`vd je,mS" fYdalfhka mSä; yo
we;sj" l÷,ska msreKq fofk;ska hq;=j bj;aj .shd
ta ieoeye;s f.ú,sh o f;reka jykafiag h' fï ksñ;s lrf.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fuf,djoS
ms<s.ekajQ odkh ms<sn|ju uy;a ikaf;daIfhka fukau mrf,djoS o iem ,efnkafka mska lsÍfuka
wdj¾ckd lrkakS o ksfji n,d hkakg msg;a jQjd h' muKla nj meyeÈ,s lr § fuu .d:dj o foaYkd
uÕ fomi jQfha l=Uqreh' l=Uqrla wi, jQ tla ;=Uil l< fial'
úIf>dar im_fhla jdih lf<a h' f;reka jykafia ÿgq újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^118 .d:dj&
im_ f;u isjqfrka md jeiS ;snqfKka oIaG lrkakg
wiu;a jQfha h' tfy;a ldka;dj t;ek miq lr h;a u mqßfid fp mq[a[x lhsrd' ;x mqkmamqkx lhsrd:'
weh f.a mh oIag lf<a h' oreKq úI isrefrys me;sr ;ïys Pkaox lhsrd: mq[a[iai WÉpfhda iqfLd'
.sfhka isysiqkaj weo jegqKq ldka;dj tflfKysu ñh
.shd h' ieoeye is;ska ÿka odkh ms<sn|j is;ñka isg mqßfid( mqreI f;fï¦ fp( boska¦ mq[a[x( mskalula¦
ñh .sh fyhska jydu osjHd;auNdjhla ,oaod h' ;uka lhsrd( lrkafka kï¦ ;x( th¦ mqkmamqkx( kej;
fï osjHdkqNdj ,oafoa ljr fyhskaoehs ne¨ ´ kej;¦ lhsrd:( l< hq;=h¦ ;ïys( tysu¦ Pkaox(
—f;reka jykafia ksidh˜hs oek f.k Wkajykafia we,au¦ lhsrd:( l<hq;af;ah¦ mq[a[iai WÉpfhda(
f.a wdrduh mú;% lsÍï wdosh l<d h' úydria:dkh mska /iaùu¦ iqfLd( iqjodhlh'
ukdj msßisÿ lr ;sfnkq ÿgq Wkajykafia lsishï w¿;a
idufKar kula fyda mßjdisl NsËqjla fuh lrkakg mska lrk ;eke;a;d kej; kej; mska lsÍu iqÿiqh'
we;ehs is;+y' fojk oskfha o foõÿj tfia l< w;r mska lsÍug u leu;s ùu fhda.Hh' mska jeä jeäfhka
f;reka jykafia o tu ;SrKhgu t<UqK y' tfy;a tl;= ùu iem ,efnkakg fya;= fjhs'
;=kajk osk w;=.dk y~ weiS ljqreka úiska fuh
lrkq ,efíoehs oel .kq ßis jQ f;reKqfjda h;=re újrKh
isÿfrka neÆ y' Yßrfhka rYañ úysfok rEm fYdaNd
mq[a[( mska' idudkH jHjydrfhys oS l=i,a yd mska w;r fjkila
iïmkak wmairdj ÿgq uyd liaim f;rKqfjda —ljqo
fkd olaj;;a tys ishqï fjkila ;sfí' tlu l%shdj ks¾jdKh
Th w;=.dkafka@˜ hs úuiQy' —iajdóks" ta uu Tn ms<sn| wfmaËdj uq,a lr f.k ú.%y lrk úg l=i,hla f,io
jykafia f.a Y%dúldj ,dcd˜ —ta kñka ug Y%dúldjla osjH-ukqIH iïm;a ,eîu ms<sn| oDIaáfhka ú.%y lrk úg mska
keye˜ —iajdóks" ud f.ú,shla j l=Uqr rlakd úg jYfhka o y÷kajkq ,efí' iEu l=i, lu_hlska u wksjdhH_fhka
Tn jykafia ms`vq is`.d jeähd' todu im_hl= oIaag mskaisÿ fõ'

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 11

 mõ l< ;eke;a;d mõ m, fok;dla tys hym; olS' mõ m, fok l, tys úmdl ÿla olS¡

119¡ mdfmdZms miai;s Nøx fudark ;=re l< mdmh

hdj mdmx k mÉp;s lrk whg mõ ñysßh
hod p mÉp;s mdmx fïrE ojig mdmh
w: mdfmd mdmdks miai;s ^9(4& f.k ths Tyq fj; idmh

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fudark ;=re - mj iqñhqre
9 ^4& wfkams`vq isgq j; ^119 iy 120 .d:d&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

ieje;a kqjr jdih l< lS¾;su;a odkm;s
wkd:msKaäl isgqjrhd wern fï .d:d fol foaYkd
—isgq;=uks" ÿr os. fkdn,d f.!;uhka f.a Ydikh
fjkqfjka úhoï lsÍu ksid Tn oeka ÿmam;aj isáhs'
tfy;a ;ju;a Tn lrkafka bjrhla ke;sj oka oSu
l< fial' h' fufia lrf.k .shfyd;a ;j ál osklska lEug
we£ugj;a fohla ke;s ;;aFjhg Tn jefgkq we;'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag foõrï fjfyr ;kd oSug Tng Th f.!;uhka f.ka we;s m%fhdackh l=ula o@
muKla fldaá mKia y;rla úhoï l< wfkams`vq odkm;slï u|lg kj;d ;ukaf.a jHdmdr .ek is;
isgdfKda isß;la jYfhka oskm;d ;=ka jrla fhdojkak'˜ foõÿj lSjd h'
nqoafOdamia:dkhg meñKshy' úydria:dkhg hk
yeu úgu l=vd idufKarjre meñK —wmg fudkjdo —Th Tn ug fokakg wd wjjdoh o@˜
f.kdfõ@ hs uf.a w; n,d úui;s˜hs is;ñka hula
/f.k hhs' lsisúfgl fya ysia w;ska fkd hhs' —tfia h isgq;=uks' Tfíu hym;g th Tng
mejiqfjñ¡˜
idudkHfhka Wfoa hk úg fya le| f.k hhs' Wfoa
yS,a odkfhka miq hkafka kï" t<Õs f;,a" fj`vre —tfia kï fï m,df;aj;a fkd isg ÿßka ÿrgu hkak'
jeks hula fyda .s,dkmÉph .Khg jefgk fohla Tn jeks wh ,CIhla wjq;a lSj;a uf.a .uka u.
f.k hhs' ijia jrefjys hk úg iqj| ú,jqka" u,a fjkia fkd jkq we;' Tn ug lSfõ Tng whs;s ke;s
oï jeks fohla fyda isjqre msßlr f.k hhs' isgq;=udg fohls' uf.a ksjfia úiSfuka m,la ke;' jydu neyer
w;ñg ire fyhska fndfyda wh Tyqf.ka Kh .kqfokq fjkq¡˜
lr;s' fufia fj<÷kag ÿka Kh j,ska fldaá oy wgla
wdmiq f.jkq fkd ,eìK' fï w;r Tyqf.a mjqf,a isgq;=ud tfia mejiQ miq ;jÿrg;a ta ueÿfrys jikakg
ksOka lr ;snqK Okhla jQ fldaá oy wgla .xj;=rg wiu;a jQ foõÿj ;u orejka o /f.k msg jQjd h'
wiqj .id f.k .sfha h' fï fya;=fjka isgq;=udg
wd¾Òl ÿIalr;d we;s úh' tfy;a ta fkd yÕjd ^u;= iïnkaOhs&
iqmqreÿ mßos ix>hd jykafia,dg oka oSfï lghq;=
lr f.k .sfha h' flfia jqj o fmr fuka m%KS; újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^119 .d:dj&
wdydr-mdkdosh imhkakg wmyiq jQ fyhska odk jia;=
idudkH ;;ajfhka ilik ,os' hdj mdmx k mÉp;s mdfmd wms Nøx miai;s' hÞ p
mdmx mÉp;s w: mdfmd mdmdks miai;s'
oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia isgq;=udf.ka —Tn ksjfia
nqÿ mdfudla uy i`. rejkg fkd lvjd oka ms<sfh, hdj( hï;dla¦ mdmx( mõlu¦ k mÉp;s( fudard
fjkjd fkd fõo@˜ hs úuiQ úg —iajdóks" tfia h' fkd.sfha o ^tf;la&¦ mdfmd wms( mõ lrkakd o¦
tfy;a wdydr m%KS; ke;' kSri wyr iy weUq,a le| Nøx( ^th& hym;a fia¦ miai;s( olshs¦ hÞ p( hï
fndfyda úg msßkukakg isÿfjhs¡˜ ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka oskl¦ mdmx( mdm l¾uh¦ mÉp;s( úmdl foao¦ w:(
jykafia —isgqjrh" ud nqÿ mdfudla uy iÕkg tl,ays¦ mdfmd( mõlrkakd¦ mdmdks( ÿ¾úmdl¦
msßkukafka kSri wyr hehs ÿla fkd jkak' fÉ;kdj miai;s( olshs'
msßisÿ kï nqoaOdoS W;=ukg fok wdydr kSri jkafka
ke;'˜ hs jod< y' wfkams`vq isgdKkaf.a ueÿfr ys mõlï lrk mqoa.,hd mdmh fudard hk;=re tys
m%fõYfhys tla foõÿjla jdih l<d h' nqÿrÿka yd wdiajdokSh me;a; olshs' mdmh fudard .sh oskg fya
wk| ysñhka msúfik úg Wkajykafia,df.a .=K tys úmdlh ú¢hs'
uysuh ksid wehg ìug nei .re lrkakg fjhs'
ks;r ks;r tfia lsÍfuka mSvdjg m;aj Wka ´ oeka
isgq;=ud wd¾Òl wfyakshg uqyqK md isák fyhska Tyqg
lreKq lshd Wkajykafia,d f.a .uk kj;kafkñ hs
is;d rd;%sfhys isgq;=ud f.a ksok ldurfhys wyfiys
fmkS isáhd h' —fï ljqoehs˜ isgq;=ud m%Yak l< úg
—isgq;=uks" uu Tnf.a jdi, jdih lrk foaj;djd
fjñ' uu Tng wjjdohla lrkq i|yd meñKsfhñ˜ hs
mejiqjd h' —fyd|hs Tng lshkakg we;s foa lshkak˜
hs isgq f;u mejiSh'

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 13

 mska l< ;eke;a;d o mskam, fok;=re th wmyiq fia olS' mskam, fok l, tys hym; olS¡

120¡ NfødaZms miai;s mdmx fudark ;=re l< mskalï

hdj Nøx k mÉp;s fkd oks;s tys jákdlï
hø p mÉp;s Nøx fïre osk mska l< ok
w: Nføda Nødks miai;s ^9'5& ú|s;s ñysß M, mskalï

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fudard f.dia M, fok ;=re - msk;a fmfka mjla whqre
9 ^4& wfka ms`vq isgq j; ^119 - 120 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

k j;skakg ueÿrla fidhñka ieje;a kqjr mqrd

ießierej o wehg ;ekla fkd ,eìKs' —oeka
lrkakg fohla ke;' uu isgq;=ud iud lrjd f.k
;:d.;hka jykafia yuqjg le|jd f.k f.dia —Tn
l< ish¿ foa lshkak˜ hs mejiS h'

kej; t;=ud f.a ksjfiau jdihg wjldY ,nd .; nqÿ mduq, je| jegqKq foõÿj —iajdóks" udf.a fkd
hq;= h˜hs is;+ ´ f;dfuda k.rdrlaIl foaj;djdKka oekqj;alu ksid" Tnjykafiaf.a lS¾;su;aNdjh
fj; f.dia —lreKdlr ud isgq;=udKka fj; le|jd fkd oek mdmS jpk mejiqfjñ' udf.a tu ÿ¾jpk
f.k hkak' ug t;=ud f.ka iudj ,nd .kak j,g iudjk fialajdæ˜ hs mejiqjd h' fufia ta foõ ¥
wjYHh˜hs lSjd h' f;dfuda nqÿrÿka yd isgq;=ud iud lrjd .;a;S h'

—Tn lr we;af;a whs;s ke;s jevls' jro b;d nrm;, mska yd mõ uqyql=rd hk whqre .ek foõ ÿj yd
fyhska isgq;=ud fj; Tn le|jd f.k hkakg uu isgq;=ud wu;d Ou_ foaYkd l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
wlue;af;ñ˜hs fya m%;slafIam lf<a h' wk;=rej fï .d:d fol jod< fial'
´ y;rjrï foúhka fj; .shd h' tfy;a Tjqyq o
wehg Woõ lsÍu m%;slafIam l< y' wk;=rej Yl% újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^120 .d:dj&
foafõkaøhd yuqjg .sh ´ isÿ jQ ish,a, fy<s fldg
b;d hgy;aj fufia lSjd h' —ug jdihg lsisu ;ekla hdj Nøx k mÉp;s Nføda wms mdmx miai;s' hÞ p
ke;' ug flfia fyda ud úiQ ;eku ,nd ÿk uekú¡˜ ta Nøx mÉp;s w: Nfød Nødks miai;s'
wid isá Yl% foafõkaøfhda isgq;=udg fï .ek lshkakg
uu o wiu;a fjñ' tfy;a Tyq iud lrjd .kakg hdj( hï;dla¦ Nøx( l=Y, l¾uh¦ k mÉp;s( úmdl
fyd| Wml%uhla uu lshd foñ˜hs mejiq fyhska fkd foao ^tf;la l,a&¦ Nføda wms( l=Y,a l<
—uekú iajdóks" lshd fokq uekú˜ hs ´ lSjd h' ;eke;af;a o¦ mdmx( ^th& kmqre fia¦ miai;s( olshs¦
hÞ p( hï oskl¦ Nøx( l=Y, l¾uh¦ mÉp;s( úmdl
—hkak" isgq;=ud f.a fiajlhl= f.a fjia .kak' isgq;=ud foao¦ w:( tl,ays¦ Nfød( l=Y,a lrkakd¦ Nødks(
w;ska ,shQ Kh lrejka f.a ,ehsia;=jla ,nd .kak' bIagúmdlhka¦ miai;s( olshs'
Tn f.a osjHuh f;aci" n, uysuh fhdojd Kh
.;a;jqka f.ka ,efnkakg we;s oy wg fldaáh tl;= hï;dla l,a l=Y, l¾uh úmdl fkd foa o tf;la l,a
lr isgq;=ud f.a NdKavd.drh mqrjkak' .xj;=rg l=Y,a l¾u lrk mqoa.,hd th kmqre fia olshs¡ l=Y,
wiq ù uy uqyqog .sh isgq ;=ud f.a oy wg fldaáhla l¾uh fudard .sh oskg Tyq tys bIag úmdlhka olshs'
rka lyjKq o f.kZjq;a tys mqrjkak' ;j;a rg mqrd
;eka ;eka j, wiajdñl Okh ksokaj ;sfí' tajdhskq;a újrKh
oy wg fldaáhla f.kjq;a .nvdfjys ;nkak' fï
ish,a, l< úg t;=ud f.a NdKavd.drh msfrkq we;' wkd:msKaäl isgq;=ud( ^wfkams`vq isgq;=ud& Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
isá m%Odk Þhlhd h' Tyq f.a kshu ku ziqo;a;Z h' tfy;a
fufia l< úg Tfí jrog o`vqju ,enqKd yd iudk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a odhlhl= njg m;aj odkm;shl= jQ miq
fjhs' wk;=rej f.dia isgq;=ud iud lrjd .kak¡˜ zwkd:hkag Wmldr lrk ;eke;a;dZ hk wre;ska zwkd:msKaälZ
Yl% foafõkaøhd fï l%uh lshd ÿka úg thg tlÕ jQ ku fhosKs' Tyq Wmkafka ieje;a kqjr h' nqÿrcdKka jykafiag
foõ ÿj ta ish,a, lr" ksujQ miq isgq;=ud f.a we;=¿ wdrduhla mQcd lrkq msKsi bvula fijQ fyf;u fÊ; l=udrhd
.efnys YÍrdf,dalh úysÿjñka wjldYfhys fmkS f.a WoHdkh rkaldis w;=rd ñ<hg f.k" fÊ;jkdrduh bos lr
nqÿrcdKka jykafiag mQcd lf<a h'
isáhd h'
w: mdfmd mdmdks miai;s( mõ lrk mqoa.,fhda ;uka f.a merKs
—Tn ljqo@˜ isgq;=ud m%Yak lf<a h' —ta uu" Tn;=ud mskaM, N=la;s ú¢ñka iqjfia fjfikq wms olsuq' j;_udk mdm tla
f.a ksjfia isá wkaO nd, foõÿj' uu uf.a jro /ia fjoaoS merKs l=i,a úmdl fohs' fï olakd idudkH ckhd tys
ms<sf.k Yl% foafõkaøhd ÿka Wmfoia mßos" Tn;=ud widOdrKhla ols;s' we;eï úg mdmhg úmdl ke;ehs jeros oDIaá
mjd we;s lr .ks;s' tfy;a th uq,djla muKs' wksjd¾h iajNdj
f.a NdKavd.drh fldaá mkia y;rla rka lyjKq kHdhla jQ lïu kshduh wkqj mdmfhys úmdl hï oskl ,efnkq
j,ska msrjQfhñ' uf.a jrog uu ms<shï lf<ñ' ug we;' tfia jQ l, mdmshd mdm úmdl oek .kshs'
jdih msKsi fjk;a ia:dkhla fkd ue;' tfyhska uu
ÿlg m;aj fjfiñ˜ hs ´ lSjd h' w: Nføda Nødks miai;s( l=i,a lrñka Ôj;a jk hym;a
mqoa.,fhla jqj o w;S; mdm úmdl ú¢ñka isák úg l=i, úmdlh
.ek iuyreka úu;shg m;a úh yel' tfy;a tla /ia jk mqKH
wfkams`vq isgq;=ud o —fï foõÿj weh l< jrog úmdlh Tyqg Bg WÑ; wjia:djl ,efnkq we;'
ms<shï l< nj lshhs' weh f.a jro ms<s.kshs' uu
weh nqÿrÿka yuqjg muqKqjkafkñ˜ hs is;d weh

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 15

 wl=i,h iq¨ hehs wjuka fkd lrkak' u| u| jqj o mõ /ia lrk wkqjKhd múka msf¾¡

121¡ udmamu[af[a: mdmiai mj iq¿ fldg fkd;lkafka

k ux ;x wd.ñiai;s m, fkdfo;shs is;ñkafka
Woìkaÿ ksmdf;k osh ì| ì| /iajkafka
Wol=ïfNdZms mQr;s Èh l,hla ms/fjkafka
mQr;s ndf,d mdmiai wuk nd, ckhkafka
f:dl f:dlïms wdÑkx ^9(6& ál ál mõ f.dv jkafka

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mõ iq¿ fldg fkd;lkafka
9 ^5& fkdie,ls,su;a NsËqjla ^121 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jdih lrk iufhys

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wdrduhg wh;a .Dy
NdKav kdia;s l< NsËqkula wrnhd fï .d:dj
fo jeoereï h' tajdhska .re NdKav wdrduhg wh;ah' tajd fnokq
fkd ,efí' fnokq ,nk NdKav i`oyd NsËqka jykafia,d w;=ßka
u ks, ork msßila m;aj isá nj oelajhs' uqj msi ouk ;=jd
Ndrf.k fnokakg isá ysñ ku uqL mq[cl fjd< Ndcl kï úh'
foaYkd l< fial' isjqre fnok NsËqj Öjr Ndcl kï úh' fï l%uhg úYd, msßila
b;d ie,ls,af,ka ix>sl foam, mßyrKh l< y'
tu NsËQka jykafia mkaif,a lúÉÑ" mqgq" nxl="
we|ka wdoS ljr NdKavhla jqj o" mdúÉÑ lr wdrduh jqj o w;=.d" ul=`M oe,a lvd" ìu r;= meye .,ajd
m%shxlr fmkqfuka ;nd .; hq;= úh' ñÿ,a w;= m;= .d ;nd .;
ñÿf,a t,suyfka ouhs' tajd jeiaig f;ó ydkshg hq;=h'
m;a fõ' iuyr tajd fõhka úiska ydks lrkq ,efí'
fufia NdKav úkdYhg hk wdldrh oel NsËQyq i`. i;= foam, wksis f,i mßyrKh lrk NsËqkag mdÑ;a;sh
fï j.lSfuka f;dr kdia;sldr iajrEmh .ek fodia wm;a;shla isÿjhs' tu kS;sh mdÑ;a;sh md,sfh ys olajd we;'
mejrE úg —uu fïjd kdia;s lrkafka kE' n,kak"
ix>hd jykafia,d úiska ;ukag msß kefuk foam, mßyrkh
ta ;rï f,dl= kdia;shla fj,d keyefka@˜ hs lshhs' lrk wdldrh l%udkql+,j j¾Okh ù úfYaI md,k ixúOdkhla
tfy;a os.gu kdia;sldrlï lrhs' we;s úh' ,xldfõ fÊ;jk úydrh md,khg tn`ÿ úfYaI
lñgqjla msysgqjd f.k ;sìK' oskm;d wh jeh jd;_d ;eksu" i;s
fï kdia;sldr NsËqj .ek nqÿrcdKka jykafiag o m;d" udia m;d jd;_ ;ekSu .ek yd jd¾Isl wh jeh iudf,dapkh
ie, úh' —uyK Tn fufia lsÍu jeros h' mdml%shd .ek oS>_ úia;r tys oelajhs' wdrdu foam, md,kh .ek uq,a úkh
msglfhys fkd jQ úia;r miqj ilia jQ md,s uq;a;l úkfhys
.ek ieye,a¨fjka fkd is;kak' hula iq¿ fia fmkqk oelafõ'
o l%ufhka th úYd, úh yelsh˜ hs wjjdo fldg fï
.d:dj jod< y' NsËqkulg fm!oa.,sl jia;=j jYfhka we;af;a wg msßlr muKs'
;ks mg isjqr" fomg isjqr" w`okh" máh" b`oslgqj yd kQ,a" md;%h"
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^121 .d:dj& fmryka lvh iy oe,s msysh tu wg msßlr h' fuu fm!oa.,sl
msßlr jqj o NsËq kulf.a urKfhka miq ix>sl jjhs'

;x ux k wd.ñiai;s mdmiai udmamu[af[a: NsËqka jykafia,d ieoeyefhka ms¥ foa kdia;s fkd lr Wmßu
^mdmx wmamx udju[af[a:& Woìkaÿksmdf;k wms jYfhka m%fhdack .kakd wdldrh isjqre úYd, m%udKhla ,enqKq
Wol=ïfNd mQr;s' f:dlf:dlx wms wdÑkx ndf,d wjia:djl tjdfhka lrkafka l=ulaoehs úuikq ,enQ úg ÿka
ms<s;=re j,ska fmfka' w`M;a isjqre ,enqKq úg mrK isjqre w; msi
mdmiai mQr;s
oeóug" mdmsis yeoSug jeks foag fhdokq ,efí' thska miq fjk;a
m%fhdackhla .; fkdyels ;;ajhg wd úg ySkshg lmd ueá iu`.
;x( ta iq¿ wl=Y,h¦ ux( ud lrd¦ k wd.ñiai;s( wkd ì;a;s ieoSug .ks;s' tajd ljr fya;=jla ksidj;a kdia;s lrkq
^úmdl jYfhka& fkd tkafka hhs¦ mdmiai( mdmhg¦ fkd ,efí'
udmam[af[a:( wjuka fkd lrkafkah¦ fkdfyd;a¦
mdmx( mdmh¦ wmamx( iaj,amhhs¦ ud ju[af[a:( fkd
is;kafkah¦ Woìkaÿksmdf;k wms( ^tla tla& osh ì|
tl;=ùfuka¦ Wol=ïfNd( Èh n÷k¦ mQr;s( ^hï fia&
msf¾ o¦ ^tfuka& f:dl f:dlx wms( álska ál jqj
o¦ wdÑkx( ^mõ& /ia lrK¦ ndf,d( w{dk f;fï¦
mdmiai( mdm l¾ufhka¦ mQr;s( msfrhs'

wl=Y,h b;d iq¿ hehs is;ñka" th ug úm;a msKsi

fkd mj;S hehs wjuka fkd lrkak' osh ìkaÿqj" ìkaÿqj
ne.ska tl;= ùfuka ysia l,h mjd msfrhs' tfiau
álska ál mõ tl;= ùfuka mõldrhd o mfjkau
msfrhs'
újrKh

NsËq kul f.a tla hq;=lula kï úydria:dkhl we;s l=ÿ uy;a

mßIaldr" WmfNda. mßfNda. NdKav wdrËd lsÍuhs' tajd iÕ i;=
fldg ms¥ foam, fyhska tajd wdrËd l< hq;= h'

ix> ika;l foam, wdrËd lsÍu msKsi túg ixúOdk yd WmfoaY

nqoaO ld,fha isg u fhoS ;sìKs' ix>hd jykafia,d g msßkukq
,nk mQcd jia;= .re NdKav yd ,>q NdKaav jYfhka

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 17

 l=i,h iqq¨ hehs wjuka fkd lrkak' u`o u`o jqj o l=i,a /ia lrk keKj;d msfkka msf¾¡

122¡ udmamu[af[a: mq[a[iai msk iq¿ fldg fkd ;lkafka

k ux ;x wd.ñiai;s M, fkdfo;s hs is;ñkafka
Woìkaÿksmdf;k osh ì`o ì`o /iajkafka
Wol=ïfNdms mQr;s ysia l,hla ms/fjkafka
mQr;s ëfrda mq[a[iai ±k kqjKe;s ckhkafka
f:dlf:dlïms wdÑkx ^9(7& ál ál mska jeäjkafka

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mska /ia fõú - ál ál tla ù
9 ^7& ì,d,mdol isgqjrhdf.a l;d jia;=j ^122 .d:dj&

ì ,d,mdol kï isgqjrhl= uq,a lr f.k Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jodf<a foõrï
fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys h'
jeäfhka ÿkakd o@" ljqreka wvqfjka ÿkakd o@
hkak m%Yakhla fkd fõ' wm ljqre;a iïudoï jQfha
Y%oaOdfjks' tfyhska iEu fokdgu tlu ;rñka mska
isÿ fõjdæ˜ fï weiQ ì,d,mdolg ;uka odhl ;ek
ieje;a kqjr tla ;eke;af;la nqÿrÿka fj;ska O¾u jrojd jgyd .;a nj wjfndaO úh' —ud fudyqg lf<a
Y%jKh lr meyeoS Wkajykafia jod< Ou_hg wkqj n,j;a jrols' ud is;+ mdmS is;=ú,s fu;=udg lshd iud
Ôj;a jkakg ;SrKh lf<a h' nqÿrÿka tod foaYkd lr fkd .;af;d;a ug isÿ jkafka i;r wmdfhka tll
lf<a oka oSu .ek h' ;ud muKla oka oSu fjkqjg ÿla ú£ugh¡˜ tfia is;+ fyf;u Tyq fj; f.dia —ud
wkqka o tla lr f.k oka oSfuka hi biqre muKla ñ;=r" uu Tng f,dl= jrola lf<ñ' uu Tn jrojd
fkdj mßjdr iïm;a;sh o ,efnk nj Wkajykafia f;areï .;af;ñ' lreKdlr ug iud jkq uekú˜ hs
b.ekajQ y' tfyhska ;ud o tfia l< hq;= hehs is;+ m%ldY lf<ah'
fyf;u miq osk odkh i|yd nqoaO m%uqL ix>hdg
wdrdOkh lf<a h' wk;=rej fya f.hska f.g hñkaa fï iudj heoSu nqÿrÿkaf.a ijkg o weisKs' Tyq
fyg osk msßkefuk odkhg ;ud iuÕ tla jk fia le|jd ish¿ mqj;a wid oek.;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
ck;djg werhqï lrñka Tjqka odk jia;= iïmdokhg —Wmdilh" mskla iq¿hhs lsisúg fkd is;kak' fl;rï
yjq,a lr .;af;a h' Tyq f.a fï l%shdj n,d isá iq¿ jqj o msk kï jeo.;a h' iq¿ iq¿ mska tla ùfuka
ì,d,mdol kï isgqjrfhla th úfõpkh lf<ah' Èfkl th uyd mqKHialkaOhla njg m;ajkafka h˜ hs
meyeÈ,s lr fï .d:dj jod< fial'
—fï ñksid ;ukag lr.kakg neß ;rï úYd, iÕ
msßilg okg werhqï lf<a wehs@ ;ukag lrkak neß újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^122 .d:dj&
foa ndr f.k wkqkag lror lrkjd˜ hs mjiñka is;d
b;d iq¿fjka muKla Woõ lrkakg ;SrKh lf<a h' ;x ux k wd.ñiai;s mq[a[iai ud wju[a[:
^mq[a[iai wmamx ud u[af[:& Woìkaÿ ksmdf;k
fya n÷klg yd,a iaj,amhla" fj`vre iaj,amhla wms Wol=ïfNdms mQr;s f:dlf:dlx wms wdÑkx ëfrd
yd yl=re álla ÿkafka h' odk jia;= /ia lrkafkda mq[a[iai mQr;s
th wksl=;a wdydr iu`. ñY% fkd lr fjku ;nd
.;af;dah' fufia lrkafka isgqjrfhla ÿka wdydr ;x( taa iq¿ l=Y,hu¦ ux( ud fj;g¦ k wd.ñiai;s(
iaj,amhl ;ru hehs wkqkag fmkajd ;ukag ks.%y ^úmdl jYfhka& fkd tkafka hhs¦ mq[a[iai(
lrkakg úh yels hehs is;= ì,d,mdol ;uka ÿka odk mskalug¦ ud wju[a[:( wjuka fkd lrkafka
jia;=jg lrkakg hkafka l=ulaoehs n,d .kakehs h fkdfyd;a¦ mq[a[iai( l=Y, l¾uh¦ wmamx(
fiajlfhla heùh' iaj,amhhs¦ ud u[af[:( fkd is;kafka h¦
Woìkaÿksmdf;k wms( ^tla tla& osh ì| jeàfukq;a¦
odkh ixúOdkh l< mqoa., f;u isgqjrhdg l=i,a Wol=ïfNdms( Èh n÷k¦ mQr;s( msfrhs¦ ^fufia& msf¾
jeäùu i|yd hehs Tyq ÿka wdydrh b;d iaj,amh o ^tfuka&¦ f:dlf:dlx wms( ál ál jqjo¦ wdÑkx(
ne.ska f.k md;% rdYshlg fnÿfõ h' fiajlhd fï ^l=Y,a& /ia lrK¦ ëfrd( kqjKe;a;d¦ mq[a[iai(
mqj; ì,d,mdolg oekqï ÿka kuq;a odhlhd tfia l=Y, l¾ufhka¦ mQr;s( msfrhs'
lf<a ljr fya;=fjka oehs yß yeá f;areï .kakg
wiu;a jQ fyf;u th ;uka ,Êcdjg m;a lsÍu i|yd fï iq¿ msk ug úmdl fokakg iu;a fkd fj;shs is;d
u l< l%shdjla fia jrojd jgyd .;af;a h' tfyhska mskg wjuka fkd lrkak' osh ì`o ne.ska jeàfuka
odhlhd iuÕ ffjr ne|.;a fyf;u miqosk odkh msfrk osh n÷kla fuka kqjKe;a;d mska ál ál
fok ia:dkhg .sfha W,a msyshla o /f.k h' lsÍfuka msfkka iuDoaO fjhs'

—iuyr úg Tyq ud ÿkafka b;d iaj,amhla nj ind újrKh

ueo lshd ud ,Êcdjg muqKqjkakg bv ;sfí' tfia
l<fyd;a Tyq t;eku urd ouñ˜ hs Tyq is;d f.k udmamu[a[a:( ud wju[a[a:( fï .d:dfjys wruqK msk iq¿
hhs ta .ek yß we.hqula fkd lrk isß; fjkqjg l=vd jqj o msk
;sìKs' w.h lrkakg okka fm<eUùuhs' l=vd mskla jqj o hym;a wkqiia
,nd fohs' iaj,am jYfhka fyda isß;la f,i ks;r ks;r mska lrk
tfy;a odhl ;ek nqÿrÿka wu;d fufia mejiSh' úg tajd tla /iaùfuka wmg uyd mqKHialkaOhl ysñlrejka
—iajdóks" fuh iïudoï lr fok odkhls' ljqreka úh yel' tfyhska iq¿ mskla fyda lr .kakg bvla ,;a úg th
meyer fkd y< hq;=h'

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 19

 úi ÿre fldg osú /l.kq leue;shyq fia mj ÿßkau ÿ/,sh hq;=h¡

123¡ jdKsfcdZj Nhx u.a.x jeä msßila ke;s - f,dl= Okhla we;s
wmami;af:d uyoAOfkd fj<`ol= wk;=re uÕ ÿr,k fia
úix Ôú;= ldfudZj iyuq,ska u mdmh ÿr,kafka
mdmdks mßjÊcfh ^9(8& mKg wdofrka úi ÿr,k fia

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mjq ÿr ,ka - úi ú,iska
9 ^7& uy Ok isgdKka f.a l;dj ^123 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys uydOk

isgqjrhd wern Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
jod< fial'
iq¿ msßila iu. ixpdrfhys fhfok uyd Okhla
we;s fjf<kaod wk;=re iys; ud._fhka neyer fjhs'
Ôú;dYdj we;s mqoa.,hd ji úi j,ska ÿre fjhs' tfia
u wm mdmfhka je<lsh hq;= h'
uydOk ieje;a kqjr isgqjrfhls¡ tla jrla fydre
mkaishhla Tyq uxfld,a,lEug ie,iqï l< y' tfy;a újrKh
Tjqkag Bg wjia:dj fkd ,eìKs' tfy;a Tjqyq isgdKka
f.a .uka ìuka .ek úuis,af,ka isáh y' isgdKka wmami;a:( iq¿ mßudK ;j,ula fuhska woyia fjhs' i;a: kï
.e,alre lKavdhuls' fj<| NdKav fjk;a k.r j,g .e,a u.ska
,ÕoSu fj<| NdKav ms/jQ .e,a mkaishhla o /f.k f.k hdu merKs Ndr;fha jQ fj<| rgdjhs' jk.; ÿ¾. ud._
neyer hkakg iQodkï jk nj Tjqkag ie<úK' j,ska hd hq;= ksid wdrËdj msKsi lKavdhï jYfhka hd hq;= h'
fidre jkfhys /l isg fj<÷ka fj; lvd mek uxfld,a, l;s'
;uka yd tlaj hkakg leu;s NsËQka jykafia,d fj;a úYd, .e,aid;a;= jYfhka hd hq;af;a fï Wjÿre je<lSug h'
kï .ufka oS ish¿ Wjgeka lrñhs mejiQ isgqf;u
wgqjdj, i;a: ^fjf<kafÞ& foj._hla úia;r fj;s'
NsËQka jykafiag ;uka yd hkakg werhqï lf<a h'
ta weiQ mkaishhla NsËQka jykafia Tyq iu. hkakg tkï"
tlÕ jQy' isgq;=ud msg;a jk nj oek.;a fidre l,a 1' cx> i;a: - ;ksju md .ukska nvq iq¿ m%udKhla
we;sj u f.dia w;ru. /l isáh y' /f.k f.dia úl=Kk fjf<kafoda

2' il; i;a: - .e,aj, nvq mgjd f.k f.dia úl=Kk

isgqjrhd o fidreka /£ isá jkdka;r ud._hg fjf<kafoda'
msúfikakg fmr jkfodr ál oskla kej;=K y'
fidre o jk u.g ;j,u msúiqKq miq fld,a,lEug fufia .e,aj, o nvq mgjd f.k fj<|dfï hdu nqoaO ld,Sk
iQodkïj n,d isáh y' fidreka ;uka tk;=re n,d Ndr;Sh iudcfha m%p,s;j ;sìK'
isák nj isgq;=udg ie,jQfhka .uk kj;d wdmiq
mdmdks( f,daN" fodaI" fuday fÉ;kd uq,a lrf.k lrk ldhsl"
hkakg fya ;SrKh lf<a h' isgq;=ud wdmiq yereKq jdpisl yd udkisl jYfhka ;%súO jk ixfÉ;ksl l%shdfjda mdm
nj ie< jQ fidre flá u.lska wjq;a ksjig hk fj;s'
w;ru. /£ isáh y' fidreka f.a l%shd mámdáh .ek
.ïjeisfhda isgq;=udg mKsjqv tjQ y' ta wkqj isgq;=ud mqoa.,hd my;a njg fyda i;r wmdhd§ ÿ.;shg muqKqjk
ál oskla .fuys u /£ isákakg ;SrKh lr" ta nj m%dK>d;d§ ÿYapß; lu_ mdm kñ¡
NsËQka jykafia,dg o oekqï ÿkafka h' ta weiQ NsËQyq
;ksju ieje;a kqjrg wdmiq wdy'

foõrï fjfyrg wdmiq wd NsËQyq nqÿrÿka yuqj ;uka

.uk w;yer wd nj m%ldY lr isáh y' nqÿrcdKka
jykafia —uyfKks" uyd Ok we;s uydOk isgqjrhd
fidr i;=rka .ejiqKq u. uÕ yßhs' Ôú;dYdj
we;a;d ji úfika ÿrej isáh hq;=h' tfukau
uyfKks" kqjKe;s NsËqj .uka u. Wjÿre fia
Nj;%h olsñka mdmfhka j<lskakg ;SrKh l< hq;=
h˜hs jodrd fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^123 .d:dj&

Nhx u.a.x wmaami;af:d uyoaOfkd jdKsfcda bj

úix Ôú;=ldfud bj mdmdks mßjÊcfha

Nhx u.a.x( wk;=re iy.; ud._h ^yer hk&¦

wmaami;af:d( ^legqj hk& fj<| uq,la ke;s¦
uyoaOfkd( fndfyda Okh we;s¦ jdKsfcd bj(
fjf<kaol= fuka o¦ úix( úila ^ÿre lrk&¦
Ôú;=ldfuda bj( Ôú;dYdj we;s ;eke;a;l= fuka o¦
mdmdks( mõlï¦ mßjÊcfh( ÿre lrkafka h'

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 21

 jKhla wf;a ke;s l,ays w;ska úi .;yelsjdla fukau mõ ke;s l,ays ÿla o ke;¡

124¡ mdKsïys fp jfKd kdZiai ;=jd,hla w; ke;s úg

yfrhH mdKskd úix fkd ìhj úi .kak w;g
kdínKx úiukafõ;s jeros fkd lrkd flfkl=g
k;aÒ mdmx wl=ínf;d ^9(9& mjla isÿ fkd fõ tf,ig

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ¥Is; kï is; - mõ isÿ jkq we;'
9 ^8& l=lal=gñ;a; f.a l;dj ^124 .d:dj&

fõ ¿jkdrufhys jev jdih l< YdlH uqkSkaøhka

jykafia l=lal=gñ;a; yd Tyqf.a ñ;%hd wruqKq
lr f.k fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
Tjqyq nqÿka je| tl;ami jQy' Tjqka weu;+ nqÿrcdKka
jykafia Tjqkg O¾ufoaYkhla l< y' oyï weiQ
l=lal=gñ;a;" mq;=ka y;afokd iy f,a,s,d y;afokd o
fidajdka M,fhys msysáh y'
rc.y kqjr tla isgqjrhl=g nd, úfhaoSu fidajdka
jQ oshKshla isáfha h' oskla l=lal=gñ;a; kï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyrg h<s jevu
ovhlaldrfhla lr;a;hla mqrd uqj uia mgjd f.k l< miq wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia m%uqL ix>hd
fj<|dfï wdfha h' Tyqf.a ldhsl fmkqu ÿgq isgq jykafia,d w;r fï isoaêh .ek idlÉPd we;s
oshKsh Tyq flf¾ fmï ne| Tyq iu. .shd h' Tjqka úh' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia weu;+ NsËQyq —iajdóks"
fofokd f.a újdy Ôú;fha m%;sM, jYfhka mq;a;= y;a l=lal=gñ;a; f.a ìß| fidajdka Wmdisldjla jQ kuq;a
fofkla Wmkay' ksis jhig meñKs mq;a;= újdm;a jQy' ´ f;dfuda ish ieñhdg ÿkq B;, f.keú;a ÿkakd
h' oe,a f.keú;a ÿkakd h' weh Tyqf.a ovhfuys
oskla f,dj n,d jodrk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fldgialrejl= jQjd fkdfõo@ fidajdka jQ weh ;uka
l=lal=gñ;a;g;a Tyq f.a orejka y;a fokdg;a" fkd urkjd muKla fkdj urKhg wkqn,;a fkd osh
f,a,shka y;a fokdg;a fidajdka ùug jdikdj we;s hq;= fkd fõ o@˜ hs m%Yak l< y'
nj osia úh' tfyhska Tjqka flf¾ wkqlïmdfjka
le,Efjys l=lal=gñ;a; i;=kag W.=,a wgjk ;ekg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Bg ms<s;=re foñka —uyfKks"
.sh Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia W.=, wi, msh igykla ;nd fidajdka jQfjda fkd ur;s' fkd urj;s' wkqn, o fkd
;=re fijkl jev yqka y' fo;s' fuys oS isÿjQfha weh ;u ieñhd f.a wKg
lSlre ùula muKls' w;l ;=jd,hla ke;s úg úi îc
if;l= W.=,g wiqù we;aoehs ne,Sug wd ovhlalreg w; .egqK;a ;udg wk;=rla isÿ fkd jk mßoafoka
lsisu if;la wiqù ke;s nj oelSfuka is; mEßKs' wehg wl=i,hla isÿ fkd ùh˜ hs mjid fï .d:dj
W.=, wi, ÿgq md igyk ÿgq fyf;u ljqreka fyda foaYkd l< y'
W.=,g wiqjQ i;d uqod yßkakg we;ehs ielhla we;s
úh' jgmsg neÆ Tyqg ;=re fijfKa jev isá nqÿrÿka újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^124 .d:dj&
olakg ,eìK'
fp mdKsñys jfKd k wiai" mdKskd úix yfrhH"
—fudyq ;uhs" tl;a tlg u i;d uqod yf<aæ˜ hs is;+ úix wínKx k wkafj;s wl=ínf;d mdmx k;aÒ
fya ÿkakg B ;,hla fhdod nqÿka kikakg Bhla
úoSug ieriqfKa h' tfy;a nqÿrÿka f.a iDoaê n,h fp( boska¦ mdKsñys( w;af,ys¦ jfKd( jKhla
fya;=fjka fyf;u tfiau mdIdKsN+; jQjdla fuka ÿkq ^;=jd,hla&¦ k wiai( ke;akï¦ mdKskd( w;af,ka¦
osh k`.d .;a jydu fi<ù.; fkd yelsj isáfha h' úix( úi¦ yfrhH( yer.kafkah¦ úix( úi¦
;u mshd ksjig tau mud j;a u wk;=rla jQjd fodahs wínKx( jKhla ke;s w;g¦ k wkafj;s( m%úIag
is;+ orefjda mshd nqÿrÿkag úoskakg ieriS isák whqre fkd fjhs ^tfiau&¦ wl=ínf;d( mõ fkd lrkakdg¦
oel" ;u mshdf.a i;=re nqÿrÿka hehs is;d ;ukq;a mdmx k;aÒ( mõ isÿ fkd fjhs¡
nqÿka úoskakg ÿkq B;, kÕd .;a y' Tjqyq o ÿkq B;,
kÕd .;a jk u .,a ms<su fia tfiau isáh y' wf;ys ;=jd,hla ke;akï úi .ek ìh úh hq;= ke;'
úi isrere .; jkafka ;=jd,hla we;s úg fyhska
fufia iEfyk fõ,djla .sh miq ;u ieñhd yd ;=jd, ke;s w;g msúfikafka ke;' tfia u jeros jev
orejka y;afokd fidhd ovhlaldrhd f.a ìß| fkd lrk whg mõ isÿ jkafka ke;'
ish f,a,shka y;a fokd o legqj wdjdh' Tjqka isá
ú,dih;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia;a ÿgq ´ —uf.a mshd újrKh
urkak tmd˜hs lshd f.k bosßhg wdjdh' taa weiQ
l=lal=gñ;a; —tfia kï fï uf.a uduKaäh úh hq;= úix( úi fuhska woyi jkafka ;=jd, u.ska YÍrh ;=,g msúfik
úI j._ hs'
he˜hs is;d is; fudf<dla lr .;af;a h' orefjda o —fï
wfma iShd úh hq;= he˜hs is;d oafõIh ,sys,a l< y' w;af,ys ;=jd,hla ke;a;yq w;ska .;a úI isrefrys fkd
—Th ÿkq B;, wyl oukak˜hs ´ kej;;a lSjd h' fï me;sfrkakd fia mõlï lrkafkl=g ÿkq yS wdÈh iQodkï lr
fudfydf;a l=lal=gñ;a; yd ore msßi f.a is;a uDÿù ÿkak;a ;uka ldhd § ;=ka fodßka mõ fkdlrkakdg wl=Y, fÉ;kd
we;s nj ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tjqkag w; mh ,sys,a rys; fyhska isoaO jk wl=Y, lu_hla ke;¡
lr .kakg bv ie,fik mßos wêIaGdk l< y' ta
wkqj Tjqkg ÿkq B;, ìu oukakg yelshdj ,eìKs'
kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 23
 ksfodia mqÕ=f,l=g wjevla flf¾ kï Wvq iq<Õg oeuQ ¥ú,sfia fmr<d meñfKa¡

125¡ fhd wmamÿÜGiai kriai ÿiai;s flf<ia ke;s - ne÷ï ke;s

iqoaOiai fmdiiai wkx.kiai fkdue;s lsis f,i ÿIag
;fuZj nd,x mÉfÉ;s mdmx lf<da;ska ÿIag lï - tjeks fyd| flkl= yg
iqLqfud rfcd májd;xZj Å;af;d ^9(10& Wvq iq<f`. msU yßk ¥ú,a, tk f,ig
mdm l¾uh wefohs - l< wuk ok fj;g

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wkqkag l< foa - ;ukag m, foa
9 ^9& fldal kï jQ ov jeoaod ms<sn| l:dj ^125 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jdih l< Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fldal kï jeoaod wruqKq lrf.k fï
.d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
fhd( hfula¦ wmamÿÜGiai( ÿIaglï ke;s¦ iqoaOiai(
msßisÿ jQ¦ wkx.kiai( flf,iqka f.ka ñÿKq¦ kriai
fmdiiai( kr mqreIhl=g¦ ÿiai;s( ÿIaglï lrhs o¦
mdmx( ^Tyq úiska l< tA& mdm l¾uh¦ májd;x( Wvq
oskla Wfokau ;u ovhï WmlrK o /f.k ovhï iq<Õg¦ Å;af;d( ouk ,o¦ iqLqfud( ishqï¦ rfcd bj(
msKsi kslafuk fldal kï jeoaodg msKavmd;h msKsi ¥ú,s fuka¦ ;x tj nd,x( ta nd,hd fj;u¦ mÉfÉ;s(
k.rhg msúfik NsËq kula uqyqKg yuq úh' th ^úmdl jYfhka& wdmiq ths'
krl ksñ;a;la hehs Tyqg yeÕsKs'—fï ld,lkaks
NsËqku uqyqKg yuq jqkq fyhska wo ug lsisu ovhula jrola fkd l< msßisÿ is;a we;s kslaf,aYS ^flf,ia
,efnk tlla ke;˜ hs fya ;udgu lshd .;af;ah' ke;s& W;=ul=g hfula ÿIaglï lrhs kï" Wvq iq<Õg
Tyq is;+ mßosu tod Tyqg zuQi,Z ojila úh' msU y, ¥ú,a,la wdmiq ;uka fj;u tkakdla fuka tu
tlu tl if;l=j;a urd .kakg ,enqfKa ke;' l%shdfjka cks; mdmh tu l%shdj l< w{dkhd fj; u
ysia w;ska fodïkiska fya f.or wdfõ h' wdmiq ths'
újrKh
Tyq tfia tk w;r wjdikdjg fuka ta NsËqku u
Tyqg yuq úh' —wo oji wjdikdjka; jqfKa fudyq wkx.kiai( fuys wkx.k hkafkka flf<iqkaf.ka f;dr ùu
woyia fjhs' wkx. kï rd." fodaI" fuday jeks laf,aYfhda h'
uqK .eiqKq ksid h' oekq;a fudyq ug weig fmakakg wx.k hk jpkfhys msÜgksh" lyg hk jpkd¾: we;'
ths˜ is;d fldamfhka msmsreKq fyf;u ;u ov n,a,ka
f;reka jykafia fj; Wis .ekaùh' n,a,ka ;ud
ymkakg tk ksid ìhg m;a NsËqku .ylg keÕ
.;af;a h' n,af,da .i jgd lerflñka Wv n,ñka
nqrkakg jka y' .i uq,g .sh jeoaod .fia isá
NsËqkuf.a mhg B;, j,ska wkskakg mgka .;af;a h'
fõokdfjka oÕ,k NsËqkuf.a Öjrh ,sys,a ù jeoaod
f.a weÕ u; jeáKs'

lyj; jeoaod u; jegqKq úg fya thska jeiS

.sfha h' n,a,ka is;=fõ ysñku ìu jegqKq njls'
n,af,da isjqfrka jeiqqKq jeoaod uefrk ;=re ymd lEy'
ta fõokdfjka jeoaod ñh .sfha h'

ish,a, ixiqka jQ miq .fika nei .;a NsËqkug

jeoaod f.a urKh uy;a miq;eú,a,g fya;= úh' ;ud
Bg j.lsjhq;=oehs Tyqg iel is;sKs' ;u ielh
ÿre lr.kq ßis jQ Wka jykafia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
yuqjg f.dia ish¿ mqj;a ie<lr m%Yak lr isáfhka
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —NsËqj" ielhla is; ;nd .kakg
Wjukd ke;' jeoaodf.a urKhg Tn lsisfia;a j. lsj
hq;= ke;' Tn f.a YS,hg ydkshla ke;' ;udg jrola
fkd l< ÿIaglula fkd l< whl=g ÿIaglï lsÍfuka
jeoaod lr we;af;a jrols' Tyqg tn`ÿ fÄojdplhlg
uqyqK mdkakg isÿ jQfha ta ksid h˜ hs meyeÈ,s lr" fï
.d:dj foaYkd l< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^125 .d:dj&

fhd wmamÿÜGiai iqoaOiai wkx.kiai kriai

fmdiiai ÿiai;s mdmx májd;x Å;af;d iqLqfud
rfcd bj ;x tj nd,x mÉfÉ;s

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 25

 we;fula fuf,dj Wmos;a' mõ l<yq ksrfha Wmos;a' mska l<yq foõf,dj h;s' ry;ayq mssßksfj;s¡

