Special crime investigation.

PRELIM
MODULE 1: CICOSAT Vision :

The CICOSAT Colleges envisions itself to be nationally recognized as an educational institution with
excellent, globally relevant academic and technological programs committed to producing highly skilled and
competent professionals who are morally upright, productive, service-oriented and empowered leaders.

Mission:
Guided by its philosophy, vision and commitment to educate the youth and people of the Ilocandia,
the CICOSAT COLLEGES is committed to provide affordable and excellent instruction and training in the
various disciplines, meeting national and international standards, to engage in the generation, transmission and
advancement of knowledge through research, and to create opportunities for public service through a sustainable
community extension programs.

“There is no perfect crime but there is only imperfect investigation”.Explained.

“Table Investigator VS True Blue Investigator”- Explained.

Investigation- Refers to the collection of facts to accomplish the three-fold aim : a.
Identify the suspect b. Locate the suspect c. Provide evidence of his guilt.

“THE FRUIT-OF-THE-POISONOUS-TREE DOCTRINE : This provides that

evidence obtained as a result of an illegal operation must be excluded from trial.”

THE MIRANDA DOCTRINE:

This is the ruling which requires that suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent,
and to have an attorney present during questioning process. This doctrine mandates that prior to any
questioning, the police must make known to the suspect that:
 He has the right to remain silent - that anything he says can and will be used against him in the
court of laws;
 He has the right to hire and consult with an attorney, and to have his counsel present during
questioning - and if he cannot afford to hire an attorney, one will be appointed to represent him
before any questioning, if he wishes one; and
 He cannot waive these Miranda rights except in writing and in the presence of a counsel.

TERMINOLOGIES:
Special Crime Investigation: One aspect of criminal investigation that involves inquiry on
crimes punishable by special laws. It covers also investigation on cold cases.

Criminal Investigation is the systematic process of identifying, collecting, preserving, and

evaluating of information for the purpose of bringing a criminal offender to justice (Gilbert)
 Based on Systematic Plan: Successful investigations are based upon systematic plan which
proceeds in an orderly and logical manner, without such a plan, relevant and highly significant
evidence maybe overlooked, evidence maybe improperly or inefficiently gathered and wrong
conclusions maybe drawn.
 Deals with Information: Everything generally thoughts of as evidence relating to a crime is
information subject to use.

Arrest- is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.
 Search and Seizure- is a procedure by which the police or law enforcement officer who
suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person’s property and confiscate
any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime for future court battle.

Raid- Is an unexpected visit by the police or other law enforcement officer with the aim of
using the element of surprise in order to seize evidence to be presented in court.
-Surprise attack or invasion of a place, building or facility to search contraband and
effect arrest of target wanted personalities.

Custodial Investigation- Any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a

person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his liberty subject to the provisions of RA
7438 or the custodial rights of the accused.

Information: The general term referring to the knowledge acquired by criminal

investigators from various sources; the aggregation of news, circumstances, conditions/situations, media
reports, and intelligence summary
Confession: this is an expressed acknowledgement by the accused in criminal cases of the
truth of his guilt as to the crime charged or of some of the essential part thereof. There is no implied
confession for it is positive and direct acknowledgement of guilt. It is the best means of identifying
criminal.
Instrumentation: Can be defined as the application of instruments and methods of physical
sciences to detect and investigate crimes. It is the sum total of the application of all arts and sciences in
crime detection and investigation.

