21Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part

differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. shown B. flown C. grown D. crown
Question 2: A. embraced B. enforced C. composed D. approached

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. environment B. philosophy C. medicine D. attenuate
Question 4: A. technology B. audience C. territory D. commerce

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: St. Catherine’s Monastery Library in Egypt is the first library in the world in the
sixth century.
A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to have built
Question 6: Today's weather will be a of yesterday.
A. continuing B. continuation C. continuity D. continual
Question 7: The polluted atmosphere in some industrial regions is called “smog”.
A. much B. largely C. fully D. heavily
Question 8: Too many factories dispose their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea.
A. out B. of C. away D. off
Question 9: He was so mean that he could not bear to the smallest sum of money for the
charity appeal.
A. part with B. pay off C. give in D. let out
Question 10: Judie performed very well in writing lesson. Her teacher is paying her a compliment.
Teacher: “Judie, you've written a much better essay this time.”
Judie: “ ”
A. Writing? Why? B. Thank you. It's really encouraging.
C. You're welcome. D. What did you say? I'm so shy.
Question 11: gene in the human genome were more completely understood, many
human diseases could be cured or prevented.
A. Each B. Since each C. If each D. Were each
Question 12: Unlike the other Asian states, Singapore has hardly any raw materials, .
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. has it D. hasn’t it
Question 13: Although the patient's condition is serious, she seems to be out of .
A. place B. control C. danger D. order
Question 14: Yuki and Hana are having a free afternoon. Yuki is inviting Hana to see a new movie with
him. Yuki: "Do you feel like going to the cinema this afternoon?"
Hana: “ .”
A. I don't agree. I'm afraid B. I feel very bored

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 C. You're welcome D. That would be great
Question 15: They appreciate this information.
A. to have B. having C. have D. to have had
Question 16: The sports event was and successfully organized.
A. good preparation B. good job C. well-done D. well-prepared
Question 17: The child who was caught was made to stand in the comer of the classroom.
A. behaving B. misbehave C. misbehavior D. misbehaving
Question 18: They are conducting a wide of surveys throughout Vietnam.
A. collection B. range C. selection D. group

Mark the letter A, B C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: What were the key elements of American foreign policy prior to World War II?
A. before B. during C. after D. despite
Question 20: The flowering pebble is a plant that looks like a stone and grows in arid areas.
A. deserted B. damp C. dry D. barren

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Woman liberated from child care can pursue their own interest.
A. separated from B. burdened with
C. having fun with D. freed from.
Question 22: Excessive amounts of lead in the air can decrease a child’s intelligence.
A. boom B. diminish C. abate D. swamp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their children to read when they are slightly more
than toddlers. This is fine if the child shows a real interest but forcing a child could be counterproductive
if she isn't ready. Wise parents will have a (23) attitude and take the lead from their child.
What they should provide is a selection of (24) toys, books and other activities.
Nowadays there is plenty of good material available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of
books in use about the house will also encourage them to read.
Of course, books are no longer the only source of stories and information. There is also a huge range
of videos, (25) can reinforce and extend the pleasure a child finds in a book and are (26)
valuable in helping to increase vocabulary and concentration. Television gets a bad review as far
as children are concerned, mainly because too many spend too much time watching programs not
intended for their age group. Too many television programs induce an incurious, uncritical attitude that is
going to make learning much more difficult. However, (27) viewing of programs designed for
young children can be useful. Just as adults enjoy reading a book after seeing it serialised on television, so
children will pounce on books which feature their favourite television characters, and videos can add a
new dimension to a story known from a book.
Question 23: A. cheerful B. contented C. relaxed D. hopeful
Question 24: A. bright B. thrilling C. energetic D. stimulating
Question 25: A. who B. why C. when D. which

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Question 26: A. properly B. worthily C. perfectly D. equally
Question 27: A. cautious B. choice C. approved D. discriminating