126¡ .íyx tfl WmamÊcka;s iuyre uõ l=i g

ksrhx mdmlïñfkd mõ lf<da fh;s ksrh g
i.a.x iq.;sfkd hka;s msfkka iqr mqrhg
mßksínka;s wkdijd ^9(11& msßksù fh;s flf<ia ÿre fldg

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 iuyre iirg - iuyre ksjkg
9 ^10& ;siai f;rKqjka f.a l:d jia;=j ^126 .d:dj&

fo
l< y'
õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
;siai f;rKqjka wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd
.sys f.j,a j,g hdfï krl mqreoao ksid h' ñka u;=
uu t,sm;af;ka fuydg fkd tñ'˜ hs Wkajykafia
mejiQ y' Wka jykafia ,o jO fõokd ksid jeä
ojila Ôj;a fkd jQy' l,lg miq fï l;dfõ tk
ieje;a kqjr ueKsla lmd Tm ouk mqoa.,fhla jdih mqoa.,hkag urKska u;= isÿ jQfha l=ula oehs NsËQyq
lf<a h ' ;siai kï jQ f;r kula Tyq yd ñ;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka úuiQ y' —l=l=<d uKsldrhd
isáfha h' ks;r ueKsla Tm oukakd f.a ksjig .sh f.aa orefjla ù Wmkafka h' uKsldrhd wmd.; úh'
fyhska Wkajykafiag zuKsldr l=¿m. ;siaiZ hehs o uKsldrhd f.a ìß| foõf,dj Wmkakd h' f;reka
jHjydr úKs' oskla f;reka jykafia o ksjfiys jev jykafia wmj;a ùug fmr ry;a jQfhka msßksjka
isá fudfyd;l uKsldr f;u uia lmñka isáfha h' mEy˜hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia meyeos,s lr ÿka y'
tfõf,ys rdc ¥;fhla rc;=udg Tm oud .ekSug
wjYH jQ ueKslla /f.k wdfha h' uKsldr f;u f,a újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^126 .d:dj&
uia ;ejreKq w;skau ueKsl f.k mfil ;nd lsishï
ldßhlg f.g .sfha h' ksjfiys iqr;,hg we;s lrk tfl .íyx WmamÊcka;s' mdmlïñfkd ksrhx'
l=l=f<la fï wjia:dfjys f.g wjq;a f,a iqj| ksid iq.;sfkd i.a.x hka;s wkdijd mßksínka;s'
ueKsl .s, oeïfï h' ;siai ysñfhda th oelal y'
tfl( iuyr i;ajfhda¦ .íyx( ujql=i¦ WmamÊcka;s(
uKsldrhd kej; wjq;a n,k úg ueKsl fmfkkakg Wmos;s¦ mdmlïñfkd( ^l<& mõlï we;af;da¦ ksrhx(
fkd ;snqKq fyhska f;reka jykafia f.ka úuiS h' krlfhys ^WmÈ;s&¦ iq.;sfkd( hym;aj yeiqreKq
tfy;a f;reka jykafia ;uka th fkd.;a nj ñi wh¦ i.a.x( osjH f,dalhg o¦ hka;s( hkakdy¦
.;a flkl=ka .ek fkd lsh;s' tfyhska tys isá tlu wkdijd( ^ldud§& wdY%j ke;s ry;ayq¦ mßksínka;s(
;eke;a;d jQ Wkajykafia iel l< uKsldrhd jO oS msßksjka md;s'
fyda ueKsl wdmiq .kakg ;SrKh lf<a h' ueKsl
ke;s jqjfyd;a rdc Woyig ,lajkakg jk fyhska urKska u;= l¾udkqrEmj iuyre .enl ms<sisf|;s'
f;reka jykafiag tfia jO oS fyda ueKsl .; hq;= h' mõ l< wh wmd.; fj;s' mska l< wh foõf,dj
tfy;a ìß| Tyqg lSfõ tfia fkdlrk f,i h' —fï Wmos;s' flf<ia ÿre l< W;=fuda msßksjka md;s'
yduqÿrefjda úis wjqreoaola wmsg nK lsõjd' wfma
.=rejrfhla jf.a' bIag foaj;dfjla jf.a ysgmq fï újrKh
yduqÿrefjda .ek tfyu ys;kak tmd' yduqÿrejkag
jO fokjdg jvd rdc Woyig ,la fj,d o`vqjï ú¢k i.a.( foõf,dj¡ wgqjdj, iaj._h úia;r lrkafka —rEmdoSys m[ap
ldu .=fKys iq;a:q w.af.d;s i.af.d˜ hkqfjka —rEmd oS jQ mxpldu
tl fyd`ohs˜ tfy;a ta lsisjlg ijka fkdÿka uKsldr .=Khka f.ka ukdj mßmQ¾Kj we;s ia:dkh˜ jYfhks' osjH
f;u Wkajykafia lUj,ska fj,d kdifhka láka f,a f,dalj, Wmosk i;ajhka ujql=i l,a heùula ke;sj my, jk
tk;=re jO ÿkafka h' f;reka jykafia f.ka jykh njo ñh hk úg u< isrerla wjYH fkd jk nj o lshkq ,efí'
jQ reêrh mdkh lsÍu msKsi l=l=<d kej; wdfha h'
oreKq flaka;sfhka isá uKsldr f;u l=l=<dg md .íyx tfl WmamÊcka;s( nqÿ oyfï i;a;ajhka f.a W;am;a;s
l%u y;rla b.ekafjhs' ìcq jáka Wmok l%uh wKavc kï fjhs'
myrla ÿkafkah' W! t;ku ñh .sfha h' .¾Nhlska Wmosk l%uh c,dnqc kñka ye¢kafõ' c,h weiqfrys
Wmosk l%uh ixfiaoc h' udOHhlska f;drj Wmosk l%uh fyj;a
túg f;reka jykafia uKsldrhd wu;d —l=l=<dg zmy< ùuZ ´mmd;sl l%uhhs'
mK ;sfí o@ ñh f.dia o@˜ lshd n,k fia b,a,Sula
lf<a h' —l=l=<d ueß,d' ;ukq;a uefrkafka tfyu ksrhx mdm lïñfkd( mõ l< wh ksrfha Wmos;s' ksrh hk jpkh
iE§ we;af;a ks¬wh } iem; ke;s ;ek ^ksrh& hk l%uhg h' ksrh
;uhs˜ uKsldrhd f.darkdvq lf<a h' —tfyu kï isjq jeoEreïh'
Wmdil;=uks" l=l=<df.a nv m,d ueKsl .kak' l=l=<d
ueKsl .s,skjd uu oelald' W!g mK ;snqKd kï uu 1' wmdh
uereK;a tal lshkafka kE˜hs f;reka jykafia mejiQ 2' ;sßika Njh ^;srÉPdk fhdaks&
y' l=l=<d f.a nv m,d ueKsl .;a uKsldrhd ìfhka 3' fm%a;d;auh ^fma; fhdaks&
yd ,Êcdfjka fjõ,kakg mgka .;af;a h' 4' wiqrd;auh ^wiqr fhdaks& jYfhks'
—ug iudjkak iñ÷ks˜ fya fomduq, je| jegqfKa h' fï tllaj;a iaÒr iodld,sl jdiia:dk fkd fõ' ;u wl=i,a
—Wmdilh" jro uf.a h' Tfí fkdfõ' fuh wmf.a f.fjk ;=re tajdfha fjfik i;a;ajfhda bka wk;=rej ukq f,dj
fmr lu_hl fodaIh ksid jQjd úh yel' mrK Kh fyda mQ¾j ckauhl lrk ,o l=Y,hlg .e,fmk ;ekl Wmos;s'
.kqfokqjla ksu jQjd hhs is;d .ksuq' uf.a isf;ys
Tn flf¾ oafõIhla ke;' we;a;gu fuh isÿ jQfha mßksínka;s wkdijd( flf<iqka ÿre l< W;=ukag Wm;la ke;¡

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 27

 mõlñka ñosh yels ;ekla wyfiysj;a o uqyqo ueoj;a m¾j; újrhlj;a ke;¡

127¡ k wka;<slafL k iuqoaouÊf® wyia l=i fyda uqyqo ueo fyda

k mín;dkx újrx múiai .,a .=ydjl yex.s,d fyda
k úÊc;s fida c.;smamfofid lsis ;ekl fï f,dalfha keye
h;a:ÜÀf;d uq[afphH mdmlïud ^9(12& mdm l¾fuka fíreula kï

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fíreula ke; mdm l¾fuka
9 ^11& lKavdhï ;=kl ú;a;sh ^127 .d:dj&

Ns ËQka jykafia,d msßila Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

oel .ekSug meñfKk w;ru. tla;rd
.ul kjd;eka .;a y' we;eïyq NsËQka jykafia,d
;eîh' W! oeù ñh .sfha h' tu wl=Y, l¾ufhka os.=
l,la wmdÿla ú¢ fyf;u wd;auNdj y;lau .skafkka
oeù ñh .sfha h' fï lmqgd jYfhka ñh .sfha o ta
i|yd odkh msiñka isáh y' fï w;r tla ksjila f.dúhd h˜hs m<uq lKavdhug meyeÈ,s l< fial¡
.sks.;af;a h' tu .skafkka .sks .;a msÿre álla fojk lKavdhug fufia jod< y' —uyfKks" tla
wyig keÕsKs' ta fudfydf;a t;kska lmqfgla mshdir ldka;djlg b;d ys;j;a n,af,la isáfha h' n,a,d ;u
lf<a h' .sks.;a msÿre /,a ta lmqgd f.a f., jgd iajdñÿjg n,j;a fifkyiska hk hk ;ek miafikau
mg,eúks' lmqgd .skafkka ms<siaiS .u ueo weo jeáKs' .sfha h' fï fya;=fjka we;eï .eñ ;reKfhda wehg
ueÍ jegqKq lmqgd ÿgq NsËQka jykafia,d fï woaN+; úys¿ ;y¿ l< y' thska n,j;a f,i l=ms; jQ ´
urKfha miqmi we;s fya;=j Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ñi n,a,d urd oukakg is;d .;a;d h' oskla ´ je,s
fjk lsisjl=g újrKh l< fkd yels ksid" odkh l,hla n,a,df.a f.f,ys ne| osfha .s,ajd urd oeïud
je<£fuka miq h<s;a nqÿrÿka olakg hk .uk h' tu wl=i, lu_fhka os.= l,la wmd.;j ÿla ú¢
werUQ y' fï w;r ;j;a NsËq msßila Nd.Hj;=ka fï ia;%sh fï Njfhys keúhd f.a ìß|j bmso fufia
jykafia neye olskq msKsi uqyqÿ u.ska tñka isáh je,s l,hla f., ne| uqyqog oukq ,enqjd h'˜ ;=kajk
y' uqyqo ueooS Tjqka f.a hd;%dj ysá yeáfha tl;ek lKavdhu weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" bl=;a
k;r úh' ljr úoshlska j;a kej;=Kq ;ekska ckauhl Tn .jhka n,k ;reKhka y;a fokl=j
fid,jd .; fkdyels jQ úg —fï kefõ ljqreka fyda bmso isá wjosfhys ;,f.dhl= ;=Uilg ßx.kq oel
mõldrhl= isák fyhska th .uka lrúh fkd yel' tys lg jid oud úfkdao jQy' th újD; lrkakg
Tyq fidhd .; fyd;a Tyq uqyqog oud wks;a wh wu;lj .sh Tjqyq osk y;lg miq th oel ;uka
f.a Ôú; fírd .; yelsh˜ hs l;sld lr.;a Tjqyq l< l%shdj u;la ù ;=Uia lg újD; l<y' wdydr-
mõldrhd fiùu msKsi i,dl oukakg tlÕ jQy' mdk ke;sj ÿl fia isá ;,f.dhd t,shg wjq;a osú
;=ka j;djlau i,dlh keúhd f.a ìß|gu jeáKs' /l .;af;a h' Tng i;a oskla wdydr-mdk ke;sj
ljqre;a n,j;a úiauhg m;a jQy' tfy;a keúhd ;u .,a .=ydfõ ysr ù isákakg isÿ jQfha ta wl=Y, lu_h
ìß| wu;d l÷¿ msreKq fk;ska fufia lS h' —fid÷r" fya;=fjks˜ hs Tjqka f.a wl=Y, lu_h o újrKh l<
Tn f.a wjdikdj ksid fï ish¿fokdu ñh hkakg y' wjidkfha § Wkajykafia fï isoaê ish,a, wrnhd
yeÍu iqÿiq fkd fõ'˜ tfia mejiQ fyf;u weh f.a fï .d:dj foaYkd l< y'
f.f,ys je,s l,hla t,a,d osfhys .s,ajk f,i
wkHhkg Wmfoia ÿkafka h' mqÿuhlg fuka weh újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^127 .d:dj&
uqyqfoys .s,ajQ miq kej msg;a úh' kej f.dv ìug
,Õd jQ miq NsËQyq —fï isoaêh miqmi jQ h:d¾:h h;a: Àf;d mdmlïud uq[afphH fid
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj;ska u oek.ksuq˜ hs l;sld lr c.;smamfofid k úÊc;s wka;<sslafL k
.;a y' ;j;a NsËQka jykafia y;akula Nd.Hj;=ka iuqoaouÊf® k mín;dkx újrx múiai k'
jykaafia olakg tk w;ru. kjd;eka .kakg
wdrduhla .ek úuiQ úg Wmdiljre .,a .=ydjla h;a:( hï ;ekl¦ Àf;d( isá i;aj f;fï¦
fmkajd tys kjd;eka .kakehs werhqï l< y' Tjqyq mdmlïud( ^;ud l<& mdm l¾ufhka¦ uq[afphH(
tys rd;%sh .; l< y' ueoshï /fhys uy l¿ .,la ñfokafka kï¦ fid c.;smamfofid( tn÷ jQ ìï
wjq;a .=yd fodr jeisKs' WoEik wi, úydria:dkhl fmfoila¦ k úÊc;s( ke;¦ wka;<slafL( wyfiys
NsËQyq meñK .=ydfjys NsËQka y;akula ysrj isá o¦ k( ^tn÷ jQ ;ekla& ke;¦ iuqoaouÊf®( uqyqo
nj oek" wi, .ï y;l fikÕ le|jd f.k ., ueo o¦ k( ^tn÷ jQ ;ekla& ke;¦ mín;dkx(
bj;a lrkakg jEhï l< y' tfy;a i;a oskla .; mj_;hkaf.a¦ újrx( l=yrhg¦ múiai( msúiSfukq;a¦
jk ;=re u ., fid,jd .kakg Tjqyq wiu;a jQy' k( ^mõlñka ñfokakg iqÿiq ;ekla& ke;"
.=ydj ;=< ysr jQ NsËQkag ta i;a osk u wdydr ;nd
osh ì|l=ÿ fkd ,eìK' i;ajk osk ., bfíu bj;a fï ñysl; u;" mdm lu_fhka ñosh yels ;ekla lsis
jQfhka NsËQyq hka;ï osú .,jd .;a y' —wmg fun÷ ;ekl ke;' wyfiys isáh;a" uqyqo ueo isáh;a mj_;
w;jrhla jkakg we;af;a wm fmr l< l¾uhl újrhla ;=<g msúish;a múka fkd ñfokafka h'
úmdl jYfhkau úh hq;= h' th nqÿrcdKka jykafia
f.kau úuid oek .ksuq˜ hs l;sld lr .;a Tjqyq újrKh
nqÿrÿka yuqjg msg;a jQy' fï lKavdhï ;=ku nqÿrÿka
k úÊc;s fida c.;smamfofid( ;ud l< mdm lu_hdf.a úmdl ÿla
yuq ù ;u w;aoelSï mjid Bg fya;= ljf¾oehs úuiQ wkqNj fkd fldg bka ñfokq msKsi jdihg iqÿiq jQ ìï fmfoila
y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" tla iufhl fliÕla muKj;a ke;¡ wyi" uqyqo fyda mj_; .=ydjla jeks ljr
tla;rd f.dúfhla ;u wlSlre yS,E ke;s f.dkd ;ekl isáh;a mdm lu_h úmdl fokakg iQodkï jk úg thska
flf¾ n,j;aj lsmS Wf.a f., jgd msÿre T;d .sks .e,ù .; fkd yel'

kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 29

 fkdueÍ isákakg wyi o uqyqo ueo o l`ÿ l=yrh o iqÿiq ;efkla fkd ue;¡

128¡ k wka;<slafL k iuqoaouÊf® wyia l=i fyda uqyqo ueo fyda

k mín;dkx újrx múiai .,a .=ydjl yex.s,d fyda
k úÊc;s fid c.;smamfofid lsis ;efkl fï f,dalfha keye
h;a:À;x kmamify: uÉpq ^9(13& udrhdf.ka fíreula kï

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 .e,ùula ke; uref.ka
9 ^12& iqmamnqoaO rcq f.a l;d mqj; ^128 .d:dj&

iqma.d:dj
mnqoaO rcq wrnhd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï
foaYkd lf<a ksf.%daOdrdufhys jev jiñks'
foig .sfha h' ;o fldg jid h;=re ,d ;snqKq fodr
bfíu weßKs' .,jd ouk ,o msh .eg fm, o tysu
jQfha h' Tyq kj;d,kakg Tyq f.a fiajlhkag wu;l
iqmamnqoaO ^iqm%nqoaO& rc;=ud foõo;a ysñhkaf.a iy úh' msh .eg fm, nei fmd<jg mdoh ;n;au ñys
hfYdaOrd l=ußhf.a mshd jQfha h' lreKq folla u~, újrj rc;=ud wùÑ uyd krldoshgu weo f.k
fya;=fjka iqmamnqoaO rc f;u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia hk ,os'
iuÕ wukdmfhka miq úh' uQ,sl fya;=j jQfha ;u
oshKsh jQ hfYdaOrd l=ußh újdy lr f.k weh fudk ;rï jEhï l< o Tyqg urKfhka .e,ù
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mq;%hd jQ foajo;a; ysñhka nqÿrÿka f.a mru y;=rd fï ksñ;s lr f.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
njg m;a ùuhs' foaYkd l< fial'

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uu Tyqg bv oS ud._fhka bj;a fkd fjñ˜hs mejiQ újrx múiai k
fya os.g u uÕ j<ld isáfha h' ud._h újD;
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pr mqreIfhda ta m%ldYh rcqg ie, lr isáh y' ke;' uqyqo ueo o ke;' mj_; .=ydjla ;=< o ke;'
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f.a wkdjelsh fndre lrñ˜hs mejiQ iqmamnqoaO újrKh
;u fiajlhka ,jd msh .eg fm< bj;a lrùh'
;ud t;ekg hkakg ieriqKfyd;a th flfia fyda kmamify: uÉpq( fï .d:dfjka uref.ka .e,fjk ;ekla f,dj
lsis ;ekl ke;s nj wjOdrKh lrhs' Wm; yd iuÕu urKh
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r|jd .;af;a h' jk nj ikd;k i;Hhls'

fï f;dr;=re Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag o ie,úh' ta weiQ

Wkajykafia —uyfKks" iqmamnqoaO l=¿Kla u; uy,la
;kd f.k isáh;a" wyfiys isáh;a" uyd uqyqfoys
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yel' ud mejiQ ;ekoSu fmd<j m,df.k wmd.; jkq
we;'˜hs mejiQ y'

y;ajk osk lEu fõ,dj wdikakfhys rdclSh wYajhd

lsishï fya;=jlska n,j;a fia l,n,j l=ms;j ud,s.h
fojk;a lrkakg mgka .;af;a h' fyaIdrj kÕñka
ish,a,kagu md myr foñka l,n, lrkq ie, jQ rc
f;u ;ukag ñi fjk lsisjl=g wYajhd yslaujkakg
neß nj okakd fyhska tfia l< hq;= hehs is;d
.;af;a h' ish¨ Wmfoia wu;lj .sh rcf;u fodr
kjjk mrsÉfPaoh ( mdm j.. 31
 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
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mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
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m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
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;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
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isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
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jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
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fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
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,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
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fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
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isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
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msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ;ud Wmudfldg is;d wka i;=kg ;e<Sï - fm<Sï keiSï fkd fldg je<lsh hq;=

129¡ iífí ;ika;s oKaviai f,dj ish¿ i;ajfhda - ;e;s .ks;s o~qjñka
iífí Ndhka;s uÉpqfkd fldhs ljqre jqK;a f,dj - ìh .ks;s urKfhka
w;a;dkx Wmux l;ajd wkqka f;areï wrka - ;ud Wmud lrka
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 ;uka f,iska - is;ka wkqka
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fo õrï fjfyr jevjik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia NsËq yh kula wrnhd fï .d:dj
urK fudfydf;ys we;sjk pq;s Ñ;a;hg n,mdhs' th B<Õ ckauh
i|yd úYd, n,mEula we;s lrhs' tjeks ;;a;ajhl oS n,mdk
fÉ;kdj ckl lïu kï fjhs' fuu ckl lu_fhys Yla;sh msßyS
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t iufhys NsËQyq yh kula kjd;eka .ekSu msKsi f,dalj, jqj o isÿúh yelsh¡
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lsisjl=g fkd yel˜ hs lshñka ndOd l< y' b;sßj ;snqK o" Wmßu wdhq iSudj blauúh fkd yel' ckl lu_h
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fkd jQy' túg miqj wd fcHIaG NsËQyq ta msßig myr isÿjk urKh ^WNhCLh urK&
fokakg mgka .;a y' fõokdj Wiq,d isákakg wiu;a
jQ NsËQyq lE.ikakg mgka .;a y' 4' WmÉfPol urK

ckl lu_hg jvd m%n, jQ fjk;a lu_hla ysá yeáfha bosßm;aj

fï flda,dy,h nqÿrÿkag o ie,úh' fomËhu f.kajQ Ôú;h wld,fha ksu ùug o bv we;' wld,fha ñh hk mqoa.,fhda
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myr fkd osh hq;= hhs úkh kS;shla meKjQ y' fï b,lalhla lrd hk B;,hla Bg jvd m%n, fõ.hlska ìu oeóug
fuh iu l< yel' fun÷ n,.;= lu_ WmÉfPol lu_ f,i
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f,dj ish,af,dau o~qjug ìh fj;s¡ urKhg ìhfj;s' wks;a w;g urKh iEu fokdgu tl fia fõokdÞhlhhs is;=uo
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130' iífí ;ika;s oKaviai f,dj ish¿ i;a;ajfhda - ;e;s .ks;s o~qjñka
iífíix Ôú;x mshx fldhs ldg jqK;a f,dj - Ôú;h m%sh fyhska
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fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

NsËQka jykafia,d yh kula l< l,n,hla
fkdfjhs' flairisxyd§yQ ilaldhoDIaáh n,j;a fyhska ;ukag
m%;smCIi;a;ajfhl= fkd olakdyq urKhg ìh fkdfõ'
wern fuh jÞ< y' fu;a;d( ;ud Wmud lr wka whf.a ÿl-iem .ek is; we;s lr
.kakd wdl,amh ffu;%sh i|yd mdol fjhs' lsisfjl=g jO fõokd
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w;a;dkx Wmux l;ajd k yfkhH k >d;fh

iífí( ish¿ fokd¦ oKaviai( o`vqjñka¦ ;ika;s(

;%ia; fj;s¦ iífíix( yeu fokdgu¦ Ôú;x(
Ôú;h¦ mshx( m%sh h¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ Wmux l;ajd(
Wmud lr f.k¦ k yfkhH( fkd urkak¦ k >d;fh(
fkd urjkak'

f,dj ish,af,dau o~qjug ìhfj;s' Ôú;hg m%sh fj;s'

tfyhska ;ud Wmud fldg l,amkd lrñka lsisjl= fkd
urkak' fkd urjkak'

újrKh

k yfkhH k >d;fh( fkd urkak¦ fkd urjkak' fuys újrKh

jkafka fn!oaO iodpdr O¾ufhys b;d jeo.;a jk Wmudjls' ;uka
Ôúhl= jYfhka urKhg yd o~qug we;s ìh;a ;uka ;=< mj;akd
Ôú;dYdj;a ñïula jYfhka .ksñka wksl=;a Ôùka o ta yd iudk
u Ôú;dYdjlska yd urK Nhlska iukaú; nj f;areïf.k ta
wkqj lsisu i;a;ajhl=g urK Nh we;s fkd lr ysßyer fkd lr
ldreKslj ms<sme§u fuys yrh hs' ;ud wleue;s lsisjla wkqkag o
fkd lrkakehs nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'

fuys —yeu i;ayq oKavkfhka ;e;s .Ks;s" urKfhka ìhm;a

fj;s˜hs jodf<a kuqÿ fuys w¾:h idjfYaI neúka flaYrisxyhka
o wdcdfkah yia;s-wYaj-jDINhka yd CISKdY%jhka o yer
wjfYaI i;a;ajfhda muKla ìhm;a fj;shs o; hq;=hs' fudjqka
w;=frka CISKdY%j f;u ilaldhoDIaáh m%ySK jQ fyhska kdu-rEm
Ou_hkaf.a ì£ula úkd ñfhk i;a;ajfhl= fkd olafka ìhm;a

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 9

 iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk hfula iem leue;s i;=ka fm<d kï Tyq iem fkd ,nkafkls'

131' iqL ldudks N+;dks iemg leu;s i;ajhkag

fhd oKafâk úysxi;s lr ysßyer ÿla oefkkag
w;a;fkd iqL fuidfkd ;ukag iem ßis jqkdg
fmÉp fida k ,Nf; iqLx ^10(3& fkd ,efnhs u;= iem ú¢kag

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 me;=j;a fkd ,n;a - u;= iem iïm;a
10 ^3& <ud msßil f.a mqj;la ^131 iy 132 .d:d&

ie je;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tla fhdjqka msßila wern
fï .d:dj jod< fial'
—Th f.d,a,kag ljqre yß jg lr f.k .ykjg Th
f.d,a, leu;s keye fka o@˜
—keye'˜

oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ms~q msKsi yeisfrk —ta jf.a ;uhs fï i;dg Th <uhs jg lr f.k
jia ieje;a kqjrg msúiqK y' tla ùoshl jäkd .ykjg thd leu;s kE' oelal fkao ÿj, fífrkak
Wkajykafiag <uqka msßila lE flda .iñka lsishï yok yeá' b;ska wms wfma iem n,df.k wkqkag ÿla
fohla fj; .,a .ikq fmksKs' ta l=ula oehs lsÜgq ù ysßyer fokjd fka o@ <uhsfka" wms tfyu lf<d;a
neÆ Wkajykafiag <uqka .,a .ikafka .er`ähl=g nj wmsg iemla kï ,efnkafka kE' wehs@ wms mõ lrk
fmksKs' ksid' mõ lrk whg ixidf¾ ÿlu ;uhs ,efnkafka˜

Wkajykafia Tjqka f.ka m%Yakhla ke`.+ y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a Wmfoia weiQ <fuda leg
len,s;s mfil,d Wkajykafiag je| ;uka kej;
—<uhs fudlo Th lrkafka@˜ i;=kag ysßyer fkdlrk nj lshd isáh y'

—wms fï i¾mhl=g .,a .ykjd˜ újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^131 .d:dj&

—wehs ta@˜ w;a;fkd iqLfuidfkd fhd iqLldudks N+;dks

oKafâk úysxi;s fid fmÉp iqLx k ,Nf;
— i¾mhd úihs' wmsg oIag lrhs˜
w;a;fkd( ;uyg¦ iqLfuidfkd( iqj leue;s jQ¦ fhd(
—b;ska" i¾mhd oIag lrkjg Th <uhs nh o@˜ hfula¦ iqLldudks( ^tfiau& iqj leu;s jQ¦ N+;dks(
i;a;ajhka¦ oKafâk( ;e<Sï fm<Sï wdosfhka¦ úysxi;s(
—Tõ' wms nhhs' wms wfma mKg wdofrhs' wms i¾mhd ysßyer lrhs o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ fmÉp( u;= ^wd;aufha
f.ka fífrkak ;uhs fï .ykafka' .y,d urkjd'˜ oS&¦ iqLx( iem¦ k ,N;s( fkd ,nhs'

—Th <uhs" Th <uhskaf.a mKg wdofrhs' ta jf.a fï ;uyg iqj leue;s jQ hfula ^tfiau& iqj leu;s jQ
i¾mhd;a Wf.a mKg wdof¾ we;s fka o@˜ i;a;ajhka ;<d fm<d ysßyer lrhso" Tyqg mrf,dj
ÈjH ukqIH iem fyda ksjka iem fkd ,nkafkah'
<fuda l;d fkd lr;s'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 11

 iem m;k hfula iem leue;s i;=ka fm<Sï - keiSï fkd flf¾ kï Tyq iem ,nkafkls'

132' iqLldudks N+;dks iemg leu;s i;a;ajhkag

fhd oKafâk k ysxi;s ;e`Mï fm`Mï fkd fokakkag
w;a;fkd iqL fuidfkd iem iïm;a ßis ;ukag
fmÉp fid ,Nf; iqLx u;= ckaful yels ,nkag

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wkqkag ÿla fkd fokakkag - yels u;=jg iem ,nkag
10 ^3& <ud msßila f.a mqj;la ^131 iy 132 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^132 .d:dj& Tyq f.a meñKSu wfmaËdfjka isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq
—iqo;a;˜ hehs kñka wu;d ms<s.;a y' tfia wu;kq ,eîfuka myka
jQ" fyf;u —nqÿrÿka iqjfia ie;msKsoe˜hs úuiS h' thg ms<s;=re
w;a;fkd iqLfuidfkd fhd iqLldudks N+;dks jYfhka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
oKafâk k ysxi;s fid fmÉp iqLx ,Nf;
—flf<ia .sks ksjdÆ - lï iqjh yer oeuQ
w;a;fkd( ;uyg¦ iqLfuidfkd( iem leu;s jQ¦ fhd( ry;a m, ,;a whg - ksod .; yel iqfjka
hfula¦ iqL ldudks N+;dks( ^tfiau& iem leu;s ish¿ nr nyd Æ - ksù iekiqKq is;e;s
kejqï osúhla ,enQ - myka is;a we;s Tjqyq
jQ i;ajhkag¦ oKafâk( ;e<sï fm<Sï wdosfhka¦ k ÿla fõokd uqod - iqfjka ie;fm;s iod˜
ysxi;s( ysßyer fkd lrhs o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ fmÉp(
u;= Njfhys¦ iqLx( iem¦ ,Nf;( ,nhs' hss ms<s;=re ÿka y' oyï wid fidajdka jQ fyf;u Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiag ieje;a kqjr jia jikakg werhqï l< y' nqÿ rÿka ta
;uyg iqj leu;s hfula tfiau iqj leu;s i;ajhka werhqu ms<s.;af;ka fyf;u fÊ; l=ureka f.a Whk rka ldis
w;=rd ñ,hg f.k fÊ;jkdruh ;kjd mQcd lf<a h' nqÿrÿka jia
;e<Sï fm<Sï wdÈfhka fkd fm<kafka kï fyf;u oy kuhlau .; lf<a fÊ;jkdrdufha h'
mrf,dj ÈjH ukqIH yd ksjka iem ,nkafkah'
wkd: msKaäl isgdKka f.a f,a,sh jQ iqcd;d ;rula ier mreI"
újrKh l,n,ldÍ ;eke;a;shl jQjd h' jrla isgq;=udf.a ksjig jevu
l< nqqÿrÿkag weh f.a lg y~ wikakg ,eìks' —ta uf.a f,a,sh
wkd: msKaäl isgq;=ud( fï .d:d jeä yßhla foaYkd lr we;af;a hs' ´ ier mreIhs' weh ieoeye we;a;shl fkd fõ˜ hs isgq;=ud
ieje;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufha oS h' nqÿrÿka jia úiaila muK úiQ mejiS h'
fï wdrduh bos lr mQcd lrk ,oafoa wkd: msKaäl isgq;=ud úisks'
weh le|jQ nqÿyq Nd¾hdjreka i;a fokl= isák nj úia;r l< y'
wfka ms~q isgq;=udKka f.a kshu ku iqo;a; h' Tyq f.a wiudk tkï"
Þkm;s;ajh fya;=fjka wkd: msKaäl hk ku fhosK' fï kfukau 1' jOl Nd¾hdj
meyeos,s jkafka nqoaO Ydikhg lrk ,o mQcdjkag fukau 2' fpdar Nd¾hdj ^fyrla jeks ìß|&
wirKhkag mß;Hd. lsÍu u.ska Tyq lS¾;shg m;aj isá njls' 3' whH Nd¾hdj ^iajdñÿjla n÷ ìß|&
4' ud;= Nd¾hdj ^ujla jeks ìß|&
iqo;a; Wmkafka ieje;a ^idjFÓ& kqjr h' Tyq f.a uiaiskd úiQfha 5' N.sks Nd¾hdj ^keÕkshl jka ìß|&
rc.y kqjr h' jrla Tyq uiaiskd f.a ksjig .sh .ufka oS fjkod 6' iÇ Nd¾hdj ^ñ;=ßhl jeks ìßh&
fuka ;ud ms<s.kakg fmrg fkd wd uiaiskd lsishï idohlg 7' odis Nd¾hdj ^oeiail jeks ìß|&
ierfik njla ÿgq fya ta .ek úuiS h' miq osk nqoaO m%uqL
ix>hdg oka msßkuk nj Tyqg mjik ,os' znqoaOZ hk jpkh weiQ fuhska Tn ljfrlaoehs weiQ úg zuu odis Nd¾hdjla fjñZ hs ´
muKskau Tyqg lsishï wuq;a;la oeksKs' ;ud os.= l,la fidhñka ksy;udkSj lSjd h' oskm;d foõrug f.dia nqÿrÿka olskakg
isá hula ,enqKq njla oekqKq Tyqg jydu nqÿka olskakg ßis úh' mqreÿj isá wkd: msKaäl isgq;=ud Wkajykafia wdrdufha ke;s úg
Wkajykafia fjkqjg j¢kakg mqokakg fhda.H ixfla;hla fia
znqoaOZ hk jpkh weiQ fudfydf;a isg miajKla m%S;sfhka mskd wdkkao ysñhka ,jd fndaêhla frdamKh lrjd .;af;a h'
f.dia isá iqo;a;g miqosk Wodjk ;=re isákakg bjis,a,la fkd
ùh' tfyhska ? wv kskafoa isg b;d w¿hu msìÿKq fyf;u ldg;a iqL( nqÿ iuh fuf,dj iem yd mrf,dj iem ms<sn|j W.kajk
fkd okajd nqÿrÿka jev isá iS;jkh n,d w÷f¾u msg;a úh' /h oyuls' osÜGOïu iqL yd iïmrdhsl iqL jYfhka y÷kajkafka
w÷re jqj o nqÿrÿka olakg Tyq ;=< jQ m%idod;aul WfoHda.h yd fof,dj iem; hs' osÜGOïu fyj;a fuf,dj iem; .sys iqL yd
Nla;sh ksid u. fmfkk ;rfï wdf,dalhla Tyq f.a YÍrfhka mínð; iqL jYfhka oaúúO h' .syshd f.a iem f,!lsl;ajhg nr
úysÿKq nj lshkq ,efí' tfy;a w;r u.oS iqidk N+ñhla miq lr fj;;a mínð; iqLh ffkIal%uHhg nr h'
hoaoS Tyqg ìhla oeksKs' wdmiq yefrkakg mjd is;=k o iSjl kï
hËhd t;=ud osß .ekaù h' .ssyshd f.a iem; .ek úia;r lrk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

—we;=ka iShla - wiqka iShla 1' w;aÓ iqL ^oeyeñka oE; fomh fjfyid Wmhd .;a
ishla jdyk - ishla hqj;ska Okhla ;ukag we;s nj is;k úg we;s jk iemh&
rejka lKlr - me<| .;a ksis
uqÿ ud, fudk - ;rï ;snqK;a 2' fNd. iqL ^Wmhd .;a Okfhka ;ud" ;u foudmshka"
mshjrl Tn - fmrg ;nkd wUq orejka" ñ;%dud;Hhka i;=gq lr" msKjd mxp úO
tla fidf<dia wv - ;rï fkd jà n,so bgq l< úg we;sjk i;=g&
isgq ;=udKks - hkak fmrgu
tmd lsis f,i miq niskakg˜ 3' wKk iqL ^;ud lsisjl=g Kh ke;s nj is;k úg
we;s jk i;=g&
Tyq f.a ìh ÿre ù nqÿrcdKka jykafia flf¾ Nla;sfhka is;
msÍ .sfha h' osß Wmojd .;a fya fmrgu .uka lf<a h' fu n÷ 4' wkjÊc iqL ^ksrjoH Ôú;hla .; lrk nj is;k
miqnEï fo ;=ka jrla u isÿ jqj o wka;sfï fya iS; jkhgu úg we;sjk i;=g&
.sfha h'
hkqfjka th isõ jeoEreï jk whqre meyeos,s l< y'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 13

 lsisfjl=g mfrdia nia fkd lshkak' tfia lSfjd;a Tng o weKqï - neKqï j,g uqyqK mEug isÿfõ'

133' udZfjdp Mreix l[aÑ fkd lshkq uek mrei jpk - Tn tajd lSfjd;a
jq;a;d májfohHqZ;x is;a ßfokd jpk Tng - lsh; yelsh wkqkq;a
ÿlaLd ys idrïN l:d tlg tl lshd .ekSu ÿlla fõh Tng;a
máoKavd MqfihHq ;x ^10(5& tlsfkldg nek jeoSu ú¢kak fjhs ldg;a

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<d;a tlg tl - w;a fjkjd ÿl
10 ^4& l=KavOdk f;rekaf.a l:dj ^133 iy 134 .d:d&

l= KavOdk f;reka jykafia wern nqÿrcdKka

jykafia fï .d:d fol foaYkd lf<a ieje;a kqjr
weiska ÿgq idËsh m%n, úh' wka;sfï oS Wfmdai: lu_h
bosßhg f.k hd fkd yelsj uyd w¾nqohla we;s úh'
fÊ;jkdrdufhys jev jdih lrñks'
fï ish,a, n,d isá foõ ÿj zzud úiska ñ;=re oula
l=KavOdk f;reka meúos jQ od mgka Wkajykafia .uka ì¢kakg f.dia lr we;af;a uyd nrm;, jrols' oeka
lrk yeu ;eku rEu;a ldka;djla o Wkajykafia fï w¾nqoh úi¢h hq;af;a o ud úisks˜hs is;d ix>hd
legqj weúoskd njla fmfkhs' tfy;a f;reka jykafia,d wu;d —iajdóks" fï NsËqku jrola fkd
jykafiag weh fmfkkafka ke;' f;reka .u mqrd lf<a h' ud fï úys¿j lf<a foku f.a ñ;=re oï ì|
ms~q isÕd jeä úg odhlfhda f;rekaf.a md;%hg tla oud úfkdao ùug h' iud ù fmdah lrkq uekú˜hs lshd
yekaola fnod —Tn jykafiagh˜ lshd" ;j;a yekaola isáfha h' foõ ÿj wyfia fmkS isg m%ldY l< fyhska
—fï Tn jykafia iu. hk ñ;=ßhg˜hehs fno;s' ysñjre th ms<s.;a y' flfiajqj o fokuf.a ñ;%Fjh
fmr fuka l=¿m. ;Fjhg h<s m;a fkd ùh'
fuu wreuh isÿ jQfha Wkajykafia w;ska ldYHm nqÿka
iufhys isÿ jQ mdm l¾uhl úmdlhla jYfhka hehs újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^133 .d:dj&
jd¾;d fjhs'
l[aÑ Mreix ud wfjda p jq;a;d ;x májfohHqx
ldYHm nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a Ydikfhys NsËq idrïN l:d ys ÿlaLd máoKavd ;x MqfihHqx
fokula tl ujf.a orejka fuka uy;a fifkyiska
úiQ y' fldys h;;a foku tlgu h;s' oskla fï l[aÑ( lsisjl=g¦ Mreix( r¿ nila¦ ud wfjda p(
foku Wfmdai: l¾uh msKsi huq hs tlg msg;a jQ y' fkd lshkak¦ jq;a;d( neKqï ,oafoda¦ ;x( Tng¦
tl,ays tla foõ ÿjla fï foku oel —uqka jykafia,d májfohHqx( ms<sjoka lshkakd y¦ idrïN l:d ys(
f.a ñ;=re lu Wjukdjg jeäh' fï fofokd fNao l< yria l;d lsÍu fyj;a tlfgl lshd .ekau¦ ÿlaLd(
hq;=h˜ hs is;d Wml%uhla l,amkd lrñka isáhd h' ÿlla fjhs¦ ^tfyhska& má oKavd( m%;s m%ydr¦ ;x(
Tng¦ MqfihHqx( meñfKhs'
w;r uÕ os tla kulg YÍrlD;Hh lsÍfï
wjYH;djla we;súh' ud YÍrlD;Hh lr tk;=re Tn lsisjl=g neK fkd joskak' neKqï ,oafoda Tng o
T;eku isákq uekjehs Wkajykafia jkfrdo ;=<g nKskq we;' ^tlg tl lshd .ksñka& neK .ekSu
msúiqK y' fï wjia:dfjys ;u wruqK bgq lr .kakg ÿlls' tys m%;sM, jYfhka m%;s m%ydrhg ,lajkakg
bv ,eìKehs is;+ foõ ÿj ukqIH ia;%shl f.a fõYhla isÿfjhs'
ujd f.k f;reka jkfhka msg;g tk úg we|sj;
ilia lrñka ysi flia iliñka Wkajykafia iuÕu
msg;g wdjdh' f;rekaf.a ñ;=re ysñkug fmfkkakg
tfia wjq;a ´ fjkz;l fkdfmkS .shd h'

ñ;=re ysñku fï ish,a, n,d isg f;reka jykafia

f.ka —Tfí is,a ì| .;a;d fkd fõ oe˜ hs m%Yak
lf<ah' —ke;' ud tjekakla lr .;af;a ke;˜hs f;ryq
ms<sjoka ÿka y' —wehs ke;af;a ud ÿgqjd Tn miq mi
rEu;shla tk nj'˜ —keye weje;aks" ud tjekakshla
oelafla keye' tn÷ fohla lf<;a keye' kslrefKa
ud jekfik l;djla yokak tmd'˜ —uf.a weyska ÿgq
foa fndre lrkak yokak tmd' weh wdmq úosfhka ug
fyd`ogu úiajdihs krl fohla fj,d ;sfhk nj'˜
fufia os.ska os.gu lreKq lSj;a weiska ÿgq foag jvd
fjk;a fohla ms<s.kakg ysñku leu;s fkd ùh' —uu
Tn iu. fmdah fkd lrñ'˜hs fya lshd isáfha h'

Wfmdai:d.drfha oS fpdaol ysñku ish¿ NsËQka

bosßfha —fï NsËq ku mdrdðld jQfha h' uu fï
isoaêh ÿgqfjñ' Tyq iuÕ fmdah l< fkd yel˜hs
fpdaokd lf<a h' pqos;hd ta fpdaokdj m%;sfËam l< o
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 15
 ksi, ;eke;a;d ksjKg meñKshl= jeks h' Tyq tlfgl lSfula flÍfula ke;'

134' i fp fkfris w;a;dkx ì÷Kq ms;a;, n÷k

lxfid Wmyf;da h:d kej; y~ fkdu kÕk
ti m;af;dais ksíndKx ú,i ksjkg meñK
idrïfNd f; k úÊc;s ^10(6& uek l,y ÿr yßk

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 iekiqï is; - hq;= /l .;
10 ^4& l=KavOdk f;rekaf.a l;dj ^133 iy 134 .d:d& ^b;sß fldgi&

ys ñjre ta wd;au Ndjfha u ry;a ù .; kqyqKq

fyhska wmj;a j foõ f,dj Wmka y' foõ ÿj
;uka l< wl=Y, lu_h ksid wùÑ uyd krldosfhys
fkd msßkukq we;' tfyhska oskm;d rc ueÿrg meñK
wdydr j<|d hkq uekú˜ hs wdrdOkh lr .sfha h'
meñKs,sldr ysñjre fuhska jvd;a wukdmhg m;aj —
Wmkakd h' fndfyda l,la wmdÿla ú¢ ´ wm nqÿka ÿYaYS,hd oeka rc;=ud iu. ñ;% jQjd˜hs lSy' ta weiQ
iufhys ieje;a kqjr l=, mq;%fhla j bmso meúosj l=KavOdk f;rKqfjda oeka ;uka rdc l=¨m.
Wmiïmodj o ,oafoa h'ta fï l=KavOdk f;rKqfjda h' fyhska udkfhka o hq;=j —ÿiaiS, lu;a iqiS, lu;a
tfy;a Wkajykafia meúos jQ od mgka uy uÕ jäkd Tnjykafia,d ,Õu h˜ hs neK jeÿfKa h'
úg rEu;a ldka;djla miq miska hk whqrla osia fjhs'
th Wkajykafia fkd ols;s' thska wukdmhg m;a ysñjre nqÿrÿka lrd t<U
—fï NsËqj ;uka ÿYaYS, jQjd uosj wmg ÿYaYS,
mqrdlD; wl=Y,fhys úmdl jYfhka fuh isÿ jk nj jdofhka fpdaokd lrhs˜ hs meñKs,s l< y' ta ms<sn|j
lsisfjla fkd oks;s' tfyhska fuh uq¿ iÕ mrmqrg u Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úuiQ úg l=KavOdk f;rKqfjda
ks.%yhla fia is;+ NsËQyq wfka ms~q isgdKka yuq ù —ÿYaYS, fkdjQ ug tfia lS fyhska uu;a tfia lSñ˜ hs
—isgdfKks"fï wn%yaupdÍ NsËqj Tfíúydria:dkfhka ms<s;=re ÿka y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia túg —tfia tlg
fkrmd oukak' Wkajykafia f.a fkdukd mej;=ï tl lSu fkd jà' fï ysñjreka Tn ÿYaYS,hehs lSfõ
ksid ish¿ NsËQkagu isÿ ù we;af;a kskaodjls˜ hs ldka;d rEmhla Tn yd weúoskq weig fmfkk fyhsks'
mejiQ y' —ysñjreks" nqÿrÿka úydrfha ke;s o@˜ hs tys ksoyig lreKla ;sfí' tfy;a Tn Tjqkag ÿYaYS,
isgqf;u úuiSh' —isá;s˜hs Tjqyq ms<sjoka ÿka y'—tfia fpdaokdj lrkafka tfia ke;sj kslrefKa h'
kï Wkajykafiau fuh ols;ajd˜hs fya ksy~ úh' .sh wd;auhl l< n,j;a wl=Y, l¾uh ksid oeka
wk;=rej NsËQyq úYdLd Wmdisldj yuqjg f.dia ta fufia ks.%y ,nkafkays h' oekq;a is,aj;=kag neK jeoS
b,a,Su l< y' ´ o tu ms<s;=r u ÿkakd h' odhlhka ;j;a whig m;a jkakg jEhï fkdlrkak' lsisjl=g
fufia WodiSk ùu .ek fkd i;=gq jQ ysñjre rc;=ud tlg tl fkd lshkak' ms;a;, l<hla lE,sj,g levQ
yuqjkakg f.dia fu mj;a mejiQ y' rc;=ud ta ysñ miq y~ ke;=jd fia ksy~j bkak˜hs wjjdo lr fï
ku jik wdrduh wid oel f.k mÍËKhla lrkq .d:d jod< fial'
msKsi f;fï u .sfha h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^134 .d:dj&
rc;=ud f;reka mÍËdjg t;ehs weiQ fndfyda
.sys-meúos msßi tys /ia jQfhka we;s jQ l,n, ifp Wmyf;d lxfid h:d w;a;dkx fkfris tfid
y~g l=KavOdk f;rKqfjda o ,e.=ï f.hska msg;g ksíndKx m;af;d wis f; idrïNd k úÊc;s
wdy' túgu ysñ ku iu. ldka;djla o msg;g tkq
rc;=udg osia úKs' rc;=ud fjfyrg meñfKkq ÿgq ifp( boska¦ Wmyf;d( ì| oeuq¦ lxfid( f,day
l=KavOdk f;rKqfjda Wvquyf,a ish ´jrlhg f.dia ;,shla¦ h:d( ú,iska¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ fkfris(
jev yqka y' rc;=ud Wvq uy,g keÕs kuq;a f;reka ksy~ lr .kafka kï¦ tfid( ta Tn¦ ksíndKx(
fkd jekafoa h' tfy;a ia;%S rEmh fmfkkakg kqjQfhka ksjkg¦ m;af;d wis( meñKsfha fjys¦ f;( Tng¦
Wvq uy, mqrd n,d weh fkd oel —ysñhks Tn idrïfNd( jpk yqjudrejla¦ ^tlg tl lshqï
jykafia iu. Wvq uy,g wd ia;%sh fldysoe˜hs úpd< flreï& k úÊc;s( fkd jkafka h'
y' —uyrc ud ÿgq ia;%shla ke;˜ hs ysñku ms<s;=re
ÿkafka h' —iajdóks" u|lg my, ud,hg jevu ì| oeuQ f,day ;,shla fuka ksy~j Tng bkakg yels
lrkake˜hs rc;=ud b,a,d isáfhka f;rKqfjda tfia l< kï" fï ms<sfj; mqrkakd jQ Tn ksjkg meñKsfhla
y' u;= ud,fha oS fkd fmkqkq ia;%S rEmh my, ud,fha jkafkah' tfia ksjka ,nk Tng lsisjl= iuÕ jpk
oS h<s my< úh' kej; Wvq uy,g .sh úg ia;%S rEmh yqjudre lr .kakg wjYH fkd jkafka h'
w;=reoyka úh' fo ;=ka jrla fuh msßlaiQ rc f;u
—iajdóks" fuys f;areu l=ula o@ ug we;a; lshkq újrKh
uekú˜hs úuiS h' —uyrc" uu fuys we;a; ke;a;
fkd oksñ' ud iu. ldka;djla weúosk nj fndfyda Mreix ud wfjd p( r¿ jpk fkd lshd jd.a iodpdrh mqrkakg
fm<Uùuls' fndrej" fla,u" Mrei jpkh yd ´md¥m l;dj hk
fokd lsh;s' tfy;a uu lsis lf,l weh fkd olsñ˜ hs y;frkau je<l=Kq úg jd.a iqpß;h msrejd fjhs'
ms<s;=re ÿkafkah'
lxi( f,dayfhka ;ekQ ;,shla jeks n÷ka lxi kï fjhs' f,day
hïlsis wìryia brKulska ysñku wirK njg m;aj .Khg rka" ßoS" ;U" hlv yd Bhï hk my .efka' f,dayfhka
isák nj f;areï .;a rcf;u —ysñhks" fï ;Fjh ;ekQ ;,shla y~ k.kafka tys f.da, yevh ;sfnk ;=re muKs'
lvd ì| oeuQ úg >Kagd kdoh jeks rdjhla kÕkafka ke;'
hgf;a Tn jykafiag lsisjl= odk-udkdosh
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 17
 f.dm¨ .jhka flúfgka f.dÿrg f.khk fia crd urK fo fok i;=ka f.a wdhq f.jd,;a'