Interview- The simple and friendly questioning of a willing person who possess
knowledge or information that is vital in the investigation process; - element of willingness exist
(subject can talk freely)

Interrogation- is the aggressive and confrontational questioning of a person about his

participation in a crime. It is a formal questioning whereby aggressive and accusatory questions can be
asked to the subject. It refers to the questioning of suspects, culprits, offenders, or perpetrators of a
crime. In practice, it can be used in questioning hostile witnesses.
Evidence: Is a means sanctioned by the Rules of Court of ascertaining in a judicial the truth
respecting a matter of fact.
Chain of Custody of Evidence: Is the chronologinal documentation of paper trail that
records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis and disposition of materials including
physical or electronics evidence from the time of discovery until it finally reach the court.
Witness- Any person who can perceive and by perception can relay, express or describe his
perception to others.
Crime- Is an act or omission in violation of public law ( RPC) forbidding or commanding
it.
Crime Scene- The physical location where a crime has been committed.
CSI- The process of recognizing, searching, collecting, preserving, and documenting
physical evidence at the crime scene. It covers the process of identifying and interviewing witnesses
and/or victims at the crime scene, including on-the-spot arrest of suspects. There are two primary
objectives of crime scene investigation - to establish what happened and to identify the responsible
person/s.
Collection: This is the act of gathering those identified data or facts or physical things that
are significant to the case under investigation. Collection maybe done by scrapping the bloodstains
found at the crime scene, interviewing the neighbor who saw the burglary or examination of drug
dealer’s bankbook.
 Preservation: This is a function that is continuously performed during the collection stage.
It includes act of keeping the collected evidences in their true and original form. Preventing
contamination or destruction of its substantive value. Preservation does not only involve the process of
packaging physical evidences in order that they can be safely transmitted to the evidence custodian or to
the crime laboratory. It covers the process of maintaining the objectivity of facts or information that has
been gathered from the testimony of witnesses, victims or other persons involved in the criminal case.
Evaluation: This is the process of determining the probative value of collected evidences.
Probative value refers to the strength of the evidence or its worth in successfully establishing a proof
that a crime has in fact been committed and that the suspects/accused is the one who is responsible for it.
6 Cardinal Points of Investigation: While performing his duties, the investigator should be
able to ascertain the 6 cardinal points of investigation, which are as follows:
 WHAT specific offense has been committed – name of crime

 WHO committed it - suspects

 WHERE was the offense committed – crime scene

 WHEN was it committed – date and time

 WHY was it committed – motive and intent

 HOW was the offense committed – modus operandi

Golden Rule in Crime Scene Search-

 “Never alter the position of, pick up or even touch any object before it has been minutely
described in an official note and photograph taken”
 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MANUAL
 “Do not touch, alter, move, or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is properly
sketched, marked, measured and photographed.”

Stages in Criminal Investigation:

 Preliminary investigation, also known as initial investigation, which is focused in identifying

the perpetrator/s (or criminal suspects).
 Follow-up investigation, also known as continuing or in-depth investigation, which is focused
on tracing, locating, and eventually arresting suspects.
 Concluding Investigation also called final investigation, which is focused in evaluating and
presenting evidence to prove the criminal guilt of the accused.
Standard Methods of Recording Data:
 Taking photographs

 Sketching the crime scene

 Taking down notes

 Developing and lifting latent prints found at the crime scene

 Gathering physical evidence

 Plaster casting

 Tape recording of sounds

 Video tape recording of objects

 Stages of Crime Scene Investigation:
 Preservation of the Crime Scene (locus criminis) - determine the Crime Scene Boundary –
necessary to determine the primary crime scene and the secondary crime scene
 Processing of the Crime Scene

 Documentation: record – photograph – sketch

 Crime Scene Search: search for physical evidences (objects, body fluids, impression)

 Marking/handling/tagging of physical

 Preservation of Physical Evidence - observe proper chain of custody and security in

transmitting evidences

Dying Declaration: Is the declaration of a dying person, made under the consciousness of
an impending death, maybe received in any case wherein his death is the subject of inquiry, as evidence
of the cause surrounding circumstances of such death.
Is a statement made by the victim of homicide and is admitted on the theory that a man
who is convinced that he is going to die is not in a condition to invent a story to prejudice the accused.

Extra-Judicial Confession- is a confession made outside the court following the

parameters of admissibility of evidence. Usually the result of confession during interrogation by the law
enforcement.