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once
considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varese (1883-1965) called thus the "liberation of
sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds." Electronic music, for example - made with the
aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments - may include sounds that in the past would not
have been considered musical.
Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded,
manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds
from voices and non-electronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to
sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments A
brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach
inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world,
the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber
strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new
types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music - tom-toms,
bongos, slapsticks, maracas - are widely used.
In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of Microtones. Non-
Western music typically divides and intervals between two pitches more finely than Western music does,
thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones or micro tones, within the same interval. Composers
such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters - closely
spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of
sound has taken on new importance as well Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at
opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium. Because standard
music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graph
like diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.
Question 28: The word “wider” in line 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. more impressive B. more distinctive
C. more controversial D. more extensive
Question 29: The passage suggests that Edgard Varese is an example of a composer who .
A. criticized electronic music as too noise like
B. modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music
C. believed that any sound could be used in music
D. wrote music with environmental themes
Question 30: The word “it” in line 11 refers to .
A. piano B. string C. blade D. music
Question 31: According to the passage, which of the following types of instruments has played a role in
much of the innovation in Western music?
A. String B. Percussion C. Woodwind D. Brass
Question 32: The word “thereby” in line 18 is closest in meaning to .
A. in return for B. in spite of C. by the way D. by this means

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Question 33: According to the passage, Krzysztof Penderecki is known for which of the following
practices?
A. Using tones that are clumped together
B. Combining traditional and nontraditional instruments
C. Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium
D. Playing Western music for non-Westem audiences
Question 34: According to the passage, which of the following would be considered traditional elements
of Western music?
A. Microtones B. Tom-toms and bongos
C. Pianos D. Hisses
Question 35: In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to .
A. chart the history of innovation in musical notation
B. explain the logic of standard musical notation
C. design and develop electronic instruments
D. indicate how particular sounds should be produced

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in
such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a
very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established
in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or
smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has
developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air
pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under
certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by
various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air
purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global
basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human
output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The
result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the
adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the
absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant;
in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the
concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health
effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide,
however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
Question 36: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The economic impact of air pollution.
B. What constitutes an air pollutant.
C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.
D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.

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Question 37: The word "adversely" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. negatively B. quickly C. admittedly D. considerably
Question 38: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .
A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas
B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled
C. the definition of air pollution will continue to change
D. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities
Question 39: The word "These" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. the various chemical reactions
B. the pollutants from the developing Earth
C. the compounds moved to the water or soil
D. the components in biogeochemical cycles
Question 40: For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in
controlling air pollution?
A. They function as part of a purification process.
B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.
C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.
D. They have existed since the Earth developed.
Question 41: According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions .
A. can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants
B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions
D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants
Question 42: According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is
only useful if .
A. the other substances in the area are known
B. it is in a localized area
C. the natural level is also known
D. it can be calculated quickly

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Question 43: Alike oxygen, which is chemically changed by our bodies into carbon dioxide, nitrogen is
A B
merely exhaled back into the air.
C D
Question 44: Working like a police officer means earning a good salary, excellent retirement benefits.
A B C D
and great health insurance for you and your family.
Question 45: Lasers are of great value in areas such as communication, industry, medicines and scientific
A B C D
research.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.

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Question 46: I’d suggest that we avoid telling any scary story stories with Janet around. She’ a bit
unstable and could get hysterical.
A. It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, who is not very stable mentally, because she only
laughs instead of getting scared.
B. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.
C. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we
should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic.
D. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let’s
not tell frightening stories in her presence.
Question 47: They were suspected to have robbed the bank. The police have investigated them for days.
A. Suspected to have robbed the bank, they have been investigated for days.
B. Suspecting to have robbed the bank, they have been investigated for days.
C. Having suspected to have robbed the bank, they have been investigated for days.
D. They have investigated for days, suspected to have robbed the bank.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.
Question 48: Had I known how crowded it’d be, I’d have never moved to Madrid.
A. I moved to Madrid only because I was unaware of how many people were there.
B. Since it was so crowded in Madrid, I decided that I would never move there.
C. In the end, Madrid turned out to be far more crowded than I’d thought before moving there.
D. I would have had a better time living in Madrid if only there hadn’t been so many people.
Question 49: Their parents gave them permission to get married.
A. “You must get married”, their parents told them.
B. “You ought to get married”, their parents told them.
C. “I give you permission to get married”, their parents told them.
D. “You may get married”, their parents told them.
Question 50: After the operation, she recovered far quicker than any of us had expected her to.
A. She recovered from the operation just as quickly as anybody could have hoped.
B. Once the operation was over, her recovery was as fast as it could be expected.
C. To our great surprise, she was back to normal again as soon as the operation was over.
D. We were all surprised at how fast her health returned after the operation.

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