135' h:d oKafâk f.dmdf,d flúá mdyr oS .j /,

.dfjd mdfp;s f.dprx f.k hk fia ;K msáhg
tjx crd p uÉpQ p crd urK fol ñksiqka
wdhqx mdfpka;s mdKskx ^10(7& f.k hkjd osúh w.g

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 crd urK ths - osú fl<jr fjhs'
10 ^5& is,a .;a Wjeishka msßila ^135 .d:dj&

mQ¾jdrdufhys jev jdih lrk iufhys wm

nqÿmshdKka jykafia úiska fï .d:dj fmfyjia
úidld uyd Wmdisldj( úidldj Okxch isgq;=ud f.a oshKsh
jQjd h' weh f.a uj iqukd foaúh hs' m%lg Okj;a isgqjrhl= jQ
fuKavl weh f.a iShd jQfha h' úidldjg jhi y;la jQ iufhys
iudoka jQ Wmdisldjka mkaishhla uq,a lrf.k jodrk nqÿrcdKka jykafia weh f.a Wmkaìu jQ wx. rdcHfha Noaosh
,oS' kï .ug jevu l< y' ta m%jD;a;sh weiq úidldjf.a uq;a;Kqfjda
ish ñksìßh le|jd —úidldfjks" fuh b;d m%S;su;a oskhls' Tfí
jrla ieje;a kqjr ldka;dfjda mkaishhla mQj_drduhg iydhsldjka yeufokd le|jkak' ukdj ieriS jdyk j, ke.S
meñK wgis,a iudoka jQ y' úydrh lrjd mQcd l< fiajl fiaúldjka o legqj nqÿ mshdKka ms<s.kq msKsi msg;a jkak˜
hs Wmfoia ÿkafka h' thg tlÕ jQ ´ jyd ish,a, iQodkï lr
odkm;sksh jQ úidld isgq oshKsfhda Tjqka neye f.k nqÿrÿka tk fmr u.g f.dia je| kuialdr lr ms<s.;a;d
olskakg meñK úúO jhia j, whf.ka is,a .kakg h'
fya;=j l=ulaoehs úuiQ y' wehg úúO jhia j, wh fï l=vd oeßhka f.a ùkS;dpdrj;a nj ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
f.ka ,enqfKa úúO ms<s;=re h' jhia.; Wmdisldjka fnfyúka m%ikakj Tjqkag Ou_ foaYkd l< fial' mska fudard isá
mejiqfõ ;uka wdfõ wgis,a /lSu uÕska urKska u;= úidld l=ußh Ou_ foaYkh wjidkfhys fidajdka M,h ,enqjd h'
weh ta nd, úfha oS mjd uqyql=rd .sh kqjKska hq;a jQjd fukau ldh
osjH f,dalj, bmso foõ iem ú¢kakg nj h' iuyr Yla;sfhka o wka whg jvd uq,a fmf<a isáhd h' tfukau jks;djka
ueosúfha ldka;dfjda mejiqfõ ieñhd f.a iu ìßka|ka i;= ms%hxlr;ajfhka yd wdl¾YkShFjfhka o fkd wvq jQjdh' os.
iu. os.gu ksjfiys isákakg we;s wlue;a; ksid jr,i" fudkr ms,la fuka jQ nj o w.ska by,g keó isá nj o
oskh úydria:dkfha .; lsÍug meñKs nj h' ;reK lshefjhs' weh f.a fof;d,a oSma;su;a rla; jK_fhka nen¨Kq w;r
ldka;djka lrd f.dia úuiQ úg mq;=ka ,efíjd hs uDÿ yd m%shckl o úh' ukdj msysá iqÿ o;a uq;= fm<la n÷ úh'
weh f.a rkajka iu udfk,a fm;s fuka iquqÿ úh' orejka /il
m%d¾:kd lrñka is,a .kakg wd nj lS y' nd, ,÷ka f.a ujla jQ miqj o weh f.a rE imqj ukdj iq/lsKs'
lshd isáfha ;uka kj fhdjqka úfha oSu újdy ùu
m%d¾:kd lr meñKs njh' fï ish¿ ms<s;=re /ia lr flaY l<HdKh" udxi l<HdKh" wiaÓ l<HdKh" p¾u l<HdKh
.;a úidld f;dfuda nqÿrÿkag Tjqka y÷kajd oSs fï wh yd jh l<HdKh hk mxp l<HdKfhkau hqla; jQ ´ f,!lsl yd
f,daflda;a;r lreKq úIfhys m%{dfjka o w.%m%dma; jQjdh' jhi
wg is,a .kakg fm<eUqKq úúO fya;= ie< lr isáhd
16 oS muK ´ f;dfuda msßjr iuÕ tla W;aij oskl osh fl<s
h' ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —úidldfjks" .jhka msKsi .x bjqrg .shd h' Wka ysá yeáfha jeiaila lvd jeáKs'
flúfgka yiqrejd ;K ìug f.k hkakd fia crdj úidldj f.a msßi jy,la we;s ;ekla fidhd osj .sh y' Tjqka
yd urKh wfma Ôú; wjidkh lrd f.k hhs˜ hs msúiqKq Yd,dfjys ;uka weiqre lrk isgq mjq,l isgql=url= i|yd
jodrd fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial' mxp l,HdKshl fidhd wd nuqfKda msßila jQy' úidldj" ;u msßi
osj f.k wd kuq;a ;ud fyñysg f;fuñka wjq;a tys msúiqKq whqre
ÿgq nuqfKda —w,i fl,a,la˜ hehs wehg úys¨ l< y'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^135 .d:dj&
—ug wks;a whg jvd fõ.fhka ÿjf.k tkak ;snqKd' kuq;a TgqKq
h:d f.dmdf,d oKafâk .dfjd f.dprx mdfp;s tjx m<ka rc;=ud" ieriQ uÕ=,a we;d" NsËqku" wnrK ,d ieriqKq
crd p uÉpQ p mdKskx wdhqx mdfpka;s ldka;dj hk isjq fokd osùu is;al¿ fyda ksjeros fkdjk nj ´
fmkajd ÿkakd h' weh f.a ms<s;=frka i;=gg m;a nuqfKda fï mxp
l<HdKfhka fmdfydi;a W.;a úh;a rEu;sh wm f.a isgq mq;%hdgu
h:d( hï fia¦ f.dmdf,d( .j m,af,la¦ oKafâk( .e,fm;ehs ;SrKh fldg ta i|yd lghq;= l< y' tys m%;sM,h
flúfgka¦ ^myr foñka& .dfjd( .jhka¦ f.dprx( jQfha ñ.dr kï jQ isgqjrhd f.a mq;% mQ¾Kj¾Ok iuÕ weh újdy
;K ìu lrd¦ mdfp;s( f.k hhs o¦ tjx( ùu hs' ta isgq mjq, f;rejka irK .sh msßila fkd jQy' újd uÕ=,a
t mßoafoka¦ crd p( crdj o¦ uÉpQ p( urKh o osk wehg uyd ,;d m%idokh fyj;a uy ,sh m<|kdj odhdo
^hk fudyq&¦ mdKskx( i;ajhkaf.a¦ wdhqx( wdhqIh¦ jYfhka mshdKka f.ka ,eìK' mshdKka úiska wehg
mdfpka;s( ^CIhg& muqKqjkakdy' 1' we;=<; .sks msg; fkd fokak'
2' msg; .sks we;=<g fkd .kak'
flúá myr foñka .jhka ;K ìug f.k hk 3' fokakkag muKla fokak'
f.damd,hl= fuka crdj yd urKh i;aFjhka 4' fkd fokakkag fkd fokak'
Ôú;djidkh lrd f.k hhs' 5' fokakkag yd fkd fokakkag o fokak'
6' iqjfia ys¢kak'
7' iqjfia wdydr .kak'
újrKh 8' iqjfia ksokak'
9' .sks mqokak'
crd p uÉpQ p( fuys crd urK fol f.dm,a,d fuka o" 10' l=, foaj;djka mqokak˜hs hk Wmfoia oyh fok ,oS'
Ôúf;Jøshh f.dkqka fuka o" urKh ;Kìu fuka o o; hq;=hs'
tys cd;s f;dfuda jkdys i;ajhkaf.a Ôúf;Jøshh crdj fj;g újdyfhka miq jdikdjka; mq;=ka oyhla yd ¥jreka oyhla ,o ´
fufyhjhs' crd f;dfuda jHdêh fj;g o" jHdê f;dfuda urKh f;dfuda ldreKsl ujla jQjd h' ududKaäh nqÿ oyug yrjd .;a
fj;g fufyhjhs' ta urK f;fïu flfÜßfhka iska|dla fuka ta miq weh Tyqg o ujla jQjd hk wre;ska —ñ.dr ud;d˜ kñka o
mqoa.,hd f.a Ôúf;Jøshh is| oud hkafkah' m;< jQjd h' mska oyï lrñka m%uqos; Ôú;hla .; l< weh ñh
hk úg jhi wjqreÿ tlish úiaila ù ;sìKs'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 19

 wl=i,a lrk wkqjkhd ;ud l< mõ úmdl ú`oe .skafkka oejqkl= fuka ;efõ'

136' w: mdmdks lïudks fkd jegfyk uq;a nd,hka yg

lrx ndf,d k nqÊCO;s mdmfhys rÕ th lrk úg
fiys lïfïys ÿïfïfOd oefjhs .skafkka ms<siafik fuka
w.a.s oâfVdZj ;mam;s ^10(8& úmdlh fm/<S meñKs úg

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ojhs úmdlh - l< jqka mdmh'
10 ^6& wc.r fm%a; jia;=j ^136 .d:dj&

ie je;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrufhys jev jdih l<

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wc.r fm%%a;hl= ksñ;s lr
f.k fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
Tyq ;=< isgq;=ud flf¾ jQ ffjrh fï lsisjl=kq;a ksù
fkd.sh fyhska isgq;=ud f.a fiajlhl= fj;ska zzTh
isgq ;=ud b;du m%sh lrk jia;=j l=ula o@ZZ hs úuiQ
fya zznqÿ rÿkag bos l< .`o ls<sh ;rï isgq;=ud w.h
oskla uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia ,laLK ysñhka lrk jia;=jla ;j;a ke;ZZhs Tyq lS fyhska .`o ls<sh
iu. .scql=`M mõfjka my<g jevu lrk fiala úkdY lr uf.a ffjrh ixis`ojd .ksñ hs is;d nqÿ
fhdÿka úis myla os. msUqrl= jka fm%a;hl= ish osjeiska rÿka ms~q msKsi .sh w;r ;=r .`o ls<sfha jQ ish`M
ÿgq fial' Tyq f.a ysfika kefÕk .skak j,a.h mßfNda. NdKav l=vqlr oud Bg .sks ;eî h' isgq ;=ud
f;la ojd ,hs' j,a.h foiska kefÕk .skak ysi tys wjq;a n,k úg uq`M .`o ls<sh u oeù w`Mù ;sìKs'
f;la ojhs' oE,fhka kef`.k .skak isrer ueo f;la jpkhla j;a fkd lS isgq ;=ud w`Mf;ka .JOl=áhla
ojd,hs' fï fm%a;hd ÿgq uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia bos lr mQcd lf<ah' tu mQcdj osk zzfï ñksidg ljr
iskd my< l< fial'—iajdóks" iskdfikafk ljr fohla l<;a Tyq lïmdjg m;ajkafka ke;' Tyq urd
fyhskaoe˜ hs ,laLK f;reka úuiQ úg —wdhqIau;aks" bjrhla lrñZZ hs is;+ fydrd W,a msyshla ll=f,a ne`o
th Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqfjys oS úuikake˜ hs f.k W;aijhg iyNd.s úh'
uq.,ka ysñfhda mejiQ y'
.`o ls<sh nqÿkag ms¥ isgqjrhd zzud iuÕ ffjr
,laLK f;rKqfjda ta wkqj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqfõ ne`o.;a mqoa.,fhla uf.a foam, jkid oud fï
oS uq.,ka ysñhka f.ka ta m%Yakh úuiQ y' .JOl=áh o .sks ;eîh' Tyq .`o ls<sh .sks ;enQ
—wdhqIau;aks" uu t;ekos fm%a;hl= ÿgqqfjñ' Tyq f.a ksid ug fï msk lr .kakg ms<sjka úh' Tyqg fï
YÍrh msUqrl= n÷ úh' uq¿ isreru yeu w;skau mska wkqfudaoka lrñ' Tyq iqjm;a fõjd æZZ hs mska
oefjñka ;snqfKah˜hs úia;r lr —tjka fm%a;hl= wkqfudaoka lrkq weiQ fidrd zzfï kï mqÿu idOq .=K
óg l,ska uu oel fkd ;snqfKñ' fujka reÿre ÿla we;s W;=fuleZZ hs <h yqKq ù je`o iudj wheoS h' isgq
we;s iißka uu ñoS we;af;ñ' tfyhska iskd my< ;=ud o ;uka tod lS jpkhg iudj b,a,d isáfha h'
lf<ñ˜hs meyeos,s l< y' túg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
—uyfKks" uf.a Y%djlhkag fofk;a we;=jd muKla zzl< wl=i,a ksid os.= l,la wmd ÿla ú`o oeka fï
fkdj tajdhska m%fhdack .kakd Yla;sh o ;sfí' Th wc.r fm%a;j Wmkafka ta ;eke;a;d hZZ hs jod<
wc.r fm%a;hd uu nqÿ jQ od úÿriqfka isgu osáñ' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mQfj_dla; .d:dj o foaYkd l< y'
tfy;a tjka fm%a;hka isákakg;a ms<sjka oehs iel
lr Y%djlhka úu;shg m;a jk fyhska ta .ek hula újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^136 .d:dj&
lsisjl=g fkd jodf<ñ˜hs m%ldY l< y'
w: mdmdks lïudks lrx ndf,d k nqÊ®;s w:
oï indfjys /iaj yqka NsËQka jykafia,dg tu ÿïfïfOd fiys lïfuys w.a.s oâfVd bj ;mam;s
fm%a;hd tfia ÿla ú¢kakg fya;=j l=ulaoehs oek
.kakg reÑhla we;s jQfhka nqÿrcdKka jykafia th w:( tmuKla fkdfjhs ^w{dkhd fl%daO jYfhka
fy<s lr jod< y' mõlï lrkjd muKla fkd fjhs& mdmdks
lïudks( mdm l¾u" lrx( lrkakd jQ" ndf,d(
ldYHm nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a iufhys iqux., w{dkhd ^fudavhd&" k nqÊ®;s( ^fï mõlug
kï tla isgqjrfhla rka .fvd,ska úYd, bvula jyd fun÷ úmdlhla we;ehs o& fkd okshs' ÿïfïfOd(
ñ<oS f.k ;j;a úYd, rka m%udKhla jeh fldg uyd ^ta& w{dk ;eke;a;d" fiys lïfuys( ;ud l<
úydrhla lrjd fldaá .Kka jeh lr nqoafOdamia:dk mõlñka" w.a.s oâfVd bj( .skafkka ms<siafikakdla
l< y' oskla mdkaoßka nqÿka olskakg hk w;r u. fuka" ;mam;s( oefjhs'
? ;siafia fydrlfï f.dia fomdj, ;ejreKq uvj;a
fidaod fkd f.k l¿ froaolska ysi jid f.k kqjr w×k mqoa.,hd mõ lrk w;r;=r tys nrm;,lu
fodrgqj wi, ksod isá fidfrla isgdKka f.a fk;g f;areï fkd .kshs' tfy;a miq l,l lu_ úmdlhka
,la úh' ta ÿgq isgdfKda —fï ;eke;a;d ? t<sjk ;=re .skaklska oefjkakdla fuka ÿla ú`os hs'
fydrlfï f.dia fomdj, uvj;a fidaod fkdf.k ksod
bkak yeᘠhs mejiS h' ta jpk wv kskafoa isá fidrd újrKh
f.a lK jelsK' —fyd|hs uu tal n,d .kakïZZ hs o;a
fuys nd," ÿïfïO hk jpk j,ska kqjK u`o ;eke;a;d woyia
ñá lE fya isgdKka f.ka m,s .ekSu msKsi t;=ud f.a fjhs' Tyqg fyd`o - krl fjka lr y`ÿkd .kakd úpËKh ke;'
l=Uqr y;ajrla .sks ;eî h' .jhka f.a mdo y;a jrla tfyhska iïud osÜÀfhka f;dr h'
u lmd ,Sh' isgq ueÿrg o y;a jrla .sks ;eîh'
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 21
 ksfodia W;=ukg wjev lrk ;eke;a;d oiÿla lreKq w;=frka tllg jyd u meñfKa¡

137¡ fhd oKafâk woKafâiq jo fkdl< hq;= whg - jo fõokd lrk

wmamÿÜfGiq ÿiai;s ÿIag lï is; fkdue;s - W;=uka g ÿIag jk
oikakx w[a[;rx Gdkx hfula fj;akï bmso - oi krlfhka tll
Åmamfuj ks.ÉP;s ^10(9& jyd ÿlgu jefg;s - tys úmdlh ú,i

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<d;a ffjr W;=ukayg - fjhs úmdl ú| .kakg
10 ^7& uq.,ka uy f;r j; ^.d:d 137 isg 140 olajd&

uq .,ka uy ry;ka jykafia ksñ;s fldg nqÿ

mshdKka jykafia úiska fï .d:d y;r foaYkd
lr jodrk ,oafoa foõrï fjfyroS h'
jQ fidre Wkajykafia f.a isrefrys weg lgq l=vqjk
fia ;eÆ y' Wkajykafia ñh .sh nj is;+ Tjqyq isrer
m÷rla hgg ùissfldg hkakg .sh y'

tla iufhla ys ñiosgqfjda tla /iaj uyd msßksjka mdkakg fmr nqÿrÿka oel iuq.kakg is;+
l=uka;%Khla l< y' f;rKqfjda iDoaê n,fhka isrer iDcq lrf.k nqÿrÿka
olakg f.dia ;uka msßksjka mdkd nj ie< lr
—fidfydhqrks" nqÿ rÿkag;a Y%djlhkag;a fndfyda odk isáh y'
udkdosh;a msßlr;a ,efnk ryi Tn oks;a o@˜ tla
wfhla úuiQ y' —Tn msßksjka mdkjdo fud.a.,a,dk@˜ nqÿ rcdKka
jykafia úuid isáh y'
—,dN m%fhdack ,efnk nj kï oksuq' ryi kï fkd
oksuq' Tn oks;a kï wmg;a lshkak˜ hs wkHfhda —tfyuhs iajdóks" uu msßksjka mdkafkñ˜
mejiQ y'
—ljr ;eklg o Tn msßksjka mdkakg hkafka @˜
—wykak" uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia tla jrlg osjH —ld,is,djg hs iajdóks"˜
f,dalhg h;s' mska lr foajd;au Ndj ,nd Wmkakjqka
f.ka Tn fuys Wmoskakg l< mskalu l=ulaoehs wid —tfia kï" msßksjka mdkakg fmr ug nK álla
oek f.k ukq f,dj wjq;a ckhdg ta .ek lshd mska lshkak' woska miq ug Tn jeks Y%djlfhla ke;s fjhs'˜
l< uekje hs mskg osß .kaj;s' ;j;a jrl wyig —uu tfia lrkafkñ iajdóks"˜ hs mejiQ fud.a.,a,dk
h;s' tyso ksrd ÿla ú¢k i;a;ajhka f.ka Tn fï ÿla uy ry;ka jykafia wyig keÕS m%d;syd¾hh olajd
ú¢kakg l< mdm l¾uh l=ula oehs wid oek f.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag f.!rj fldg Ou_ foaYkhla o
th o ukq f,dj ckhdg úia;r lr oS mdmfhka j<ld mj;ajd ld,is,djg u jeä fial'
mskg fhdoj;s' ñksiaiq o ta wid nqoaO m%uqL ix>hdg
,dN i;aldr muqKqj;s' fï uq.,ka f;reka >d;kh újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^137 .d:dj&
lr ,kakg wmg yels jqj fyd;a ish¿ ,dN m%fhdack
wmgu ,nd .; yels fjhs˜ fhd woKafviq wmamÿÜfGiq oKaafvk ÿiai;s oikakx
w[a[;rx Gdkx Åmamx tj ks.ÉP;s
ta weiQ wkH ;S¾:lfhda —losu fhdackdjls˜ hs
talu;slj —fldfydu yß wms uq.,ka ysñ urd ouuq˜ fhd( hfula¦ woKafviq( wysixl jQ ^oKavkhg
hs is;d odhl odhsldjka f.ka uqo,a iïudoï lr fkd ksis jQ&¦ wmamÿÜfGiq( ^lsisfjl=g& oafõI fkd
lyjKq oyila tl;= lr .;a y' uer msßila le|jd lrk"^ry;=ka úIfhys&¦ oKaafvk( o~qjñka¦ ÿiai;s(
ta uqo,a oS —uq.,ka f;rKqfjda ld,is,dfjys fjfi;s' wmrdO yd fødayslï lrhs o ^fyf;u&¦ oikakx(
tys f.dia Wka jykafia urd oukak˜ hs b,a,d isáh oYúO ÿlaL fõokdjka f.ka¦ w[a[;rx Gdkx(
y' ñkSure uerfhda o hym;ehs .súi .;a y' Tjqyq tla;rd fõokdjlg¦ Åmamx tj( jydu¦ ks.ÉP;s(
ld,is,d m%foaYhg f.dia uq.,ka f;rekaf.a l=áh meñfKkafkah'
jg,d .;a y'
hïlsis ;eke;af;la wkqkag ysßyer fkd lrk ÿIag
ish l=áh ñkSurejka úiska jg l< nj oek.;a .;s ke;s whl=g ysßyer lrhs kï Tyqg úmdl
uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia iDoaê n,fhka h;=re oyhlska tla;rd o~qjula w;ajkafka h'
isÿfrka kslau osú .,jd .;a y' f;reka kqÿgq uerfhda
B<Õ oskfha o wjq;a l=áh jg l< y' tosk o f;reka
jykafia leKs u`v,ska kslau osú /l .;a y' fufia
udi folla ;siafiau uerhka f.a jEhu wid¾:l úh'
tfy;a Tjqyq ;=ka jk udifha o f;reka w,a,d .kakd
wêIaGdkfhkau l%shd l< y'

;uka jykafia mQ¾j ckauhl l< wl=i,hl úmdl

jYfhka fufia ñkSurejka ;uka miq mi tk nj o;a
f;reka jykafia .e,ùfï W;aidyh w; yßkakg
;SrKh l< y' wka;sfï f;reka w,a,d .ekSSug iu;a
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 23
 ksfodia W;=ukg wjev lrk ;eke;a;d fï f,dje fï oi jeoereï úm;a lreKska tllg meñfKa¡

138¡ fjokx Mreix cdksx weÕ m;g fõokd - Ok ydks we;s fjñka
iÍriai p fNokx ,efnhs w; mh lefvhs - fõokd ,en foñka
.relx jdms wdndOx Nhdkl f,v frda. - yefohs ÿla oS fkdñka
Ñ;a;lafLmx j mdmqfk ^10(10& l,amkd wjq,a fjhs - is; úl,a ù f.diska

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ÿkafkd;a jo ry;=ka yg - oeä ÿla fjhs Wyq,kakg
10 ^7& uq.,ka uy f;r j; ^137 isg 140 olajd .d:d&

uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia msßksjka mE jydu

—uerfhda uq.,ka f;reka >d;kh l< y˜hk mqj;
Wjukd kE'˜ tfy;a Tyq os.ska os.g u tmd lSj;a
n,fhka fuka foudmsfhda Tyqg ;reK ,|la újdy
rg mqrdu me;sr .sfha h' ñkSurejka w,a,d .ekSu lr ÿka y' tfy;a weh foudmshkag .re lr f.k
msKsi wcdi;a rc f;u pr mqreIhka fhoeù h' uer isáfha b;d ál l,la muKs' wehg fï uy¿ hqj, f.a
msßi oskla iqrdmdkh lrñka wjkayf,l l,a hjk o¾Ykh mjd wñysß jQfha h' —Tfí foudmshka iuÕ
w;r tla uerhl= f.a iqrd ú; ;fjll= f.a w; jeoS fï f.or tlg jikakg uu wleue;af;ñ˜ hs ´
bysßKs' l=ms; jQ uerhd —;lalähdæ uf.a rd lÜg ks;r lshkakg jQjdh' tfy;a ieñhd ta .Kklg fkd
bysfrõjd˜ hs Tyqg neK jeosK' ta wid wfkldo .kakd fyhska ´ f.a yeu ;eku fiï fidgq" fl<"
lsmS —WU ;uhs ;lalä ñkS urejd' WU ;uhs uq.,ka ysifla jeks fia fmfkkakg hï hï foa úiqrejñka
yduqÿrejkag uq,ska u .eyqfõ˜ hs neK jeÿfKa h' pr nvq uqÜgq tys fuys úiqrejñka ujqmshka f.a jeros nj
mqreIhka jyd rc;=udg okajd Tjqka w;a wvx.=jg lshñka b;d wm%ikak ;;aFjhla ksjfiys we;s l<d
f.k iïmQK_ f;dr;=re wid oek .;af;a h' —ljqo h' wka;sfï ;reKhd o weh f.a nia ms<sf.k ;u
kqU,dg uq.,ka ysñ urkak uqo,a f.õfõ@˜ hs rc;=ud foudmshka flf¾ l<lsrefKa h'
m%Yak l< úg ;S¾:lhka nj Tjqyq fy<s l< y'
—ÿla fkdjkak' uu blauKska u Tjqka f.ka fíreula
;S¾:lhka f.a my;a l=uka;%Kh .ek weiSfuka n,j;a lr .kakï˜ hs mejiQ fya foudmshka wu;d —wïfï"
ixfõ.hg yd fldamhg m;a rc f;u Tjqka w;a ;d;af;a" Tng yqÕla kEoEhska bkakjd fka o@ yqÕla
wvx.=jg f.k uerhka o iuÕ tlg bK uÜgug ìu ldf,lska ta wh n,kakg .sfha;a keye fka o@˜ hs
j<,d msÿre j,ska jid .sks ;nd uerù h' Tjqka ñh mjid Tjqka kEoE f.j,aj, f.k hk jHdcfhka
.sh nj o;a úg wcdi;a rc f;u hlv kÕ=f,ka iS id lr;a;hlg kxjd .;af;a h'
isrere jkid oeïfï h'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^138 .d:dj&
uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafiag w;a jQ fYdal ckl
brKu .ek NsËQka jykafia oï iNdfjys l;sld l< Mreix fjokx cdksx iÍriai fNokx jd wms
y' Wka jykafia,d f.a woyi jQfha uq.,ka ysñhka .relx wdndOx jd Ñ;a;lafLmx jd mdmqfk
f.a fY%aIaGFjfha ;rug Wka jykafiag ,enqKq urKh
lsisfia;a fkd .e,fmk njh' tjka W;a;uhl= ñh Mreix( r¿ jQ¦ fjokx(^Ydßßl&fõokdjlg¦
hd hq;af;a óg jvd W;=ï f.!rjdkaú; ú,difhka cdksx( Ok ydkshg¦ iÍriai fNokx jd( YÍrdx.
fkd fõ o@ Wka jykafia,d f.a idlÉPdj meje;afjk leã ì`oS hdug fyda¦ wms( tfukau¦ .relx wdndOx
w;f¾ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tys jevu l< y' jd( nrm;, f,v frda.hlg fyda¦ Ñ;a;lafLmx jd(
udkisl jHdl+, Ndjh fyda¦ mdmqfk( meñfKkafkah'
—uyfKks" fud.a.,a,dk fï wd;aufhys m;ajQ úYsIag
;;ajhg ta ñh .sh ú,dih fkd .e,fmk nj ienEh' Wiq,kakg wmyiq fõokd" Ok ydksh" w;mh leãu"
tfy;a Wka jykafia bl=;a Njfhl l< uyd wl=i,fha nrm;, f,v frda. fyda udkisl jHdl+, Ndjh hk
;;ajhg .e,fmkafka h˜hs Wkajykafia jod< y' úmdl Tyqg ,efnkakg mq¿jk'
ta weiQ NsËQyq —tfy;a iajdóks" fufia ñh hkakg
uq.,ka f;reka ta w;S; Njhl l< wl=i, lu_fhys
f;dr;=re wms fkd oksuq' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia th wmg
meyeos,s lr fokafka kï fhfyls'˜ hs wdrdOkh lr
isáhy' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia th fy<s fldg jod< y'

fmr tla hi biqfrka wdVH jQ mjq,l ;reK mq;%fhla

;u foudmshkag ish;ska u Wmia:dk lrñka f.or
yeu lghq;a;la u ;ud u lrñka b;d hym;a
Ôú;hla .; lf<a h' oskla Tyq f.a foudmsfhda Tyq
wu;d —mq;=ks" fï f.or yeu jevu ;kshu lsÍfuka
Tn Wjukdjg jvd uykais fjkjd' fï fiaru mq;dg
;kshu lrkak nE' wms mq;dg újdyhla lr fokakï˜
hs mejiQ y' tfy;a Bg wleue;s jQ mq;%hd —wïu;a"
;d;a;;a Ôj;=ka w;r bkak ;=re ug fï fiaru lrkak
mq`Mjka' Tn ug újdyhla lsÍu .ek ys;kakj;a
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 25
 keKj;d lduhkays iem ke;s nj yd fndfyda ÿla we;s nj oek.kS'

139¡ rdcf;d jd Wmiai.a.x rcjreka Woyiaj - fkdfhla ysßyer taú

wíNlaLdkx j odreKx fpdaokd j,g nr - uqyqK fokakg fõú
mßlaLhx j [d;skx kE msßi álska ál - ÿßka ÿrgu hdú
fyd.dkx j mNx.=rx ^10(11& jia;= iïm;a yeu;a - álska ál osh fõú'

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W;=ukayg jo ysßyer - l<fyd;a isÿ fõh kmqr
10 ^7& uq.,ka uy f;r j; ^.d:d 137 isg 140 olajd&

u y jk ueooS fya ud mshka wu;d —m,a fydre

.ejfik m,d;lhs oeka wms hkafka' ta ksid uu
lr;af;ka neye,d álla fidaosis lrkakï' fï f;daka
újrKh

uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia( fï .d:d y;ru foaYkd lr we;af;a

uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia f.a mßksj_dKh isÿ jQ wdldrh uq,a
,Kqj w;g .kak' f.dkakq mdr okakjd' b| ysg,d lr .ksñks' uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia iïm%odfhys y÷kajkq
fmdâvla weÕg mhska fmdä ;Ügqjla l<d u we;s˜hs ,nka fka ju;a iõjka jykafia jYfhks' ^ol=K;a iõ jQfha
mjid lr;a;fhka nei jkfha u|la we;g f.dia y`v idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia h'& idßmq;a; - fud.a.,a,dk
fjkia lr lE.iñka fydre lKavdhula lr;a;h foku fmr ckau rdYshl mgka tlg u fndaê iïNdr mqrd f.k
fj; <x jk ú,dihla oelaù h' ud-msh fom< u wjq;a fï ckaufhys oS tlu oskfhys Wmka nj i|yka fjhs' fuh
ñ;%Fjfhys .eUqre nj oelaùu i`oyd f,dj we;s merKs;u ksoiqka
fk;a w| fyhska lsisjla fkd ols;s' fydreka ;uka jg j,ska tlls'
l<dhhs is;+ Tjqyq —mqf;a" wms kï ysáh;a tlhs u<;a
tlhs' wms oeka jhil ñksiaiqfka' mq;d mK fírd uq.,ka uy f;reka jykafia nqoaO Y%djlhka w;r iDoaêu;=kag
f.k ÿjkak' mK fírd .kak mqf;a˜ hs lshkakg jQ w.% jQ nj m%ldY lr ;sfí' iDoaê m%d;syd¾h mEu úIfhys oË;d
y' tfy;a fydreka meñKs nj yeÕjQ mq;%hd f,dl= ;snqKq tla kkafodamkkao kï kd. rdcfhla nqÿ rÿkag yd uyd
Y%djlhka jykafia,dg ;¾ckh l< wjia:dfjys Tyq oukh
fmd,a,la f.k ;u foudmshka ;<d urd oeïfï h' lsÍug fndfyda Y%djlhka jykafia fmruqK .;a y' tfy;a ta lsis
u< isrere jkfha úis lr oud fya f.or .sfha h' u ysñkulg bv kqÿka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta i|yd fud.a.,a,dk
ysñhkg muKla bv ÿka y' wka;sfï kd. rdchd oukh jQ w;r
uy uq.,ka f;reka mQj_d;auNdjfhl fufia ;reK uq.,ka ysñhka f.a lS¾;sh oi; me;sr .sfha h' uyd chux.,
.d:djkays wg jekafkka lS¾;kh lrkq ,nkafka tu chhs' uq.,ka
ieñhl= f,i ìß| f.a jpk j,ska wkaOj" wkaO
uy ry;ka jykafiag ;u iDoaê n,fhka mfhys uymgeÕs,af,ka
foudmshka ;,d urd oeuQ wl=Y,h úia;r l< Yl%hd f.a úudkh lïmkh lsÍug fyda wmdfhys ixpdrhl
nqÿrcdKka jykafia —uyfKks" fun÷ lDDr;r fhoSug jqj o yels úh'
my;a l%shdjla lsÍfuka /ia jQ wl=i,h fya;=fjka
fud.a.,a,dk jir wixL m%udKhla wmd.;j ÿla ú| foõ f,djg yd wmdhg .uka ìuka lsÍfïos f;dr;=re yqjudre
lghq;= o Wkajykafia w;ska isÿ jQ nj fmfkhs' ñys l; u;
ta;a mõ f.ù ksu fkd jQfhka wd;au ishhla u fufia
jikakjqkg wmd.; jQjka l< mdm lu_ .ek;a" foõ f,dj jdiSka
uerhka úiska weg lgq l=vq lrkq ,en ñh mrf,dj l=i, úmdl wkqNj lrk wldrh .ek;a f;dr;=re f.k wdfõ
.sfha h' tfyhska fud.a.,a,dk ñh .sh ú,dih Tyq Wkajykafia h' fï ldhH_h ksid nqÿ iiqfkys f.!rjh j¾Okh jQ
f.a iïNdjkSh Ydiksl ;;aFjhg wkqrEm fkd jqK o kuq;a ;S¾:lhkg w,dN isÿ úh'
Tyq f.a lu_fhys ;;aFjhg wkqrEm jQfhahe˜hs foaYkd
uq.,ka ysñhka f.a Ôú; l:dj wmg wdo¾Y imhk w;r u
l< y'
wk;=re we`.ùï o lrhs' iDoaê m%d;syd¾hh mEfï Yla;sh w;ska
w;sYh W;alDIag uÜgfï isá uy ry;ka jykafia kulg jqj o
uq.,ka ysñhka ;<d fm<d urd oeófï ldhH_h Ndr.;a l¾ufha wfhdauh yia;fhka .e,ù .kakg neß jQ wdldrh thska
uerjrhka .ek lreKq oelajQ Wka jykafia ;ukag ukdj ksrEms; h' wE; w;S; Njhl mS;D >d;k yd ud;D >d;k
jrola fkd l< whg ysßyer lrkakyq ú¢k nrm;, hk mdm l¾uhka Wkajykafia úiska lr ;snqfKa w;sYh cq.=maid
ckl wkaoñks' wd;au úYd, ixLHdjla krldosfhys meiSfuka
o~qjï úia;r jk mßos fï .d:d p;=Ialh
mjd mdmh f.ù ksu ù fkd ;sìKs' flfia jQj o idudkH O¾u;dj
jod< fial' jkafka w.% Y%djl foku Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fmr msßksjka mEu
nj lsh;s' mßksj_dK m%dma; w.% Y%djlhka jykafia,d f.a .=K
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^139 .d:dj& l:kh Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska u lrkq ,eîu O¾u;djls'

rdcf;d Wmiai.a.x jd odreKx wíNlaLdkx jd B,Õ msgqj yd nef|a

[d;skx mßlaLhx jd fNd.dkx mNx.=rx jd

rdcf;d( rcqka f.ka ^jk&¦ Wmiai.a.x jd( Wjÿrlg

fyda¦ odreKx( oreKq¦ wíNlaLdkx jd( fpdaokdjkag
,laùu fyda¦ [d;Skx( kEhka f.a¦ mßlLhx jd(
CIh ùug fyda¦ fNd.dkx( fNda.hka f.a¦ mNx.=rx(
úkdYhg fyda¦ ^meñfKkafka h¡&

rcjreka f.ka ysßyer ùu" oreKq fpdaokd j,g ,la

jkakg ùu" kEoE msßi wvq ùu fyda fNda. iïm;a
úkdY ùu isÿúh yel'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 27

 ksfodia W;=ukg wjev lrk ;eke;a;d fï f,dje fï oi jeoereï úm;a lreKska tllg meñfKa¡

140¡ w:jZiai w.drdks oefjhs .sks f.k Tyq f.a - f.j,a fodrj,a yeu;a
w.a.s vy;s mdjfld keÕS .sks oe,a Wvg - oeù hhs foam,;a
ldhiai fNod ÿmam[af[d wuk oo ;eke;a;d - lh ì£ urK m;a
ksrhx fidZmmcÊ;s ^10(12& ÿla ú¢hs bmos,d - ksh;fhka wmdfh;a

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lf<da;ska mdmh - wmd ÿl uh Wreuh
10 ^7& uq.,ka uy f;r j; ^.d:d 137 isg 140 olajd&

újrKh nqÿrÿka fj; wjq;a meúosj m%d¾:kd mßos w.ijq ;k;=re ,o y'
fmr msgqj yd nef|a miaj. uyKqka" hi f;reka" Nøj¾.sh f;rjreka" ;=ka nE
ldYHmhka isáh oS nqÿrÿka ießhq;a" uq.,ka foku w.ijq ;k;=re
uq.,ka uy f;reka jykafia meúoaog fmr y÷kajk ,oafoa j,g m;a lr .ekSu .ek we;eï NsËQka fkdukdmlï m< l<
flda,s; kñks' flda,s; .sys wjosfhys oS b;d l=¿m.j weiqre fyhska fï w;S; l;dj meyeos,s lrkakg nqÿ rÿkag isÿúh'
lf<a Wm;siai kï ;ud n`ÿu mska fïrE kqjKe;s ;reKfhls'
fï fofokd iir b;d os.= lf,l mgka w;sYh l=¿m. ñ;%fhda oikakx w[a[;rx Gdkx( fï .d:d y;ßka wysxilhkg ysßyer
jQy' f,dj wjHdc iafkayd¾ø ñ;%Fjh ms<sn`oj fu;rï ruH jQ lrk whg isÿjk úmdl oyhla olajd we;' tkï"
kso¾Ykhla ;j;a is;sh fkd yel' Tjqyq tlg fmreï oï mqrñka
iir ießird wm nqÿka iufhys o tla u reÑ - wreÑlï we;sj 1' Wiq,kakg neß oreKq fõokd we;s ùu
bmso tlg u meúosj ry;aj msßksjka mEy' f,!lsl wruqKq 2' ñ, uqo,a kdia;s ù hdu
úIfhys muKla fkdj wdOHd;añl wruqKq úIfhys o iudk 3' w;mh weglgq wdosh leã ì`oS hdu
udkislFjhka we;sj isá fï fofokd tlaj u i;H .fõIKh lr 4' oreKq frda. we;s ùu
tlaj u th wjfndaO lr .;a y' 5' Wu;= ùu
6' rdc Woyi
fï fofokd jykafia fufia w.ijq ;k;=re ,nkakg m%d¾:kd 7' fndre fpdaokd j,g ,la ùu
lf<a wfkdauoiais kï nqÿ rcdKka jykafia iufhys h' tiufhys 8' kEoEhska ke;s ù hdu
uq.,ka f;reka Wmkafka isßjâVk kñks' ießhq;a yssñfhda iro 9' jia;= ydksh
kï jQ y' isßjâVk f.dú uyi,a l=,fhys o iro nuqKq uyi,a 10' f.j,a .sks .ekSu hk fïjd hs '
l=,fhys o bmso isáh y' t iufhys o fï fofokd b;d oeä
ñ;%;aFjfhka ne`oS isáh y' oskla Ôú;h yd urKh .ek .eUqßka újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^140 .d:dj&
úuiQ iro ;reKhd ta ms<sn`oj l<lsÍ meúos jkakg ;SrKh lf<a
h' ;uka ;ksj uyK jkjdg jvd ñ;=rd o leáj meúos jkq ßis jQ
fyf;u isßjâVk fidhd f.dia —ñ;%h" uu meúos jkq" leue;a;ñ' w: bj wiai w.drdks mdjfld w.a.s vy;s fid
Tn;a ud yd tlajkq leu;s oe˜ hs úuiS h' ÿmam[af[da ldhiai fNod ksrhx WmamÊc;s'

tfy;a Tyq thg leu;s fkdjQ fyhska fyf;u ;ksj u meúos úh' w: bj( ke; fyd;a¦ wiai( Tyq f.a¦ w.drdks(
t;=ud meúos jQ mqj; wid ;j;a úYd, ;reK mssßila .sys iqj yer
mshd meúos jQy' ljqre;a Ndjkd jvd m[apdNs{d wIag iudm;a;s
f.j,a¦ mdjfld w.a.s( mdjl kï jQ .skak¦ vy;s(
Wmojd .;a y' fu iufhys wfkdauoiais nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ojhs¦ fid ÿmam[af[d( ta w{dk f;u¦ ldhiai
WoEik uyd lreKdfjka f,da n,k fiala iro ;jqidKka yuqj fNod( lh ì`oS .sh miq ^urKska miq&¦ ksrhx(
oyï foiqj fyd;a Tyq u;= w.ijq flfkl=ka jkakg m;d .kakd wmdfhys¦ WmamÊc;s( Wmoshs'
nj;a Tyq f.a ñ;=rd o w.ijq ;k;=re m;kakg fm<fUk nj;a
is;d f.k iDoaê n,fhka tys jevu l< fial' nqÿrÿka wyiska
jevu lrkq ÿgqq iro ;jqid fmr .uka fldg miÕ msysgqjd je|
ke; fyd;a Tyq f.a f.j,a .sks .kshs' ta wkqjK f;u
ms<sf.k wiqkla mKjd jevys|ùh' in%yaupdÍka f.kd M,dZm, ^fï oi úO Wjÿfrka tlla ,nd& wk;=rej wmdfhys
nqÿrÿkag ms<s.ekajQ Tyq ;u Y%djlhka iu`. tl;a mfil Wmoshs'
yqka w;r;=r —uf.a w.ijq foku msßjr ix>hd o legqj fuys
meñfK;ajd˜ hs wfkdauoiais nqÿrcdKka jykafia wêIaGdk l< y'
Wkajykafia,d o wyiska tys jevu l< y'

fï ish¿ msßig iro ;jqid ;u msßjr ;jqika f.a Woõ we;sj

uyd u,a mQcdjla l< miq nqÿyq u,a mQcdfõ wkqyia jodrkakehs
ol=K;a ijq ysñhkg werhqï l< y' ta Ou_ foaYkdj wid isá iro
ysñfhda ;ud;a nqÿ flfkl=ka f.a ol=K;a iõ úh hq;=hhs is;d
.;a y' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o osjeiska n,d jodrd —u;= isoaOd¾:
f.!;u kï nqÿka oji Tn ol=K;a iõ fj;e˜ hs m%ldY l< y'
ta weiQ iro ;jqid isßjâVk fl<ôhdfkda fidhd f.dia ;uka
l< mskalu yd w.ijq moú me;Su .ek lshd isá fyhska fyf;u
;u ksjfiys nqoaO m%uqL ix>hdg okg werhqï lf<a h' isßjâVk
fl;rï meyeÿKd o h;a i;shla u uy oka mj;ajd nqÿrÿka wu;d
—iajdóks" uf.a ñ;% iro ;jqidKka isoaOd¾: f.!;u nqÿka f.a
ol=K;a ijq jk od uu ju;a ijq jkakg m%d¾:kd lrñ˜ hs mejiS
h'

wfkdauoiais nqÿrcdKka jykafia o Tn f.a m%d¾:kh tfia u bgq

fj;s hs wkdjels m< l< fial' j;auka Njfhys uq.,ka f;reka
jykafia idßmq;a; f;reka iu. ju;a ijq moúh ,oafoa fï
m%d¾:kh iuDoaO ùu fya;=fjks' fofokdu ixch mßn%dclhd ,Õ
Ou_h yodrd th ksIaM, nj oek i;H .fõIKfhys fhfoñka isá
w;r idßmq;a; ysñhka yd wiaið ysñhka f.ka ,o oyu wkqj

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 29

 iel ÿre fkdl< ;eke;a;d ú,s fkd jid yeisÍï wE lsis f,ilska msßisÿ fkd fõ¡

141¡ k k.a.pßhd k cgd k mÙld ksrej;a ;dmi ms<sfj;a - cgd u~q¿ uv kEu;a
kdkdild :Kaä,idhsld jd fkd ld fkd î Wmjdih
rfcd p c,a,x Wlal=álmamOdkx we;sß,s ke;s ìu ksÿu;a
fidfOka;s uÉpx wú;sKaKlÙLx ^10(13& l=Kq ¥ú,s weÕ kd f.k
Wlal=áflka ys| .ekqu;a
ljqre l<;a" ke; ksjKla
iel ixld ÿre fkd lf<d;a