Judicial Confession- Confession done by the accused inside the court usually during the
arraignment stage or at any stage of the court proceedings.

Interrogation: Interview:
1.Applies to suspect and witness who refused Applies to witness who is cooperative
to cooperate
2. Needs counsel for the enterrogee No need for counsel

Prepared by:
Checked by:

PLTCOL JOEL P LAGTO,MPA Gilbert Sali-ot/ JOSE RONY T. FORRO,PhD

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR NAME OF PROGRAM HEAD/DEAN

Endorsed for Approval by:

NORMA MARIA P. RUTAB, Ed. D. Approved by:

ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICER JACQUELINE ABELLA-DACIEGO, PhD

School President
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1 4BAD, BENHAR RAMOS

2 ABUAN, JOSIE MAE MARZAN

3 ACOSTA, DARWIN OGALE

4 AGTARAP, ALDRIN RAMOS

5 ANCHETA, JAM MOAH KEN FERNANDEZ

6 AQUINO, MARK ANDREW -

7 BELTRAN, SWEETCEL CALDERON

8 BORJA, VINCENT ARCHIE MAMARIL

9 CAMACHO, SONDEN LESTER A

10 CARIASO, MARK DARREN BARTOLOME

11 DACUMOS, MICHAEL JOHN CABALLERO

12 DE LA ROSA, RICKY NA

13 DELA CRUZ, MA. APRILYN I

14 DELFIN, REGGIENALD ARGOTE

15 DIMOG, REINHARD MOEN DALE ESTACIO

16 FERRER, ANA LEA CATBAGAN

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18 GABERTAN, RASHED MACAPAGAL

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21 GRANDE, JOHN PAUL MAYO

22 GUILLERMO, MARK JAY L

23 HUFANA, JOHN CARLO CASTILLO

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25 LACONSAY, PRINCESS JERICA APILADO

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29 LOPEZ, KENNETH ATEBBA

30 MACADAEG, JOHN ARVIN HORTIZUELA

31 MANGAOANG, NEIL JUSTINE MANZANO

32 MAQUI, CLEVIN KING R

33 MARZAN, SHIELA DEL ROSARIO

34 MINA, SHAIRA MAE A

35 MONIS, PIOLO CABUSAO

36 MORALES, CARL VINCE MANZANO

37 MORALES, VINCENT M

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42 PULMANO, Daisy LOPEZ

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45 SIBAYAN, JOHN IVAN JOSE

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47 VALDEZ, JAMILLE GAYE CASTAÑEDA

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BRAVO

1 AC OSTA, MARC HERON BELTRAN

2 AMANO, EVANGELLEN LOURDES CACCAM

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4 CASTILLO, JOHN ROMEL V

5 COLOMA, ERIC JOSHUA VIDAÑA

6 CORPUZ, VANESSA ESTIOCO

7 DE CASTRO, RHEA MAE L

8 DELOS REYES, KARL ANGELO GARCIA

9 DEPDEPEN, CRISTAL BALTAZAR

10 DIAMANTE, DAN FLORES

11 EVARISTO, KHEVIN NAVARRO

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20 LADIA, ROMEL L

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22 LUBRICA, ARNEL D

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29 NAVA, ARMIE SANTOS

30 NISPEROS, MARLOU JAMES M

31 OCNING, JEFFERSON LANGEO

32 OLAIS, MARC CJ OLBINADO

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35 ORODIO, JERWIN NATALIO

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ECHO

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15 DIWATA, MARK U.

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17 GALICIA, ALJON L.

18 GALVEY, JEREMY P.

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21 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B.

22 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B

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31 OLAY, MARVIN OBRA

32 PASCUA, IAN R.

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36 SUNIO, JORDAN S.

37 VALDEZ, RONAN GODWIN B.

38 VALDEZ, RALPH ANGELO PINOS

39 VELASCO, JOHN LLOYD BULSECO