30 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ksire ms<sfj;a - iemla fkd f.fk;a
10 ^8& nyqNdKäl f;reka f.a jia;=j ^141 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyfrys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

tla;rd nyqNdKaäl NsËq kula wrnhd fï
k.a.pßhd( ksrej;aj isàu¦ cgd( cgd u`vq`M we;slr
.ekSu¦ mÙld( uv ;jrd .ekSu¦ wdkdild( lEu
.d:dj jod< fial' îu fkd f.k isàu¦ :Kaä, idhsld( ìu ksoSu¦
rfcdc,a,x( wef`.ys l=Kq ¥ú,s nef`okakg bv oSu¦
ieje;a kqjr tla Okj;a ;eke;af;la ;u ìß| ñh jd( fyda¦ Wlal=álmamOdkx( weK ;shd f.k ;jqia
.sh miq meúos jkakg is;S h' meúos jkakg fmr fya oï msÍu¦ wú;sKaKlÙLx( tf;r fkd jQ fyj;a
;ukaag jdih lsÍu msKsi wdrduhla boslr .;af;a h' iel ÿre fkd l<¦ uÉpx( i;ajhd¦ k fidfOka;s(
tys l=iaishla" .nvd ldurhla wdoS .Dydx. iïmQ¾Kj msßisÿ fkd lrhs'
;snqKq w;r we|" mqgq" fïi wdoS .Dy NdKav ish,a,
o iïmdokh lrk ,oS' wjYH ;rï iy,a" .sf;,a" ksrej;aj isàu" ysiafla fkd mSrd cgd u~q`M jkakg
fj~re" wdoS wdydr øjH o .nvd lr .;a fyf;u yeÍu" YÍrh mqrd uv ;jrd .ekSu" wdydr mdk fkd
meúos jQ miq o ;ukag reÑ j¾. j, wdydr mdk ;u f.k Wmjdi lsÍu" ìu ksod .ekSu" wef`. ys l=Kq
fiajlhd ,jd iQodkï lr .;af;a h' meúos jQ miq o ¥ú,s nef`okakg yßñka fkd kd isàu" Wlal=gqlfhka
fya ukd iem iïm;ska wdVHj iqjfia úiS h' fndfyda ys|f.k ;jqia oï /lSu hk fï tllska j;a iel
nvq NdKav we;sj jdih l< fyhska Wkajykafia ÿre fkd l< ;eke;a;dg úY=oaêh fkd ,efí'
nyqNdKaäl f;reka jykafia hs m;< jQy'
újrKh
oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj; fï NsËqj le|jdf.k
.sh NsËQyq Tyq meúos jk úg f.k wd nvq NdKav k.a.pßhd( fyj;a ksrej;ska yeisÍu jeks fï .d:dfõ olajk ,o
;jqia oï l%u nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;h mqrd me;sr mej;sK' fï ish`M
iuQyh .ek o .; lrk iqfLdamfNda.S Ôú;h .ek ;jqia l%u mokï jQfha YÍrhg ljr l%ufhka fyda ÿla fõokd
o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag úia;r l< y' Nd.Hj;=ka meñK ùu uÕska úuqla;sh ,o yels nj u;h' ^ÿlafLk iqLx
jykafia nyqNdKaäl f;reka wu;d —uyK" wê.ka;ínx& fuh w;a;ls,u:dkq fhda.hg iïnkaO h'
w,afmÉP;dj jK_kd lrñka ud Ou_ foaYkd lr;aoS;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia lduiqL,a,sldkq fhda.h fukau fuu
Tn nyqNdKaäl jkakg fya;=j l=ulaoe˜ hs úpd< y' w;a;ls,u:dkq fhda.h o m%;sfËm l< y' nqoaO Y%djlhka wkq.
ukh lrkafka uOHu m%;smodj h' th wka;jdohka f.a ñY%Khla
nqÿrÿka jodf<a ta iq¿ tla u jelsh jqjo bka fldamhg fkdj wka;jdo m%;sfËm lsÍfuka u;=jk ksrjoH m%;smodj h'
m;a NsËq ku Wvq isjqr .<jd mfilg oud w|kh th wkq.ukh lrk fn!oaO NsËQyq wmsßisÿlu" lhg jO oSu
muKla b;sß lr f.k —we;a;uhs nqÿrcdKka jykai" wdosh fjkqjg ir," w,afmaÉc" mú;% Ôú; .; lr;s' ndysr j;a
tfia kï" uu fufyu bkako@˜ hs úpd< y' Tyq f.a ta ms<sfj;a uÕska wOHd;añl mdßY=oaêh ,o fkdyels nj nqÿiuh
ú<sìh ke;s yeisÍu ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia" W.kajhs'
—uyK" fmr wd;auNdjhl Tn osh rl=il=j bmso
mjd fodf<dia wjqreoaola ysß T;ma /lf.k úiS h'
oeka fï nqÿ iiafkys meúosj isg f.k isõ msßia ueo
isjqre .,jd oukakg ;rï ú<s ìh yf<a ljr fyhska
oehs m%Yak l< y' ta jpk weiSfuka ;u fnd<`o
l%shdfjys ;ru jgyd .;a nyqNdKaäl NsËqj isjqr
f.k fmdrjd .re ire we;sj mfilg ù ys| .;af;a
h' fmr w;anjl Tyq osh rl=iqj isg ú<s ìh .re
l< wdldrh oek .kakg leu;s jQ NsËQyq ta ms<sn`oj
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.ka úuiQ y' túg Wkajykafia
foajO¾u cd;lh foaYkd lr jod< y' wk;=rej
Wkajykafia ksrej; we;=¿ úúO ndysr iajrEm ljr
osúfm; jqjo is; iel ÿre fkd lf<d;a ksjka iqj
fkd ,nk nj meyeos,s lrñka .d:d Ou_hla o jod<
fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^141 .d:dj&

k.a.pßhd k fidfOka;s cgd k fidfOka;s mÙld

k fidfOka;s wkdild k fidfOka;s :Kaä,idhsld
jd k fidfOka;s rfcdc,a,x p Wlal=álmamOdkx
wú;sKaKlÙLx uÉpx k fidfOka;s
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 31
 we`ÿï me<`ÿï j,ska ieriqK;a ikaiqka .;s yd fu;a is;e;sje fjfia kï fya W;=ï mq`.=f,ls¡

142¡ w,Ùlf;d fpZms iux pfrhH w,xldrhg wekao;a - iunr osúhla f.jkak
ikaf;d okaf;d kshf;d n%yaupdÍ mej;=ï iñ;j oñ;j
iífniq N+f;iq ksOdh oKavx os.g u nUir rlskak
fid n%dyaufKd fid iufKd i NsCLq ^10(14& lsisu i;l= fkd urkq jia
wú wdhqO ìu ;nkak - tfia lf<d;a uyK
nuqKq NsËq flfkla fjhs is;kak

32 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 yev jev we÷fuk - fkd ueflhs hy.=K
10 ^9& ika;;s weu;s ;=ud f.a l;dj ^142 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ika;;s wud;Hhd ksñ;s fldg fï
l< mska lï lshd msßksjka mEu fhda.Hhe˜hs jod<
y' weu;s ;=ud o tfia fldg f;afcda lisKhg iu
.d:dj jod< fial' je§ msßksjka mEfõ h' isrefrys f,a ui oeù h;aos
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsËQka jykafia ,jd iqÿ fros
ika;;s weu;s ;=udg jrla m%;Hka; m%foaYhl lvla f.kajd weu;s ;=ud f.a Od;= tys m;s; jkakg
le/,a,la u¾okh lsÍug isÿ úh' Tyq ta ldhH_h ie,eiaù h'
id¾:lj ksujd meñKs úg mfiakoS fldfid,a rc
f;u n,j;a m%S;shg m;aj fndfyda ;E.s fnda. hi —weu;s;=ud msßksjka mEfõ ij_dyrKfhka u ieriS
biqre Ok iïm;a oS yr ir olajd Tyq i;a oskla isáñks' tfyhska Tyq Y%uKfhla o" n%dyauKfhla
úfkdaodiajdofhka ;nkakehs Wmfoia oS kdáldx. o@˜ hs /iaj isá NsËQka úuiQfhka —udf.a mq;%hdg
kdjla o heù h' i;ajk osk rdc yia;shd u; keÕ=Kq Y%uKhl== lSj;a" n%dyauKhl= lSj;a jrola ke;˜ hs
weu;s ;=ud iakdkh lsÍu msKsi .x f;rg hñka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ms<sjoka ÿka y'
isáfha h' ta wjia:dfõ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wk| uyd
f;reka o legqj uÕ jevu lrkq ÿgq wud;Hjrhd újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^142 .d:dj&
iqrd mdkh fldg yqka fyhska we;= msáka fkd nei
we;= msgu ys| kuialdr fldg ysi i<d .sfha h' túg w,Ùlf;d wms fp ikaf;d okaf;d kshf;d n%yaupdÍ
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iskd my< l< y' —Nd.Hj;=ka iífíiq N+f;iq oKavx ksOdh iux pfrhH fid
jykai" iskd my< lf<a ljr fyhska o@˜ hss wk| n%dyaufKd fid iufKd i NsCLq
ysñhka úpd< úg —wdkkao" weu;s;=ud wou ud
olskakg meñfKkq we;' ud lrk flá foiqula wid w,Ùlf;d wms( m%shxlr f,i ye| me<e| .;af;a
ry;a jkafka h' ry;a ù jeä fj,d hkakg fmr jqj o¦ fp( boska" ikaf;d( Ydka; jQfha¦ okaf;d(
msßksjka mdkafka h' tfyhska iskd my< lf<ñ˜ hs b÷rka oukh lr .;af;a¦ kshf;d( taldka; wruqKq
jod< y' we;sj¦ n%yaupdÍ( nUir yeisfrñka¦ iífíiq
N+f;iq( ish¿ iFjhka flfrys¦ oKavx ksOdh(
weu;s ;=ud o .x bjqrg f.dia ;j;a iqrd mdkh lr" wú wdhqO w; yer oud¦ iux pfrhH( iunr
meka myiqj uq¿ oskhu lñka" fndñka" kgñka" .S f,i Ôj;ajkafka o¦ fid( fyf;u¦ n%dyaufKd(
.hñka .; lf<a h' yjia jk úg weu;s ;=ud kej; n%dyauKfhla¦ fid( fyf;u¦ iufKd( Y%uKfhls¦ i(
o iqrd mdkh lr kdáldx.kdj iu`. úfkdao jkq jia fyf;u¦ NsCLq( NsËqjls'
Whkg .sfha h' ks<sh o weu;s ;=ud úfkdaoj;a lrkq
msKsi b;d pu;aldr ckl rx.khla bosßm;a l<d mshlre f,i ye| me<| .;af;a jqj o hfula Ydka;j
h' tfy;a rÕk w;ru yDohdndOhla je<÷kq ´ ueÍ odka;j taldka; hym;a wruqKq we;sj n%yauph¾hdj
jegqKd h' weh f.a mK k, isreßka bj;aj f.dia yeisfrhs kï" lsisu i;a;ajfhl=g ysßyer fkd
nj oek.;a fudfydf;a mgka oeä ixfõ.hg m;a lrhs kï iunr Ôú;hla .; lrhs kï fyf;u
weu;s ;=ud Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia neye oelSug l,amkd Y%uKfhls" n%dyauKfhls" NsËqjls'
fldg tys f.dia —Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" ug msysg jqj
uekeú' ug uy;a fYdalhla we;s úh' Tn jykafia újrKh
f.a msysg m;d wdfõ tfyhsks˜ hs' mjid ks<sh ñh .sh
n%yauphH_dj( hkak fndfyda úg fhfokafka meúosj .; lrk Ôú;
ÿlaLckl wdldrh .ek ie< lf<a h' —weu;sjrh" rgdjg h' fmdfyda osk is,a iudoka jk .sys Wmdil Wmdisldfjda o
ÿla fkdjkak Tn wdfõ iykhla ,n; yels ;eklg n%yauphH_dj rls;s' fuys wruqK ,sx.sl yeisÍï j,ska fjkaj isáu
u h' Th ks<sh f.a urKh .ek iir mqrd Tn ye~Q hs' nUir /lSfuys wruqK ish¿ ird.S is;sú,s uq,skqmqgd oud
l÷¿ ish¿ uy iuqÿr c,hg;a jeä h˜ hs meyeos<s úuqla;sh ,nd .ekSuhs'
lr —ÿl fYdalh we;s jkafka rd.h ksid h' is; ;=<
mj;akd rd.doS flf,ia l=Kq bj;a lr .kak' w¿;ska
flf<ia l=Kq we;s lr fkd .kak' is; msßisÿ lr f.k
Wm Ydka;j jikak˜hs wkqYdikd l< y'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a wkqYdikh wjik ry;a

jQ ika;;s weu;s f;u ;uka f.a wdhq ld,h ksu jQ
nj osjeiska ÿgqfõ h' —iajdóks" udf.a wdhq ld,h
ksu h' oeka uu msßksjka mdkafkñ˜ hs Tyq mejiQ
úg nqÿrcdKka jykafia —tfia kï wyig keÕS Tn
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 33
 ú,sfhka wl=i,a ÿre lrk ;eke;af;la f,dje we;s kï ta iq,n fkd jkafka h¡

143¡ ysÍ ksfifOd mqßfid ,Êcdfjka mjq ÿr,k

fldÑ f,dliañx úÊc;s wh b|ysg f,dj yuqfj;a
fhd kskaox wmamfndO;s fyd| wiq fuka li j,lk
wiafid Nfød lidñj ^10(15& Tyq kskaodjla fkd ,n;a

34 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 we;sj ,Êcd nh - ÿre lr ,kak mdmh
10 ^10& msf,da;sl ;siai f;rekaf.a j; ^143 iy 144 .d:d&

ms f,da;sl ;siai f;reka ksñ;s fldg Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:dj foõrï fjfyroS foaYkd l<
fial'
keye˜ hs Wkajykafia ms<s;=re ÿka y'—ta l;dfõ
f;areu ;siai oeka ry;afj,d lshk tlhs' tal kï
fjkak nE' thd f. fndrejla˜ hs l;sld lr.;a
úydrjdiS ysñjre ta ms<sn|j Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
osrdm;a jerye,s ye| isÕufka .sh ;reKhl= oekqï fokakg ;SrKh l< y' —iajdóks" ;siai ;uka
ÿgq wdkkao uy f;reka f.a is; WKq ù .sfhka ry;a jQ njla wÕjkakg jEhï lrhs' Tyq lshkafka
Wkajykafia Tyq idufKar meúoafoka meúos lrÆ y' fndrejla úh hq;=h˜ hs Tjqyq nqÿka yuqfõ lshd
meúos jk od uqod Æ .sys jerye,s yd isÕuka heos isáh y'
ln, o .ia ì,hl r`ojk ,oS' msßisÿ isjqre ye|
iqjfia j<|ñka isák ;siai idufKarhkg ál l,lska —uyfKks" ;siai NsËqj fndrejla lshkjd fkd fõ'
WodiSk njla oefkkakg úh' kej; ln,;a /f.k th ienEjls' Tyq f.a wdpdhH_jrhd jQ msf,da;slh
isÕufka hkakg wdYdjla o yg .;s' ^jerye,s we÷u& iu. ;snqKq iïnkaOh wjika jQfha
h:dN+;{dk o¾Yk my< ùu;a iu. h' Tyq oeka
tfyhska lvu¨ yd ln, ;snQ ;ekg f.dia th w;g ry;a kula fyhska .=rejrhd f.a wjjdo ;j ÿrg;a
f.k ;ukag u ;uka lrkakg hk fnd<| lfuys wkjYHhZZ hs jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d
;ru jegyS .sfhka —w{dkh" b;d fyd| isjqre ms<s" hq.auh foaYkd l< y'
m%kS; fNdack ,efnk fï myka osúh yer kej;
jerye,s ye| ysÕufka hkakg ;rï Tn wukfhlaoeZZ újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^143 .d:dj&
hs ;ukag u ks.%y lr .;af;a h' ta jerye,s kej;
tys oud wjq;a uyK oï msÍh' h<s;a ál osklska lid Nføda wiafida bj fhd kskaox wmamfndO;s" ysß
meúoao tmd jQ fyhska jerye,s w;g f.k fmr fukau ksfifOd mqßfid f,dliañx fldÑ úÊc;s'
;udg wjjdo lr .;af;a h' fï l%uhg ;ukag meúos
Ôú;h .ek l< lsÍula tk yeu úg u fya tys f.dia lid( li myßka ^je<flk&¦ Nføda wiafida bj(
jerye,s w;g f.k ;ud u wjjdo lr .kshs' W;=ï wfil= fuka¦ fhd( hfula¦ kskaox( kskaodj"
fyj;a wl=Y, Ñ;a;h¦ wmamfndO;s( ish is;ska
ks;r ks;r ;siai f;reka tu .i ,Õg hkafka myflf¾ o¦ ysß ksfifOd mqßfid( ^tn÷ fia&
l=ugoehs in%yaupdÍ ysñjre úuiQ y' —uf.a .=rejrhd ,Êcdfjka mdmh j<ld .kakd mqreIfhda¦ f,dliañx(
f.ka Wmfoia ,nkakg hñ˜ hs hkak ms<s;=r úh' fï f,dalfhys¦ fldÑ( lsisfjla¦ úÊc;s( we;af;a h¦
fufia ks;r olakd osrd .sh jerye,s u Ndjkd ^ÿ¾,N h&
wruqkla lr .;a ;siai idufKarfhda ál osklska
Ndjkd jvd ry;a jQ y' bkamiq .i fj; hdula fkd fyd`o wYajfhda li myrg wleue;af;ka ;u ldhH_h
ùh' —oeka ;siai .=reka olskakg hk .uk lrkafka uekúka lr;s' tfiau f,dj kskaod ú¢kakg wleue;s
keye fkd fõo@˜ hs ys;j;a ysñjreka m%Yak l< úg we;eï mqoa.,fhda mdmhg we;s ,Êcdj ksid hy
—m%fhdackhla ;snqKq ojiaj, .shdg oeka wjYH;djla ufÕys .uka lr;s'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 35

 flf<ia ;jk je/ yd iirg l,lsreï we;sje ms<sfj;a msrefuka iir ÿla ÿ/,sh hq;=¡

144¡ wiafid h:d Nfød lidksúÜfGd fyd| wYajhl= fuka rÕ o;a li myf¾
wd;dmsfkd ixfj.sfkd Njd: ;jñka flf<ia ixfõoS ù iif¾
ioaOdh iSf,k p úßfhk p we;s lr ieoeye is;a" is,a" ùßh mqr,d
iudêkd Oïu úksÉPfhk p jvñka iudosh oel we;s;;= f,dafla
iïmkak úÊcdprKd m;siai;d úÊcdprK iu.ska isys kqjK jvd
myiai: ÿlaLñox wkmamlx ^10(16& jkid ,kak fï ÿla l| ixidf¾

36 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 W;aidyh wejeisfõ h - jkikakg fï ÿla l|
10 ^10& msf,da;sl ;siai f;rekaf.a j; ^143 iy 144 .d:d&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^144 .d:dj& 03& YsIHhl= wdpdhH_ jrhdg

1& wiqfkka keÕS isàfuka 2& Wjgeka lsÍfuka 3& ukdj ijka
oSfuka 4& l=ÿ - uy;a lghq;= lr oSfuka 5& .re ire we;sj
lid ksúÜfGd Nfød wiafid h:d wd;dmsfkd bf.kqfuka ukdj mj;s;s'
ixfj.sfkd Njd: ioaOdh p iSf,ak p úßfhak p
iudêkd Oïu úksÉPfhk p iïmkakúÊcdprK 04& wdpdhH_jre YsIHhka g
m;siai;d wkmamlx box ÿlaLx myiai: 1& ukdj YsËKh lr;s' 2& fyd|u foa lshd fo;s' 3& ish¿ úoHd
- Ydia;% fkd uiqrej W.kaj;s 4& ñ;=rkag yd iïNdjkShhkg
y÷kajd fo;s' 5& wdrËdj i,i;s'
lid( lifhka¦ ksúÜfGd( fufyhkq ,nk¦ Nfød
wiafid( Wiia wYajhd¦ h:d( hïfia o¦ ^tfia&" 05& iajdñmqreIhka ìß|g
wd;dmsfkd( flf<ia ;jk ù¾h we;a;dyq o¦ 1& iïudkkfhka" 2& wkjudkkfhka 3& úYajdih lv fkd
ixfj.sfkd( iir l,lsreï we;a;dyq o¦ Njd:( lsÍfuka 4& wêldrh mjrd oSfuka 5& wdNrK wdosh ,nd oSfuka
ix.%y l< hq;= h'
jkak¦ ioaOdh p( Y%oaOdfjka o¦ iSf,ak p( YS,fhka
o¦ úßfhak p( ù¾hfhka o¦ iudêkd( iudêfhka o¦ 6& ìß|
Oïu úksÉPfhk p( O¾u úksYaph kï jQ úoiqka 1& l=ÿ uy;a lghq;= ilid bgq lsÍfuka 2& wd.ka;=l yd mßck
kqjKska o ^hqla;j&¦ iïmkakúÊcdprK( iïmQ¾K ix.%y lsÍfuka 3& úYajdih lv fkd lsÍfuka 4& Wmhk oE
jQ úoHdfjka yd prKfhka hqla; j¦ m;siai;d( m%fõifuka mßyrKh lsÍfuka 5& w,i fkd ú läirj l%shd
lsÍfuka pdß;% bgq lrhs'
isysfhka hq;=j¦ wkmamlx( wk,am jQ¦ box ÿlaLx( fï
iir ÿl¦ myiai:( ÿre lrõ' ^7&.Dym;shl= ;u ñ;=rkag
1&;E.s fnda. oSfuka 2& ñysß jpk l:d lsÍfuka 3&
lih u.ska yslafuk ^li myr fkd lkq msKsi w¾: isoaêhg l%shd lsÍfuka" 4& iudkd;au;dfjka 5&
fyd¢ka yeisfrk& hym;a wYajhl= fuka flf<ia i;Hjdos;ajfhka ix.%y lrhs'
;eùu l< hq;= h' ixfõoS úh hq;= h' Y%oaOdj" YS,h"
^8& ñ;=frda Tyqg
úhH_h" iudêh yd Ou_ úksYapfhka ^h:d ;;aFj 1& mud jQ úfgl wdrCIdj iemhSfuka 2& foam, /l oSfuka
ksÍËKfhka& hq;=j úoHdj yd prKh m%.=K lr isys 3& ìhm;a jQ úg wdrCIdj ie,iSfuka 4& wk;=f¾ oS w; fkd
kqjKska hq;=j fï wk,am jQ ÿla l`o ÿre l< hq;= h' yeÍfuka 5& ¥ orejkag ldreksl ùfuka m%;s ix.%y lr;s'

újrKh ^9& iajdñhd fiajlhdg

1& Yla;shg wkqj jev mjrhs' 2& wdydr mdk yd jegqma fohs
iS,( iS, hkafkka yslaóu" YsËKh hk wre; fohs' iS,h ish¿ 3& fi!LH myiqlï imhhs' 4& úfYaI foa fnod yod .kshs' 5&
wdOHd;añl l%shdj,Ska ys wdrïNh fjhs' iS, - iudê - m[a[d hk ksis l< úfõl myiqj ,nd fohs'
;%súO YsËd ud¾.fhys os iS,h mßmQ¾K fkd l< fyd;a iudêh
uydksYxi fkd jk nj lshefjhs' tfyhska Ndjkd ud¾.hg m%fõY ^10& fiajlfhda iajdókag
jkakg fmr iS,fhka iukaú; úh hq;= fjhs' iS,h Ydikfhys wdos 1& Tyqg fmr wjos ùfuka 2& Tyqg miqj kskaog hdfuka 3& ÿka
prKh yd m%;sIaGdj jYfhka y÷kajkafka o tfyhsks' tfy;a iS,h foa muKla .ekSfuka 4& iajlSh fiajh ukdj bgq lsÍfuka 5&
hkq udOHhla ñi ksIagdjla fkdjk nj f;areï .; hq;=h' fjk iajdñhd f.a lS¾;sh m;=rejd yeÍfuka lD;fõoS fj;s'
úoshlska lsjfyd;a is,a msrE muKska ish,a, iïmQK_ fkd fõ' iS,h
mqrd is; lh yslaujd .kafka iu: - úo¾Ykd Ndjkd id¾:l ^11& .Dym;shl= Y%uK n%dyauKhkg
lr.kq msKsi h' úuqla;sh idOkh lr .; yelafla túg h' iS,h 1& ffu;%S iy.; ldh l¾ufhka 2& ffu;%S iy.; jdla
fufia úuqla;s ud¾.fha m%:u wx.h jYfhka m%dfhda.sl jákdlula l¾ufhka 3& ffu;%S iy.; ufkda l¾ufhka 4& fodr újD;
we;a;la nj f;areï fkd f.k ;ud iS,h wdrËd lr .;a muKska lsÍfuka 5& fmdaIKh iemhSfuka i;aldr lrhs'
—uu ks¾u, iS,h we;af;ñ' tfyhska ug fjk l< hq;a;la ke;'
fu muKlska u ug úuqla;sh ,o yel˜ jeks fnd<`o l,amkd we;s ^12& Y%uK n%dyauKfhda
jqjfyd;a ;uka ziS,ín; mrdudiZ ;;aFjhg u weo jefgkakg 1& mdmfhka je<lSfuka 2& hymf;ys fhoeùfuka 3& l=¿Kq
yels nj fufkys lr iS,h w;HjYH jqj;a th mqrkafka b;sß is;a we;s lsÍfuka 4& fkd o;a foa lshd oSfuka yd o;a foa jvd;a
YsËdjka i|yd moku ieliSug nj ;rfha jgyd .; hq;=h' iS, meyeos,s lr oSfuka 5& foõ f,djg u. lshd oSfuka ix.%y
uoh uq¿ukskau ÿr ,ñka wk;sudkSj yslañh hq;= h' lr;s'

01& orejl= úiska foudmshkg .Dyia:hd f.a jdß;a; iS,h jkafka m%Odk jYfhka mxp YS,hhs'
1& fmdaIKfhka 2& l=ÿ uy;a lghq;= lr oSfuka 3& l=, jxYh wkHhka f.a Ôú; úkdY lsÍfuka j<lsk fya kqÿka foa .ekSfuka
ia:dmkh lsÍfuka 4& odhdohg fhda.H mßos yeisÍfuka 5& ñh o j<lshs' ldu ñ:Hdpdrfhys fkd fhfohs' iqrdmdkfhka j<lshs'
.sh miq mska oSfuka hq;=lï bgq l< hq;= h' fï úr;Ska u.ska ;u pß;h mú;% lr .kakd fyf;u iudchg o
udkj whs;sjdislï ksremøe; f,i N=la;s ú|Sfï yelshdj iy;sl
02& foudmshka orejkg lrhs' fï uQ,sl mxp YS, YsCIKh w;sf¾lj Wfmdai: oskhka ys
1& mdmfhka je<lSfuka 2& fyd| jefvys ksr; lr ùfuka 3& wIaGdx." wdðjdIagul fyda oY YsCId wdrCId lsÍug .Dyia:hkg
Ys,am b.ekaùfuka 4& ksis l, wdjdy - újdy lr oSfuka 5& yels h'
iqÿiq l, odhdo mjrd oSfuka ix.%y lr;s'

oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 37

 fudkjg lSlre wh ;uka f.a is; ^flf,ia jiÕfhka uqod& yslaujd .ks;a¡

145¡ Wolx ys khka;s fk;a;sld oshd¿fjda osh f.k h;a

Wiqldrd kuhka;s f;ckx yS jvqfjda Bh ku;a
odrex kuhka;s ;ÉPld jvqfjda ,S weoh yß;a
w;a;dkx ouhka;s iqín;d ^10'17& is,aj;a wh ;uka ku;a

38 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 oukh lr .kak ;uka
10 ^11& iqn idufKarhka f.a jia;=j ^145 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

iqn kï idufKarhka jykafia uq,a lr f.k
fhfok úg tn÷ m%d;syd¾h isÿ jkafka h' wo iqn
idufKarfhda oshd¿jka osh f.k hk yeá" B jvqjka
fï.d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial' B o`vq ilik yeá" jvq ld¾ñlhka ,S lmd ueo
ilik yeá n,d isg thska mdvula bf.k ;ud
iqn idufKarhka meúos jQfha y;a yeúßos úfha oS h' Tmj;a lr .;a y' Wka jykafia oj,a odkh je<÷fha
Wkajykafia f.a wdpd¾h jQfha ießhq;a uy ry;ka ry;ka jykafia kula jYfhksZZ hs jod< y'
jykafia h' meúosj wgjk osk ießhq;a uy f;reka
iu`. ms`vq is`.d .sh idufKarhka jykafia l=Uqrlg újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^145 .d:dj&
c,h f.k hk f.dúhka ÿg y' is;a ms;a ke;s osh
;uka ßis mßos ßis ;ekg f.k f.dia jev .kakd fk;a;sld ys Wolx khka;s Wiqldrd f;ckx
whqre is;g .;a y' bka wk;=rej yS jvqjka B;, kuhka;s ;ÉPld odrex kuhka;s iqín;d w;a;dkx
i|yd o`vq kukq oel th;a mdvulg .;a y' wjik ouhka;s
oelafla jvq uvqjls' tys jvq ld¾ñlfhda oejo`vq
lmñka" uosñka úúO NdKv ksIamdokh lrkq olakg fk;a;sld( l=Uqre j,g osh f.k hkafkda¦ Wolx(
,eìK' ;uka leu;s mßos fï mK ke;s NdKav c,h¦ khka;s( f.k h;s¦ Wiqldrd( B;, idok
yslaujd .kakg ñksiqkag yels kï wmg wfma u is;a ld¾ñlfhda¦ f;ckx( B o`vq¦ kuhka;s( yev .kaj;s¦
yslaujd .kakg neß ukao@ ;ÉPld( jvq ld¾ñlfhda¦ odrex( ,S¦ kuhka;s(
kj;s¦ iqín;d( is,a rlskafkda¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦
tfia is;+ iqn idufKarfhda ms`vq is`.d hdu kj;d ouhka;s( oukh lr .ks;s'
wdmiq úydria:dkhg hdug .=re ysñhka f.ka wjir
me;+ y' wjirh ,enqfKka ry;a ù ñi fkd kj;sñhs l=Uqre j,g wjYH c,h f.dúfhda we, ud¾. j,ska
wosgka lr .;a Wkajykafia Ndjkdjg mgka .;a y' leu;s mßos f.k f.dia yiqrejd .ks;s' B;,
fï w;r .|ls<sfhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia idokafkda B o`vq .skafkka r;alr os. yer idod .ks;s'
—iqn idufKarfhda ms`vq is`.d hdu kj;d Ndjkd lrkq jvq ld¾ñlfhda ,S lmd ueo ;udg ßis mßos jevg
msKsi wdrduhg wdmiq wd y' Wkajykafia f.a ldßh fhdojd .ks;s' is,a rlskafkda ;ud oukh lr.kS'
bgq ùfoda˜ hs osjeiska n,d jod< y' idufKarhka
wkd.dñ M,h olajd ms<sfj<ska m;aj isá whqre ÿgq újrKh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tosku ry;a M,h ,nd .ekSfï
iqín;x( ukd mej;=ï we;a;d iqín; kñka ye|ska fõ' hym;a
Yla;sh o tu idufKar ku i;=j mj;akd nj o oel
iS, .=Kh yd úkS;dpdrj;a nj fuhska woyia fjhs' tjekakka
.;a y' wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia .JOl=áfhka myiqfjka YsCIKh l< yels fjhs'
kslau úydria:dkhg msúfik fodrgqj wi, /|S
isáh y'

idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia ms`vq is`.d f.k wdmiq

meñKsh y' nqÿ mshdKka jykafia iqn idufKarhka
ry;a jk ;=re ießhq;a uy f;reka l=áhg fkd
msúijkq msKsi Wkajykafia f.ka m%Yak y;rla
úuiQy' ta m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re foñka ießhq;a ysñhka
mud jQ w;r idufKar ysñfhda ry;a jQ y' wk;=rej
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —idßmq;a;" idufKar kug wdydr
fokak˜ hs jod< y' ießhq;a ysñfhda o idufKar kug
msKavmd;h msßkeuQ y' idufKar ku j<`od ksu jk
úg bre u|la wjrg f.dia ;sìKs' ta .ek NsCIQka
jykafia oï iNdfjys l;d lrñka isáhy'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia tys jevu lr —uyfKks" fuf;la

fõ,d ljr l;djl fhoS isáhyq o@˜ hs úuiQ úg
Tjqyq —iajdóks" wo Wfoa jrej álla os. jQjd jeksh'
idufKarhka oka j<|d wjika jQ úg tlajr u yjia
jQjd jeks úh' wms ta .ek l;d lf<uq˜ hs mejiQ y'
—uyfKks" Wodr wNsu;d¾: we;a;ka mOka ùh¾hfhys
oyjk mrsÉfPaoh ( oKv j.. 39
 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î'O¾uodi mshdKkag
ksjka iqj m;d m%ldYkh lrk ,os'
mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

ieliqu
mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
î¡ mqIamdkS Ou_,;d
î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
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msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
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 .sks ^tfldf<dilska& weú, f.k ksf;d/ oefjoaoS l=uk iskdfjla o@ l=uk i;=fgla o@

146¡ fldkq ydfida lsudkkafoda fudk iskd foda

ksÉpx mÊc,sf;a i;s fudk i;=g foda
wkaOldfrk TkoaOd ks;r .sks f.k oefjoaoS
moSmx k .fjiai: ^11(1& osf,k mykla
fidhkq ke;afoda
wkaOldf¾ isáoaoS

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 tl jokla - ÿka t<shla
11 ^1& úidldjka f.a msßjr ,`ÿka ^146 .d:dj&

ú idld Wmdisldjf.a msßjr ,`ÿka wern fï .d:dj

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska jodrk ,oafoa foõrï
fjfyroS h'
ksÉpx( ks;ru¦ mÊc,sf;a i;s( ^tfldf<dia
.skafklska& .sks f.k oefj;aos¦ fld kq ydfid( ljr
kï yskdjla o@¦ lsx wdkkafoda@( l=uk i;=gla o@¦
wkaOldf¾k( ^wúµd&wkaOldrfhka¦ TkoaOd( jeiS
úidldjka okg mskg ys;e;s ldreKsl .=Kj;a isáñkq;a"^Tn&¦ moSmx( wdf,dalhla¦ k .fjiai:@(
l=,l;la fia m;,j isá fyhska ;u ìßkaoka o tn÷ fkd fidhkakyq o@
.=K hym;a wh njg m;a fjkjd kï Ôú;h fl;rï
m%ikak jkafka oehs ieje;a kqjr fndfyda wh is;+ y' ks;ru flf<ia .skafkka oefjñka isáh oS ljr
tfia is;+ mkaishh fofkla jrla ;u ìßkaoka tfia yskdjla o" ljr wdkkaohla o@" w÷frys .s,S isáñkq;a
.=K hym;a lr .kq msKsi Tjqyq úidld Wjeish f.a wdf,dalh msKsi mykla fkd fidhjq o@
weiqrg m;a l< y' úidldfjdao úydria:dkhg hk
.uka ìuka j,oS Tjqka legqj hñka iÿmfoaY odkfhka újrKh
Tjqkg ix.%y l< y'
mÊc,sf; i;s( i;aFjhd ksrka;rfhka .sks tfld<ilska oefjk
nj oyï fmd;aj, oelafjhs' ta .sks kï"
fï w;r rc;=ud f.a o wjir we;sj meje;afjk
tla ieKfl<s iufhl Tjqyq ish iajdñjrekg ;ekQ 1& rd.h 2& oafõIh 3& fudayh 4& jHdêh 5& crdj 6& urKh
iqrdfjka b;sßh úidldjka uÕyer Whkg iÕjd 7& fidalh 8& mßfoj 9& ÿlaL ^ldhsl ÿlh& 10& fodaukiai
f.k f.dia î l,n, lf<ka iajdñmqreIhka f.ka ^fkd i;=g fyj;a isf;a ÿlh& 11& Wmdhdi ^±ä wdhdih&
.=á neg lE y'
hk tfld<ihs' iEu i;a;ajfhlau ksjka oel iißka tf;r jk
;=re fïjdhska oefjhs'
;j;a j;djl Tjqyq úidldjka iuÕ wdrduhg hk
w;r iqrd n÷ka o iÕjd f.k f.dia wdrdufhaoS wkaOldfrk( w÷r f,i fuys y÷kajkafka ish¿ mD:.ack
fydr ryfia u î Ou_ Yd,dfõ jdä jQ y' nqÿrÿka i;aFjhka .s,S isákd wúoHd wJOldrhhs'
O¾u foaYkd lrk w;r;=r Tjqka f.a iqrd u; jeä
moSmx( m%oSmh kï m%{d m%oSmhhs'
úh' iuyre uy y`äka iskdfikakg;a" iuyreka .S
.hkakg;a" iuyreka kgkakg;a mgka .;af;ka tA .d:djidkfhys úidldjf.a msßjr ldka;dfjda fidajdka jQy'
ljr fyhska oehs osjeiska neÆ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fidajdka jQ wh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia ;=klg fnfo;s' tkï"
lreKq jegysK' Tjqkag iqrd u; ueoafoa udr mdËsl
ñ:Hd oDIaál N+;d;auhka o wdúIagj ;sìk' udrhdg 1' i;a;laL;a;= mru( my;a ckauj, fkd bmso osjH-ukqIH
f,dalj, i;a jrla muKla Wmos;s'
wjia:dj fkd osh hq;= hehs is;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
ish fonefuka ;o kS,jK_ rYañhla ksl=;a lr iuia; 2' flda,x fld,( fo;=ka jrla muKla bmso iir ÿla fl<jr
oï iNdju w÷f¾ .s,ajQ y' NS;shg m;a ldka;djka f.a lrhs'
iqrdu; ke;súK' ta fjkqjg Tjqyq ìfhka ;e;s .;ay'
3' tal îfc( ;j tla jrla muKla ukq f,dj Wm;la ,nhs'
wk;=rej iqÿ nqÿ/iska oï iNdj taldf,dal l< fida;dm;a;s M,h ,nkafka ilaldh osÜÀ úÑlsÉPd iy iS,ín;
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tjqka wu;d —Wmdisldfjks" Tn mrdudi hk ixfhdack ke;s lsÍfuks'
fï oï iNdjg fun`ÿ iajrEmhlska fkd meñKsh
hq;=j ;sìKs' Tn tfia m%udoSj yeiqreKq fyhska
udrhdg wjia:dj ie,isK' udrdfõYh ksid Tn l%shd
lf<a ú,s ìh ke;sj h' Tn yd;amiska u tfldf,dia
.skaklska oefj;aoS ;uka ;=< we;s flf<iqka f.ka
ñfokakg ;e;a fkd orkafka wehs@ Tn w÷frys
.s,S isák fyhska wdf,dalhla fidhd .kakg fkd
fjfyfikafka wehs@˜ hkdoS jYfhka wkqYdikd l< y'
Ou_ Y%jKh l< Wmdisldfjda ish¿ fok wjik
fidajdka M,fhys msysáh y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^146 .d:dj&

ksÉpx mÊc,sf;a i;s fldkqydfid lsx wdkkafoda

wkaOldfrk TkoaOd moSmx k .fjiai:@

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 7

 fndfyda fok iqjh hs i,ld úis;=re fldg irik isrer .;s i,ld n,kak¡

147¡ miai Ñ;a;l;x ìïnx n,kak yev jev l< lh

wreldhx iuqiais;x ;=jd,hls weg lgq msß
wd;=rx nyq iÙlmamx f,vls ljqre f,dn is;=j;a
hiai k;aÒ Oqjx À;s ^11(2& ;sr mej;=ï ì|l=;a ke;s

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 n,kak we;s ;;= isref¾
11 ^2& isßud mqrÕk mqj; ^147 .d:dj&

ie je;akqjr fÊ;jk úydria:dkfhys jev jdih

l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia issßud kï .Ksldj
wern fï .d:dj jod< fial'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsËq ix>hd wu;ñka" —uyfKks"
jks;djl f.a w.hg jQ foa n,kak' ueh iu. tla
/hla .; lrkakg ñksiaiq lyjqKq oyila f.jQ y'
wo lsisfjla fkdñ,fha o fkd .ks;s' weh f.a rEimqj
ieje;a kqqjr b;d m%shxlr rEm fYdaNdfjka hqla; osrdm;aj .sfha h' uyfKks" isref¾ yeá f;areï
isßud kï wìire,shla úiqjd h' ´ oskm;d NsËqka .kak˜ hs Ou_ foaYkd l< y' isßudjka flf¾ we¿ï
jykafia,d wgkulg oka msßkeuqjd h' jrla tys oka l< NsËq ku o fidajdka M,h ,oafoa h'
je<÷ NsËQyq weh f.a wiudk rEm fi!kao¾hh .ek;a
weh ms<s.ekajQ wdydr j, m%kS;Fjh .ek;a wdrdufhaoS újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^147 .d:dj&
l:d l< y' ta wid isá tla ;reK ysñ kul f.a is;
;=< weh fkdoelu mjd weh ms<sn| ird.S is;la we;s hiai Oqjx À;s k;aÒ wreldhx iuqiais;x wd;=rx nyq
úh' miq osk fyf;u wks;a NsËQka o legqj isßudjka iÙlmamx Ñ;a;l;x ìïnx miai
f.a ksjfiys odkh je<£u msKsi msg;a úh' tod
isßud frda.d;=rj isá oskls' tfia jqj o weh NsËQka hiai( hulg¦ Oqjx À;s( ;sr meje;aula¦ k;aÒ(
jykafia,dg f.!rj lrkakg wjYHhehs lshd isá ke;ao¦ wreldhx( ;=jd,hla j¦ iuqiais;x( weglgq
fyhska weh j;a;ï lr f.k iÕ ueog f.k tk ,oS' iuQyhla jQ¦ wd;=rx( frda.S jQ¦ nyq iÙlmamx( fndfyda
—weh wikSmj isáh oS mjd w;sYhska rEm iïmkakh˜ fokd úiska úúO f,i l,amkd lrkq ,nkakd jQ¦
hs is;+ NsËqj weh flf¾ ;Èka u we¿ï lf<a h' Ñ;a;l;x( úÑ;% lrk ,o¦ ìïnx( fï YÍrh¦
miai( n,kak'
tod /fhys wikSmh jeä ùfuka isßud l¿ßh l<d
h' ìïìidr rc f;u isßud ñh .sh nj nqÿrcdKka ia:djr meje;aula ke;s" uq¿ukska u ;=jd,hla jeks"
jykafiag oekqï ÿkafka h' isßud f.a u< isrer weg tlaù frdlaù fmfkk" frda.S jQ"úúO ckhd úiska
iqidk N+ñhg f.k f.dia j< fkd oud osk ;=kla tys úúOdldrfhka Wml,amkh lrkq ,nk" fï úis;=re
iqrËs;j ;nk fia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia rcqg Wmfoia lrk ,o YÍrfha h:d ;;aFjh n,kak'
ÿka y' lmqgka yd .scq ,sysKshkaf.ka /l .ksñka th
osk ;=kla tfia ;nk ,oS' isßud f.a rEnr isrer ;j újrKh
ÿrg;a rEnr fkd ùh' th bosó l=Kq ù mKqfjda mjd
we;s jQy' kj fodßka u ´cdj .,kakg úh' YÍrhg ks;H meje;aula ke;' th ksr;=reju fjkia fjñka osrd
m;a fjñka úkdYh lrd .uka lrhs' tfy;a th úúOdldrfhka
úis;=re fldg úúO l,amkd cks; lrjhs'
isjqjk osk nqÿrcdKka jykafia uy iÕk msßjrd
iqidk N+ñhg jevu l< y' rc;=ud o iy msßjßka
meñKsfha h' isßud flf¾ oeä fm%auhla we;s lr
f.k isá ;reK NsËqj weh ñh.sh nj oek isáfha
ke;' nqÿrÿka isßudj f.a isrer n,kakg h;shs weiQ
Wkajykafia o .ukg tla úh' iqidk N+ñfhys oS
isßudjka f.a isrer jg lr iÕrejk yd nqÿrcdKka
jykafia jev isá w;r rc;=ud iy msßi o jgj
isáhy' fndfyda .sys meúos" ia;%S mqreI fikÕ o tys
/ia jQy'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia rc;=udf.ka fufia úuiQ y'

—uyrc" fï ldka;dj ljqo@˜ rc;=ud ms<s;=re ÿkafka
—iajdóks" fï Ôjl ffjoHjrhd f.a ifydaoßh jQ
isßud h'˜ —fï isßud o" uyrc@˜ —tfyuhs iajdóks"˜
—tfia kï uyrc lyjqKq oyila fokakl=g isßud ,o
yels hehs wK fnr ,jkak˜ lsisfjla zyqïZ y~l=ÿ
fkd keÕ+ y' rc;=ud ñ, i;hla olajd wvq lf<a h'
lsisfjla ñ,g fkd .;a y' —nqÿrcdKka jykai fï
isrer lsisfjla fkdñ,fhaj;a fkd .ks;s˜ hs rc;=ud
oekqï ÿkafkah'

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 9

 ish¨ i;=ka f.a Ôú;h urKh fl<jr fldg we;af;a h¡

148¡ mßðKaKñox rEmx osrd hk fï isrer

frd.ksâVx mNÙ.=rx f,äka jefgkd ks;r
NsÊc;s mQ;sikafofyd ìf|hs ierj o je.sr
urKka;x ys Ôú;x ^11(3& osúfha fl<jrhs urKh

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 osúh ksufjhs urKfhka
11 ^3& W;a;rd fufyKsh f.a l;dj ^148 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:dj W;a;rd fufyKsh ksñ;s
fõjd ish,a,u wks;H h' mxpialkaO úNd.h" wdh;k úNd.h
yd Od;= úNd.h u.skao fuu wks;H;dj m%lg lrkq ,efí'
wks;H;dfjka ñÿKq tlu foh wixialD; Ou_h jQ ksj_dKh muKs'
fldg foaYkd l< fial'
fidajdka ùu ú.%y lrk iqm%lg mdGh ;=< tk —hxls[Ñ iuqoh
tlish úisjiaj jev úiQ W;a;rd fufyKsh oskla Oïux iínx ;x ksfrdO Oïux˜ yg.kakd hula we;akï" ta
ms~q isÕd f.dia tk w;r uÕ NsËq kula oel ;u ish,a, kefik iq¿h'˜ hkafkys yrh jkafka wks;Hh ms<sn|
msKavmd; fNdackh Wkajykafiag ms<s.ekajQjd h' mß{dkhla we;s lr .ekSuhs' úuqla;s ud._fha m%:u mshjr jkafka
wks;Hh ms<sn| h:djfndaOh nj fuhska yeÕfjhs' wks;Hh
tfyhska wehg tosk ksrdydrj isákakg isÿ úh' wjfndaO lr .ekSfï wd.ñl jeo.;alu fuhska f;areï .; yels
fojk osk o th u isÿ úh' ;=kajk osk o ´ f;dfuda h' tfuka u msßksjka mdkakg u|lg fmr ;:d.;hka jykafia
;u msKavmd; fNdackh NsËqkula oel mQcd lr úiska jod< wjidk nqoaO jpkh jQfha o —uyfKks" ish¿ ixialdr
;=uQ ksrdydrju .; l<d h' ;=ka oskla u ksrdydrj O¾ufhda wks;Hh y' wm%udoj iïmdokh lr .ksjq˜ hkakhs'
isàfuka fufyKsh b;d ÿ¾j, jQjd h'
ish¨ ixialdr O¾uhka wks;H nj yd wkd;au nj m%;HË lr
fkd f.k úuqla;sh ,nd .; fkd yel' tfyhska th Ndjkd
isjqjk osk W;a;rd NsËqKsh ms~qisÕd jäkd w;r uÕ ud._fhka iDcqj yd iQËu f,i m%;HCI lr .; hq;=j ;sfí' tu
wehg mgquÕl oS Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uqK .eisKs' wjfndaOh wiajdoh úo¾Ykdjka w;r m%:uh f,i oelafjhs'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag f.!rjfhka je| kuialdr l< [dK oiaik úiqoaêh yd u.a.du.a.[dKoiaik úiqoaêh ,nd
´ f;dfuda miaig jQjd h' tfy;a wjdikdjg ;uka fok kj úO wkqiai;Ska w;r m%:udxlhg o WohjHh úIfhys
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu olajd we;'
f.a u Öjrh mE.S meg,S ìu weo jegqKd h' thska
weh f.a ysi ;=jd, úKs' weh fj; .sh Nd.Hj;=ka mNÙ.=rx( YÍrh b;d myiqfjka ì£ úisr hkakla nj fuhska
jykafia —Tfí isrer fnfyúka ÿn,j .sfha h' oeka yefÕhs'
ì| jefgkakg wdikak h' ,ÕoSu tys wjidkh
mQ;sikafofyd( YÍrfha kj fodßkau ierj ^wmú;% foa& je.sfrhs'
isÿjkq we;˜ hs jod< fial' ta wid isá fufyKsh
fidajdka M,fhys msysáhd h' wks;Hh( .ia j, o¿" fïrE fld<" boS ly .eyqKq fld< yd ìu
jeà úh,S hk fld< wm fk; .efgk uq;a wms ta u.ska b.ekafjk
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^148 .d:dj& mdvu is;g fkd .ksuq' ysfiys l¿ flia iqÿ jk úg tu.ska fok
od¾Yksl mKsúvh wms f;areï fkd .ksuq' fï ish,af,ka wmg
box rEmx mßðKaKx frd.ksâVx mNÙ.=rx fok mKsjqvh l=ula o@ wks;Hhhs' b| ysg wks;Hh ms<sn| iq¿
wjÈlula cks; ùu yd th .eUqßka m%;HË lsÍu w;r n,.;=
mQ;sikafofyd NsÊc;s ys Ôú;x urKka;x fjkila mj;shs' nqoaêuh jYfhka hula ms<s.ekSu yd m%;HË lr
.ekSu w;r fjkila mj;shs' fndfyda úg wm th f;areï .;a;;a
box rEmx( fï rEmh¦ mßðKaKx( w;sYhska Èrd wmg iïnkaO lr jgyd .kakg jEhï fkd lruq'
.sfha¦ frd.ksâVx( frda.hg le±,a,la n÷h¦
mNÙ.=rx( ^jyd& ìf|k iq¨h¦ mQ;sikafofyd( ^kj
fodßka& l=Kq ierj .,d hhs¦ NsÊc;s( ^fï isrer&
myiqfjka ì£ hhs¦ ys( hï fyhlska¦ Ôú;x( Ôú;h¦
urKka;x( urKh fl<jr fldg we;af;a fõ o
^tfyhsks&'

jhig hk úg YÍrh osrdm;a fjhs' frda. j,g

wdlrhls' myiqfjka ì|S hhs' l=Kq ù ierj .,d hhs'
myiqfjka ìf|hs' Ôú;h urKfhka fl<jr fjhs'

újrKh

urKka;x ys Ôú;x( Ôú;fha wjidkh urKhhs' fï .d:dfõ

wruqK Ôú;fha wks;Hh meyeos,s lsÍuhs' ;%s ,ËKhka f.a m%:u
,ËKh wks;Hh hs' wks;Hh meyeos,s lsÍfï oS ,ËK ;=kla
.ek fufkys lsÍu oelafjhs' tkï" Wmamdo ^yg .ekSu& À;s
^meje;au& Nx. ^úkdYh& hk ,ËK ;=khs' meje;au jqj o
fudfyd;la tlúg tl f,i meje;aula ke;'

ish¨u ixialD;l O¾uhka f.a iajNdjh ksn|j ksrka;rj fjkia

ùu hs' fN!;sl fõjd" udkisl fõjd" wdOHd;añl fõjd" ndysr

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 11

 ,nq ln,a jeks fldfndajka meye ^-w¨mdg& we;s ñkS weg iels,s ljr we,afula o@

149¡ hdksudks wm;a:dks ir;a ldf, t;k fu;k

w,dmQfkZj idrfo jeà ;sfnk ,nq weg fuk
ldfmd;ldks wÜÁks w¿ meye weg lgq oel=fuk
;dks osiajdk ld r;s@ ^11(4& ljqre;a fm<fU;s we,afuk

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fï foa oel=fuka - wdid ÿr,;a
11 ^4& wêudksl ysñjreka f.a l:d mqj; ^149 .d:dj&

; uka .ek muKg jvd is;g .;a tla NsËq msßila

wrnhd nqÿrcdKka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev
jik fiala fï .d:dj jod< fial'
idrfo( ir;a R;=fjys¦ wm;a:dks( ^;ek ;ek&
úiqreKq¦ w,dmQks bj( ,nqln,a jeks jQ¦ ldfmd;ldks(
^mfrúhka f.a mdg& w¿ meyeh we;s¦ hdks budks(
hï fï¦ " wÜÁks( ñkS weg ^fõo&¦ ;dks( ta ñkS weg¦
tla;rd NsËq mssßila Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj;ska osiajdk( oelSfuka¦ ld r;s( ljr we,aula o@'
lugyka ,nd f.k njqka jvkq msKsi jk.; jQy'
fndfyda Wkkaÿfjka wm%udoS j Ndjkd l< ta ysñjre mfrúhka f.a mdg .;a ñkS weg lgq ir;a ld,fhys
blauKska u OHdk Wmojd .;a y' tfy;a tu wê.uh úh,S ;ek ;ek úisr .sh ,nq ln,a fuka osia fjhs' ta
jrojd f;areï .;a Wkajykafia,d oeka ;uka ish¿ ñkS weg ±lafuka ljr kï we,aula Wm§ o@
flf<iqka kid ry;aj we;ehs is;+y' tfy;a Tjqka ,nd
;snqfKa OHdkhla muKs' újrKh

;uka ry;a M, ,nd we;ehs i;=gg m;a ta ysñjre wÜÀks( weg lgq fï wuq fidfydfkys ñkS osrd f.dia ;ek ;ek
úisr we;s weg len,s msÍ mej;sK' ysia ln,a fmkS hkafka úh,S
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia olskq msKsi" foõrï fjfyr .sh ,nq ln,a fuks' m%shxlr ukqIH YÍrhg wjidkfha w;ajk
n,d wdmiq .ukg msg;a jQy' Wka jykafia,d foõrï brKu ta ysia ln,a foi ne,Sfuka jgyd .; yel'
fjfyrg we;=,a jkakg fmr mjqre fodrgqj g
iómj;a u ish nqÿ fk;ska Tjqka oel jod< crd( uy¿ úh Wodjk úg YÍrfha my< jk crd ,l=Kq ldg;a
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wdkkaao ysñhka wu;d —wdkkao" m%lg foa h' uy¿ úh ñksiqkg iir l<lsÍ meúos jkakg is;a
fmd<Ujk tla fmr ksñ;a;la fjhs' isÿy;a fndai;=ka meúos jQfha
Th NsËQka jykafia,dg oekg ud yuqùfuka uy,af,la" f,fvla yd u< l|la oelSfuks' fï ksñ;s ;=k foúhka
m%fhdackhla fkd fjhs' ta whg uq,ska u iqidk N+ñhg úiska Wkajykafia yuqjg meñK jQ nj iïm%odfhys lshefjhs'
f.dia wk;=rej ud yuqjg tkakehs Wmfoia fokak˜ hs
jod< y' hu rcq ñksiqka f.ka fufia úui;ehs l;djla we;' —tïnd krh"
wjqreÿ wiQjla" wkQjla" ishhla jhia jQ uy¿" ÿn," l=ÿj .sh"
f., keuqKq" yerñá jdrefjka hk" md melsf,k" frda.S" ;=reKq
wdkkao ysñfhda ta NsËQkag nqÿrÿka f.a mKsjqvh nj bl=;aj .sh" o;a ye¿Kq" ysifla meiqKq" ;Ügh mEÿKq" yu
oekajQ y' ta NsËQyq o fufia is;+ y' /,s jegqKq fjjq,k w;a md we;s whl= oelafla ke;a o@ Tn;a
hïlsis ojil uy¿j ÿn,j hk nj;a th u. yßkakg l%uhla
—Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ish,a, uekúka okakd fial' ke;s nj;a jegyqfKa ke;a o@ frda.Sj" .s,kaj" fõokdfjka mSä;j"
kslrefKa fufia fkd lr;s' lsishï jeo.;a fya;=jla ;u wiQÑfhysu .s,S fjk;a wh úiska Tijd f.k f.dia ta ta
;ek ;nkq ,eìh hq;= whl= ÿgqfõ ke;a o@ ug;a fï foa fjhs"
we;sj u fufia lr;s'˜ tfia is;+ Tjqyq fidfydka ìug fuhska .e,jqula ke;s fjhs lshd lsis lf,l jegyqfKa ke;a o@
.sh y' ;ud;a ljod fyda ñhhk nj f;areï .;af;a ke;a o@ urKfhka
.e,ùula ke;s nj fkd jegyqfKa o@ lsisodl .eyeKshl f.a fyda
iqidk N+ñh mqrd úúO ñkS úisÍ ;sìK' iuyr tajd msßñhl= f.a fyda oskla" folla ;=k y;rla merKS ù .sh bosuqKq"
weglgq njg m;aj ;ek ;ek úisr ;sìK' iuyrla ÿ¾j¾K jqKq l=Kq jqKq u< isrerla oelafla ke;a o@˜
l=Kq ù hñks' mKqfjda k,sh;s' ´cdj .,;s' we;eï ish,a, kefik iq¿ nj" wks;H nj f;areï .;a úg f,dj foi
ñkshla mehlg follg fmr f.kd mßoafoks' ;u n,k oDIaáh fjkia lr .kakg yels jkq we;' lsisjla wfma
is;aj, úúO ixlS¾K yeÕSï we;sj ke;sj hk yeá fkdjk nj" wmg wjYH f,i md,kh lr .; fkd yels nj
mila l< Tjqyq ;uka flf<iqka kid ke;s nj f;areï f;areï .;a úg h:d¾:h oelSfï kj WfoHda.hla wm ;=< we;s
.;a y' fjhs'

.| ls<sfhys isg osj fk;ska fï ish,a, ksÍËKh

lrñka isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia rYañ Odrdjla tys
hjd Wkajykafia,d weu;+ y' —uyfKks" jg msg úysoS
we;s w¿ meye;s weglgq n,kak' fï ;;aFjh oel
oel;a Tng lï iqj .ek is;sh yels o@˜

wk;=rej Wka jykafia fï .d:dj jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^149 .d:dj&

idrfo wm;a:dks w,dmQks bj ldfmd;ldks hdks

budks wÜÀks ;dks osiajdk ld r;s@

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 13

 fï isrer uia f,a .,ajd wegj,ska ieÿKq kqjrla ^fldgqf.hla& jeks h¡

150¡ wÜÁkx k.rx l;x k.rh weg j,ska lf<a

uxif,dys;f,mkx mqrjd we;af;a uia f,a
h;a: crd p uÉpQ p crdj urKh iu.ska
udfkd ulafLd p Tysf;d ^11(5& udkh ul= nj we;=f<a

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 isrer kqjrls - weg iels,a,ls
11 ^5& rEm kkaod NsCLqKsh f.a j; ^ckmo l,HdKs& ^150 .d:dj&

c kmo l,HdKsh fyj;a rEm kkaodj wern nqÿrÿka

fï .d:dj foaYkd lf<a foõrï fjfyr jev
jiñks'
wjik .s,kaj ÿn,j yerñá jdrejg o m;aj b;d
úrEmj wka;sfï ueÍ jegqKd h' u< isrer o l=Kq ù
ierj .,ñka ms<sl=,a ;;aFjhg m;ajkq rEm kkaodg
olakg ,eìK'
ckmo l,HdKsh f.da;ñh f.aa f,a,sh jqjd h' weh
b;du;a rEu;a jQ fyhska rEm kkaod kñka o m;< fï ish,a, n,d isá rEm kkaod —ta w;sYh iqkaor jQ
jQjd h' kkao l=ure meúos jQ osk mgka ´ fufia is;=jd ruH fh!jksh l%ufhka úhm;aj frda.d;=rj crm;aj
h' —jeäu,a fidfydhqre isÿy;a meúos ù iïud iïnqÿ ñh .shd fia hï oskl ug o ta ish,a,g hg;a jkakg
moú ,oafoa h' Tyq f.a mq;a rdyq, o meúos jQfha h' fjhs' ud weia bosßmsg isÿ jQ tu mßj¾;kh f,dj
uf.a ieñhd jQ kkao o meúosj isáhs' uf.a uj jQ ldg;a w;ajk brKuhs' uu o thska fkd ñÿfKñ˜hs
m%cdm;s f.da;ñh o meúos jQjd h' uu muKla wdj¾ckh l<d h' weh is;k is;=ú,s j,g .e,fmk
.sysf.ys ;ks jQfhñ'˜ tfia is;ñka isg ´ f;dfuda o mßos nqÿrcdKka jykafia wks;Hh" ÿl yd wkd;auh
meúos jQjd h' ms<sn`oj ;u oï foiqu fhduq l< y' oyï wid isá
rEm kkaod fidajdka M,hg m;a jQjd h'
meúos jqjo ;uka b;d rEu;a nj wehg wu;l l<
fkd yels úh' lsis u NsËqKshla weh ;rï rEu;a újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^150 .d:dj&
fkd ùh' ;uka rEu;a ùu .ek weh ;=< tla;rd
wNsudkhla o ;sìK' nqÿrÿka rEmfhys wdoSkj uxif,dys;f,mkx k.rx wÜÁkx l;x h;a: crdp
foaYkd lrk nj wid isá ´ —ud nK wikakg .sh uÉpQ p udfkda p ulafLda p Tysf;da wÜÁkx
fyd;a ud o uy¿j rEmY%Sh keiS f.dia crm;ajk
nj Wkajykafia jodrkakg bv ;sfí' túg wksl=;a uxif,dys;f,mkx( uia yd f,a .,ajk ,o¦ k.rx(
NsËqKSka ud foi n,ñka iskdfikakg;a bv we;˜hs k.rhla ^fldgq f.hla&¦ wÜÁkx( weg j,ska¦ l;x(
is;ñka lsis oskl O¾u Y%jKhg fkd .shd h' lrk ,oS¦ fln÷ jq o h;a¦ h;a:( hï ;ekl¦ crdp(
uy`M nj o¦ uÉpQ p( urKh o¦ udfkda p( udkh o¦
tfy;a oskm;d nK wikakg hk wksl=;a NsËqKSyq ulafLda p( .=Kul= njo¦ Tysf;d( ;ekam;a lrk ,o
oyï wid wjq;a oï foiqïj, jQ lreKq .ek l;d o¡ ^tn÷ fldgq f.hla h&
lr;s' ta wi;a wi;a u nK wikakg weh ;=< o
wdYdjla j¾Okh úh' tfyhska oskla rEm kkaod fï YÍrh weg iels,a,la f,i ;kd uia f,a mqrjd
—uu;a nK wikakg tñ˜ hs lshd msßi iuÕ hkakg ilia lrk ,o k.rhls' tys crdj" urKh fuka u
leu;s jQjd h' udkh iy .=Kul= luo ksoka lr ;sfí'

flfia jqj o ;ud fk;g ,la jqj fyd;a nqÿka jykafia újrKh
;ud u b,lal fldg rEmfhys wdoSkj we;=<;a
nKla lshkakg;a bv we;ehs is;+ rEm kkaod wksl=;a ulafLd( kï .=Kul= njh' ;udg lrk ,o Woõ Wmldr wdosh
wu;l lr wkHhka f.a .=K iÕjd Tjqka f.a w.=K l;d lsÍu
NsËqKSkag uqjd ù miq fm<l ys| .;a;d h' tfy;a fuys iajNdjhhs' wkqka f.a ljr ;rï Wiia .=Khla we;;a
nqÿ rcdKka jykafia weh f.a meñKSu l,a ;nd u th iÕjd l;d lsÍu z.=K-ul=Z njhs' fndfyda .sys-meúoafoda
osjeiska oel ;sìKs' tfyhska lgqjla .,jkakg lgqjla fï ÿ¾.=Kfhka iukaú; fj;s' tfyhska fuh fmdÿ udkqIsl
u fhdod .kakd mßoafoka rEm kkaodg .e,fmk ÿ¾j,;djhla f,i o ye|skaúh yel'
Wml%uhla fhdod weh f.a rEm uoh ÿr,kakg is;+ y'
fidf<dia yeúßos rEu;shla ;u Roaê n,fhka ujd
weh ;ukag mjka i,ñka isák fia fmfkkakg ie,eia
jQ Wkajykafia tu o¾Ykh kkaodg ñi wka whg fkd
fmfkk mßos wêIaGdk l< y'

ta ÿgq rEm kkaod —fï rkajka iqrEmS hqj;sh yd

ii|d n,k úg uu l=uk úêhlgj;a weh ;rï
m%shxlr fkd jkafkñ˜ hs udkh yer ta rej foi u
wdYdfjka n,d isáhd h' weh ta refjys ne÷Kq nj o;a
;:d.;hka jykafia ta rej l%ufhka fh!jk úfhka
ueos úhg o thska uy¿ úhg o udrejk fia iD¾êuh
wêIaGdkhla l< y' wkql%ufhka uy¿ úhg m;a rej
tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 15
 b;d úis;=re je ieÿk rcqka f.a u.=,a r:h o isrer osr o hs tfy;a ^kj f,djq;=re& oyu fkd osr hs¡

151¡ Ôrka;s fj rdcr:d iqÑ;a;d yev jev l< rdc r:;a hï ojil osrd h;S
wf:d iÍrïms crx Wfm;s osrd hdu ta ú,ig fjhs ldf.;a .f;a .;S
i;[ap Oïfud k crx Wfm;s ioyï W;=uka joy< lsisl, crm;a fkd fj;S
ikaf;d yfõ iíNs mfjohka;s ^11(6& Ydka; W;=fuda hym;a wh fj; ioyï foi;S

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 lsis l, fkd osrk - iqñysß nqÿ nK
11 ^6& u,a,sld foaúh f.a mqj; ^151 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

u,a,sld foaúh wern mfiakoS fldfid,a
rc;=udg fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
f,dj Wmkakd h' ta wkqj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
;u wêIaGdkh ,sys,a lf<ka tosk rc;=ud oka ms<s
.ekaùfuka wk;=rej u,a,sld foaúh f.a mqk¾ckauh
.ek úuid isáfha h' —uyrc" Tn f.a foaúh ;=is;
oskla u,a,sld foaúh uqj fidaokq msKsi kdk fldgqjg osjH f,dalfhys bmso isákakSh˜ hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
f.dia msßisÿ jk w;r ;=r rc f.or iqr;,hg jod< y' —u,a,sld;a foõ f,dj kQmoskafka kï ljqre
yefok n,af,la tys msúisfha h' foaúh md msßisÿ tys Wmos;a o@ ˜ rc;=ud i;=fgka m%ldY lf<a h'
lrk úg tu iqkLhd weh yd wiajdNdúl yeisÍul tfy;a —u,a,sld b;d fifkye;s ìß`ola jQjd h'
fhfokakg ;e;a lf<ah' foaúh o th t;rï jrola ug weh f.a úfhda.h bjid ord .; fkd yelsh˜
fia fkd is;d Bg bvoS isáhd h' tfy;a rc;=ud Wvq hs fyf;u n,j;a fYdalh o m%ldY lf<a h' tosk
uyf,a isg ìu n,k úg kdk fldgqfjys isÿ jQ fï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia rc;=ud f.a odkh ms<s.;af;a
isoaêh oel úiauhg m;aj foaúh Wvq uy,g wd miq ud,s.fhys md uq, rdc r: kj;d ;nk ia:dkfha h'
ta .ek m%Yak lf<ah' foaúh ,Êcdj ksid tjekakla tys rc mrmqf¾ wdos mqreIhka f.a rdc r: fl!;=l
isÿ fkd jQ nj lSjo rc;=ud ud isheiska ÿgq foa jia;= jYfhka ;ekam;a lr ;sìk' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
m%;sfËm lr;shs wukdmhg m;a úh' foaúh o ;u tajd tlska tl .ek m%Yak lrñka —uyrc" Tn f.a
niu ienE lrkq ßisj —fï ldurfha msysàu lsishï uq;=ka ñ;af;da fï r: /f.k fkd .sh y' oeka tajd
woaN+; msysàuls' fuys isg kdk fldgqj foi n,k foi n,kak' tlska tl ál ál osrd m;a fjkjd fkd
úg tn÷ wreu mqÿu o¾Yk fmfka' Tn;=ud oeka kdk fõ o@ w;sYhska úis;=rej idok ,o fï wk¾> r:
fldgqjg .sh fyd;a ug;a tn÷ foa fmfka˜ hs mejiqjd osrd m;ajk mßoafoka ish¿ foa osrdm;a fõ' wm f.a
h' rc;=ud ta wkqj kdk fldgqjg .sfha h' Tyq kej; YÍro osrd m;a fõ' osrdm;a fkdjk tlu foa kï Ou_h
wd miq —foajhka jykai Tn ;=ud t¿ fokl iu. muKs˜hs O¾u foaYkd l< fial'
wiajdNdúl yeisÍul fhfokq uu fuys isg ÿgqfjñ˜
hs lSjd h' rc;=ud ta wkqj foaúh lS foa ienEhhs ms<s újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^151 .d:dj&
f.k weh tnkaola fkd l< nj ms<s.;a;d h'
iqÑ;a;d rdcr:d fj Ôrka;s wf:d iÍrx wms crx
rc;=ud ixiqka l< o ;ud úiska lrk ,oafoa nrm;, Wfm;s i;x Oïfud p crx k Wfm;s ikaf;d iíNs
jrola nj is;ñka u,a,sld foaúh ;ejqKdh' tu mdmh yfj mfjohka;s
uelS hkq jia ´ f;dfuda rc;=ud f.a wioDY odkuh
mqKH lu_fha oS fnfyúka fjfyij l%shd l<d h' weh iqÑ;a;d( úÑ;% jQ¦ rdcr:d( rdclSh jdyk¦ fj(
bka uyd mqKHdkqNdjhla /ia lr .;a;dh' t;l=ÿ taldka;fhka¦ Ôrka;s( osrdh;s¦ wf:d( tfia u¦
jqj;a wehg urK fudfyd;a oS ;u mqKH lu_ fjkqjg iÍrx wms( YÍrh o¦ crx Wfm;s( crdjg hhs¦ i;x
isyshg keÕ=fKa fï l=vd wl=Y, lu_hh' tfyhska ´ Oïfud( i;a mqreIhka f.a O¾uh¦ p( jkdys¦ crx k
f;dfuda ñh f.dia ksrfhys Wmkakd h' Wfm;s( osrdm;a fkd jkafka h¦ ikaf;d( Ydka; jQfjda¦
iíNss( i;a mqreIhka iu.¦ yfj( taldka;fhka¦
rc;=ud u,a,sld foaúhg b;d oeä fifkyiska isá mfjohka;s( fufia m%ldY flfr;s'
fyhska weh Wmka ;ek oek .ekSfï l=;=y,hla Tyq
;=< ;sìK' th nqÿ rcdKka jykafia f.ka wid oek b;d úis;=re f,i ks¾udKh l< rdclSh r: jqj o
.ekSu msKsi fyf;u úydria:dkhg meñKssfha h' osrd hhs' wm úiska ukdj /l .kq ,nk YÍrh o
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia is;+ y' —u,a,sld ksrfhys tfiau osrd hhs' tfy;a i;a mqreIhka f.a Ou_h tfia
Wmka nj oek.;fyd;a rc;=ud n,j;a ixfõ.hg osrd fkdhhs' i;a mqreIfhda i;a mqreIhka iu. Ou_
meñK t;rï mska l< u,a,sld;a ksrfhys Wmkafka ixjdofhys fhfo;s'
kï mqKH l¾u lsÍfuys lsis m%fhdackhla ke;ehs is;d
ñ:HdoDIaá f.k fndfyda mõ lr .kshs' th Tyqg uyd újrKh
w,dNhla jkq we;' tfyhska ta .ek wikakg Tyqg
wu;l jkafka kï hym;s˜ nqÿrÿkaf.a wêIaGdkh ljr foa osrdm;aj .sh o nqoaOdoS wdhH_hka jykafia,d f.a O¾uh
osrdm;a fkd jkafka h' Wka jykafia,d Wmkak;a ke;;a f,dal
wkqju rc;=udg ta .ek úuiSug wu;l úh' rc;=ud iajNdjh ms<sn`o i;Hh f,dj ljo;a mj;shs' th nqoaOdoS
osk .Kkdjla u ta .eku úuikakg meñKsh o W;a;ufhda m%;HË lr f.k foaYkd lr;s' f,dj we;s ;;a;ajh
nqÿrÿkaf.a wêIaGdkh mßos th os.g u wu;l úh' tfia m%;HCI lr f.k foaYkd lrkq ñi w¿f;ka m%nkaO lr
f.d;d foaYkd lrkakla fkdjk fyhska tu O¾uh osrdm;a ùula"
i;a osklg miq u,a,sld foaúhf.a wl=Y,h b;d h,a mekSula" fndre ùula ke;'
iq¿ fyhska ´ f;dfuda ksrfhka ñoS ;=is; foõ
tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 17
 weiQ msrE ;eka ke;a;d f.dkl= fuka uiska ;rje jevqK;a kqjKska kï fkd jefâ¡

152¡ wmamiaiq;dZhx mqßfid W.;a fohla ke;s ñksid

n,sjoafodaZj Ôr;s f.dfkla jf.a hhs jhig
uxidks ;iai jâVka;s isref¾ uia jefvk kuq;a
m[a[d ;iai k jâV;s ^11(7& kqjK Tyq f. jeã fkdh;a

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 uiska jefâ - keK fkd jefâ¡
11 ^7& ,d¨odhs f;reka f.a jia;=j ^152 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ,d¨odhs kï jQ kqjK u| f;r kula
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^152 .d:dj&

wern fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial' whx wmamiaiqf;d mqßfid n,sjoafoda bj Ôr;s ;iai
uxidks jâVka;s ;iai m[a[d k jâV;s'
fï ,d¨odhs f;reka jykafia ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dfjka
f;dr jQ fyhska ;ekg .e,fmk f,i nK lshkakg wmamiaiqf;d( w,amY%e;¦ whx mqßfid( fï mqreI f;u¦
fkd o;a y' ñksiqka ux., W;aij mj;ajk ;ek n,sjoafoda bj( f.dkl= fuka¦ Ôr;s( jefvhs¦ ;iai(
nK lshkakg wjux., wjia:dj, lsjhq;= .d:d Tyq f.a¦ uxidks( uia¦ jâVka;s( jefvhs¦ ;iai( Tyq
f;dard .kshs' wjux., wjia:dj,g f.dia ux., f.a¦ m[a[d( m%{dj¦ k jâV;s( fkd jefvhs'
W;aij j, lsj hq;= nKla lshhs' ta ;eka j,oS
Wkajykafia f.a fï w{dk l:d ksid ta yd jäk w,amY%e; jQ fï mqreI f;u f.dfkl= fuka jefvkafka
wksl=;a ysñjre uy;a wmyiqjlg m;a fj;s' fï ksid h¡ Tyq f.a YÍrudxYfhda jefvkakd y¡ f,!lsl
NsËQka jykafia,d Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqjg f.dia f,dafld;a;r m%{dj kï fkd jefvhs¡
—iajdóks" fï ,d¨odhs NsËqj ux.,H wjia:dj,g
f.dia wjux.,Hhg WÑ; foaYkhla lrhs' wjux.,H újrKh
wjia:dj,g f.dia ux.,H wjia:djlg WÑ; nKla
lshhs' ;ekg .e,fmk foaYkhla lrkakg fkd okS wmamiaiqf;d( jeä bf.kqula ke;s" iq; hkafka kshu w¾:h zwid
we;sZ hkakhs' merKs hq.fha wOHdmkh uq`Mukska u r|d meje;af;a
kï ta ;ekaj,g fkd f.dia isàu jvd WÑ; fkd fõ Y%jH udOHh u; fyhska W.;d nyqY%e; fia o kQ.;d w,amY%e;
o@˜ hs lshd isáh y' fia o y÷kajk ,oS'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta wid —uyfKks" fï ,d¨odhs m[a[d( kqjK" m%{dj' nqÿ iufhys oS m[a[d hkak yqfola
oeka muKla fkdj fmr ckauhl mjd jeros ;ek úIh lreKq oekqug jvd .eUqre ixl,amhla f,i bosßm;a fjhs'
hul= m; fmd;ska yd .=re uqúka lreKq wid f.k lg mdvï l<
jeros foa l;d lf<a h˜hs jodrd fmr ckauhl jQ muKska m%{djka;hl= njg m;a fkd fõ' zmrf;dfidmZ fyj;a
isoaêhla fy<s lr jod< y' fmr ckaufhl w.a.so;a; wkqkaf.ka b.ekau m%{djka; ùfï tla udj;la muKs' ta yd iu
kñka bmso isá fudyqg fyauo;a; kï mqf;la isáfha zfhdksfid ukisldrZ fyj;a ;l_dkql+, Ñka;kh o tla úh hq;=h'
h' mshd ÿmam;a jqj o" ;u W.;alu wkqj fyf;u rdc fï folays l%shdldß;ajh u.ska wmg h:d N+; {dkh ,nd .;
l=`MmÕj isáfha h' jrla w.a.so;a; f.a f.dka ndfkka yelsh'
tla f.dfkla ñh .sfhah' —mq; Tn rdc l=`Mm. fyhska wm ,nk [dKh ;%súO nj fn!oaO b.ekaùï j, olajd ;sfí'
ug rc;=udf.ka f.dfkla b,ajd fokq uekj˜ hs fya tkï¦
mq;d f.ka b,a,d isáfha h' rc;=ud f.ka ;ud b,a,d
isáh fyd;a th ;udg ,Êcdjla fj;shs is;d mshdg 1' iq;uh [dKh( iq;uh [dK kï bf.kqu u.ska ,nk
lúhla b;d wudrefjka W.kajd f.k rc jdi,oS oekquhs'
lshkakg ie,iqï lf<ah 2'Ñka;duh [dKh( Ñka;duh `[dKh kï" iajdëk Ñka;d
l%shdldß;ajh u.ska ,nk oekquhs'
l=Uqre jevg .kak ks;ska
isáhd ug ndkla f.dka 3' Ndjkduh [dKh( Ndjkduh [dKh kï Ndjkd u.ska
tflla u,d ksß`ÿks bka ,nk Wiia yd .eUqre w;aoelSï mokï lrf.k ,nk
o¾Ykhhs'
fokak tflla lreKd fjka
;=ka jekak jQ Ndjkduh [dKh uq,a [dK folg jvd jeo.;a
tfy;a kQ.;a .eñhl= jQ mshdg rdc iNdfõ oS lshkakg nj oelafjhs' th wm ;=<ska u .eUqre iaj - m%;HË;djla jYfhka
.sh lúh jerÿfKa h' —fokak tflla lreKdfjka˜ Woa.; jkakla fyhsks' ;%súO YsËdfjys tla YsËdjla jk m%{dj
tys Wmßu idOk yd nef|a' mdrñ;djla o jk m%{dj nqÿ iufhys
fjkqjg —.kak tflla lreKdfjka˜ hs lshjqfKa h'
úuqla;sh ,eîu iu. iïnJO fjhs'
Tyq ,jd th fo;=ka j;djla lshjQj o yeu j;dfõ u
je/oaÿfõ h'

lreKq f;areï.;a rc;=ud —fyauo;a;,dg yqÕla yrla

bkakjd jf.hs˜ lshd Tyqg .jfhla ,nd ÿkafka h'
fï l;dj jod< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —,d¨odhs to;a
wkqjKfhls' woËfhls' wo;a tfiau h˜ hs fï .d:dj
o jod< fial'

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 19

 f.j,a yokakd fidhñka - ixidf¾ ieß irñka

153¡ wfklcd;s ixidrx bmos bmos ixidf¾

ikaOdúiaix wksíìix fijQ kuq;a fkljdf¾
.yldrlx .fõikaf;da ke; jvqjd yuq jQfha
ÿlaLd cd;s mqkmamqkx ^11(8& ÿlhs Wm; ixidf¾

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 f.j,a yokakd - ljqo fidhkakd
11 ^8& nqÿrÿka f.a m%:u Wodkh ^153 - 154 .d:d&

y h wjqreÿ ÿIalr l%shdfjka miq w;a;ls,u:dkq

fhda.h ksIaM, nj jgyd.;a fndai;dKka
jykafia ueÿï ms<sfj; m%.=K l< y' iqcd;djka f.a
.fõikaf;da( fidhñka"^uu&¦ wfklcd;sixidrx(
fkdfhla cd;shhs lshQ iifrys¦ wksíìix(
^.Dyldrlhd okakd ud¾.{dkh& fidhd.; fkd
lsß ms~q odkh j<\ fidFÒh nuqKd ÿka l=i ;K ñá yelsj¦ ikaOdúiaix( ießird weúoafoñ¡
wg o /f.k chisß uy fnda uevg jevu l< Wka
jykafia ;K ñá u; m<la ne| jev yqka y' th YÍrh kue;s f.h ks¾udKh lrk ld¾ñlhd
Wkajykafia f.a l=i, uysufhka wmrdð; jc%dikh fidhñka" Tyq fidhd.; fkd yelsj fï iifrys úúO
njg m;a úh' cd;sj, Wmosñka ixpdrh lf<ñ' kej; kej; bmoSu
ÿlls'
—uf.a YÍrfhys ish¿ f,a uia úhe,S f.dia ifuka
jeiqKq wegiels,a,la muKla b;sß jQj;a nqÿ ù ñi újrKh
fu;ekska fkd ke.sáñ˜ hs jev yqka Wka jykafia
udr hqoaOfhka ch ,nd iõ flf<iqka kid iïud Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska iïnqoaO;ajh ,;a m%:u WoEik l<
fuu Wodkh nqoaO;ajh ms<sn| h:d;;ajh ukrï Wmudjla
iïfndaêh ,nd .;a fial' o iys;j losug yl=¿jd olajhs' Wkajykafia ,o wdOHd;añl
Ydka;sh bka ,o m%fndaOckl wdiajdoh fuys ukdj èjks; h' os.=
/fhys m%:u hdufha oS fmr úiQ l| ms<sfj, olakd ld,Sk ixidr ixprKhlska miq fï wka;su Njfha oS Wkajykafia
kqjK o uOHu hdufha oS osín plaLq fyj;a osjeia úiska fuf;la fidhd.; fkd yels jQ ixidr ldrlhd fidhd
kqjK o" w¿hï fõf,ys wdijlaLh [dKh o ,nd .kakd ,oS" neyer isg fkdj ;ud ;=<u isg tu ;DIaKd keue;s
uejqïlre Wkajykafiag yuq úh' ;uka ;=<u mj;akd meje;au
.;a fial' flf¾ jk wdYdj - Nj ;DIaKdj fuu ks¾ud;D jrhdh' ;uka
úiska u ks¾udKh lrk ,o foa wjika l< yelafla o ;ukag u h'
wk;=rej iïud iïfndaêh ,eîfuka ;uka jykafia
;=< we;s jQ m%S;sh fya;=fjka fuu .d:d oajh Wodk .Dy ldrlhd f.a WmlrK ish,a, ì| oeuQ fyhska h<s f.hla
jYfhka m%ldY l< fial' yokakg neß nj lshd we;af;a ksjka iqj ,o nj úia;r lrkq
msKsi h' ksjka iqj ,nkakg fndai;=ka fm<eUqfKaa kej; kej;
iir bmeoSu ÿlla fyhsks' nqÿ iuh úIfhys mqk¾Nj ixl,amh
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^153 .d:dj&
flaJøshhehs mejish yelafla fï ksidh' mqk¾Njhla fkd ue;s
kï ixidrhla o ke;' ixidrhla fkdue;s kï l<lsfrkakg"
mqkmamqkx cd;s ÿlaLd .yldrlx .fõikaf;da w;yßkakg fyda ksjd,kakg fohla fkd ue;s fyhska ksj_dKhl
wfklcd;sixidrx wksíìix ikaOdúiaix wjYH;djla fkd ue;'

túg fn!oaO Ñka;kfha ia:djrh uq¿ukska u ì| jefghs' tfyhska

mqkmamqkx( kej; kej;¦ cd;s( bmoSu¦ ÿlaLd( ^hï mqk¾Njh fn!oaO Ñka;kfha w;sYhska u jeo.;a uQ,sl ms<s.ekSula
fyhlska& ÿla o¦ ^tfyhska& .yldrlx( ^wd;au fjhs' th mj;akd nj ms<s.;a miq m%dfhda.sl wNsfhda.h jkafka
keue;s& f.h idok jvqjd¦ th ke;s lr oeóu h'

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 21

 kej; w;aneõ kue;s f.h fkd lrk fia ish¨ WmlrK ^flf<ia& ì`o oud ksjka mila lsÍu¡

154¡ .yldrl osÜfGdZis jvqjdfKks" Tn fmkqKd

mqk f.yx k ldyis kej; f.hla fkd yokakd
iínd f;a Mdiqld N.a.d mrd, ál ì| oeïud
.yl+gx úiÙÅ;x leKs u~,;a ìu oeïud
úiÙLdr.;x Ñ;a;x is; ksoyia lr .;a;d
;Kaydkx LhuÊCO.d ^11(9& ;Kaydj;a bjr l<d

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 f.j,a yok nvq - fiaru l=vq l=vq
11 ^8& nqÿrÿka f.a m%:u Wodkh ^153 iy 154 .d:d&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^154 .d:dj& fuday .sks jYfhka y÷kajd we;' jrla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia
jod< y' —uyfKks" f,dalh .skafkka oefjhs' ljr .sks j,ska o
uyfKks" rd. .skafkka oefjhs" oafõI .skafkka oefjhs" fuday
.yldrl osfgGd wis mqk f.yx k ldyis f; .skafkka oefjhs' cd;s" crd" jHdê" urK" fYdal" mßfoaj" ÿlaL"
iínd Mdiqld N.a.d .yl+gx úiÙÅ;x Ñ;a;x fodukiai" Wmdhdi" .sks j,ska oefjhs' fï .sks ksùu zksíndkZ
úiÙLdr.;x ;Kaydkx Lhx wcCO.d jYfhka oelafõ' fï .sks ksùu u ksjkhs'˜

.yldrl( ^wd;au keue;s& f.h idok jvqj¦ osfgGd ksj_dKh Y=kH O¾uhla o keoao hkak fndfyda W.;=ka jdo újdo
wis( ^uúiska Tn& olakd ,oafoys¦ mqk ( kej;"^ug&¦ lrk .eg¿jls' merKs fn!oaO fmd;aj, ksj_dKh ziq[a[;dZ
jYfhka y÷kajd ;sfnk nj fuys oS ie,ls,a,g .; ukdh' fmdÿ
f.yx( ^wd;au keue;s& f.hla¦ k ldyis( fkd ck jyfrys zY=kHZ hk jpkfhka lsisjla ke; hkak wre;
idokafkys h¦ f;( Tn f.a¦ iínd( ish¨¦ Mdiqld( .efkhs' tfy;a od¾Yksl jHjydrfhys Y=kH hk jpkh Bg jvd
^flf,ia kue;s& mrd,¦ N.a.d( ì`o ouk ,oS¦ ishqï wre;lska Ndú; fjhs' od¾Yksl jyfrys oS wdldYh o Y=kH
.yl+gx( .Dyl+gh ^leKs u~,&¦ úiÙÅ;x( ^m<d& f,i ye¢ka fõ' wdldY kï lsisu jia;=jlska f;dr zbvlvZ h'
úiqrejk ,oS¦ Ñ;a;x( ^udf.a& is;¦ úiÙLdr.;x( th ke;ehs lSu jeros h' th Y=kH jkafka fjk;a jia;=ka f.ka
f;dr ksidh' ksj_dKh o cd;s" crd" urK" ixLHd; il, úO
ksjKg jk¦ ;Kaydkx Lhx( ;DIaKdËhg fyj;a ÿlaLhkaf.ka u f;dr ksid Y+kH h' tfy;a —ksjKla ke;˜ hk
w¾y;aM,hg¦ wÊCO.d( meñKsfhñ¡ jdlHh jeros h' ksjK we;' Y+kH hkafkka ke;s fohla hk wre;
fkd ,efí'
wd;au keue;s f.h idok jvqj" uúiska Tn olakd ,os¡
Tn kej; ug f.hla fkd idokafkys h¡ uu flf,ia fï .d:d fol wh;a jkafka fn!oaO idys;Hdx.hla jQ Wodk
.Khg h' kjx. i;a:qidikfhys Wodk .Khg we;=<;a .d:d
kue;s ish¨ mrd, ì`o oeuqfjñ¡ leKs u~, úkdY tla /ia lr we;af;a Lqoaol ksldhg wh;a Wodk kï .%J:fha h'
lf<ñ¡ udf.a is; ksjKg jegysKs¡ ;DIaKdËhg tys o we;=<;a fï .d:d hq.auh Oïumohg we;=<;a jQfha miq
fyj;a w¾y;aM,hg uu meñKsfha fjñ¡ lf,l wdkkao ia:úrhka jykafia f.a úuiqula mßos Wkajykafiag
l< foaYkhla fyhsks'
újrKh

;Kaydkx Lh uÊCO.d( ks¾jdKh .ek ks¾jpk olajk úg

;DIaKdj Ëh lsÍu ks¾jdKh nj mejiSu iq,n h' iir kej;
kej; bmoSfï fya;=j ;DIaKdj fyhska th Ëh lsÍu ks¾jdKh
fjhs'

iqfïO ;dmij Wmka iufhys fndai;=ka fufia is;+ nj

cd;lÜGl:dfjys i|yka lr we;'

—ÿlla ;sfí kï - iem;a ;sìh hq;=

iirla we;akï - ñÿula úh hq;=

WKqiqu we;akï - isis,la úh hq;=

;=ka .sks we;s f,i - ksjK ;sìh hq;=

krl ;sfnk úg - fyd|;a ;sìh hq;=

;snqKg iirla - th fkdme;sh hq;=˜

zksíndKZ hk md,s jpkh ^isxy, yd ixialD; NdId j,ska

ks¾jdK& ks¾udKh ù we;af;a zksZ mQ¾j zjdKZ hkafkks' zksZ hk
ksfIaOkd¾:fha Wmi¾.hls¡ zjdKZ hkafkys wre; f.;Su fyj;a
;DIaKdj hkakhs¡ fuu ;DIaKdj tla ckauhla yd ;j;a ckauhla
w;r nkaOkhla fia l%shd lrhs¡ zjdKZ ku jQ ;DIaKdfjka fjka
ùu - bj;a ùu hk wre;ska thg zksíndKZ hehs lshkq ,efí¡

hul= ;=< ;DIaKdj we;s ;dla l,a Tyq lu_ /ia lrhs' mqKH yd
mdm hk foj._h u lu_ .Khg jefghs' meje;au flf¾ wdYdjla
we;af;da u;= ckauhka i|yd lu_ tla /ia lr;s' ;DIaKdj Ëh
l< W;=uka lu_ /ia fkd lrk fyhska ksj_dKhg zlïulaLhZ hk
jpkh o fhosh yel'

ksj_dKh f,daN" fodai yd fuday hk ;%súO laf,aYhka

uQf,da;amdgkh jYfhka o y÷kajkq ,efí' fï f,daN" fodai yd

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 23

 fhdjqka úhe l<hq;= oE ksis fia fkd l<yq uy¨ jhig meñK miq ;efj;a¡

155¡ wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx nUir yeisfrkafkaj;a - iïm;a Wmhkafka j;a

w,oaOd fhdínfk Okx ke;sj kslrefKaau jf.a
ðKaKfld[apd j COdhka;s fhdjqka úh f.jd oeïfud;a
ÇK uÉfPZj m,a,f, ^11(10& kshx l,g uiqka ke;sj
fõ¨Kq ú,a f;rlg m;a
fldiajd ,sysKshka jf.a
wirKhka ù je, fm;a'

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 uy¿ jhi - ,nk whi
11 ^9& uyOk isgq mq;%hd f.a l:dj ^155 iy 156 .d:d&

b ism;kfhys jev isá iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

fï .d:d foaYkd lr jodf<a uyOk isgq mq;= ksñ;s
lshñka uqo,a kdia;s lsÍug mqreÿ úh' wiQ fl<la
Okh blauKska u kdia;s ù .sfha h' wk;=rej ìß|
lr f.k h' f.a Okh o kdia;s lr ksu lf<a h' úhoug uqo,a
ke;s ;ek ksjfiys ish¿ NdKav úl=Kñka úfkdao jQ
uyOk Wmkafka nrKeia kqjr wiQ fldaáhla Okh fya wka;sfï isgq ueÿr o úl=Kd oeïfï h' th ñ<oS
;snqKq isgq mjq,l h' Tyq f.a uj iy mshd fufia l;d .;af;da Tyq uy uÕg weo oeuQ y' iqrd mdkh i|ydu
lr .;a y' —wmsg wiQ fl<la Okh ;sfhkjd' b;ska tla jQ ys; ñ;=frda oeka fudyqf.ka m,la ke;ehs Tyq
wfma mq;dg ;j;a i,a,s fydhkak ´k fjkafka kE' wu;l lr oeuQ y'
;sfhk foa ld,d we|,d i;=fgka bkak mq`Mjka¡˜ ta ksid
Tjqka Tyqg jD;a;shla i|yd wod< lsisjla kQ.kajd újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^155 .d:dj&
ix.S;h yd .dhkh muKla m%.=K lrjQ y'
fhdínfka n%yaupßhx wpß;ajd Okx w,oaOd Çk
fï k.rfha u wiQ fl<la Okh ;snqKq ;j;a isgq uÉfP m,a,f, ðKaKfld[apd bj COdhka;s
mjq,la úh' ta mjq,g isáfha oshKshla muKs' ta mjqf,a
foudmsfhda o ;ukag hi biqfrka wvqjla fkdjQ fyhska fhdínfka( fhdjqka úfha oS¦ n%yaupßhx( nUir¦
oshKshg wOHdmkhla ,nd fkdÿka y' wehg .dhkh wpß;ajd( fkd yeisͦ Okx( Okh¦ w,oaOd(
yd rx.kh m%.=K lrjQ y' fï mjq,a fol Wkqkqka fkd Wmhd¦ Çk uÉfP( uiqka ke;s¦ m,a,f,( ú,l
okakd fyhska orejka jeä úh m;a miq Tjqyq Tjqka ^uvmsg ys| ;efjk&¦ ðKaKfld[apd bj( uy¨
újdy lrjQ y' fldiajd ,sysKshka fuka¦ COdhka;s( fYdal lr;s'

foudmshka ñh .sh miq fï hqj,g wiQ fldaáh ne.ska ;reK jhfia oS meúosj nUir;a fkd /l" kQmka
jQ Ok iïNdr follg ysñlï lSfï Nd.Hh Wod úh' fNda. Wmojkakg;a" Wmka fNda. rlakg;a" ksis
Tyq f.a hi biqre ÿgq k.rfha iqrd f,da,fhda fu;=ud fhdjqka úfha§ f.dúlï fj<|lï wdÈh fldg Okh;a
îug mqreÿ lr .; fyd;a wmg ch uÕ=,a hehs l;d ,en fkd f.k" m%ud§ jQ w{dkfhda uiqka ksu jQ osh
lr f.k Tyq Bg kud .kakg l=uka;%Kh l< y' ys÷kq fmdl=Kl n,d isák uy¨ fldiajd ,sysKshl=
ta wkqj oskla Tjqyq uia neo" w, ;ïnd f.k iqrd ú; fuka fYdal lrhs'
we;sj isgq;=ud tk uÕ /l isg Tyq tk úg u uia yd
w, lñka rd fndñka —os>_dhq fõjd isgq;=uks" Tn ;=udg
mska isÿ jkakg wms;a ld,d î,d úfkdafoka bkakjd˜
hs y~kÕd lS y' —Tjqka uy;a úfkdaofhka fndkafka
fudkjdoe˜ hs isgq;=ud ;u fiajlhd f.ka úuiS h'
—iqrd j._hls˜ hs ms<s;=re ,o fya —th fudk jf.a îula
oe˜ hs úuiSh' —isgq;=uks" th b;d losu îuls' fndkjd
kï fndkak fyd| rij;a îuls˜ hs fiajl f;u th
jK_kd lf<a h' tfia kï ud;a th mdkh l< hq;=hehs
lS fyf;u iqrd f.kajd f.k mdkh lf<a h'

iq¿fjka mgka .;a;o fyf;u l%ufhka Bg weíneys

ù oskm;d uyd mßudKfhka îug mqreÿ úh'
ta oek.;a k.rfha iqrdOQ¾;fhda l%ufhka Tyq yd
ñ;=re jQ y' isgq jrhd o Tjqka f.org f.kajd f.k
oskm;d úYd, uqo,la jeh lrñka ;ukq;a î wkqkag;a
iqrdfjka ix.%y lrkakg mgka .;af;ah' oskm;d
Tyqg w¿f;ka iqrd OQ¾;fhda tl;= jQy'

iqrdmdkhg muKla fkdj ñ< uqo,a kdia;s lsÍug o

fyf;u mqreÿ úh' îu;a jQ úg rka ldis f.dvj,a
foñka iqj| ú,jqka f.fkj" u,a f.fkj" wdoS
jYfhka uqo,a fohs' —fuhd iQÿjg oËhs fuhdg odyla
fokjd' fuhd kgkak ymkd' fuhdg odyla fokjd'
fuhd oË jdolhd' fuhdg foodyla fokjd˜ wdosh
tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 25
 ;reK l, mska fkdl< wh l< oE isysfldg uy¨ l, iqiqï,ñka fidúka fydú;¡

156¡ wpß;ajd n%yaupßhx nUir yeisfrkafkaj;a - iïm;a Wmhkafka j;a

w,oaOd fhdínfk Okx ke;sj kslrefKau jf.a
fika;s pdmd;sÇkdZj fhdjqka úh f.jd oeïfud;a
mqrdKdks wkq;a:qkx ^11(11& jevlg .; fkd yels mrK
B;,hla jf.a fjñka
je<fm;s ÿla fj;s uy¿j
fmr iïm;a isys lrñka

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 w;S; iïm;a - isyslr je,fm;a
11 ^9& uyOk isgq m;%hd f.a l:dj ^155 iy 156 .d:d&

Ô j;a jkakg l%uhla ke;s ;ek isgqjrhd iy ìß|

ln,la o w;g f.k isÕd lkakg mgka .;a y'
wkqka f.a w.= ms,aj, ksod .kakg isÿ úh' l=Kq l+v
fhdjqka úfhaoS meúos Ôú;hl=;a .; fkd lr" ñ,
uqo,a bmehSul=;a fkd lrk wh ÿkafkka bj;g ùis
lrk ,o B;, fuka merKs foa .ek u;la lrñka
j,g ouk b÷,a n;a mjd lkakg mqreÿ úh' b|ysg je,fm;s'
fyf;u wdrduhg o f.dia md;%j, b;sßj bj; ouk
b÷,a n;a b,a,d f.k wkqNj lrhs' oskla idufKar újrKh
ysñjreka úiska bj; oukq ,nk b;sß n;a b,a,d tl;=
lr .;akd Tyq ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag iskd my< fï .d:djka f.ka ;u Ôú;fha jákd iuh wmf;a hjd miqj ÿlg
m;ajkakjqka f.a ;;aFjh ukdj ú.%y lrkq ,efí' fuys olajd
úh' ta ÿgq wdkkao f;rKqfjda —Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" Tn we;s fldiajd ,sysKshd f.a Wmudj losug is;a .kshs' wdydr ,nd
jykafia iskd my< lf<a ljr fyhska oe˜hs úuiQfhka .kakg we;s fmdl=fKa u;aiHhka ksu j f.disks' tfy;a uy¿
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï isgq;=ud f.a mqj_ p¾hdj yd fldiajd ,sysKshdg fjk;a uiqka msß fmdl=Klg mshUd hkakg o
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jod< y'
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iuÕ uy uÕ isÕd hhs' fï mqoa.,hd ;u ;=reKq
fï .d:d folska nqÿrÿka ukqIH j¾.hdg fok mKsjqvh kï" ks;r
úfha oS kqjKska jev fldg jHdmdßl lghq;= j,
u wkd.;h .ek is;ñka j;auka fudfydf;ka Wmßu M, fk,d
fhÿfKa kï Tyqg fï k.rfha m%Odk isgqjrhd jkakg .; hq;= nj h' fh!jkh b;d blaukska f.ù hhs' ;sín;Sh fn!oaO
yelshdj ;sìK' lùkaø ñ,f¾id ,shQ my; oelafjk .S;h fï .d:dj,g wgqjdjla
jekak'
tiufhys Tyq meúos jQfha kï ry;a jkakg Nd.Hh
—msms l=iquls fhdjqka úh .sïydkhl
;sìKs' Tyq f.a ìß|g o wkd.dó jkakg yelshdj
mrù jefgkq we; ´kEu fudfyd;l
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lghq;= j, fhÿfka kï" fï k.rfha fojk isgdKka ths Tn mduq,g .skso¿ hï ieKl˜
jkakg yelshdj ;snqfKa h' meúos jQfha kï Tyqg
wkd.dó M,h;a ìß|g ilDod.dó M,h;a ,nkakg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jrla fufia jod<y'
yelshdj ;snqfKah' Ôú;fha ;=kajk hdufhys Tyq
—Wm; yd úm;
jHdmdßl lghq;= .ek Wkkaÿ ù" kdia;sldr Ndjfhka ysre Wodjhs ysre neiauhs jf.hs
bj;aj kqjKska l%shd l<dkï k.rfha ;=kajk isgdKka fï tkjd - fï hkjd
jkafka Tyq h' fkd tfiaj Tyq meúos jQjd kï" Tyqg
ilDod.dó M,h;a ìß|g fidajdka M,h;a ysñjkafka ;=jd, jqkq mqxÑ l=re,af,la
jf.hs fka o f,v ÿlaæ
h' tfy;a oeka ta ish,a, jrojd f.k uy uÕ
Tfn;a Yla;sh - wdfrda.Hh
ysÕd lkafka h' w.dßl iïm;ska fukau wk.dßl ke;sj hd yel - ,Õu fudfyd;l
iïm;ska o msßyqkq Tyq úh,S .sh uiqka ke;s fmdl=Kla
wi< isák fldiajd ,sysKshl= jeksh' Ndú;hg
.; fkdyelsj bj; oeuQ B;,hla jeksh˜ hs jod<
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d hq.auh o jod<y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^156 .d:dj&

fhdínfk n%yaupßhx wpß;ajd" Okx w,oaOd pdmd

w;sÇKd bj mqrdKdks wkq;a:qkx fika;s

fhdínfk( fhdjqka úfhys oS¦ n%yaupßhx( nUir¦

wpß;ajd( fkd yeisr¦ Okx w,oaOd( Okh Wmhd fkd
f.k¦ pdmd( ÿkafkka¦ w;sÇKd bj( úÈkd ,o B;,
fuka¦ mqrdKdks( fmr l< foaj,a¦ ^fmr l< lEu
îu kegqï .ehqï wdÈhg& wkq;a:qkx( u;la lrñka¦
fika;s( je,fm;s¡

tfldf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( crd j.. 27

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

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Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
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úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
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mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

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î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
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iydh
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Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ish w;a nej ;udg ßis kï ta w;aneõ ;=ka jhiays u neÍ kï tl jhiloS j;a iq/ls l<hq;=¡

157¡ w;a;dkx fp mshx c[a[d ;ukaj m%sh kï ;ukag

rlafLhH kx iqrlaÅ;x ys;kak fyd| yeá rlskag
;sKaKx w[a[;rx hdux ;=ka hdfuka tla hulg
mác.af.hH mKaäf;d ^12(1& j;a hï .=Khla mqrkag

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 rls;a ;uka - ks;s uekúka
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fNa il,d jkfhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

fndaêrdc l=udrhd wern fï .d:dj foaYkd
l< fial'
újrKh

z;ud f.a wd;auh ;ud u /l .kakZ hk wjjdoh nqÿ oyfuys

wdpdr úoHd;aul ia:djrh ukdj meyeos,s lrkakls' fuys zwd;auZ
hkak n%dyauKsl yskaÿ Ñka;kfha oelafjkakla fuka wê fN!;sl
jrla fndaêrdc l=udr f;u w;sYhska ufkdaruH ixl,amhla fkdj ;ud f.a iajNdjh úIfhys fhfok iïuq;s
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md msiakd mshú,s u; fkd jäkakg fya;= ljf¾oe˜hs fok .==rejrfhla muKs' fn!oaOhka ;u Ydia;Dka jykafia flf¾
úuiSh¡ l=udrhd yd Tyq f.a ìß| fmr ckauhl mj;ajk Y%oaOdj frda.shl= ffjoHjrhl= flf¾ we;s lr.kakd
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orejka ,nkakg Nd.Hh ke;s fyhska nj Wkajykafia
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jykafia ;ukag ;u Ôú;h m%sh fukau yeu fokgu
th m%sh nj jodrd" ;ud f.a Ôú;h ;udg m%sh kï"
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wkqYdikd lr fï .d:dj o jod< fial'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^157 .d:dj&

fp w;a;dkx mshx c[a[d kx iqrlaÅ;x rlafLhH

mKaäf;d ;sKaKx w[a[;rx hdux mác.af.hH

fp( bÈka¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ mshx( ^;u yg&m%sh

hhs¦ c[a[d( okafka kï¦ ;x( ta ;ud¦ iqrlaÅ;x(
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jvkafka h'

;ukag ;u wd;auh m%sh kï th ukdj /l .; hq;=

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fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 7

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158¡ w;a;dkfuj mGux uq,ska ;ud yeoS miqj

m;srEfma ksfjifha wkqkag fo; fyd;a Tjoka
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8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

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fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

YdlH jxYfhka meúos jQ Wmkkao kï ysñku
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mGux w;a;dkx tj m;srEfm ksfjifh w: w[a[x

wern fï .d:dj jod< fial'
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fkd lr;s' tajd oeä ;DIaKdfjka tla /ia lr ;nd wkHkag wjjdodkqYdikd lrkakyq úiska m<uq fldg
.ks;s' ukd .=Kfhka ;ud u .=Kj;a úh hq;=hs¡ bka miq
wkqkag wkqYdikd l< hq;=hs¡ tfia lrk kqjKe;a;d
jrla jia iudoka jk oskhg lsÜgqj Wmkkao wkqkaf.ka m%Yxid ,nhs¡ kskaod fkd,nhs¡
ysñfhda .ïno wdrduhlg .sh y' Wkajykafia
f.a Ou_foaYkd pd;=hH_fhka m%ikak jQ ;reK ysñ újrKh
kula tu úydria:dkfhys jia jikakg t;=ukag
mGux w;a;dkx tj( zuq,ska ;ud yslafukak" wk;=rej wkqkag
wdrdOkh l< y' jia jik NsËQka jykafia,dg
wkqYdikd lrkakZ hkafkka foaYlhd f.a úYajdikSh;ajh ;yjqre
idudkHfhka odhlhka isjqre lSh ne.ska fokjdoehs lrkakg u.la myohs' hïlsis mqoa.,hl= ;ud wkqkag foaYkd
Wkajykafia úuiQ y' —tl kulg tl isjqr ne.ska˜ lrk Ou_h ;uka wkq.ukh fkd lrkafka kï Y%djlfhda Tyq
hs ms<s;=re ,eìK' ta weiQ Wkajykafia ;u mdjyka úYajdi fkd lr;s' tn÷ wdo¾Yhka fkdoS wjjdohka muKla
iÕ, tys ;nd fjk;a wdrduhlg .sh y' tysoS o fokakkag ck iudch zjeosnK foikafkdaZ hs wjuka lr;s' ;j;a
Wmudjla f,i ll=¿ uj o olaj;s' ;ud yryg .uka lrñka
jia wdrdOkhla ,enqfKd;a tl kulg isjqre lShla
fl<ska .uka lrkakehs orejkg wjjdo lrk ujla fia ll=¿ uj
,efíoehs wid folla ,efn;ehs mejiQfhka ;u olajñka ;ud wkq.ukh fkd lrk nK wkqkag foaYkd lrkakkag
yerñáh tys ;nd fjk;a wdrduhlg .sfha h' th tla wjuka lr;s'
kulg isjqre ;=k ne.ska ,efnk ;ekls' tys fya ;u
osh n÷k ^vnrdj& ;eî h' wk;=rej ;j;a wdrduhlg ;ud uf~ys .s,S isáñka wkqka uf~ka f.dv .kakg is;Su uq,djla
nj olajk Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia m<uqj ;ud f.dvg wjq;a ta
.sh úg tys tl kulg isjqre y;r ne.ska ,efnk
w;aoelSï u; msysgd wkqkag Wojq l< hq;= nj olaj;s' tfia u
nj wid tys jia úiS h' hïlsis NsËqkula ;uka ms<s fkd mosk Ou_h yqfola msßlr wdoS
hula n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka wkHhkg foaYkd lrñka weúoskafka kï
jia ld,h wjidkfha ;ukag ysñ isjqre y;r ks.%yhg ,la fjhs'
,nd.;a Wmkkao ysñfhda wks;a wdrdu ;=kg f.dia
m;srEfm ksfjifh( iqÿiq .=Kfhys msysgqùuh¡ mia múka yd oi
;uka tajdfha ;u mdjyka" ierháh yd vnrdj
wl=i,ska je<lSu" ,dNhg .scq fkdùu" w.;shg fkd ne£u"
;enQ nj mjid isjqre fldgi b,a,d .;af;a h' ta ikaiqka mej;=ï" hym;a jpk Ndú;h" hk .=Khka msysgqùuhs¡
isjqre lr;a;hl mgjd f.k ;u wdrduh n,d tk
w;ru. ;reK ysñ fokula isjqre folla yd ú,a¨o
fmdfrdakhla fnod .kakg neßj újdo lrkq ÿgqfõ
h' Tjqyq ;u w¾nqoh úi|d fok f,i Wmkkao
ysñhkaf.ka b,a,d isáhy¡ isjqre fol ta foku w;r
fndod oS" fnÿï .dia;=j jYfhka ú,aÆo fmdfrdakh
;uka ysñ lr.;af;a h'

;reK ysñ foku úksYaph .ek i;=gq fkd jQ kuq;a

l< yelsfohla fkd ùh' tfyhska TjQyq Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia yuq ù ;u meñKs,a, bosßm;a l< y'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wkqkag wjjdo lrkakg fmr
;uka YsËKh ù tfia l< hq;= nj foaYkd lr fï
.d:dj jod< y'

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 9

 ;ud ukd j oukh ù wkqka oukh l<hq;=' ;ud ^-is;& oukh lsÍu b;d wudre h¡

159¡ w;a;dkx fp ;:d lhsrd wkqkag hï f,i Wmfoia fokafka

h:[a[ukqidi;s kï ta f,i ;ukqÿ yeisfrkafka
iqokaf;d j; oïfu: ;uka ye§ wka who yokafka
w;a;dys lsr ÿoaofud ^12(3& ;uka ye§uh wmyiq jkafka

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wkqYdikhg fmr wdo¾Yh
12 ^3& mOdksl;siai f;rekaf.a j; ^.d:d 159&

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ieje;a kqjr foõrï fjfyr

jev jiñka fï .d:d O¾uh mOdksl ;siai
h:d( hï fia¦ w[a[x( wkHhdg¦ wkqidi;s(
wkqYdikd flf¾ o¦ fp( bÈka¦ w;a;dkx( ;ud¦ ;:d(
f;reka wrnhd foiQ fial¡ tfia¦ lhsrd( ^ms<sfj;a ire& lrkafka kï¦ j;(
taldka;fhka¦ iqokaf;d( ukdj ±uqkq ;eke;af;a¦
mOdksl ;siai f;reka jykafia nqÿrÿka yuqù ^wkqka& oïfu:( oukh lrkafka h¦ w;a;d ys
Ndjkdjg iqÿiq lugyka f.k uy;a NsCIq msßila o lsr( ;ud jkdys¦ ÿoaofud( oukh lsÍu ÿIalr hs¦
iu. Ndjkd lghq;= i|yd wdrKH .; jQy¡ tys§ ^tfyhska th ukd fia ±ñh hq;=hs¡&
fuu f;reka jykafia wfkla NsCIQkag Ndjkd lghq;=
úIfhys isysfhka hqla;j wm%ud§j lghq;= lrkakehs wkqkag wjjdo wkqYdikd fok mßoafoka u ;ud o
wjjdo ÿkay¡ tfy;a f;fï milg ù lsis;a Ndjkdjla tu wjjdofhys msysgd l%shd l< hq;=h¡ ukdj ±uqkq
fkdfldg ksod .;ay¡ wfkla ;reK NsCIQyq ,enqKq ;eke;af;au wkqka oukh lrkafka h¡ ;ud oukh
wkqYdikd wkqj Ndjkdfjys is; fhdud rd;%sfhys lsÍu we;af;ka u fnfyúka ÿIalrh¡
m%:u hduh .; jQ úg hyka .; ùug ieriqky¡
túg mOdksl;siai NsCIqj wjÈj wfkla NsCIQkag újrKh
h<s;a Ndjkd m%.=K lsÍu i|yd msg;aj hdug wjjdo
l<y¡ rd;%sfhys fojeks f;jeks hduhkays tu NsCIQka w;a;dkx ;:d lhsrd( wkqkag fï fï f,i yeisßh hq;=hhs wjjdo
wkqYdikd lsÍu¡ ;uka wjjdo wkqYdikhka ys fkdmsysgd wkqkag
ksod .ekSu i|yd meñKs úg o mOdksl ;siai f;reka wjjdo lrkakkag nqÿka jykafia fok WmfoaYh kï —;ud m<uqj
jykafia tu NsCIQkag tf,iska u mejiQy¡ wdo¾Yfhys msysgkak¡ bka miqj tfia l%shd lsÍug wkqkag wjjdo
Wmfoia fokak¡˜
mOdksl ;siai f;reka ks;ru fufia l%shd lrk
úg fiiq ;reK NsCIQka jykafia,d f.a ukig nqÿrcdKka jykafia hf:dla; wdl,amh wjOdrKh lsÍug
f,dalfha isá Wiiau fhda.H;u mqoa.,hdhs¡ nqÿrcdKka jykafia
wiajeis,a,la fkdùh¡ fï ksidu Tjqkg uki tlÕ ksn|ju iEu W;=ï .=K O¾uhlu fY%aIaG;u wdo¾Yh jQy¡ nqÿka
fldg Ndjkd lghq;=j, fh§ug fkdyels úh¡ Èkla jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùfï isg mßks¾jdKh f;la jQ wjqreÿ
Tjqkag ;u weÿrejrhd" Tyq wkqkag lshk f,iu i;<sia my mqrd ld,h .; lf<a wkqkaf.a u hym; i|ydh¡
wk,iaj Ndjkdfjys fhfoa±hs úuid ne,Sug woyia ;uka jykafia ish¨ .=K O¾uhkaf.a uqyql=rd hdula jQ neúka
úh¡ tfia úuiSfï § Tjqkag olakg ,enqfka ;u wkqkag wkqYdikd lsÍfuys fhda.H;ajhg m;aj isáhy¡ nqÿrcdKka
jykafia we;eï úg ;ksju o we;eï úg Y%djl msßia iu. o
wdpd¾h mOdksl ;siai f;reka ;ukag wjjdo l< ;ekska ;ekg hñka f,dl=" l=vd" Wiia" my;a" Okj;a" ÿmam;a"
o" Tyq tu wjjdofhys msysgd l%shd fkdlrk nj;a" kqjKe;s" kqjKu| jYfhka lsisÿ fNaohla fkd;ld iuia; udkj
Ndjkdfjys fkdfh§ fndfyda úg kskafoys fhfoñka j¾.hdgu ;u O¾udkqYdikhkaf.ka Wodr fufyhla isÿ l<
l=iS;j isák nj;a h¡ mOdksl ;siai f;rekaf.a fial¡
wjjdo wkqYdikd u; fndfyda l,la ksÈj¾ð;j isá
iqÿiq foh ;udu l< hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia wjOdrkh l<
tu ;reK NsCIQka fndfyda fofkla frda.d;+r jQy¡ fial¡ Wka jykafia lsis úfgl ;u foaYkhkag muKla iSud fkdjQ
tfyhska u Ndjkdfjka lsisÿ m%fhdackhla .ekSug o y¡ Wka jykafia m%dfhda.sl;ajhg wdo¾Yhla jQy¡ ;uka jykafia
fkd yels úh¡ m;a jQ nqoaO;ajh ta i|yd wod< l%shd ud¾.h imqrkafka kï ´kEu
flfkl=g újD; nj jod< tlu Ydia;Djrhd nqÿka jykafiah¡
jiaidk ld,h wjika fj;a u NsCIQyq kej; nqÿka Wka jykafia yeu úglu Y%djlhka Wkkaÿ lf<a m;a úh yels
Wiiau wdOHd;añl ;;ajhg m;aj Ôú;hl W;a;ud¾:h w;am;a
yuqjg meñKshy¡ ms<si|r l:dj,ska miq nqÿka lr .kakd f,ih¡ uyd lreKdfjka yd uyd m%{dfjka mßmQ¾K jQ
jykafia" —uyfKks" flfia o Ndjkd lghq;= wm%ud§j Wka jykafia iuia; udkj j¾.hd ixidr ÿlaLfhka bj;a fldg
l<dyq±˜hs úuiQ fial¡ túg NsCIQyq ish¨ l;d mqj; wud uy ksjka iqjhg meñKsùug iajlSh ld,h yd Y%uh jpkfha
ie< l<dyqh¡ mßmQ¾K w¾:fhkau lemj l%shd l< fial¡

túg nqÿrcdKka jykafia —uyfKks" hfula wkqkg

wkqYdikh lrkafka kï ta wkqYdikh mßoafoka l%shd
l< hq;=h¡ ;ud m<uqj iqÿiq ia:dkfhys msysgd wkqkg
Tjd Èh hq;=˜hs m%ldY l< fial¡

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^159 .d:dj&

^h:[a[ukqidi;s& h:d w[a[x wkqidi;s fp

w;a;dkx ;:d lhsrd j; iqokaf;d oïfu: w;a;d ys
lsr ÿoaofud

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 11

 ukd fia ;ud oukh l< ;eke;a;d ÿl fia ,eìh hq;= msysg ^f,dõ;=rd iem& ,nhs

160¡ w;a;dys w;a;fkd kdf:d ;ukag ;uduhs msysgg isákafka

fldys kdf:d mfrd ishd fjk ljqreo ;uka msysgg isákafka
w;a;dkdj iqokaf;ak ;uka ukd f,i oukh lrkafka
kd:x ,N;s ÿ,a,Nx ^12(4& túghs W;=ï jQ msysgla ,efnkafka

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ;uka ysig ;u w;uh
12 ^4& l=udr liaim ud;djf.a m%jD;a;sh ^160 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

l=udrliaim f;reka f.a uEKshka wrnhd fï
f;rKqjks˜ hs y~ .iñka l`ÿ¿ msß fk;ska
Wkajykafia fj; osj wdy' f;rKqfjda o weh oel
.d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial' —ud oeka ldreKsl f,i l;d l<fyd;a f;rKshf.a
wkd.;hg th hym;la fkd fõ' weh ;=<
jrla tla újdyl fhdjqka l;la meúos jkakg ieñhd odrliafkayh rc lrkakg .shfyd;a ud._ M,dê.uhg
f.ka wjir b,a,d isáhd h' wjir ,;a ´ foajo;a; th ndOdfjhs' tfyhska f;;ukhla fkd olajñ˜hs
mdËsl NsËQKSka f.a wdrduhg f.dia meúoao ,nd is;d ;oska l;d l< y'
.;a;d h'
—f;rKsh nqÿ iiafkys meúosj isg;a ore fifkyhj;a
fï ;reKsh meúos jkakg fmr .eí f.k isáhd h' ÿr ,kakg wiu;a o@˜ hs úuiQ y' —uf.a mq;d ug
weh meúos jQfha th fkd oekh' tfy;a udi lSmhla kmqrelï fkd lrkq we;˜ hs is;+ NsËqKsh —mq;Kqjks"
hk úg .en fudarñka msg;g fmfkkakg mgka .;s' Tn l=ula o lSfõ@˜ hs h<s m%Yak l<d h' f;ryq o
NsËqKSyq ta nj foõo;a f;rekg oekqï ÿka y' weh fmr fiau ;oska l;d l< y' ta weiQ f;rKsh —fudyq
jydu isjqre .,jd .sys f.org fkrmd yßk fia fjkqfjka uu fodf<dia wjqreoaola l`ÿ¿ îfjñ' kuq;a
wK lf<a h' tfy;a Bg wleue;s jQ ´ —ug foõo;a fya ug kmqre niska l;d lrh¡s orejka flf¾ we¿ï
,Õ meúos jkakg Wjukdjla fkd úh' ud meúos jQfha lsÍfuka we;s M,h l=ula o@˜ hs is;d orejd flf¾ jQ
nqÿrÿka fjkqfjks' Tn ud foajo;a;f.a Y%dúldjla we,au yer njqka jvd tosku ry;a jQ jdh'
lr we;af;a jeroSulsks' uu isjqre yer fkd hñ' ud
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj; f.k hkak˜ hs ´ mejiQjd tmj;a weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsËQka wu;d
h' fufia mejiQ ´ fÊ;jkdrduhg f.dia Nd.Hj;=ka —uyfKks" ljr wê.uhla ,nkakg jqjo ;udg
jykafia yuq úh' ;ud muKla u irK nj f;reï .; ukdh˜ hs fï
foaYkdj lr jod< fial'
weh .eí .;af;a meúosjkakg fmr nj nqÿ weiska
o;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia weh f.a wysxil;ajh ;uka újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^160 .d:dj&
úiska fmkajd fokq fjkqjg úêu;a lñgqjla ,jd th
lrjkakg is;+ y' nqÿka jykafia mfiakoS fldfid,a w;a;fkd w;a;d ys kdf:d mfrd fld ys kdf:d ishd
rc" wfkams~q isgq;=ud" úidld Wmdisldj" we;=¿ iqokaf;k w;a;kd tj ÿ,a,Nx kd:x ,N;s
msßila le|jQ y' Wmd,s uy ry;ka jykafiag fuu
ldhH_h fufyhùu mejrE y' w;a;fkd( ;ud yg¦ w;a;d ys( ;ud u¦ kdf:d( msysg¦
^fjhs& mfrd( wkH jQ¦ fld ys( ljfrla kï¦ kdf:d(
lñgqfõ fufyhqu mßos úidldj weh ;srhlska ^;u yg& msysgla¦ isshd( jkafka o@¦ iqokaf;k(
wdjrKh jQ ;eklg f.k f.dia mßËd l<d h' ukdj ±uqkd jQ¦ w;a;kd tj( ;ud úiska u¦ ÿ,a,Nx(
uekúka lreKq ú.%y l< ´ f;dfuda NsËqKsh .eí ,eîug ÿIalr¦ kd:x ,N;s( ^w¾y;aM, kue;s&
.;af;a meúos jkakg fmr nj Wmd,s f;rekg jd¾;d msysg ,nhs'
l< y' Wkajykafia meñK isá msßig ta nj oekqï oS"
ta wkqj weh f.a Ys,hg ydkshla ù ke;s nj m%ldYhg ;udg msysg ;uduh' ;udg fjk ljfrla msysg fõ
m;a l< y' o@ ;ud ukdj yslaujd .;a úg ÿ¾,N jQ w¾y;aM,
kue;s msysg ,eìh yel'
ksis l,g f;rKsh mq;a l=url= ìys l<d h' orejd
yod jvd .ekSu ndr .;a mfiakoS rcf;u Tyqg újrKh
l=udrliaim hk ku fhoS h' y;a jia jQ miq ;u uj
NsËqKshl nj weiQ orejd ;uka o meúos ùug leu;s l=udrliaim f;rKqfjda ÿ¾,N.kfha W;=fula jQ y' nqÿ iiafka
úÑ;% Ou_ lÓlhka w;r w.%ia:dkh ,oafoa Wkajykafia h'
nj lshd isáfha h' meúos ù l,lg miq nqÿrÿkaf.
ka lu_ia:dk ,nd jk.; jQ l=udrliaim f;rKqfjda jhi wjqreÿ yf;a oS l=udrliaim meúos jQfha rc;=udf.a wkque;sh
Ndjkd fldg ry;a nj ,enQ y' ry;a jQ miqj o ;j;a ,nd .ksñks' Wkajykafia meúosj .sfha wkaO jkhgh' tysoS
fodf<dia jirla jk.;j úiQ y' Wkajykafia f.a ;=Uila Wmud lr foiQ iQ;%hg ijka oSfuka ksjka iqj ,;a y'
uj ta fodf<dia jir mqrdu mq;Kqjka oel .ekSfï
mÿuq;a;r nqÿrÿka f.a ld,fhys l< m%d¾:kdjla iuDoaO ùfuka
wdYdfjka úiQ y' Wkajykafia úÑ;% lÒlhka w;r w.;eka m;a jQ y'

fodf<dia jirlg miq k.rhg meñKs l=udrliaim

f;reka ÿgq uj —mq;kqjks" l=udrliaim ud mq;a
fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 13
 ;ud u l< ;ud flfrka Wmka ;udf.ka u yg .;a;d jq mj ta wkqjKhd oreKq fia uã¡

161¡ w;a;kdZj l;x mdmx ;uka l< mdfmka

w;a;cx w;a;iïNjx ;uka ;=<ska u ìys jQ
wNsuka:;s ÿïfuOx lefm;s wkqjK ok
jðrxZjiauuhx uKsx ^12(5& oshuka;sfhka ñKs fuka'

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 úyska kefik - mjq l< ok
12 ^5& uydld, Wmdil j; ^161 .d:dj&

u ydld, kï .sys Wmdilhl= wern Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^161 .d:dj&

w;a;kd tj l;x w;a;cx w;a;iïNjx mdmx

uydld, Wmdil ;ek tla fmdfyda oskl foõrï wiauuhx uKsx jðrx bj ÿïfuOx wNsuka:;s
fjfyr n,d .sfha h' tosk wgis,a iudokaj isá
fyf;u miq osk w¿hï jk;=reu Ou_ Y%jKh lf<a h' w;a;kd tj( ;ud úiska u¦ l;x( lrk ,o¦ w;a;cx(
;ud ;=<ska u Wmka¦ w;a;iïNjx( ;ud flfrka u
tod ? fydre k.rfha tla f.hla ì| nvq /f.k yg.;a;d jQ¦ mdmx( mdmh¦ wiauuhx( mdIdKuh jQ¦
m,d hkakg ierfik úg f.ysñfhda wjosj Tjqka uKsx( ueKsl¦^ld ouk& jðrx bj( oshuka;sh fuka¦
miqmi t<jd f.k wdy' ta fï w; osjQ fidreka f.ka ÿïfuOx( w{dkhd¦ wNsuka:;s( w;sYhska fm<hs'
iuyre úydr ìu yryd o ÿjkafkda uyd ld, uqyqK
fidaoñka isá ;ekska o osjQ y' tla fydfrla ;u nvq ;ud úiskau l<" ;udf.kau cks;" ;ud f.kau yg
uyd ld, isá ;ek oud m,d .sfha h' f.ysñfhda .;a" mdmh ;udj u mSvdjg m;a lrhs' .f,kau Wmka
uydld, isá ;ek ;snQ fidrnvq oel Tyq fydrl= fia Èhuka;sh .,u kikakdla fuks¡
is;d Tyqg myr ÿka y' Tjqka f.ka myr lE Wmdil
;ek t;eku ñh .sfha h' újrKh

WoEik fmdl=K fj; .sh idufKar ysñjre Tyq f.a oshuka;shla b;du;a u Yla;su;a .,a úfYaIhla f,i ye¢kafjhs'
thska ish¿u ueKsla .,a lemsh yels h' oshuka;shg md,sfhka
u<isrer oel nqÿrcdKka jykafiag oekqï ÿka y¡ fhfok zjðrZ hk jpkfhys ksrela;s olajk wgqjdpdÍyQ
—Wmdil uy;d ñh .sfha Tyqg lsisfia;a fkd .e,fmk zzjcf;aj k máN[a[f;a hiai .ukx flakÖ;s jðrxZZ hs lemS
ú,difhks˜ hs TjQyq ÿla jQ y' f.k hk úg kj;ajkakg neß f,i lmkafka jðr kïZZ hs ta nj
oelajQ y' oshuka;s .ek lshfjk Yaf,dalhla fufia h'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia túg" —fï Ôú;fha oS uydld,
mDÒjHx hdks r;a;dks
Wmdil ;ek l< mqKH lghq;= wkqj n,k úg kï fh pdfkH f,day Od;j
fï urKh Tyqg iß,k urKhla fkd fõ' tfy;a Tyq i¾jdks ú,sfÄoa jc%x
f.a fmr l, lu_ foi n,k úg kï tfia fkd isf;hs¡ ;Ép ff;¾ k ú,sLHf;
fmr wd;auhl fudyq tla;rd wysxil mqoa.,fhl=
f.a ìß| flf¾ ldu rd.h bmoS" Tyq urd oukq uy fmdf<dfõ fldhs ueKsl;a
fjk fldhs úosfha f,day;a
msKsi ;ud i;= jákd ueKslla Tyq f.a jdykhg oud fiaru jc%fhka lm;a
fidrl= njg kï lr ;,d urd oeïu jQ mdmh ksid tllska j;a th fkdlm;a
fï úmdlh Tyqg ú¢kakg jQ neõ˜ jod< fial' —;ud
u l< múka mõldrfhda wmd ÿla ú¢;s' oshuka;sh oshuka;sh b;d ñ, wêl .,a úfYaIhla jqj o th me,oSu
;ud;a ueKslla kuq;a wks;a ueKsla lmkakdla fuks˜ hs wdhqrdfrda.H Nd.Hdosh ,nd fok nj merKsfhda úYajdi l< y'
j;_udkfha th Okj;=ka f.a wdNrKhla fuka u wdfhdackhla
jod< nqÿrcdKka jykafia fï .d:dj o foaYkd l< y' f,i o ie,fla' fï .d:dfõ oS Wmudjg .;af;a tys we;s ;SËK
lefmk iq¿ .=Khhs'

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 15

 i;=frla ^;ud f.a& i;=rdg úm;a lrkq leu;s fõ o" ÿis,a ;eke;a;d o ;udg tfia u úm;a lrkafka h¡

162¡ hiai wÉpka; ÿiaiS,Hx yeiqrefKd;a ÿis,a f,i - my;a ÿisß; fhoS
ud¨jd id,ñZfjd;;x i,a .yla jkikak - je,la t;=Kd jf.a
lfrd;s fid ;:;a;dkx Tyq f. y;=rka Tyqg - lrkakg leu;s jk
h:d kx bÉP;S osfid ^12(6& uy úm;a ;udgu - Wodlr .kS Tyq

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mfjka jekfihs - mjq lrkakd'
12 ^6& foajo;a; f;reka f.a mqj; ^162 .d:dj&

fo õo;a f;reka wern nqÿrcdKka jykafia fï

.d:dj foaYkd lr jodf<a foõrï fjfyr jev
zud¨jdZ kï je,a j._h i,a .fia t;S th urd ouhs'
mdmh;a ta jf.hs' ñksid jgd tf;k mdmh yd
úiQ iufha h' ÿrdpdrh Tyq wmdÿlg fy<hs˜hhs jodrd fï .d:dj o
foaYkd l< fial'
oskla oï iNdfjys /ia jQ NsËQka jykafia foõo;a
f;reka .ek l;d ny lrñka úiQ y' tys jevu l< újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^162 .d:dj&
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" ljr l;djla idlÉPd
l<yq o@˜ hs m%Yak lf<ka ;uka foõo;a f;reka .ek hiai wÉpka; ÿiaiS,Hx id,x ud¨jd bj T;;x
l;d lrñka isá nj Tjqyq ms<sjoka fia mejiQ y' osfid kx h:d bÉP;s fid w;a;dkx ;:d lfrd;s
—iajdóks" foajo;a; iS,hla .=Khla ke;s mdm;rfhls'
Tyq w;sYhka u ÿIag h' kqiqÿiq l%u j,ska wcdi;a hiai( hful=f.a¦ wÉpka; ÿiaiS,Hx( taldka;
myojd f.k lS¾;sh yd ,dN ,nkakg fyf;u jEhï ÿYaYS,Ndjh¦ id,x( i,a .ila¦ ^je<|f.K isá&
lf<a h' Tyq f.a niska fkd uÕ .sh wcdi;a ;u ud¨jd bj( ud¨jd ^kï jQ& je,la fuka¦ T;;x( ^Tyq&
mshd >d;kh lf<a h' Tn jykafia >d;khg foõo;a je<|f.K isáfha¦ osfid( i;=frla¦ kx( ta ^;ud f.a&
f;jrla jEhï lf<a h' Tyq kï kshu mdmsIaGfhls˜ hs i;=rdg¦ h:d( hï fia¦ bÉP;s( ^wk¾: lrkq& leu;s
Tjqyq mejiQ y' fõ o¦ fid( ta ÿYaYS, f;fï¦ w;a;dkx( ;uyg¦ ;:d(
tfia¦ lfrd;s( ^wk¾:& lrhs¡
Wkajykafia,dg ijka oS isá Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
—uyfKks" foajo;a; ud >d;khg ieriqfKa oeka hfula mru ÿiaiS,;djfhka fj,S Ôj;a fjhs kï
muKla fkd fjhs' fmr;a jEhï lf<a h˜ hs mjid i,a .il t;=Kq ud¨jd je,la fuka fyf;u thska
merKs jD;a;dka;h jYfhka uqj jeoaodf.a l;dj u úkdYhg meñfKhs' Tyq f.a y;=rka Tyqg hï
jod< fial' wk¾:hla fõjd hs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs kï ta
wk¾:h fyf;u ;udg lr .kshs'
tla iuhl nrKeia kqjr n%yauo;a; rcq rc lrk
iufhys fndaêi;aFjhka jykafia uqjl= ù Wmka fial' újrKh
ta wd;aufhys foõo;a Wmkafka uqj jeoaol= jYfhks'
oskla ovhfï .sh uqj jeoaod uqjl= f.a msh igyka wÉpka;ÿiaiS,Hx( b;d ÿis,a njh¡ iqiß; msrefuka .sys ms<sfj;
ksfodiaj fkd/l wl=i,a lrk .syshd ;=< mj;akd ;o ÿis,aluh¡
oel .ylg keÕ WK m;=re j,ska ueiaila ;kd f.k uyK ms<sfj; iq/ls fldg fkdjvkd meúoaod ;=< mj;akd ;o
/l isáfha h' ÿkq B;, iQodkï lr f.k Tyq ieriS ÿis,aluh¡ fuh fhÿfka foõo;a f;reka f.a phH_dj wrnhd fyhska
isáfha uqjd ovhï lr .ekSughs' uqjd b;d m%fõifuka jvd;a .e,fmkafka NsËq Ôú;fha ÿYaYS,;dj wrnhd h' NsËq
jgmsg n,ñka wdfõ h' uqjd mßiaifuka fyñka tkq kul f.a nrm;, u iS, fNao jYfhka y`ÿkajkafka mdrdðl y;r
ÿgq uqj jeoaod Tyq ,Õg le|jd .ekSug fm<Uqula yd ix>dosfiai oy ;=kh'
jYfhka m,;=re álla uqjd fj; ùis lf<a h' id,x ud¨jd bj( i,a .il t;=Kq ud¨jd je,la fukah¡ ud¨jd
jef,a m;a f.dgq fia Wvql=rej isà¡ jeisjei ta m;a f.dgq j,
thska jvd;a iel we;s lr.;a uqjd úuis,su;a ù .fia j;=r msreKq l, ta je, je<| f.k isá i,a rel ì| iqKqõiqKq
/l isá uqj jeoaod ÿgqfõ h' jeoaod kqÿgq njla yÕjd lrkafkah¡
wdmiq yereKq uqjd fufia mejiS h' —.i" fï jk;=re
Tfí m,;=re jegqfKa isria w;g h' wo wuq;= úoshlg
yria w;g jefghs' fidnd oï kS;sh Tn lv lr we;'
Tn iajNdj Ou_hg tfrysj hk ksid uu Tn w;yer
fjk .ila fidhd hñ¡˜ ta weiQ uqj jeoaod ÿkq B;,
ìu fy,d —Tõ wog .e,jQKd' uu ys;+ yeá jerÿKd'
ta;a yeuodu .e,fjkak ys;kak tmd˜ hs mejiS h' tod
uqjl=j isá fndai;ayQ fufia ms<s;=re ÿka y'

—jeoaodKks" we;a;gu Tng wo jerÿKd' yenehs Tfí

l¾uhg kï ljodj;a jroskafka kE' fkdjrojdu Tn
miafia l¾uh tkjd we;s'˜

—uyfKks" foajo;a; fufia to;a ud >d;kh lrkak

jEhï lf<a˜ hs jod< nqÿrcdKka jykafia —uyfKks"
fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 17
 ;udg wjev msKsi mj;akd foa lrkakg b;d myiq h' ys; msKsi mj;akd foa lrkakg b;d wmyiq h¡

163¡ iqlrdks widOQQks mõ jev krl jev - lrk tl kï myiqhs

w;a;fkd wys;dks p myiqhs wys; jev - ;ukag úm;a f.k tk
hx fj ys;[p idOq[p ;ukag hym;la - isÿjk i;a l%shdjka
;x fj mruÿlalrx ^12(7& lrk tl fyd|g u - wudrehs wmyiq fjhs'

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ;ukag ys; jev - fkdfõ myiq jev
12 ^7& ix>fNaohg W;aidy lsÍu ms<sn| l;d jia;=j ^163 .d:dj&

i x>hd fNao lsÍfï wdkka;ßh uyd mdm l¾uh

lr.;a foajo;a; ia:úrhka wrnhd fï .d:dj
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska fõ¿jkdrdufhys jev úiQ
wùÑuyd krldosfhys bmosuhs' mõlï lsÍu myiq h'
wmyiq jkafka fyd| jev lsÍu h' ;ukag hym;la
jk fyd| jev b;d ÿIalr h'˜ hkqfjka jod< y'
iufhys foaYkd lrk ,oS'
flfia jqjo mkaishhla muK NsËQka ;u mËhg
jrla nqÿrÿka fõ¿jkdrdufhys oyï foiñka jevyqka yrjd f.k .hd YSI_hg .sh foajo;a; ia:úrfhda tys
l, foõo;a f;rKqfjda Wkajykafia fj; meñK ;u kj iiqk werUQ y' tfy;a ießhq;a-uq.,ka w.ijq
fhdackdjla bosßm;a l< y'—iñ÷ks" oeka Tn uy¿hs' f;rjre tys f.dia O¾ufoaYkd lr iÕ msßi h<s
tfyhska Tn jykafia úfõl .kak' ix>hd md,kh nqÿrÿka fj; u le`ojd f.k wd y'
lsÍu ug ndr fokak˜ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —Tn jeks
wfhla fuhg kqiqÿiqhs¡ Tng th l< fkd yelshe˜hs újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^163 .d:dj&
mjid th m%;sfËm l< y'
widOqks w;a;fkd wys;dks p iqlrdks hx ys;[ap
tod mgka nqÿka flf¾ fjr ne|.;a foõo;a nqÿka idOq[ap ;x fj mruÿlalrx
ueÍug ;=ka jrla u jEhï lf<a h' ish¿ Wml%u
ksr¾:l jQ ;ek fya w¿;a Wml%uhla w;ayod n,kakg widOqks p( whym;a jQ o¦ w;a;fkd( ;ud yg¦
is;d nqqÿrÿka yuqj ix>hdg hdjÔj jYfhka wys;dks( wys; msKsi mj;skakd jQ o foa¦ iqlrdks(
^lsÍu& myiq h¦ hx( hula¦ ys;[ap( ys;lr
1¡ jk.;j úish hq;= h' o¦ idOq[ap( ksrjoH o¦ ;x( tajd ^lsÍu&¦ fj(
2¡ msKavmd; fNdackfhka muKla Ôj;a úh hq;= h' taldka;fhka u¦ mruÿlalrx( w;sYhska ÿIalrh'
3¡ mdxiql+, Öjrh muKla mßyrKh l< hq;= h'
4¡ rela uq,a j,u jdih l< hq;= h' whym;a jQ;a ;ukag úm;a msKsi mj;skakd jQ;a foa
5¡ uia udxY wkqNjfhka je<lsh hq;= h' lsÍu myiq h' hula ys;lr kï" ksjeros kï ta foa
lsÍu w;sYhska ÿIalr h'
hk YsËd mKjk fia b,a,d isáfha h' tfy;a
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia m%ldY lr isáfha tajd yqfola újrKh
iafõÉPdfjka wkq.ukh l< yels foa ñi osúyssñfhka
wksjdhH_fhka ms<smeosh hq;= foa f,i mekùu wmyiq foajo;a;( mru udkj ohdfjka" wd;aud¾:dNs,dIfhka f;drj ck
ys; jev jvkakg Ou_¥; fiajh werUqj o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag
nj h' tys,d wkka; iïndO t<eUqfKa h' Wkajykafiag oreKq kskaod-
m%,dm" fndre fpdaokd" ks.%y ,enqfKa h' fndfyda úg fï kskaod
fuh foõo;ag losu wjia:djla úh' —fï kS;s oekg lf<da ;rÕldß" Ydia;Djre h' tfy;a ta lsisfjla foõo;a ;rï"
mj;akd úkh kS;s j,g jvd fyd|h' tfy;a fun÷ f,dl= ydkshla fkd l< y' ta Ydia;Djreka f.a uQ,sl od¾Yksl
w.kd foa ix>hdg wksjd¾h lrkakg nqÿqyq wleue;s ixl,am" wd.ñl pdß;% jdß;%" hd. fydau úê" fm!oa.,sl mej;=ï
wdoS fndfyda foa nqÿrÿka w;ska úfõpkhg ,la jqj o Tjqyq pß;
fj;s˜ hs fya m;=rejd yeßfha h' we;eï wkqjK >d;khg jEhï l,;a nqÿrÿka urd oeóug W;aidy fkd l< y'
NsËQyQ iaj,am fofkla foõo;a ksjeros hehs is;+ y' tfy;a foõo;a" ;=ka jrla u Wkajykafia urkakg jEhï lf<a h'
tfyhska Tyqg hï msßia n,hla f.dv kefÕñka wefÕys f,a o fi,eù h' kE lñka uiaiskd jqj o fya iir mgka
;sìK' fï w;r oskla foõo;a le|jQ Nd.Hj;=ka ne|.;a ffjrhla ksid fu n÷ ÿIag l%shd lf<a h' foõo;a fï oE
jykafia —Tn ix>hd w;r fNaohla we;s lsÍug lf<a nqÿrÿka f.a bjiSfï .=Kh f,dj m;< lsÍug hehs mjik
uydhdkslfhda Tyq wkd.;fha zfoajrdcZ kñka nqÿfj;ehs o lsh;s'
ie,iqï lrk nj ienE o@˜hs úuiQ y'

—ienEh˜ hs Tyq lS úg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fufia

jod< y' —foajo;a;" th n,.;= wmrdOhls' Tn
thska u úkdYhg m;a jkq we;'˜ tfy;a ta wjjdoh
.Kklg fkd .;a foõo;a f;rKqfjda wdkkao ysñhka
rc.y kqjr ms~q isÕd jäkd w;r yuq ù —wdkkao" uu
wo isg fjku Wfmdai:h lrñ' nqÿrÿkag mËmd;
NsËQka iuÕ fkdj ug mËmd; msßi iuÕ fjku
fmdfydh lrñ¡ fiiq úkh lï o lrñZ hs mejiS h'
wdkkao uy f;rKqfjda o ta nj nqÿrÿkag oekqï
ÿka y' ta weiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —foõo;a lrkakg
hkafka n,.;= wmrdOhls' tys úmdlh jkafka Tyq
fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 19
 hï wkqjKfhla ,dul woyiska wßhhkaf.a wkqiiak j<ld o th Tyq f.a keiau msKsi ksmofka h¡

164¡ fhd idikx wry;x oeyeñka osú f.jk - W;=ï uy ry;=ka f.a
wßhdkx Oïu Ôúkx iiqkg wukfhla - ñiosgq.;a fya;=fjka
málafldi;s ÿïfufOd lf<da;ska ndOd - thu wdmiq lerlS
osÜÀx ksiaidh mdmslx úm;a fohs Tyqgu - WK .yla m, .;a fuka
M,dks lÜGliafij
w;a;>[a[dh M,a,;s ^12(8&

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jekfi;s kmqfrda úyska
12 ^8& ld, f;reka f.a j; ^164 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev úiQ

iufhys fï .d:dj Wkajykafia úiska jodrk
,oafoa ld, kï f;rekaf.a mej;=ï uq,a lr f.k h'
úkdYhg u fya;=jkakd fia Tyq f.a tu l%shdfjka
Tyqu úkdYhg m;a fjhs'

újrKh
ieje;a kqjr tla Wmdisldjla ld, kï f;r
flfkl=kag meyeoS oskm;d ish ksjig jevu lrjd osÜÀ( fyj;a oDIaá kï" msßisÿ wjfndaOh fyda w;a oelSulska
f;drj hï hï foa ms<sn|j we;s lr.kakd ld,amksl woyia h'
oka fokakS h' tfy;a weh lsis lf,l nqÿrÿkaf.ka wkqka .ek wid oek .ekSfuka fyda ;d¾lslj is;d ne,Sfuka fun÷
nKla wid fkd ;sìKs' wi,ajeis ckhd ks;r nqÿka ld,amksl oDIaá fyj;a oeäj t,an .kakd Ñka;k we;s úh yel'
olakg f.dia oka oS nK wid wjq;a nqÿrÿka .ek we;eï oDIaá ys;lr fyhska tajd iïud osÜÀ jYfhka o ydks lr
yd Ou_h .ek lrk l;d weiQ wehg o nqÿka oel oDIaá ñÉPd osÜÀ jYfhka o y÷kajkq ,efí' zosÜÀZ hkak jeä
.ekSfï n,j;a wdYdjla we;s úh' ta ms<sn|j ld, jYfhka fhfokafka ñÉPd osÜÀ iïnkaOfhks' iïud osÜÀ jqj
o m%dfhda.sl w¾:idOkh msKsi Wmfhda.s lr .;a; o úuqla;sh
f;rekg oekqï ÿka úg —ueh nqÿka yuqjg f.dia ,eîfï oS yer oukq ,efí' h:d ;;aj oY_kh y÷kajkq ,nkafka
nK weiqjfyd;a ud flf¾ we;s m%idoh wvq úh yel' osÜÀ jYfhka fkdj o¾Yk jYfhks' zosÜÀ[ap wkqm.ïu iS,jd
túg w,dNh jkafka ug h˜hs is;d th je<l+ y' - oiaifkak iïmkafkdZ hs olajkafka tfyhsks'
;=ka j;djla u wehf.a .uk f;reka f.a l;d ksid
je<lsk' wka;sfï ´ ;ksju ;SrKhla f.k ysñkug ñ:Hd oDIaá" mdmS yd ÿIag wfmaËdjkg yd phH_djkg mdolj
isák fyhska iyuq,skau m%;sfËam l< hq;= nj oelafjhs'
odkh msi ;nd ix.%y lghq;= oshKshg mjrd ;ud zzuyfKks" ñ:HdoDIaáh ;rï kQmka wl=Y, Ou_hka f.a
foõrug .shd h' W;amdohg;a" Wmka wl=Y, O¾uhkaf.a jDoaêhg;a fya;=jk
fjk fohla ke;' ñ:Hd oDIaáh ;rï kqmka l=i, Ou_hka f.a
fjkod fuka ld, f;reka ksjig meñKs úg W;am;a;shg ndOd lrk" Wmka l=Y,hd f.a úkdYhg fya;= fjk
Wmdisldj fjkqjg wehf.a oshKsh Wjgeka lrkakg fjk;a fohla ke;' urK fudfydf;ys oS i;ajhka ta wmdhg"
ksrhg" ÿ.;shg weof.k hk ;j;a wka Ou_hla ñ:Hd oDIaáh
ieriqfKka Wmdisldj fldysoehs úuiqfõh¡ Wmdisldj ;rï f,dj fldysj;a ke;' ñ:Hd oDIaáfhka msreKq mqoa.,hd ljr
nqÿrÿka olakg .sh nj wid ±k .;a f;rKqfjda fohla l<;a" ljr fohla Wreu lr .;a;;a" ljr wdYd" m%d¾:kd
—nqÿrÿka .eUqre nK jodrd Wmdisldj oekqj;a ;snqK;a ta ish,a, Tyq wm%sh" wukdm" wm%ikak ÿCLialJOhla lrd
l<fyd;a thska ug ydks fj;s˜hs is;d oka je<£u fhduq lrhs'
mfil ,d jyd foõrug osj f.dia —iñ÷ks" uf.a
Wmdisldjg kqjK u|h' .eUqßka nK fkdlshd
odkdksYxi álla muKla lshkq uekeú˜ hs mejiS h'
tfy;a nqÿyq —wkqjK uyK" Tn f.a w{dklu yd
ñiosgq fya;=fjka uf.a oyug ks.%y fkdlrj¡ Tn
Tfí u úkdYh ,Õd lr .kafkys h'˜ ks.%y fldg
l< oyï foiqfuka Wmdisldj fidajdka jQjd h'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^164 .d:dj&

fhd ÿïfufOd mdmslx osÜÀx ksiaidh" wry;x Oïu

Ôúkx wßhdkx idikx málafldi;s lÜGliai
M,dks bj w;a;>[a[dh M,a,;s

fhd( hï¦ ÿïfufOd( wkqjKfhla¦ mdmslx( mdmS

^,dul&¦ osÜÀx( oDIaáh¦ ksiaidh( fya;=fjka¦
wry;x( ry;a jQ¦ Oïu Ôúkx( oeyeñka Ôj;a
jk¦ wßhdkx( wd¾hhkaf.a¦ idikx( wkqYdikdj¦
málafldi;s( j<lhs kï ^th Tyqf.a&¦ lÜGliai(
WK .fia¦ M,dks bj( f.ä fuka¦ w;a;>[a[dh(
;ud f.au úkdYh msKsi¦ M,a,;s( m, .kafkah¡
yefokafkah'

hï wkqjK ;eke;af;la ;ud f.a jeros woyia ksid

Ou_dkql+,j Ôj;a jk wdhH_ jQ ry;a W;=uka f.a Ou_hg
ndOd lrkafka kï" WK .fya yg .;a f.ä WK.fya

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 21

 ;u ;ud f.a msßisÿ nj yd wmsßisÿ nj ;u ;ud ms<sn`oj h' wksflla wksfll= msßisÿ fkd flf¾¡

165¡ w;a;kdZj l;x mdmx ;uka flf,fikafka - ;uka l< mdfmkau h

w;a;kd iÙls,siai;s fkd l<fyd;a mdmh - ;ud mssßisÿ fõu h
w;a;kd wl;x mdmx msßisÿ - wmsßisÿ - ùu l< foa wkqj h
w;a;kdZj úiqÊCO;s flfkl= ;j flkl=ka - msßisÿ l< fkdfyau h'
iqoaê wiqoaê mÉp;a;x
kd[af[d w[a[x úfidOfh ^12(9&

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 msßisÿ nj yd wmsßisÿ nj - folu ;uka w;uh
12 ^9& pQ,ld, Wmdilhd f.a l;dj ^165 .d:dj&

Nd .Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyr jev jiñka

pQ,ld, kï .Dyia: Y%djlhl= uq,a lrf.k
fï .d:d Ou_h foaYkd lr jod< fial'
;ud l< mdmfhka ;ud u flf<fihs' ;ud mõ fkdlr
isàfuka ;ud msßisÿ fjhs' msßisÿ nj yd wmsßisÿ nj
fm!oa.,slj ;ud lr.kakd fohls' tla whl= úiska
;j;a whl= msßisÿ lsÍula l< fkd yel'
pQ,ld, Wmdil ;ek tla mqka fmdfydaodl wgis,a
iudokaj /h úydria:dkfha u .; lf<a h' w¿hu újrKh
keÕsg uqyqK fidaod.kq msKsi ,s| ,Õg .sh Tyqg
n,j;a w;jrhlg ,la jkakg isÿ úh' Tyq uqyqK w[af[d w[a[x k úfidaOfh( fn!oaOfhda ;u úY=oaêh fyj;a
úuqla;sh lsisjl= fj;ska wfmaËd fkd lr;s' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
fidaok w;frys w¿hu f.hlska nvq meyer .ksñka úiska W.kajd we;af;a ;u ;ud f.a phH_dj wkqj ;uka msßisÿ jk
isá fidr uq,la f.ysñhka úiska ¨yqn¢kq ,eìK' tla nj h'
fidfrla foõrï fjfyr ueoska m,d hkafka ;u wf;a
;snqkq nvq fmdoshla pQ,ld, bosßhg oud mek Èõfõ úiqoaê( hkafkka idudkHfhka úuqla;sh fyj;a ks¾jdKh woyia
miq mi tkakkaf.a wjOdkh fjkZ;l hjd .e,ù .kq fjhs' tfyhska fn!oaO wd.ñl m%;smodj úiqoaê u.a. jYfhka
ye¢ka fõ' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska r: úkS; iQ;%fha oS ima;
msKsi h' fidr osj wd ÈYdjgu Èj wd ñksiaiq uqyqK úiqoaêhla .ek i|yka lr we;' Wm;siai ysñhka úiska ,shk
fidaok pQ,ld, ,Õ kej;S Tyq ,Õ ;snQ nvq o oel ,ÿj oekg Ök niska muKla wjYsIagj mj;akd úuqla;s u.a. kï
—fï fydrd ? ;siafia f.j,a ì| oeka /h mkaif,a .%ka:h yd nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska ,shk ,ÿj f:rjdoS f,dalhd
Ndjkd l< njla yÕjkakg ;e;a orhs' thska wm úiska wdorfhka mßYS,kh lrkq ,nk úiqoaê u.a.fha o f;audj ù
/jáh fkd yel' fï ;sfnkafka fydr nvqh˜hs Tyq we;af;a i;a; úiqoaêhhs' r: úkS; iQ;%fhys olajd we;af;a hful=
r:fhka r:hg udre fjñka os. .ukla hk mßoafoka iS, úiqoaêh
w,a,d f.k myr fokakg mgka .;a y' —uu fidrlï ,;a ;eke;a;d wk;=rej Ñ;a; úiqoaêhg udrefjñka l%udkql+,j
fkd lf<ñ˜ hs Tyq lE .ioaoS Wfoka u osh f.k hkq i;a; úiqoaêhu ,nk njhs' ima; úY=oaêh kï"
msKsi wd ldka;dfjda —fï pQ,ld, Wmdil uy;d fkd
fõo@ fu;=uka fidrlï lrk flfkla o@ fï kï 1' iS, úiqoaê
nrm;, jeroSuls' Tyqg myr fkd fokake˜hs kka 2' Ñ;a; úiqoaê
3' osÜÀ úiqoaê
úêfhka mjid Tyq fírd .;a y' 4' lxLd ú;rK úiqoaê
5' u.a.dZu.a. [dK oiaik úiqoaê
wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yuqjg .sh pQ,ld, — 6' mámod[dK oiaik úiqoaê
iajdóks" osh f.k hkakg wd l;=ka ksid hka;ï mK 7' [dK oiaik úiqoaê hk y;h'
.,jd .;sñ˜ hs mejiS h' iïmQK_ isoaêh wid oek.;a
fï i;a; úiqoaëka w;=ßka i;a jekak jQ [dK oiaik úiqoaêh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —Wmdilh" osh f.khkakg wd p;=¾úO M, Ñ;a;hka f.ka ´kEu tlla wdY%s; h' iEu M,
l;=kaf.a jpkh muKla fkdj Tn f.a .e,ùu i|yd Ñ;a;hla u tlu fudfydf;a ldhH_ y;rla bgq lrhs' tkï"
fu;=jla ÿisß;fhys fkd fhoS .; l< oeyeñ Ôú;h mß[a[d ^f;areï .ekSu& mydK ^m%ydK lsÍu& iÉýlsßhd
o fya;= úh˜hs mjid —Tn fuf;la lsisod fidrlï ^idËd;a lrKh& Ndjkd ^wdhH_ wIagdx.sl ud._h jO_kh lsÍu&
lf<a ke;' lsisod mõlï o fkd l< fyhska Tn / hk y;rhs'
lsks' mõlï fkd lrk wh ksrfhys ÿla fkd ú¢;s'
foõ f,dj iem ú¢;s˜ hs foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^165 .d:dj&

w;a;kd tj mdmx l;x w;a;kd tj iÙls,siai;s

w;a;kd mdmx wl;x w;a;kd tj úiqÊCO;s iqoaê
wiqoaê mÉp;a;x w[af[d w[a[x k úfidaOfh

w;a;kd tj( ;ud úiska u¦ mdmx( mõ¦ l;x(

lf<a kï¦ w;a;kd tj( ;udu¦ iÙls,siai;s( bka
flf,fikafka h¦ w;a;kd( ;ud úiska¦ mdmx( mõ¦
wl;x( fkd lrK ,o kï¦ w;a;kd tj( ;ud úiska
u¦ úiqÊCO;s( úY=oaêhg m;a fjhs¦ iqoaê wiqoaê(
msßisÿ nj yd wmsßisÿ nj¦ mÉp;a;x( ;uka úiska
lr .kakd fohls¦ w[af[d( wfkflla¦ w[a[x(
wfkfll=¦ k úfidaOfh( msßisÿ fkd lrkafka h'

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 23

 mrjev ksid w;ajev fkd msÍfy<sh hq;= w;ajev fï fï h hs ukdj oek tys kshe,sh hq;=¡

166¡ w;a;o;a:x mr;af:k jeäfhka l<uq;a mr jev

nyqkdZms k ydmfh fkd fy<ka lsisúg w;a jev
w;a;o;a:x wNs[a[dh ksis fia oek f.k w;a jev
io;a: miqf;d ishd ^12(10& l< hq;= jkafka ys; jev

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 wkqkag ys; jev lrkak - ish jev wu;l fkd fjkak'
12 ^10& w;a;o;a: f;reka f.a l;d jia;=j ^166 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev jiñka w;a;o;a: f;reka

wern Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:d Ou_h
újrKh

io;a: miqf;d ishd( hk wjjdoh w;sYh jeo.;a h' mqoa.,hl=

foaYkd lr jod< fial'
úiska idOkh lr .; hq;= W;a;Í;r wê.uh kï ks¾jdKh hs'
tu io¾:h ,nd .ekSu mfil ,d mqomQcd wdosfhys ksr; ùu fyda
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;uka isjq uilska msßksjka mdkd .Kix.ksldj fyj;a msßia ueo l;d nfyka l,a heùu m%sh fkd
nj foaYkd l< úg fndfyda mD:.ack NsËQyq l< hq;= l< w;a;o;a: f;ryq nqÿrÿka f.a m%Ydxidjg ,la jQ y'
fkd l< hq;= foa .ek ys;d .kakg neß ;;aFjhg m;a
jQ y' tfyhska TjQyq l< hq;= fkd l< hq;= foa .ek ks¾jdKh kï ljr úosfha io¾:hla o@ udkj ikaksfõokfha
m%Odk ;u udOHh jQ NdIdj" ks¾jdKh ms<sn| m%udKj;a
l;d lr;s' we;eï úg nqÿrÿka iómfha u yeisfr;s' ks¾jpkhla bosßm;a lsÍfuys ,d fmdfydi;a fkd fõ' tfyhska
NdId udOHfhka ksj_dKh újrKh lsÍug .;a fndfyda m%h;ak
tfy;a w;a;o;a: kï f;reka —Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wid¾:l ù we;' úfYaIfhka fndfyda kQ;k úpdrlhka f.a
wm w;r jev jikafka ;j udi y;rla kï" wmf;a mriamr úfrdaê woyia újrKh foi n,k úg Tjqka .eg¿jla
hjkakg ld,hla ke;af;a h' jy jyd W;aidy fldg ksrdlrKh lrkjd fkdj th wjq,acd,hla njg m;a lrk nj
yefÕa' NdIdj ks¾udKh lr we;af;a bkaøshdkqidrfhka ,nk
mD:.ack Ndjfhka ñosh hq;af;ah˜ is;d NsËq ix>hd wkqN+;Ska m%ldY lrkq msKsih'
f.a wdY%fhka wE;aj isg Ndjkd jvkafka h' fmr fuka
ta f;reka ;uka weiqrg fkd meñK ks,Skj ys£u .ek ks¾jdKh jeks w;Skaøsh W;a;Í;r hula .ek m%ldY lrkakg
fkd myka f;rjre Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ta nj oeka jpk NdIdfjys fkd ue;' ksj_dKh bkaøshdkqidÍ wkqN+;shla fkdj
jQy' f,daflda;a;r h:d¾:hls' tfyhska th jd.a úIhd;sl%dka; h'
f.dv ìu ixpdrhl f.dia meñKs bosnqjd iy os.gu c,fha jik
u;aiHhd w;r isÿ jQfha hehs lshk ixjdoh óg losu ksoiqkls'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta NsËqku f.a w¾:j;a yeisÍu —Tn lshkafka Tn mSkqjd lshk tl fka@˜ ud¿jd weiS h' —keye'
.ek ldg;a meyeos,s lrkq msKsi Wka jykafia iÕ tfya mSkkak nE' tfya >Khs' ta >K fmdf<dj Wv weúoskak
ueog le|jd —uyK" Tn fï oskj, msßfika neyerj ´k'˜ bosnqjd tfia lSj o ud¿jdg ta lsisjla f;areï .kakg neß
tl,dj l,a f.jkafka ulaksidoehs myokak˜ hs mejiQ úh' oshr .;sh ke;akï" /,s kefÕkafka ke;a;ï" lsñoSug yd
msyskSug neßkï" tn÷ ;ekla ;sfnkakg bvla ke;' ud¿jd tfia
y' w;a;o;a: f;rKqfjda —iajdóks" Tn jykafia ;j ;SrKh lf<a ;uka i;= ixl,am f,dalfhka tyd hula is;d .kakg
udi y;rlska msßksjka mdkd nj oek.;a od isg udf.a wiu;a fyhsks' md,s fmd;aj, olakd ,efnk ks¾jpk lsysmhla
wêIaGdkh kï" Tn jykafia msßksjka mdkakg fmr fuys olajuq'
mD:.ack N+ñfhka bj;a ùug h' tfyhska iÕ ueog
fkd wdfjñ˜hs mejiS h' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia NsËQka —ksj_dKh kï ;DIaKjf.a u ksfrdaOhhs" w;yeÍuhs" thska ñoSu
wu;d —uyfKks" ud .relrk ug ys;j;a Y%djlfhl= hs'˜
úiska l< hq;af;a je÷ï ms÷ï lsÍu fkd j" ud W.kajd —ish¿ ixialdr Ou_hka f.a iu:h" il, laf,aIhka f.a m%ydKh"
we;s Ou_h l%shd;aul lsÍuhs' wkHhkg jev lsÍu ;DIaKdj f.a ksfrdaOh úrd.h" ixis£u ksj_dK hhs'
i|yd ;uka f.a jev w;miq fkd l< hq;=hZZ hs
w;a;o;a: f;rekaf.a ms<sfj; jK_kd lr fï .d:dj —uyfKks" wixL;h kï l=ula o@ rd.h Ëh lsÍu" oafõIh Ëh
foaYkd l< y' lsÍu" fudayh Ëh lsÍu wixL;hhs'˜

—rdO" ;KaylaLh kï ksj_dKhhs˜

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^166 .d:dj&
—uyfKks" ish`Mu ixL; yd wixL; jia;+ka úIfhys fkd we,au
nyqkd wms mr;af:k w;a;o;a:x k ydmfh ^úrd.h& ksj_dKhhs'˜
w;a;o;a:x wNs[a[dh io;a:miqf;d ishd
—udkh" ;DIaKdj" wd,h" hk fï ish,a, Wÿrd oud ixidr
m%jD;a;sh fPokh lr oud ;DIaKdj Ëh lsÍu" wkd,h" iu:h
nyqkd wms( fndfyda jQ¦ mr;af:k( mrd¾:h ks¾jdKhhs'˜
ksid¦ w;a;o;a:x( wd;aud¾:h¦ k ydmfh(
fkd msßfy,kafka h¦ w;a;o;a:x( wd;aud¾:h¦ —mGú" wdfmd" f;fcd" jdfhd hk i;r uyd N+;hka hï ;efkl
wNs[a[dh( ukdj oek¦ io;a:miqf;d ishd( ;u m%;sIaGdjla fkd ,n;a o" os.-m<," iQËau yd o<" mqKH yd mdm"
kdu yd rEm hk fï ish,a, is£o fhao" tf,dj yd fuf,dj" hdu
wNsjDoaêh i,id .kak' yd Bu" Ôú;h yd urKh hk ixl,am ke;ao" bkaøsh f.dapr
jia;= úoHudk fkd fj;a o tn÷ ;ekls ksj_dKh˜ ksj_dKh
mrd¾:fhys jeä jeäfhka fhfouehs ;uka f.a jev ;DIaKdj Ëh lsÍfuys m%;sM,h f,i is;Su jerosh' ksj_dKh
w;miq fkdl< hq;= h' ;udg lr.; hq;= jev lsisjl m%;sM,hla fkd fõ' th m%;sM,hla kï" th máÉp
uekúka oek ;ukag ys; jev lr .ekSu uekú' iuqmamkak h' tfy;a ksj_dKh máÉp iuqmamkak jia;=jla fkd fõ'
i;Hh fya;=jla j;a M,hla j;a fkd fõ' th OHdk fyda iudê
fuka fhda.djprhl= úiska Wmojd .kakd wdOHd;añl ;;aFjhla
fkd fõ'

fodf<diajk mrsÉfPaoh ( w;; j.. 25

 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 —iínodkx Oïuodkx ðkd;s˜
^O¾u odkh" fiiq odk ish,a,gu jvd w.fkah¡&

zzO¾u NdKavd.drhZZ keue;s

fuu jákd O¾u mqia;lh
iduúksiqre î'O¾uodi mshdKkag
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mQ¾K wkq.%ylFjh
fõrf.dv iqkkaod NsCIqKsh úisks
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

fkd( 1" c,ka uia mqfÜ" isx.mamQrej 128607
fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
94 770589498 $ 94 755218421
fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh" fõrf.dv" óáhdf.dv
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]
 l;_D
Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
m%Odk ix>kdhl" isx.mamQrej
úydrdêm;s" fõrf.dv chka;s úydrh

Ñ;% Ys,ams
mS¡ úl%ukdhl

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mshr;ak fyajdnÜgf.a

mß.Kl rEmdj,s iy mQ¾j m%ldYk fufyh

mQcH fõrf.dv iqkkaod NslaLqKS
î¡ ohd iurisxy
î¡ frdayK ch;siai

mß.Kl iydh
YHdukS m%sh,CIKd f,alïjiï
ví,sõ¡ ud,d ldka;s
m%shxld fndaêmCI

iydh
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î¡ fÊ¡ Ou_,;d
B¡ tï¡ ,hk,a fudfydÜá
B¡ tï¡ hq.dka iixl
Y%shd,;d l.af.dv wdrÉÑ

mß.Kl m%ldYk
iuk, m%skag¾ia" ngfmd,
fg,s( ¬94 777557127

msgljrfha mska;+rh
n¾á .=Kfialr

uqøKh
2013 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 Èk" isx.mamQrej

msgljrfha Ñ;%h
msgljrfha nqÿ ms<suh fõrf.dv chka;s úydrfha nqÿueÿfrks¡
j¾I 1953 cqks 3 fjksod wUk ,o fuu nqÿ ms<suh ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk
o¾YKSh;u nqÿ ms<suh jYfhka ie,fla¡ fuu nqÿ ms<suh bÈlsÍfï mqfrda.dó jQ wmj;a ù jod<
f.!rjdy_ mKaä; hg,u;af;a jðr[dK kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjkaiqj w;afõjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq¡

fï .%ka:fhys wd.; lreKq ms<sn| mQ¾K yd iodld,sl whs;sh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaghs¡
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka my, jQ ikd;ksl i;Hfhda mqyqÿka ñksiqka úiska mkjk ,o
;djld,sl jQ;a" wi;H jQ;a" whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s ms<s.kq fkd,n;s¡

mQcH fõrf.dv idro kdhl uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia

fg,s( 65 67783330 65 94656570
¬94 770589498 ¬94 755218421
úµq;a ,smskh( [email protected] | [email protected]

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2
 ,dul oyï ^mialï& o" mud nj o" ñiosgq nj o fkd fiúh hq;=' iir fkd jeäh hq;=h¡

167¡ ySkx Oïux k fifjhH my;a jev fkd lrkq

mudfok k ixjfi mudfjka l,a fkd hjkq
ñÉPdosÜÀx k fifjhH ñiÈgqj fkd jikq
k ishd f,dljoaOfkd ^13(1& f,!lsl;ajh fkd jvkq

6 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 jvkq fkd fhfoa f,!lsl;ajh
13 ^1& ,dnd, ysñkul f.a mqj;la ^167 .d:dj&

id ufKar kula ksñ;s lr f.k Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jodf<a foõrï
fjfyr jev úiQ iufha h'
keye' nqÿ yduqÿrefjda ú;rhs hqla;s - whqla;s okafka˜
hs i;=gg m;aj m%ldY l< y' idufKar ku ;ukag
keuqKq nj o;a Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia idufKar kug
f,!lsl iskdfõ wdoSkj olajd Ou_ foaYkd lrñka fï
jrla tla f;r kula ;u YsIH idufKar kula o .d:dj o foaYkd l< y'
legqj úidld Wjeish f.a ksjfiys oka ms<s.kq msKsi
jevu l< y' odkh ms<s.;a Wkajykafia idufKar újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^167 .d:dj&
ku tys u kj;d lsishï ldhH_hlg msg;aj .sh y'
fï w;r;=r úidldj f.a ñKsìßhla jQ ,dnd, oeßhla ySkx Oïux k fifjhH mudfok k ixjfi
ix>hdg msßkukq msKsi meka fmrk w;r;=r ;u ñÉPdosÜÀx k fifjhH f,dljoaOfkda k ishd'
uqyqfKys ms<sìUqj osfhys ÿgqjd h' thska m%fudaohg
m;a oeßh ms<sìUqj foi n,df.k u| iskd my< ySkx Oïux( ^krld§ i;r wmdfhys Wmokd neúka&
l<d h' idufKarhka jykafia o ta ÿgy' Wkajykafia;a m[ap ldu.=K O¾uhka¦ k fifjhH( fiajkh fkd
weh foi n,d iskdiqKd y' tfy;a ta ÿgq oeßh fkd lrkafkah¦ mudfok( l=Y, Ou_ úIfhys mud neúka
ukdmhg m;aj —ysi uqvq l< idufKar kula yskd fyda uq<d jQ isysfhka hqla;j¦ k ixjfi( tlaj
fjkjd˜ hs ;rfyka mejiqjd h' idufKar ku o fkdjikafkah¦ ñÉPdosÜÀx( ñiÈgq¦ k fifjhH(
fldamhg m;aj —uu ú;ro ysi uqvq lf<aæ Tn;a Tn;a fiajkh fkdlrkak¦ f,dljoaOfkd k ishd( pq;s
ysi uqvq l<d' wïu;a ysi uqvq l<d¡ ;d;a;d;a ysi uqvq máikaê jYfhka mxpialkaO f,dalh jeãu fkdl<
l,d¡ Th f.d,a, fiaru ysi uqvq lrmq wh ;uhs˜ hs hq;=h¡
mejiS h'
,dul jQ mialï .=Kh o" mud neúka l,a hejqu
fofokdu tlsfkldg weKqï neKqï lshd .ekSu ksid o" ñiÈgq nj o" fiajkh lsÍfuka iir jvkakl=
uyd wr.,hla we;súKs' ta flda,y, y~ weiqKq fkdjkak¡
úidldfjda osj wjq;a —fï ljr kï w¾nqohlaoe˜ hs újrKh
weiQ úg oeßh y~d f.k f.dia isÿ jQ foa úia;r
l<d h' weh iekiQ úidldfjda —iajdóks" fï fmdä ySkx Oïux( ,dul jQ oyï h¡ mialï h¡
ySkx ( iir ne÷ug yd ÿlg fya;=jk fyhska o ;sßika wd§
oeßh f.a l;djg TÉpr ;ry .kak tmd¡ fldfydu;a i;=ka úiska mjd fiúh hq;= fyhska o ,dul njh¡ mialï wei"
b;ska yduqÿrejre ysi uqvq lrkjfk' Tn jykafia,d lk" kdih" Èj" lh hk fudjqkg f.dÿre jQ rd." fodai" fuday
ysi uqvq lr,d kshfmd;= fldgg lm,d lE,s tl;= hk fudjqka f.a ±älï mdkd rEm" Yío" .kaO" ri yd myi
lr,d uymq isjqrla we|,d msKavmdf;ka Ôj;a fjk hk myhs¡ fï my" my;a .;s we;s i;=ka úiska mjd we,Sï-fiùï
whfka¡ fmdä tlS lshdmq foa fndre fkfuhs fka' wehs lghq;= fyhska o my;a .;sj, bme§ï we;s lrk fyhska o fkd
fiúh hq;= ySk oyï jYfhka i,lkq ,efí¡
;ry .kafka@˜ hs mejiQjd y' —fndre fkfuhs ;uhs'
ta jqKdg tal w,a, f.k ta oeßú ug nekakd' tfyu ñÉPdosÜÀx( ñ:Hd oDIaá kï" oY úO kdia;sl ixl,am h' ljr
nKskak hqla;shla kE˜ hs idufKar ku lshd isáfha h' wd.ula woykakl= jqjo tn÷ woyia orkafka kï" fya ñ:Hd
fï fudfydf;a idufKar ku f.a WmdOHdh f;rKqfjda oDIaálfhls' oY úO ñ:Hd oDIaá kï¦ 1' oka oSfï úmdlhla
tys jevu l< y' f;rKqjka idufKar kug wjjdo ke;" 2' wd.ñl j;a ms<sfj;a j,ska m,la ke;" 3' wdrdOkd lr
ix.%y lsÍfuka ^fydau& fyda wd.ñl mQcd j,ska m<la ke;" 4'
lrkakg hdfuka ;;aFjh nrm;, úh' idufKar ku l=Y,dZl=Y, lu_j, M, úmdl ke;" 5' uj ke;" 6' mshd ke;" 7'
n,j;a wukdmfhka ish¿ fokdg u tfrysj isáfha fuf,dj ke;" 8' mrf,dj ke;" 9' ´mmd;sl i;a;ajfhda ^}osjH"
h' fï wr.,h ueog jdikdjg fuka Nd.Hj;=ka n%yaudoSka& ke;' 10' hy u.g ms<smka" ry;a nj ,o W;=uka ke;
jykafia iïm%dma; jQ y' idufKar kug fidajdka hk woyia h' ñiosgqfjda wdhH_ wIagdx.sl ud.__h wkq.ukh lrkq
ùug mska fudard we;s nj osjeiska ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka fjkqjg" wIagdx.sl ñ:Hd ud._h wkq.ukh lr;s' ^ñÉPd osÜÀ"
ïÉPd ixlmam wdoS jYfhks'&
jykafia Tyq wiajid,kq msKsi idufKar ku fjkqfjka
l;d l< y' —úidldfjks" idufKar ku lshk foa;a nqoaO ld,Skj iqm%lg ñiÈgq Ydia;Djre yh fofkla isáhy' tkï¦
wykak' fï mqxÑ idufKar ku ysi uqvqlr we;s nj
fndre fkdfjhs' ta jqk;a wehs talg ljqre;a kskaod 1' mQrK liaim ^wlsßh jdoSh fyj;a mska mjq ke; hk woyi
lrkafka@ ysi uqvq lf<a meúos fjkak tfyu lrkak foaYkd lf<a h'&" 2' wð; flay lïn,S ^WÉfþo jdoh yd
f,daldhk jdoh foaYkd lf<a h'&" 3' ml=O lÉpdhk ^wlDka;l
wjYH ksid fka' lE,s lmd ueiQ isjqrla fkd we|" ms~q
jdoh fyj;a kdia;sl jdoh&" 4' ulaL,S f.did, ^ish,a, ksh;
isÕd j<|kafka ke;sj uyK lï lrkafka fldfydu rgdjlg isÿ ù úY=oaê bfí ,efn;s hk ksh;s ix.;s Ndj mßKdu
o@ wehs talg ljqre;a nKskafka@˜ hs jod< y' ta weiQ jdoh& 5' ixch fn,a,ÜÀ mq;a; ^wudrd úlafLm jdoh fyj;a
idufKar ku —yßhg yß' wfma f,dl= yduqÿrejkag wksYaÑ; jdoh&" 6' ks.KaGkd: mq;a; ^mqífíl; fya;= jdoh yd
j;a úidld Wmdisldjgj;a yß jeros f;afrkafka pd;=hdu ixjrh& hk yh fok h'

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 7

 jeros rys; je fkd mud j" oyïys ukd fldg yeisr fu f<dje yd mrf,dje iqj fia fjfikak¡

168¡ W;a;sÜfG kmamuÊfchH keÕS isákafka mud fkdjkafka

Oïux iqpß;x pfr oyfuys iqpß;fhys yeisfrkaafka
OïupdÍ iqLx fi;s O¾updßh iqfjka jikafka
wiañx f,dfl mrïys p ^13(2& tf,da - fuf,da fof,dju iekfikafka

8 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 oyï u. hf;d;a - fof,da iqj ,n;a
13 ^2& iqfodjqka isß;ska ì|la ^168 iy 169 .d:d&

l ms, jia;=fjys ksf.%daOdrdufhys úiQ iufhys

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ish mshdKkag fï .d:d
hq.auh foaYkd l< fial'
f.a ud,s.hg wkdrdê;j jqj;a hdu o@ ke;fyd;a ms~q
isÕd oka je<£uo@˜ hs wdj¾ckh fldg fmr isß;
mßos f.ms<sfj<ska ms~q isÕd jeä fial'

nqoaO;ajfhka miq m%:u jrg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï ÿgq rdc mqreIfhda ta nj rc;=udg oekqï ÿka y'
lms, jia;= k.rhg jevu l< wjia:dfjys nqÿrÿkag ;u mq;%hd wdydr msKsi f.hla .dfka isÕd hdu
jeäuy,a YdlHfhda wmg jvd jhiska nd, fyhska ks.%yhla hehs is;= rc f;u we¢ j; o tl;lska f.k
je£u fhda.H fkd fõ hehs Wkajykafiag fkd je| jyd ùoshg osj wjq;a —ud f.a mq;%h" wmf.a YdlH
isáh y' Tjqka f.a udkh uäkq msKsi nqÿyq hud uy jxYfha lsisfjla isÕd fkd lEy' ug fufia kskaod
fm<yr md jod< y' lrkafka ukao@˜ hs úuiS h'

;u mrmqfrys my< jQ uyd Ydia;DjrhdKka f.a —uyrc" ta Tn f.a jxYfha pdß;%h úh yel' tfy;a
úYsIaG;ajh jgyd.;a iqoafOdak rc;=ud m%uqL ud f.a jxYh jQ nqoaO jxYfha ljqre;a ms~q isÕd
YdlHfhda Wkajykafiag kuialdr l< y' f.ku j<|;s˜ hs jodrd fï .d:d folo jod< y'
ta wjia:dfjys fmdl=re jeiaila o jeiafia h' fmdl=re
jeiaila kï f;fukakg leu;s wh muKla f;fuk" újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^168 .d:dj&
wlue;s wh fkdf;uk jeiai h'
W;a;sÜfG kmamuÊfchH Oïux iqpß;x pf¾
NssËQka jykafia,d ta .ek idlÉPd lrk úg OïupdÍ wiañx f,dfl mrïysp iqLx fia;s'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —uyfKks" fï fujekakla jQ
m%:u j;dj fkd fõ' fjiaika;r rcq oji;a fufia W;a;sÜfG( msìfokak" kmamuÊfchH( m%udo fkd
fmdl=re jeis jeiafiah˜hs tu mqj; o jod< y' O¾u jkak" Oïux( O¾ufhys' iqpß;x( iqisßf;ys" pfr(
foaYkdjidkfhys nqÿrÿka f.a [d;Skag miqosk yeisfrkak" OïupdÍ( O¾ufhys yeisfrkakd" wiañx
odkh .ek isysm;a fkd jQfhka lsisfjla werhqula f,dfl( fï f,dalfhys o" mrïys p( mrf,dalfhys o"
fkd l< y' iqoafOdaok rc;=ud is;+fha ud f.a mq;%hd iqLx fia;s( iqjfia jihs'
wksjd¾hfhka u osjd wdydrh uf.a ud,s.fhka u ,nkq
we; lshd h' tfyhska werhqula fkd ù h' msìfokak ^w,i fkdj keÕS isákak&' mud fkdjkak'
O¾ufhys yd iodpdrfhys yeisfrkak' O¾ufhys
miqosk osjd fNdack iuh Wodj;a u Nd.Hj;=ka yeisfrk mqoa.,hd fuf,dj fukau mrf,dj o iqjfia
jykafia —fmr nqÿjreka f.a isß; jQfha ;u mshdKka jihs'

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 9

 oyï ys yeisr ÿisß;ska je<l fu f<da mr f<da fo f,dje ue iqj fia fjfikak¡

169¡ Oïux pfr iqpß;x yeisßh hq;= fjhs oyfuys uekúka

k kx ÿÉpß;x pfr fkduÕg fkd jeà wka lsis f,ilska
OïupdÍ iqLx fi;s oyfu fhokakd iekfihs iqjfhka
wiañx f,dfl mrïys p ^13(3& tf,da fuf,da fof,dju iekis,af,ka

10 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 yeisfrka oyñka - joy< ú,iska
13 ^2& iqfodjqka isß;ska ì|la ^168 iy 169 .d:d&

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^169 .d:dj& 2' ux., yia;Ska úiska woskq ,enq r:hl keÕ=Kq isÿy;a l=ur
f;u kqjr ol=Kq jdi,ska msg;aj .sfha h'
Oïux iqpß;x pfr kx ÿÉpß;x k pfr OïupdÍ 3' wiqka y;r fokl= fh¥ w;s úN+Is; r:hl keÕ=Kq l=ur
wiañx f,dfl mrïys p iqLx fi;s' f;u k.rfhys ngysr jdi,ska kslañKs'

Oïux( ms~q isÕSu kï jQ Ou_fhys¦ iqpß;x( ukdj 4' w;s úÑ;% jQ udKslHuh pl%hla .=jfkys mdù W;=re jdi,ska
f,i¦ pfr( yeisfrkak¦ kx( tys¦ ÿÉpß;x k pfr( msgj .sfha h'
^wf.dapr ia:dkhkays yeisÍfuka& fkdiqÿiq f,i 5' l=udrhd lms,jia;= k.rfhys isjquxi,l ys| rdc hIaáfhka
fkdlrkafkah¡¦ OïupdÍ( ms~q isÕk uyK f;fï fhdaO fnrhla jdokh lf<a h'
Ou_fhys yeisfrkakd¦ wiañx f,dfl( fuf,dj o¦
mrïys p( mrf,dj o¦ iqLx( iqjfia¦ fi;s( jdih 6' lms,jia;= k.r uOHfha fhdaO l=¿Kla u; keÕ=Kq l=udrhd
lrhs' .=jka l=i isõ foig iEu j._fhau w.kd ñKs uq;= úiqrejd
yf<a h' kka foiska meñKs i;a;ajfhda tajd tla/ialr .;a y'

O¾ufhys b;d ksrjoHf,i yeisfrkak' tys 7' lms,jia;=fjka neyer kqÿre ;ekl ñksiaiq yh fofkla uy
idjoHf,i fkd fhfokak' O¾udkql+,j yeisfrk yçka y~d je,fmñka ish oE;ska .sh flia WÕ=¿jd wyqre
;eke;a;d fuf,dj yd mrf,dj o iqjm;aj jdih msáka fmdf<dj u; oeuQ y'
lrhs'
rc;=ud f.a iqmqreÿ iajmak úu¾Yl n%dyauKfhda fï isysk
f;darkakg wiu;a jQ y' wd.ka;=l nuqKl= f,i fjia j,df.k
újrK meñKs foaj;dfjla isysk f;dard fokakg bosßm;a úh' Tyq isysk
f;dard ÿkafka fufia h'
iqoafOdaok rc;=ud( nqÿrÿka iïud iïnqÿ moú ,nd u.O
rdcOdksfhys ioyï m;=rejñka jev fjfik nj weiQ od mgka 1' b;d ,ÕoSu l=udrhd .sysf.hska kslau hkq we;' foõ nUqka
;u nqÿ mq;=ka oel .ekSfï wNs,dIh iqoafOdaok rc;=ud f.a is;a úiska msßjrkq ,en kqjßka neyer f.dia ;jqil= njg m;a
;=< n,j;a j keÕsKs' nqÿrÿka lms, jia;=jg jevu lrjd f.k jkafka h'
tkakehs kj jrla u ¥;hka heõj o ta yeu jEhula u ksire
jQfha Ou_Y%jKh fldg ry;a jQ ¥;hka meúosj ;ukag mejreKq 2' wìkslauKska fkd fnda osklskau oYn,OdÍj iïud iïnqÿ
fufyjr wu;l lsÍu ksid h' wjidkfha oS isÿy;a l=ureka yd moú ,nkq we;'
je,s fl<sfha mgka u ñ;=rej isá ld¿odhs ;u fufyjr bgq lf<a
h' ld¿odhs meúosj ry;a jQ kuq;a ;u hq;=lu wu;l fkd lf<a h' 3' iïnqÿ moú ,n;a u t;=uka p;=¾ffjYdrod{dk ,nd .kq
we;'
fï .d:djka foaYkd l< wjia:dfõ iqoafOdaok rc;=ud uy ùosh
ueou fidajdka M,fhys msysáfha h' wk;=rej nqÿrcdKka jykafia 4' foú ñksiqka f.a hym; msKsi Wkajykafia Ou_ pl%h
f.ka md;%h b,a,d .;a rcf;u Wkajykafia yd Y%djl msßi ud,s. m%j¾;kh lr;s'
hg le|jdf.k f.dia m%kS; odk jia;=fjka Wjgeka lf<a h' oka
j<|d wjidkfha l< N=la;dkqfudaokdfjka rcf;u ilDod.dó 5' nqÿ nj ,nd Ou_pl% m%j¾;kh l< úg tu rdjh wlksgd
M,fhys msysáfha h' m%cdm;S f.da;ñh fidajdka jQjd h' miq nUf,dj olajd me;sfrkq we;'
j;djl nqÿrcdKka jykafiag rc;=ud .ek ;j;a mqj;la oek.
kakg ,eìK' tkï" ÿIalr l%shd lrk iufhys ;uka ñh .sh nj 6' nqoaO;ajh ,eîfuka miq Wkajykafia wg jf.ysu i;ajhka
rc;=udg jd¾;d lrkq ,enQ wjia:dfõoS th fkd weoyQ rc;=ud f.a u hym; msKsi ioyï ñKs uq;= úiqrejd yßkq we;s'
uf.a mq;%hd nqÿ ù ñi ñh fkd hkq we;ehs mejiQ njhs'
ta ksñ;sfldg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Oïumd, cd;lh foaYkd l<y' 7' nqÿ ù Ou_ foaYkd lrkakg mgka .;a úg tf;la kï ord
ta foiqu wid rc;=ud wkd.dó jQfha h' isá Iâ Ydia;Djre mßydkshg m;aj fÄokSh ;;ajhg weo
jefgkq we;'
iqoafOdaok rc;=ud uy¿ úhg m;aj urKdikakj fjfi;ehs ie,
jQ wjia:dfõ o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia t;=uka olskakg jevu l<
y' ta wjia:dfjys l< foiqfuka rcf;u w¾y;a M,h ,nd .;af;a
h' osk y;la úuqla;s iqj ú¢ rcf;u i;ajk osk .Dyia: ry;ka
jykafia kula f,i msßksjka mEfõ h' tjlg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
f.a jhi y;<syla úh' ;u mq;a isÿy;a l=ureka flf¾ iqfodjqka
rc;=ud ;=< jQfha wm%udK iafkayhls' ish¿ hi biqfrka Tyq
ikyd ;uka fj;u r|jd .kakg jEhï lf<a tfyhsks' isÿy;a
l=ureka i;r fmr ksñ;s olsskakg u;af;ka rc;=ud isysk y;la
ÿgq nj we;eï iïm%odhj, ths' tajd fufia h'

1' Yl%hd f.a Och jeks Ochla /.;a uy fikÕ th

lms,jia;=j mqrd f.k f.dia kqjr kef.kysr jdif,ka kslaó
.sh y'

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 11

 f,dj ^-w;anj& osh nqnq,la fia ñßÕ=jla fia olakd ;eke;a;d urKska ñfokafka h¡

170¡ h:d nqínq,lx miafia osh nqnq,la fia is;kak

h:d miafia uÍÑlx ñßÕ=j ú,iska n,kak
tjx f,dlx wfjlaLka;x n,ñka f,dj foi tf,iska
uÉpqrdcd k miai;s' ^13(4& ureyg fkdfmkS ys¢kak'

12 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 Ôú;hl rÕ fidndj - ks;r fjkia jk kshdj
13 ^3& mkaish kula ry;a jQ j; ^170 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia ;uka fj; meñKs mkaishhla uyKqka
nqínq,lx( osh nqnq,la¦ h:d( hï iajNdjh we;af;a
o¦ miafia( tfia ^f,dalh foi& n,kak¦ ußÑlx(
wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd lr jod< y' ñßÕ=jla¦ h:d( hï wdldrh o¦ miafia( tfia
^f,dj foi& n,kak¦ tjx( fufia¦ f,dlx( f,dalh¦
jrla NsËQka jykafia mkaish kula ;:d.;hka wfjlaLka;x( ^kqjKeiska& n,kakyq¦ uÉpqrdcd(
jykafia fj;ska lugyka ,nd f.k Ndjkd lsÍu udrhd¦ k miai;s( fkd olshs'
msKsi jk.; jQ y' tfy;a wê.uhla ,nd .kakg
wiu;a jQ Wka jykafia,d Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f,dalh osh nqnq,la f,i o ñßÕ=jla f,i o n,kakg
neye olskakg wdmiq tñka isáh y' nqÿrÿka fj;ska yels kï" uref.ka fífrkakg yels fjhs'
jvd m%fhdackj;a kj l¾uia:dkhla ,nd .ekSu
Wkajykafia,d f.a wruqK úh' tk w;ruÕ ñßÕ=j újrKh
ÿgq Wkajykafia,d tys udhdj .ek is;ñka meñKsh y'
f,dalx( f,dalh ;%súO h' lduf,dalh" rEm f,dalh yd wrEm
f,dalh jYfhks' rEm yd wrEm f,dal jkdys OHdk j,g f.dapr
fï NsËQka jykafia,d tk w;ru. uy jeiaila jkakd jQ n%yau f,dal fj;s' ldu f,dalhg krldÈh" ;sßika
jeiafia h' Tjqka f;ó f.k úydr N+ñhg msúfik úg fhdaksh" wiqr ksldh yd ukqIH f,dalh we;=<;a h'
j;=r msÍ ta u; osh nqnq¿ msfmñka .,k whqre olakg
yels úh' osh nqnq¿ kefÕñka msmsfrk blauk n,;au nqínq,lx uÍÑlx( osh nqnq, yd ñßÕ=j f,dal iajNdjhg Wmud
wks;H;ajh ms<sn| yeÕ=ula Wkajykafia,dg we;súKs' fldg olajkafka keiS hk iajNdjka fyj;a wks;H;dj meyeos,s
lrk wáfhks' fuu kso¾Ykd wks;Hh ms<sn| Ndjkduh
—yeu fohl u iajNdjh fuh fkd fõ o@ wfma wruqKlg jefgkakg l¾uia:dk jQ nj l:dfjka oelafjhs'
YÍrh;a fufia osh nqnq,la fuka ì£ hkq we;'˜ Tjqka
tfia is;;a u nqÿyq .| ls<sfha isg rYañ Odrdjla tjd fjk;a ;ekl fõokdj osh nqnq,lg o ix{dj ñßÕ=jlg o
;uka jykafia Tjqka wìhi isákakdla fuka olajd fï Wmud lr we;' tajd Ñ;a; ixLdr fj;s' Ñ;lalh jÖ ixLdrhls'
.d:dj jod< fial' f,dalh fun÷ ;djld,sl ixialdr j,ska ks¾ñ;h' f,dj ñßÕ=jla"
osh nqnq,la fia ie,lsh hq;af;a tneúks' fufia f,dj ksire fia
oelSfuka we¿ï ne÷ï is£ hhs'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^170 .d:dj&

nqínq,lx h:d miafia ußÑlx h:d miafia tjx

f,dlx wfjlaLka;x uÉpqrdcd k miai;s'

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 13

 w;aneõys wkqjKfhda .ef,;a" w;aneõys ;;= okak keKj;=kg ^tys& we,afula ke;¡

171¡ t: miaiÓZux f,dalx tkak n,kak - f,dalfha rÕ

Ñ;a;x rdcr:Qmux rdc r:hla jf.hs úis;=re
h;a: nd,d úiSoka;s fudavfhda kï ,.s;s iqjfia
k;aÓ iÙf.d úcdk;x ^13(5& kqjK we;s wh - ke; wef,kafka'

14 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 .; fkd wef,k - yslauqKq ok
13 ^4& wNh rdc l=udr jia;=j ^171 .d:dj&

fõ ¿jkdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia wNh rdc l=udrhd wruqKq fldg fï
.d:dj jod< fial'
h;a:( hï wd;auNdjhl¦ nd,d( w{dk mqoa.,fhda¦
úiSoka;s(^;DIaKd oDIaá jYfhka& .ef,;a o¦
úcdk;x( h:d¾:h okakjqkag¦ iÙf.d( ^hï
wd;auNdjfhlays rd.d§& we,Sula¦ k;aÓ( ke;a o¦
wNh rdc l=udrhdg mshd jQ ìïìidr rc;=ud úiska ^tu&" Ñ;a;x rdcr:Qmux( úis;=rej ieriQ rdclSh
m%dka;fhl we;s jQ le/,a,la uev mj;ajkakg ndr r:hla n÷ jQ¦ bux f,dalx( fï mxpialkaO f,dalh¦
fok ,oS' fya th b;d id¾:lj ksufldg meñKsfha t:( tkak¦ miai:( n,kak'
h' m%S;shg m;a msh rÊcqrefjda Tyqg i;a oskla rdcH Y%S
ú¢kakg wjldY oS kegqï .ehqï jehqï o;a rEu;shla fï f,dalh foi weú;a n,kak' fuh rdc r:hla f,i
o iuÕ ud,s.h ndr ÿka y' úis;=rej osiajk fyhska nd, ckfhda tys we,S .e,S
jekfi;s' tfy;a keKj;ayQ tys lsisu we,aula fkd
wNh rdc l=udrhd o fï i;a osk ud,s.fhka neyer lr;s'
fkd wjq;a uy;a m%S;sfhka .; lf<a h' wgjk osk
rEu;sh o legqj .fÕys kdkakg .sh fyf;u tys oS o újrKh
weh f.a kegqula n,ñka m%S;sfjñka isáfha h' tfy;a
wjdikdjg ika;;s weu;shdg jQjdla fukau t;=udg o úcdk;x( f,dal ;;a;ajh h:d¾: jYfhka wjfndaO lr .;a
W;=fuda úcdkSka";;= okakjqka" kqjKe;a;ka jYfhka fuys
uqyqK mdkakg jQfha fÄockl w;a±lSulgh¡ oelafj;s' nqÿ oyu f,dal;ajh ms<sn`o h:d¾: újrKhls'
ks<sh ysá yeáfhau ueÍ jegqKdh¡ n,j;a ixfõ.hg
m;a wNhrdc l=udr f;u uf.a ixfõ.h ksjkakg wks;Hh" ÿl yd wkd;auh jYfhka m%lg jk f,dal ;;aj
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;rï iu¾: flfkla ;j;a úpdrfhys mdol isoaOdka;h máÉp iuqmamdohhs' f,dal ;;a;ajh
ke;ehs is;ñka Wkajykafia yuqjg .sfha h' ksrjoH mßos oek .ekSu kï fï mÜÉp iuqmamdoh h:d¾:
jYfhka oek .ekSuhs'

—iajdóks" ud yo wejq¿Kq fida .skak ixis|jd¨j —Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx" wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx" À;dj id Od;=
uekú˜ hs nqÿrÿka md uq, weo jegqKq wNh rdc OïuÜÀ;;d" Oïu kshdu;d hosox máÉp iuqmamdfod˜hs olajd
l=ureka weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —l=ureks" fï tlu we;af;a th nqÿjreka f,dj my< jqj;a ke;;a f,dj ioygu
mj;akd h:d ;;a;ajh nj meyeos,s lrkq msKsi h'
kdáldx.kdj u< fYdalfhka Tn iifrys fy¿ l÷¨
uek ksu l< fkd yels ;rï˜ hs jodrd —ÿla fkdjkak' th nqÿjre fidhd .ks;s' wk;=rej Y%djlhkg foaYkd lr;s'
;uka fYdal ihqf¾ .sf,kakg bv yßkafka kqjK ke;s ;j;a iQ;%hl —;:d.;hka jykafia,d f,dj my< jqj;a ke;;a
nd,ckhka muKs˜ hs wkqYdikd l< fial' fï .d:dj f,dj ish,a, wks;Hh" ÿlh" wkd;auh' th ;:d.;hka jykafia
uq,a lr f.k Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia l< Ou_foaYkfhka f;areï f.k foaYkd lr;s˜ hs olajd ;sfí'
l=udrhd fidajdka úh'
fuu O¾uh wjfndaO lr.kakd nqÿ" mfia nqÿ" uy ry;a W;=fuda
fuys úcdk;x hkafkka .efk;s' tn÷ W;a;ufhda f,dalh rdc
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^171 .d:dj& r:hla fuka úis;=re fldg irid ;sfnk kuq;a uq,d fkd fj;s'

h;a: nd,d úiSoka;s" úcdk;x iÙf.d k;aÓ" É;a;x

rdcr:Qmux bux f,dalx t: miai:

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 15

 mud nj ÿr,d fkd mud jk ;eke;a;d j<dl=,ska ñÿKq mqri`o fuka f,dj nnq¨j hs¡

172¡ fhd p mqífn muÊð;ajd l,a hejQ uq;a fmr mudfjka

mÉPd fid kmamuÊc;s isà kï oeka wmamudfoka
fid bux f,dlx mNdfi;s nn,jhs fka wfma f,dalh
wíNd uq;af;da j pkaosud ^13(6& j<d .enlska ñÿKq i`o fuka'

16 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ok kqjK we;s - f,dj nnq¨j;s
13 ^5& iïuq[ackS f;reka f.a j; ^172 .d:dj&

fÊ ;jkdrdufhys jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia

iïuq[ackS f;reka jykafia wrnhd fï
.d:dj foaYkd lr jod< fial'
wíNduq;af;d( j<d .eìka ñÿkd jQ¦ pkaosud bj(
pkaøhd fuka¦ bux f,dalx( fï f,dalh¦ mNdfi;s(
m%Ndiajr lrhs'

iïuq[ackS f;reka jykafia f.a uq¿ ld,h u .; hï lsis ;eke;af;la uq,a ld,fha W;aidy fkd lr
jQfha úydria:dkh w;=m;= .Eug h' fu iufhys ld,h wmf;a hejQ kuq;a miqj nK Ndjkd uÕg jeà
f¾j; kï f;reka jykafia o tu úydria:dkfha wm%udoj lghq;= lrkafka kï j<d .eìka jeiS ;snqKq
u l,a .; l< y' tfy;a Wka jykafia iïuq[ackS pkaøhd miqj bka ñoS wdf,dalh úysÿjkakdla fuka fï
f;reka fuka fkdj Ndjkdfjka u l,a hj;s' f,dalh m%Ndiajr lrhs'

f¾j; f;reka OHdk iqjfhka l,a hjk whqre olakd újrKh

iïuq[ackS f;reKqfjda th Wkajykafia f.a w,ilu
hehs is;+ y' kslrefKa l,a hj;ehs jrojd .;a wíNduq;af;dj pkaosud( j<d .eìka jeiqKq uq;a i| kej; bka
ñoS f,dj wdf,dalj;a lrkq we;' iuyr mqoa.,fhda o tfia l,la
y' tfyhska f¾j; f;reka lrd .sh Wkajykafia — l=i,a oyï jeãfuka f;drj jikakd y' tfy;a miqj Tjqyq oeä
Tnjykafia kï w,ifhls¡ odhlhka ieoeyefhka fok fia ùhH_h jvd blauKska m%;sM, ,nd .ks;s'
foa wkqNj lr tfia w,ij isàu iqÿiq ke;¡ ld,h
kdia;s lrkjd fjkqjg uqiakla f.k ñÿ, álla w;= ñksia is; j<d .eìka ñoSu l%udkql+,j isÿjkakls' OHdk u.ska
m;= .dkjd kï fldÉpr fyd`o o@˜ hs m%Yak l< y' ;djld,slj flf<ia hgm;a fjhs' is; flf<iqkaf.ka ñÿkq úg
th m%Ndiajr jkafka ish,a, ukdj ms<sìUqjk levm;la fuks'

f¾j; ysñhka f.a ms<s;=r jQfha —wdhqIau;=ks" NsËq fn!oaO YsËd ud._h l%ñl jQjls' iS,h u.ska lh iy jpkh
kula uq¿ oji u w;=m;= .Eug u ld,h fjka lsÍu yslaujkq ,efí' iudêh Ñ;af;ald.%;dj we;s lrhs' tfy;a mQ¾K
kqiqÿiqhs' WoEik w;=m;= .d" j<|d" Ndjkd jvd" úY=oaêh Wodjkafka m%{dj u.sks' tu.ska oDIaáh msßisÿ fjhs'
? ùug fmr;a" w;=m;= .d ? l, h,s;a Ndjkd jvd ixiqka iss;ska yd msú;=re oelafuka hqla;j Ou_hka úYaf,aIKh lr
ne,Su u.ska wd;au oDIaáh m%ydKh fjhs' ;%s ,ËKh wjfndaO
uÕ-M, mila lsÍug fjr jevqu uekú˜hs wjjdo fjhs' Ôú;h jQ l,S wÑÉýkak m%jdyhla jYfhka osiajk máÉp
lf<ah¡ ta wjjdoh fyd¢ka ys;g .;a iïuq[ackS iuqmamkak - isoaê oduhla nj jegfyhs'
f;rKqfjda wl=rgu th ms<smeo fkdfnda osklska u
ry;a kula njg m;a jQ y'

fjkod fuka oj,a ld,fha l=Kq frdvq iaj,amhla ñÿf,a

tla fj;a oS;a iïuq[ackS f;reka bo, /f.k
w;=.dkakg fkd meñfKk nj ±k —wdhqIau;=ka oji
;siafia u w;=.dkafka ke;af;a wehs@˜ hkqfjka m%Yak
l< y' —fkd mudfjka fjfiñ¡ iqÿiq fõf,ys yeu£ï
lrñ¡˜ Wkajykafia ms<s;=re ÿka y'

ta ms<s;=r weiq f;rjre úu;shg m;aj Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia neye oel' —iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai"
iïuq[ackS f;rKqfjda ;ud ry;a jQ njla wmg
yÕjkakg ;e;a or;s' Tyq lshkafka uqidjla úh
hq;=h˜ hs oeka jQ y' —ke; uyfKks" Tyq we;a;g u
ry;a M,h ,nd we;' Tyq lshkafka ienEjlsZZ hs jod<
nqÿyq fï .d:dj foaYkd l< y'

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^172 .d:dj&

fhd mqífn muÊð;ajd p fid mÉPd kmamuÊc;s fid

wíNduq;af;d pkaosud bj bux f,dalx mNdfi;s'

fhd(hfula¦ mqífn( fmr¦ muÊð;ajd p( mud jQfha

kuqÿ¦ fid( fyf;u¦ mÉPd( miqj¦ kmamuÊc;s( mud
fkdjkafka o¦ fid( fyf;u¦

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 17

 mjqlï l=i, n,fhka jid,k ;eke;a;d mqka i`o fia fu f,dj nnq¿j hs¡

173¡ hiai mdmx l;x lïux hï flkl= l< mdm l¾uh

l=if,k msÒh;s l=i, l¾fuka jeiS hdkï
fid bux f,dlx mNdfi;s nnq¨jhs fya wfma f,dalh
wíNd uq;af;dj pkaosud ^13(7& j<d .enlska ñÿKq i`o fuka'

18 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 mdmh kiS - l=i,ska jeiS
13 ^6& wx.=,sud, f;reka f.a j; ^173 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev úiQ iufhys wx.=,sud,

f;reka wern nqÿrcdKka jykafia fï .d:dj
—fï uyK .uka lrñka u uu kej;=fKñ˜ hs mjihs'
fu ;rï fõ.fhka ÿjñkq;a uu Tyq yiq lr .kakg
foaYkd l< fial' wiu;a fjñ' Tyq f.a jpkfhys wre; úuid .;
hq;= h˜ hs is;d —uyK Tn kej;s,d" uu kej;s,d
wx.=,sud, mfiakoS fldfid,a uyrc ;=udf.a mqfrdays; ke;ehs Tn lshk foa ug fkd jegfya˜ hs mejiS h'
n%dyauKhd f.a mq;%hd h' Tyq f.a uq,a ku jQfha —wx.=,sud," ud m%dK>d;h kj;d we;s fyhska uu
wysxil h' ksis jhig meñks l< Tyq ;Ës,dfõ kej;=fKñ˜ hs lshñ' uu lsisjl=g jO fõokd fkd
bf.kqu msKsi hjk ,oS' nqoaêu;a YsIHhl= jQ wysxil foñ' ysßyer fkd lrñ' ta ud ;=< ish¿ i;a;ajhka
úkS;j lSlrej isma yodf<a h' tfyhska fya .=re;=ud flf¾ lreKdj" ohdj we;s fyhsks' kej;S ke;af;a
f.a o t;=ud f.a ìß| f.a o is;a oskd .;af;a h' Tnh' Tn os.ska os.gu urhs'˜ hkqfjka Nd.Hj;=ka
tfy;a tys m%;sM,h jQfha wkHhka f.a wi;=gg Tyq jykafia meyeos,s l< fial' —fï kï uyd m%d{hl=
,la ùu h' tfyhska TjQyq wysxil .=re;=ud f.a f.a lshukls' fï NsËQj lsis u ìhla iella ke;sj
ìß| iu. ryia in|;djla mj;aj;ehs Tjqyq fndre l;d lrhs' fun÷ ks¾NS; njla" úYdro;ajhla
fla,dï lS y' uq,oS .=re;=ud th úYajdi fkdl< nqÿrcdKka jykafiag ñi idudkH meúos flfkl=g
o os.ska os.gu fla,dï nia lSu fya;=fjka wka;sfï ;sìh fkd yel' fï kï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia u úh
th úYajdi lrkakg mgka .;af;a h' ;u YsIHhd hq;=h' ud flf¾ lreKdfjka Wkajykafia wo fuys
úkdY l< hq;= hehs is;d .;a osidmdfudla wdpdÍyq jevu lrkakg we;e˜hs is;+ fyf;u ish lvqj ìu
ta i|yd Wml%uhla l,amkd lrñka isáh y' YsIHhd oud nqÿ mduq, jeà iudj wheo isáfha h'Nd.Hj;=ka
uerjqjfyd;a th .=re;=ud f.a wmlS¾;shg fya;= úh jykafia fj; meúos jQ wx.=,sud, Ndjkd lr ry;a
yel' tfyhska Bg jvd iQËau l%uhla l,amkd l< kula jQfha h' l,la f,dal Ydikd¾:fhys ksr;j
fya wkqka ,jd Tyq urjkq msKsi wuq;=u úosfha .=re —fhd p mqífn muÊð;ajd˜ hkdoS .d:dfjka Wodkhla
m~qrla b,a,d isáfha h' —ñksiqka ^fyda .eyeKqka& o m< l< wx.=,sud, f;rKqfjda msßksjka mEy' thska
oyila urd oukafka kï" ish¿ .=re uqIaá fok njg miq NsËQyq wx.=,sud, f;reka urKska miq Wmkafka
fya fmdfrdkaÿ úh' w.kd Okhla jQ Ys,am flf¾ is; fldysoehs nqÿrÿkaf.ka m%Yak l< úg —wx.=,sud,
fhduq l< wysxil" ;u .=rejrhd f.a jpkh bgq msßksjka mEfõh˜ hs Wkajykafia jod< y' t;rï
lrkakg ;SrKh lf<a h' tfyhska ñkS urkakg mgka ñkSurd msßksjka mEfõ flfia oehs úu;shg m;a
.;a wysxil .Kka u;l ;nd .kq jia Tjqka f.a NsËQka jykafia,dg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj
uymgÕs,a,la lmd ud,hl wuqKd f., ,kakg mgka foaYkd l< y'
.;af;a h' weÕs,s ud,hla ;kk fyhska wx.=,sud,
hehs m%isoaO jQ Tyq f.a ñkSure l%shd ksid uq¿ újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^173 .d:dj&
m%foaYhu ìfhka we,,S .sfha h' Tyq f.a oreKq wmrdO
.ek weiQ rc;=ud wx.=,sud, w,a,d urd oukakg wK hiai l;x mdmx lïux l=if,ak msÒh;s fid wíNd
ÿkafka h' ;u mq;d urd oukakg rc;=ud iQodkï jk uq;af;da pkaosud bj bux f,dalx mNdfia;s'
nj weiQ wx.=,sud, f.a uj jQ uka;dks" mq;d fírd.kq
msKsi jkhg hdug msg;a úh' fï jk úg wx.=,sud,g hiai( hul=¦ l;x( l<¦ mdmx lïux( mdm l¾uh¦
wvqj mej;sfha tlu weÕs,a,la muKs' Tyq th ;u uj l=if,ak( l=i,ska¦ msÒh;s( j<lskafka o¦ fid(
urd mqrjd .kq ksh; úh' flfia fyda tosk Nd.Hj;=ka fyf;u¦ wíNduq;af;da( l¿ j<dfjka ñÿKq¦ pkaosud
jykafia f.a lreKd oe,g wx.=,sud, yiq úh' Tyqg bj( i| fuka¦ bux f,dalx( fï f,dalh¦ mNdfia;s(
msysg fjuehs is;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wx.=,sud, m%Ndu;a lrhs'
ieÕù isá jkdka;rh lrd msg;a jQ fial' uq,ska u
fk;g f.dÿre jk ;eke;a;d urkakg bgd f.k isá hul= ;=< mjqlï l=i,ska je<lS isá kï fya
Tyq f.a fk;g ysá yeáfha u iïud iïnqÿrcdKka j<d.eìka ñÿKq i| fuka f,dj wdf,dalu;a lrhs'
jykafia rej ,la úh' fï ;eke;a;d urd weÕs,s oyi
mqrjd .ksñhs is;+ fya lvqjla o /f.k nqÿrÿka miq újrKh
mi osj wdfõ h' tfy;a Tyqg ;ud w,a,d .ekSug
neßjk mßos Roaêhla l< Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ;u l=if,ak msÒh;s( fuhska fn!oaO l¾u kshdufhys ;j;a jeo.;a
wxYhla flf¾ wm is;a fhduq lrhs' ffck Ou_fhys fuka wm lrk
msfhú .ukska .uka l< y' wx.=,sud, fldf;la lu_fha wksjd¾h jy¨ka njg wm mj;ajk njla nqÿ iuh fkd
osjqjo Tyqg nqÿrÿka w,a,d .ekSug neß jQfhka olajhs' wmg wmf.a l¾uh mrdch l< yel' lu_h n,mdkafka
—kj;skq uyK" kj;skq˜ hs y~ keÕSh' Nd.Hj;=ka ixialD; O¾u fË;%h ;=< muks' thska neyerj .sh úg
jykafia —uu kej;=fKñ' kj;skakg we;af;a Tng l¾ufhka ñfokakg yels fjhs' l=if,ka msÒh;s hs oela jQfha ta
h˜ hs jod< y' fï jpk j,ska úiauhg m;a fyf;u njh' idudkH mdm úmdl hul=f.a n,j;a l=i,a ksid úmdl fkd
fok wjia:d we;'

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 19

 kqjK ke;s mqyqÿka mqÕ=,d w`o h' Tjqk;=frys ál fofkla ksis foa oel iq.;shg meñfK;a¡

174¡ wkaON+f;da whx f,dfld wkaOfhda fj;s f,dfjys jeä fok

;kqfl;a: úmiai;s b;d iq¿fjks weia fmfkk ok
il=kaf;da cd, uq;af;dZj oef,ka ñfokd l=re,a,ka fuka
wmafmd i.a.dh .ÉP;s ^13(8& mssßi iq¿ fj;s iqr f,djg hk

20 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 kqjKska f;drù - jeä fok w| ù
13 ^7& fmaIldrhd f.a oshKsh ^174 .d:dj&

w ,ú rg w.a.d,j kï wdrdufhys jev úiQ iufhys

tla;rd fmaIldrhl= f.a oshKshla ksñ;s lr f.k
—hkafka fldyso@˜hs weiQfõ urKska u;= hkafka fldys
o hs nj ug yeÕ=Kq fyhska —fkd oksñhs˜ lSñ'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .d:dj foaYkd l< fial'
—fkdokafkys o@˜ hs úuiQfha uefrk nj fkdokafkyso
w,ú kqjr mej;s odkuh mqKH ufyda;aijhlska hkak fyhska —uu oksñ˜hs ms<s;=re ÿksñ'
wk;=rej Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ialkaOhka f.a
wks;H;ajh .ek O¾u foaYkhla l< y' tu foiqfuys kej; —okafkys o@˜hs úuiQfha uefrk oskh okafkays
uQ,sl yrh jQfha —Ôú;h wks;Hh¡ ksh; tlu foa o hkak nj f;areï f.k ud uefrk oskh fkd o;a
urKh h¡˜ tfyhska ish¿ fokdu —Ôú;h wksh;h¡ fyhska —fkd oksñ˜hs mejiSñ¡
urKh ksh;h¡ ud o ksh;fhka u ñh hd hq;= h'
Ôú;h urKfhka fl<jr fõ˜ hkqfjka ksr;=rej ta ms<s;=re weh meyeos,s l< miq msßi weu;=
fufkys l< hq;= h' fufia ksr;=rej mxpialkaOfhys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —Tn fndfyda fokl=g ta ms<s;=re
h:d iajNdjh fufkys l< hq;= nj jod< Nd.Hj;=ka fkd jegyqfKa jeä fok wúoHd wkaOldrfhys isák
jykafia —oKavla fyda uq.=rla w;ska f.k i;=rd ljr fyhsks˜ hs jod< y' wk;=rej fmaIldr ÿys;Dj tu
fudfyd;l ;ud yuqjg ta oehs iQodkñka isákakl= m%Yak yd ms<s;=re .eku is;ñka ;u mshdg kQ,a mkaÿ
fuka" urKhg uqyqK oSu msKsi ksr;=rej iQodkñka ndr oSu msKsi blauka .ukska .shd h' weh hk úg
isáh hq;= h' tfia iQodkñka isákakd fuf,dúka pq;j wv kskafoa miq jQ mshd ysá yeáfha u msìoS w;a oKav
foõf,dj Wmoskafka h˜ hs o foaYkd l< y' we;euqka .id Æfhka th wehf.a mmqfjys fõ.fhka jeoS
fun÷ foiqula t;rï jeo.;a fldg f.k l%shd;aul t;ku weh f.a urKh isÿ úh' uy;a ixfõ.hg m;a
lrkakg fkd is;;;a tosk O¾uY%jKh l< fidf<dia mshd jyd Èjf.dia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ta nj ie<
yeúßos tla fmaIldr oshKshla th ukdj f;areï lr isáfha h¡ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Tyq wiajid meúos
.;a;d h' ksr;=rej urKdkqiai;sh jvkakg ;SrKh lr .;a y' fyf;u fkdfnda osklska u njqka jvd
l<d h' O¾u foaYkfhka miq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ry;a jQfha h'
foõrï fjfyrg jevu l< fial'
újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^174 .d:dj&
jir ;=klg miq oskla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia w¿hu
f,da n,k úg fmaIldr oshKsh Wkajykafia f.a nqÿ whx f,dfld wkaON+f;d t;a: ;kqfld úmiai;s
weig ,la jQjd h' wehg fidajka ùug Nd.Hh we;s cd,uq;af;d il=kaf;d bj wmafmd i.a.dh .ÉP;s'
nj ÿgq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia w,ú kqjrg jevu l<
y' nqÿrÿka mkaishhla ix>hd jykafia msßjrd w,ú whx f,dfld( fï f,dajeis f;fï" wkaON+f;d(
kqjrg jevu l< nj weiQ ;reKshg nqÿrÿka neye wkaO jQfha ^fjhs&" t;a:( fï f,dajeishd w;=frys"
oel Ou_ foaYkdj weiSfï n,j;a wNsreÑhla Wmk' ;kqfld( b;d iq¿ msßila" úmiai;( fjfiiska ols;s"
tfy;a weh f.a mshd kQ,a mkaÿ /ila jyd T;d fok cd,uq;af;d( oe,ska ñoS hk" il=kaf;d bj( l=re,a,l=
f,i wehg wK lf<ka weh tajd läkñka T;d ksu fuka" wmafmd( iaj,am fofkla" i.a.dh( foõ f,djg"
l<d h' jydu tajd mshdKkag oSu i|yd /f.k hk .ÉP;( h;s'
w;r u. ñksiqka nqÿrÿka f.ka nK wikakg jg ù
isákq oel ta wi,ska .shd h' fuf,dj fndfyda fokd wkaOhka jeks h' Tjqyq
h:d¾:h fkd ols;s' b;d iq¿ msßila muKla l=re¿
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o weh f.a Ôú;fha wjika jeoaol= f.a oef,ka ñoS hk l=re,a,l= fuka hym;
oskfhys msysg jkakg jevu l< fyhska weh foi whym; oel foõ f,dj Wmos;s'
ysi Tijd úfYaIfhka neÆ fial' ´ wjq;a mei ìu
;nd nqÿka jekaod h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia weh f.ka újrKh
m%Yak y;rla úpd<y' tajdg weh ÿka ms<s;=re wuq;=
jQ fyhska fndfyda fokd weh flf¾ fkd myka jQ y' wkaON+f;d( f,dal jdiS idudkH mD:.ack mqoa.,fhda úuqla;s
ud¾.h fkdols;s' Tjqyq Ydiaj; WÉfþo wdoS ñ:Hd oDIaáka f.ka
tfy;a ta ms<s;=re ;uka wfmaËd l< Ou_dkql+, ms<s;=re wkaO jQjdyq h:d ;;a;ajh fkd oel" l=Y,dZl=Y, úpËKfhka
nj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia weh ,jd meyeos,s l< y' f;drj wúpdrj;aj l%shd lr;s'

m<uqjk m%Yakh jQfha —fldys isg wdfõ o@˜ hkakhs' i.a.( nqÿ iufhys b.ekafjk iaj¾.h we;eï wd.ïj,
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia woyia lf<a fï ckauh ljr b.ekafjk iodld,sl iaj¾.h fkdj osjH f,dalhhs'
mQj_ckauhl isg wdjdo hkak fyhska th ud fkd okakd
ksid —uu fkdoksñhs˜ lSñ'
oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 21
 kqjKe;a;dyq fika iys; ureoskd fu f,dúka kslau fh;a' ^ksjkg meñfK;a&

175¡ yxidosÉpmf: hka;s yxihka hk fuka mshUd - kqn .efí ysre nn,kd
wdldfi hka;s boaaêhd h;s .=jka .en ry;a ysñjre
kShka;s ërd f,dlïyd ;uka ,;a bÿ n,fhka
fcFjd udrx ijdysksx ^13(9& w;er h;s f,dj f,dfõ we;s ;;=
o;a W;=ï ok kqjKskd
mrojd iyuq,ska urejd
Tyqf.a msßjr iuÕskd

22 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 f,dj yer h;s - ok kqjKe;s
13 ^8& ysñjreka ;sia kulaf.a l;d mqj; ^175 .d:dj&

ie je;a kqjr foõrï fjfyr jev úiQ Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia iÕ msßila wrnhd fï .d:dj foaYkd
l< fial'
újrKh

Roaê( iudêhg meñfKkafkahhs fyj;a isoaO fjhs iDoaê kñ¡

iDoaê úO [dKh IâúO wNs[a[djka f.ka tlls¡ ta iDoaê
f;dfuda wêIaGdk Roaê¦ úl=j_K Roaê¦ ufkduh Roaê¦ {dK
oskla m%;Hka; foaYjdiS NsËQka jykafia ;sia kula úIaMdr Roaê¦ iudê úIaMdr¦ wdhH_ Roaê ¦ l¾uúmdlc Roaê¦
nqÿrÿka yuqjg meñKsh y' Wkajykafia,d tkq wE; mqKH Roaê¦ úoHduh Roaê¦ iy iuHlam%fhda. Roaê hhs oYúO
mgkau ÿgq wdkkao f;reka jykafiag fufia is;sKs' jkafka h¡
—oeka ud nqÿrÿkag j;a ms<sfj;a l< hq;= fõ,djhs'
fuu Ñ;a; md,kh .ek iQ;%Ou_j, ksr;=rej i|yka fõ¡ fuys
úia;rh úY=oaê ud¾.h n,d ±k .; yel¡
flfia jqj;a fï meñfKk NsËQka iu. l;d ny
lrkakg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag bv yer mfilg ù boaê mdo( boaêmdo kï ziuDoaê i|yd we;s udj;Z hk wre;a
isáñ' ta l;d ny ksu ù Tjqka msg;aj .sh miq j;dj;a fohs' i;r Roaêmdofhda kï(
lrkafkñ¡˜ tfia is;d Wkajykafia úydr fodrgqj
1' Pkao iudê
wi, n,d isáh y' 2' úßh iudêh"
3' Ñ;a; iudêh"
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ta meñKs f;rjreka iu. i;=gq 4' úuxid iudêh
idóÑ l;d ksufldg Wkajykafia,dg Ou_ foaYkd l<
y' tu Ou_h weiQ ;sia ku ry;a jQ y' ry;a M, ,;a hk fudyq iDoaê ,eîug Wmdh fj;a kqhs iDoaêmdo kï fõ¡
miq nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.ka iuq.;a Wkajykafia,d Roaêmdo u.ska Roaê Wmojd .; yels fjhs' Roaê mdo jvd tajd
fodrgqfjka msgj fkd f.dia wyiska .sh y' os.g mj;ajdf.k hk NsËqjg osjH pËq" osjH fY%d;" mrÑ;a;
úcdkk" mqífnksjdidkqiuD;s" pq;s W;am;a;s" yd wdY%jËh
nqoafOdamia:dkhg wjia:dj m;ñka fodrgqj ,Õ hk Roaê ,efí' —uyfKks" ljrl=g fyda i;r Roaêmdo uÕ
/£ isá wdkkao ysñfhda fndfyda fõ,d n,d isg ta yerefKa kï" Tyqg ÿlaL ksfrdaOhg we;s ud._h o uÕ yerefKa
fjhs˜ hs i|ykaj we;'
ysñjreka msgj fkd hk fyhska nqÿrÿka yuqjg f.dia
tys oS f;rjreka fkd oel Tjqka msg;aj .shd oehs boaêhd wdldfi hka;s( Roaê n, we;s ry;ka jykafia,d wyiska
nqÿrÿka f.ka úuiQ y' h;s' ry;ka jykafia,d jkdys l< hq;a; l< W;=fuda fj;s' fï
ksu l< ld¾hh we; o YÍrh mj;akd ;=re fï f,dj Ôj;ajk
Tjqka msg;aj .sh nj nqÿka jykafia jod, úg ta Wkajykafia,d f,da jev jvñka fjfi;s' ry;a nj fyda wkd.dó
M,h rEm fyda wrEm OHdk n, Wmojd .;a W;=ukg i;shla olajd
flfia±hs úuiQy¡ ta wjia:dfjys yxifhda rxpqjla úuqla;s iqjfhka jdih l< yel' md,sfhka th y`ÿkajkafka ksfrdaO
wyiska .sh y' fï ry;a ysñjreka Roaêfhka hdu;a iudm;a;s kñks'
yxihka wyiska hdu;a w,,d Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
.d:djlska wk`o ysñhkag meyeÈ,s l< fial' ijdysksx udrx fc;ajd( fiakd iys; jQ ure Èkdh¡

oi udr fiakd kï ldu" wr;s" Lqmamsmdid" ;Kayd" ÒkñoaO"

újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^175 .d:dj&
W;a;di" úÑlsÉPd" ulaL :ïN" ñ:Hdfjka ,;a ,dN i;aldrdÈ
w;a;=lalxik" mrjïNk hk fudyqh¡
yxid wdosÉpmf: hka;s boaêhd wdldfi hka;s ërd
ijdysksx udrx fc;ajd f,dlïyd kShka;s

yxid( yxifhda¦ wdosÉpmf:( wdldYfhys¦ hka;s(

mshUd h;s¦ boaêhd( Roaê n,fhka¦ wdldfi( wyiska¦
hka;s( ^Roaêh we;af;da& h;s¦ ërd( kqjKe;af;da¦
ijdysksx( msßjr fiakd iys;jQ¦ udrx( ure¦ fc;ajd(
mrojd¦ f,dlïyd( f,dalfhka¦ kShka;s( kslau
^ksjkg& hkakdyqh'

yxifhda wyfia mshUd h;s' Roaê we;af;da wyfia

Roaê nf,ka h;s' kqjKe;s ry;=ka jykafia,d msßjr
fiakd iys;jQ ure mrojd fuf,dúka ksl=;aj ksjkg
hhs¡

oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 23

 tl u oyu ^-iiania ìKSu& blau jQ fndre lshk ;eke;a;d úiska fkd lgyels mjla ke;¡

176¡ tlx Oïux w;S;iai tlu tl iS,hla

uqidjdosiai cka;=fkd rlskq neß fndreldr
ú;sKaKmrf,dliai mrf,dj;a kid.;a
k;aÓ mdmx wldßhx ^13(10& whg neß mjla ke;'

24 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fndre lshkakdg l< yelsh - ´kEu mdmhla
13 ^9& Ñxpd udkúldj f.a l;dj ^176 .d:dj&

fo õrï fjfyr jev isá iufhys Nd.Hj;=ka

jykafia úxpdudkúldj wrnhd fï .d:dj
ne| ;snQ ,S len,s lmd oeuQ y' kQ,a f.dvj,a lemS
,S len,s ìu jefgkakg mgka .;af;a h' msßi wehg
foaYkd l< fial' kskaod lrkakg mgka .;a y' flfkla wehg fl<
.eiS h' jyd foõrñka ksl=;aj mßn%dcl wdrduhla
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a Ou_ foaYkd weiQ fndfyda n,d ´ osj .shd h' tfy;a weh mßn%dcl wdrduhg
fokd Wkajykafia f.a Y%djlhka njg m;a jQ y' h;a u uy fmd<j fonE ù ´ wùÑ uyd ksrhg f.k
jeäl,a fkdhdu nqoaO Y%djl msßi jeä jkakg hkq ,enQjd h'
mgka .;af;ka wkH ;S¾:lfhda wiykhg m;a jQy'
nqoaO Y%djlhka njg fndfyda úg m;a jQfha Tjqkaf.a újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^176 .d:dj&
Y%djlhka fyhska Tjqka f.a msßi msßysKs' tfyhska
TjQyq nqÿrÿkaf.a fyd| ku flf<ikakg u.la .ek tlx Oïux w;S;iai uqidjdosiai ú;sKaKmrf,dliai
l,amkd l< y' tfia is;d Tjqka f.a Y%dúldjla jQ cka;=fkd wldßhx mdmx k;aÓ
Ñxpd kï tla rEu;a ,|la le|jQ mßn%dclfhda
—Tn wmg ys;j;a kï" Y%uK f.!;uhd wmlS¾;shg tlx Oïux( ^i;Hjdos;ajh kï jQ& tlu .=K
m;a lsÍug wmg Woõ lrkak˜ hs Tjqyq b,a,d isáh y' Ou_hj;a¦ w;S;iai( blaujdƦ uqidjdosiai( fndre
Ñxpd Bg tlÕ jQjd h' lshk iq¨ jQ¦ ú;sKaKmrf,dliai( mrf,dj jrojd
.;a¦ cka;=fkd( mqoa.,hdg¦ wldßhx( l< fkd yels¦
tod mgka ´ u,a iqj| wdosh /f.k iekaoE ld,fha mdmx( mdmhl¦ k;aÓ( ke;'
foõrï fjfyr foig hkakg mgka .;a;d h' ñksiaiq
—fï fldyso Tn hkafka@˜ hs weiq úg ´ wukdmfhka i;Hjdos;ajh kï jQ tlu .=K O¾uhj;a ke;s
fuka —ud fldys hkafkaoehs oek .ekSfuka Tng we;s mrf,dj jkid .;a fndreldrhdg lrkak neß mdm
M,h l=ula o@˜ jeks ms<s;=re fohs' wk;=rej foõrï lu_hla fkd ue;'
fjfyr wi, u we;s mßn%dcldrduhl rd;%s kjd;eka
.kakd ´ ysñosßfha u foõru me;af;a isg tk nj újrKh
yÕjñka ksji n,d hhs' u.oS fldys .sfha oehs úuiQ
uqidjdosiai( uqidjdoshd kï we;a; iÕjd ke;a; l;d lrk
úg —/h Y%uK Nj;a f.!;uhka iuÕ iqj| .| mqoa.,hd h' i;Hjdos;ajh W;=ï .=KO¾uhla f,i nqÿ oyfuys
ls<sfha jdih lf<ñ˜ hs lshhs' ;=ka ydr uila .sh b.ekafjhs'
;ek ´ l=i u¢ka u| jefvk njla fmfkk fia fros
;nd fj,df.k hkakSh' udi wgla kuhla jQ l< ,S fn!oaO úuqla;s ud._fhys i;Hhg ysñjk jeo.;a ia:dkh th
len,s tl;= lr ;kd .;a nvla úoydmdñka weúoshs' mdrñ;djla fldg oelaùfuka u fmkS hhs' i;H mdrñ;dj
msrE wjia:djla olajk úOqr cd;lh Ôú; mß;Hd.fhka mjd
.eínr ,shl fuka fjfyi .;shla mdñka wmyiqfjka i;Hjdos;ajh /ls whqre olajhs' úOqr mKaä;hka hËhl=g
weúoshs' f.dÿrejkakg Tkak fukak lshd ;sìhos Tyqg tla i;shla ;u
k.rhg f.dia tkakg wjir ,efí' ta i;sh .; l< miq fjk;a
fufia miqìu ieliQ Ñxpd oskla nqÿrÿka Ou_ foaYkd wh ;uka ta fjkqfjka ì,s jkakg leue;a; m< lr;aos mjd ;uka
lrñka isák w;r foõrï fjfyrg .shd h' —wkqkag .súi .;a fmdfrdkaÿj bgq lrñhs úÿr mç;=ud wdmiq hhs' rl=fida
thska úiauhg m;aj i;Hjdos;ajhg .re lsÍula f,i t;=udg
nK lsh lsh ysáhdu yßhhs o@ uy f,dl= Y%uKhd wNh fo;s'
oeka uf.a nvg udi kuhhs' fïjd Tnf.a jev'
b;ska Wmoskak bkakd orejd .ek" ud .ek fudkjo k;aÓ mdmx wldßhx( fndre ldrhdg l< fkd yels mjla ke;'
,Eia;s lr,d ;sfhk jev' Tfí m%S;sh .ek ú;rhs Tn fï lshqu i;Hjdos;ajhg nqÿoyfuys ysñjk jeo.;a ;ek ;j;a
ys;=fj˜ hs lshdf.k lshdf.k .shd h' Nd.Hj;=ka ;yjqre lrhs' fndre lshkakkag lsis lf,l osjH fyda udkqIsl
iem ysñ fkdjk nj wgqjdj lshhs'
jykafia lrñka isá oï foiqu kj;ajd —ke.Ksh
Tn lshkafka ienEo fndreo hkak okafka Tn;a ud;a
muKla fkdfõ o@˜ hs mejiQ y' —we;a;" fldfyduo
wks;a wh okafka" wms fokakd ú;rla okak foaj,a@˜
Ñxpd lSjd h'

tflfKys fo foõf,djg wêm;s Yl%hd fu mj;a

oel ;u msßjr foújreka y;r fokl= wu;d óhka
y;rfokl= f.a fjia f.k Ñxpd udkúldj f.a
fndrej ldg;a oek .kakg i,ikakehs mejiS h' Tjqyq
ó fjia f.k Ñxpdjf.a we÷ï w;ßka wehf.a l=ig
oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 25
 wkqjKfhda okaoSug fkd miila" kqjKe;a;d wkqka ÿka ofkys mjd mska wkqfudaoka je iem ,nhs¡

177¡ k fj loßhd fojf,dlx jcka;s uiqfrda lsis lf,l foõ f,dj kQmos;s
nd,d yfj kmamixika;s odkx wkqjK ofkda kï odkh fkdmii;s
ëfrd p odkx wkqfudoudfkd kqjKe;s whu fok oka oel i;=gq fj;s
f;fkj fid fyd;s iqÇ mr;a: ^13(11& tmuKlska jqj;a mrf,dj iem ,n;s'

26 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 fyd| u lr;a - iem u ,n;a
13 ^10& wiosi uyd odkh ^177 .d:dj&

m fiakoS fldfid,a rc;=ud úiska fok ,o wiosi

uyd odkh wern Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska fï
.d:dj foaYkd lrk ,os'
tjekakla tla nqoaOdka;rhl oS tla jrla muKla
Wod fjhs' tfy;a Tn f.a ld, weu;sjrhd th uyd
Ok kdia;shla fia is;hs' fya th w.h fkd lrhs' ud
os. Ou_foaYkdjla l< fyd;a Tyq f.a is; ;j ;j;a
jrla rc f;fï nqoaO m%uqL ix>hdg uyd odkhla ¥Is; jkq we;' tfia mõ /ia lr .ekSfï m%;sM,h
msßkeó h' tu uyd odkh ÿgq mqrjeisfhda o wms;a Bg jkafka ld, weu;s ;=ud wmd.; ùuhs' tfyhska uf.a
fkd fofjks uy okla fouqhs ;j;a uyd odkhla ÿka Ou_ foaYkh flá lf<ñ'ZZ tfia rc;=ud wiajeiQ
y' rc;=ud th mrojkakg ;uka o uy odkhla ÿkafka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia mQ¾fjdala; .d:dj o jod< fial'
h' fufia rc;==ud;a ck;dj;a lSmjrla u ;rÕhg
fuka uy oka meje;ajQ y' újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^177 .d:dj&

rc;=udgu ch.%yKh ,nd fokq ßis jQ u,a,sld loßhd fj fojf,dlx k jcka;s' nd,d yfj odkx
foaúh ta i|yd Wmdhla is;=jd h' ta i|yd t;=ñh kmamixika;s ëfrd p odkx wkqfudoudfkd fid
rc;=ud ,jd uyd uKavmhla bos lrjQjd h' wk;=rej f;k tj mr;a: iqÇ fyd;s
mkaishhla Yafõ;P;% o" mkaishhla yS,E yia;Ska o
iQodkï lrjQjd h' mkaishhla yia;SyQ Yafõ;P;% loßhd( ;o uiqfrda¦ fj( taldka;fhkau¦ fojf,dlx(
^iqÿ l=v& tieùu i|yd h' uKavmh ueo iqj| foõf,djg¦ k jcka;s( fkd h;s¦ nd,d( w{dk
ms/jQ Ndck 10 la ;nk ,oS' mkaishhla ysñjreka mqoa.,fhda¦ yfõ( taldka;fhkau¦ odkx( odkhg¦
oka je<£u msKsi jev ys¢ úg mjka i,kq jia kmamixika;s( m%Yxid fkd lr;s¦ ëfrd p(
rdc lkHdjka foish mKyla o iQodkï lrk ,os' keKj;d jkdys¦ odkx( odkh¦ wkqfudoudfkd(
fufia ie,iqï l< odkfhka miq ckhd ;ukag rdc wkqfudaoka jkafka h¦ fid( fyf;u¦ f;k tj( ^mqKH
lkHdjka" Yafõ;P;%" yia;Ska fidhd .; fkd yels l¾uh wkqfudaoka ùu& ta fya;=fjka u¦ mr;a:( u;=
fyhska mrdch ms<s.;a y' oka oSfuka wk;=rej rc ckaufhys os¦ iqÇ( iem we;af;la¦ fyd;s( fjhs'
f;u uKavmh mqrd fldaá ody;rla jákd mQcd jia;=
mQcd lf<a h' újrKh

odk( okaoSu" odkh oi mdrñ;d w;r m<uqjekakhs' tfuka u

fï wjia:djg iyNd.S jQ rc;=ud f.a cqKay kï ;%súO mqKH l%shdjka w;r m%:u hhs' oka fok ;eke;a;d ish
wud;Hjrhd rc;=ud úiska nqoaOm%uqL ix>hdg fok is; wd;aud¾:ldó fÉ;kdj,ska uqojd mrd¾:ldufhys fhdojhs'
,o fuu wiosi odkh .ek w;sYhska m%ikak jQfha odkm;shd msú;=re is; ksid Nd.H iïmkak jk w;r m%;s.%dylhd
h' rc;=udg ;u m%idoh o m< lf<a h' rc;=ud tu hula ,eîu fya;=fjka Nd.H iïmkak fjhs' fndai;ajreka oka
mqKHlu_fhka cks; l=i,h ish,a,kagu wkqfudaoka fokafka odkdksYxi jYfhka fN!;sl iem iïm;a ,nkakg fkdj
;u ;DIaKdj mrdch lsÍug yd f,dj iqjm;a lsÍug h' wdhqI"
lsÍu .ek jvd;a m%fudaohg m;a úh' tfia lsÍfuka j¾Kh" iemh" n,h yd m%{dj ,eîu odkfhys f,!lsl wdksYxi
rc flfkl= muKla l< yels wiosi mskalula fldg jYfhka oelafjhs'
tu mqKH uysuh ;j;a wh iu. fnod .ekSug Tyq
ldreKsl ùu .ek b;d i;=gg m;a jQ fya rc;=ud
fukau m%S;shg m;aj isáfha h'

tfy;a ld, kï jQ wks;a wud;H f;u rc;=ud úYd,

Okhla kdia;s lf<a hehs is;S h' —tla oskhl oS fldaá
ody;rla jeh l< kuq;a tys we;s m%fhdackh l=ula
o@ NsËQka wdydr wkqNj fldg úydria:dkhg f.dia
ksod.kq we;˜ hs fya is;S h' ld, f.a fï is;=ú,s
nqÿrcdKka jykafiag fmksKs'

;uka os. oï foiqula l<fyd;a ld, ;jÿrg;a is;

¥IKh lr .kq we;' tys úmdlh jkafka Tyq f.a u;=
ckauh wka; ÿ#Å; tlla ùu h' tfyhska Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia fláfhka Ou_ foaYkdjla lr miqj rc;=ud
wu;d fufia mejiS h' —rc;=uks" fï wiosi odkh
fokakg yels ùu .ek Tn w;sYhska u m%S;s úh hq;= h'
fun÷ wjia:djla Wodjkafka b;du;a u l,d;=rlsks'
oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 27
 ilaú;s rchg jvd foõf,da hdug jvd ish,a f,dje wêm;slug jvd fidajdka M,h ,eîu W;=ï h¡

178¡ m:jHd tl rÊfÊk uy fmdf<dfõ ;ks rchhs

i.a.iai .ufkak jd foõ f,dj f.dia iem ú÷uhs
iínf,dldêmÉfpk uq¿ f,dj wosm;s ùuhs
fid;dm;a;sM,x jrx ^13(12& fidajka M,hg mroshs

28 is;=jï iys; O¾u NdKavd.drh

 ,eîu fidajka M,h - uiq oyig jvd w.h
13 ^11& ld, isgq mq;%hd f.a l;dj ^178 .d:dj&

w fkams~q isgdKka f.a mq;%hd jQ ld, ksñ;s lrf.k

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia foõrï fjfyroS fï .d:dj
oyila fkdj uyd mDÒúfha ilaú;s rclug;a"
foõ iem;g;a fof,dj u wdêm;Hhg;a jvd jákd
jod< fial' fidajdka M,h ,nd isáhs˜ hs jod< fial'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia yd Y%djl msßi ks;r ks;r isgq újrKd;aul wkqjdoh ^178 .d:dj&
ue÷rg jevu l< kuq;a wfkams~q isgdKka f.a mq;%hd
lsis úfgl .reire oelaùug fyda oyï weiSug m:jHd tlrÊfÊk" i.a.iai .ufkak jd
fyda meñKqfka ke;' ;u mq;%hd f.a fï meje;au iínf,dldêmÉfpk fid;dm;a;sM,x jrx
.ek isgq;=ud ÿlska miqúh' orejd mskg ,eos fkdù
ñiÈgqjl= fia Ôj;a ù urKska u;= wmd.; fõfoda m:jHd( uq¿ mDÓúfhys¦ tlrÊfÊk( tlu rc
fydahs fyf;u ìh úh' tfyhska Tyq oyug kud ùug;a¦ i.a.iai( ^iúisjeoEreï& foõf,djg¦
.kafka flfia oehs fya ks;r is;=fõ h' .ufkak( hdug;a¦ iínf,dldêmÉfpk jd( ^kd.
iqm¾Kd§ka iys; jQ& iuia; f,dalhg u wêm;s
oskla ;u mq;%hd weu;= isgq;=ud —mq;d fmdahodg ùug;a ^jvd&¦ fid;dm;a;s M,x( fidajdka M,h¦ jrx(
mkai,a .syska wdfjd;a lyjKq iShla fokjd˜ hs W;=ï h'
mejiS h' lyjKq j,g f,dn l< ld, tod Wfokau
úydria:dkhg f.dia osjd fNdackh i|yd wdmiq uq¿ fmdf<dfjys ilaõ;s rclug;a" ifoõf,djg
f.or wdfõ h' ;u w;g lyjqKq ishh ,efnk ;=re f.dia iemú£ug;a iuia; f,dalfha u wêm;shd
fya lEu fkd .;af;a h' isgq;=ud o .súi .;a mßos ùug;a jvd fidajdka ùu W;=ï h'
Tyqg lyjKq ishhla ÿkafka h'
újrKh
miqosk isgq l=udre weu;= mshd —mq;%h wo
úydria:dkhg f.dia .d:djla bf.k f.k wdfjd;a m:jHd tl rÊfÊk( mDÓúfhys ;ks rdcHh' idïm%odhsl
úYajdihkg wkqj l,ska l,g uq¿ f,dalhu md,kh lrk rcjre
lyjKq odyla fokjd˜ hs fmdfrdkaÿ úh' isgq mq;%hd o my< fj;s' fuh l=i, n,fhka ,efnkaklehs úYajdi flf¾'
buy;a i;=áka .d:djla bf.k .kq msKsi nqÿrcdKka tjekakl= f.a my,ùu foújreka úiska l,a we;sj ksfõokh
jykafia yuqjg f.dia ;ukag .d:djla W.kajk f,i flf¾' zpl%j¾;sZ kñka ye¢kafjk tn÷ rcl=g ima;r;akhla o
b,a,d isáfha h' nqÿyq Tyqg flá .d:djla b.ekajQ my< fjhs' wd.ñl wxYfhka n,k úg f,dj my< jk fY%aIaG;u
y' tfy;a th jyd wu;l jk fia Roaêhla o l< W;a;uhd nqÿrcdKka jykafia jk w;r f,!lsl jYfhka n,k
úg f,dj my<jk fY%aIaG;u .Dyia: kdhlhd ilaú;s rc;=ud
y' .d:dj jyd wu;l jk fyhska th lSm jdrhla h' nqÿjreka fokula tlajr f,dj my< fkdjkakd fiau ilaú;s
f;areï iys;j bf.k .kakg Tyqg isÿ úh' rcjre fofofkla o tljr f,dj my< fkdjkakd y'

tys m%;sM,h jQfha w¾:h wkqj is;d ld, fidajdka fida;dm;a;s( fidajdka M,h fn!oaO úuqla;s ud._fhys i;r M,hka
ùuhs'Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia isgq ksjfiys oj,a odkh w;r m%:uh hs' fuh ,;a miq ÿ.;s.dó fkdjk nj lshefõ'
msKsi imsßjßka jevu lrk úg isgq mq;%hd o ta
iu.u ksjig meñKsfha h' tfia meñfKk w;r ;u
mshd nqÿrÿka yuqfõ oSu ;ukag uqo,a foaoehs ìhla o
Tyqg we;s úh' tfia fkd fo;ajdhs fya os.gu m%d¾:kd
lf<a h'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag oka ms<s.kajd wk;=rej

wfkams~q isgdfKda mq;dg o wdydr ÿka y' wk;=rej
nqÿmdfudla iÕrejk yuqfõ u fya ;u mq;%hdg —mq;%h
fukak .d:djla bf.k f.k wdjdg lyjKq oyi˜
hs ta uqo, Tyqg ÿka kuq;a isgqmq;d uy;a ,Êcdfjka
th m%;sfËam lf<a h' úiauhg m;a wkd:msKaäl
isgq;=ud nqÿrcdKka jykafia wu;d —iajdóks" fuf;u
fmrosk lyjKq ishh w;g fok ;=re wdydr .ekSu
mjd m%;sfËam lf<a h' oeka lyjKq oyila ÿka úg
m%;sfËam lrhs' Tyq f.a mej;=ï o wo fnfyúka
m%ido ckl h'˜ hs ie,lr isáfha h' túg isgq;=ud
weu;+ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia —isgq;=uks" wo Tyq lyjKq
oy;=kajk mrsÉfPaoh ( f,dl j.. 29
 l;_D iAjdóJøhka jykafia
j¾;udksl .%dyl msßi" Y%jH-oDIH udOH
u.ska oekqu;a úfkdaodiajdoh;a ,nkakg
mqreÿ ù isák mrmqrla fyhska" .re;r
fõrf.dv idro ysñmdfKda" Tjqkf.a ukig
iß,k mßoafoka nqoaO NdIs;h" Tjqka w;g
m;a lrk fial' uqøs; yd úoHq;a m%ldYk
700 la muK f,djg msßkud isák fï
h;skdhlhka jykafia úiska iïmdos; O¾u
NdKavd.drh kï bx.%Sis lD;sh fodrg
jeãfï Wf<f,a oS" ta ms<sn| j tla oskla
;=, muKla ,enqKq ÿrl:k weu;=ï
ixLHdj 2000 lg;a wêl úh' ta ksid th
isx.mamQre rdcHfha .%ka: m%ldYk
kd;k nqoaO NdIs;h f,dj mqrd b;sydifha iqúYsIag jd¾;djlg ysñlï
jHdma; lsÍfï wiydh iduhsl lshkafkah'
fufyh Wfoid" ish ld,h yd Y%uh imqrd
jeh lrñka" udkj jxYhg oyï u. fy<s oekg" isx.mamQrefõ fn!oaO Ndjkd
fmfy<s lsÍfï uyd fufyjrg lem ù uOHia:dkh Ndrj jev isák .re
isák isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk ix> kdhl fõrf.dv idro kdhl ia:úr mdohka
fõrf.dv idro" ia:úrhka jykafia wo jykafia f,dalfha fndfyda foaYhka yS nqoaO
f,dj fjfik m%Yia:;u Ou_ ¥; h;skdhl Ydikfha m%.;shg ys;ldó O¾u ¥;
jrhdKka jykafia kuls' fufyjrl fhoS isák fial'

1941 fkdjeïn¾ ui 27 jkod ol=Kq t;=uka f.a m%Odk m%ldY w;r" isxy, yd
,l fõrf.dv § Wm; ,o fï h;s bx.sßis Oïumoh;a" cd;l l:d ms<sn|
m%N+jrhdfkda" Wmdê ,dNSj" Ou_¥; fufyh úoHq;a m%ldYkh;a m%Odk ;eka .kS' t;=uka
wdrïN lf<a b;d fhdjqka wjêfha oSuh' úiska" bgq flfrk uyd iduhsl fufyh
oekg Y;l 6 la mqrd Ou_¥; fufyfhys wLkavj mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi" ;%súO
fhoS isák .re;r fõrf.dv idro r;akfha wdkqNdjfhka ksÿla ksfrda.S iqj
h;skdhlhdkka jykafia uqøs; udOHfhka me;Su" fn!oaO ck;djf.ka bgq úh hq;=
iy úoHq;a udOHfhka fukau ÿrl:k lD;{;d mQj_l pdß;%hls'
;dCIKfhka mjd wo f,djg Ou_odkh
imhkafka kùkhkaf.a uki yd wdOHd;añl
l,d lS¾;s tâúka wdßhodi
.;s-mej;=ï ms<sn| meyeos,s wjfndaOhlsks'

ISBN: 981-00-4938-2