Basis
Open circuit
Fixed
displacement Fixed
pump displacement
motor
Cylinder
In an open circuit the pump delivers oil from the hydraulic tank to the
consumer.
From the consumer the oil runs back to the hydraulic tank.
2002/09 Folie 2 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Open circuit
Distributing valve
Fixed Fixed
displacement displacement
pump motor
Cylinder
With a distributing valve, the hydraulic motor or a cylinder can be
triggered two sides.
2002/09 Folie 3 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Closed circuit
Variable Variable
displacement displacement
pump motor
In a closed circuit the pump delivers oil to the consumer. From the
consumer the oil is running back to the suction side of the pump.
The pump can deliver oil in both directions.
2002/09 Folie 4 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Closed circuit
Variable Pressure relief Variable
displacement valves displacement
pump motor
Pressure relief valves protect the closed circuit against to high pressure
in both directions.
2002/09 Folie 5 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Closed circuit
Variable Pressure relief Variable
displacement valves displacement
pump motor
The leakage from the variable displacement pump and the variable
displacement motor flows to the hydraulic tank.
2002/09 Folie 6 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Closed circuit
Var. displ. Pump
with feed pump
Var. displ.
motor
filter
The leakage from the closed circuit will be
replaced by fresh oil.
The feed pump delivers oil on the low pressure
cooler side into the closed circuit.
2002/09 Folie 7 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Hydrostatic travel drive
Hydrostatic drive:
Variable displacement pump A4VG .. DA
Variable displacement motor A6VM .. DA
Folie 8 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Variable displacement pump A4VG .. DA
Pressure cut off valve Pressure relief valve
Regulator
valve
Feeding
pressure
relief valve
Performance adjustment screw Feeding pump
Folie 9 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Var. Displacement pump - A4VG .. DA
1 Pressure springs
2 Servo piston
3 Solenoid for drive
direction forward
4 Directional valve
During activated Solenoid
3, the directional valve 4 is
pushed down.
In This time, the control oil is running
to the servo piston. From approx. 6 bar control
pressure on, the servo piston is pushing against the
pressure springs and the pump is swivelling out.
2002/02 Folie 10 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Var. displacement pump / DA-Regulation
Feeding pressure relief valve
Regulator valve Pressure
cut-off valve
Feeding pump
Inching valve
Directional solenoid valve
Folie 11 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Var. displacement pump - A4VG .. DA
DA – regulator valve
RPM-depending, the feed pump delivers oil to the regulator valve. Corresponding to this, a
certain differential pressure occur on the orifice.
The differential pressure effects a force against the spring in the regulator valve and the control
pressure. This adjust a certain, RPM-depending control pressure.
2002/09 Folie 12 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Variable displacement pump
A4VG .. DA
Servo piston with
directional valve
Inching valve
Folie 13 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Var. displacement pump - A4VG .. DA
Pressure cut-off
The pressure cut-off limits the maximum pressure in the closed
circuit.
The high pressure acts through the shuttle valve 4 on the
piston 3 and valve 2 against the pressure spring 1.
If the high pressure exceeds the adjusted value, the control
pressure will be reduced to the tank channel and the variable
displacement pump reduces the flow rate.
2003/09 Folie 14 Basic Training / Travel Hydraulic
Var. displacement pump - A4VG 71-180 DA
Pressure relief – and replenishing valve
At high pressure Low pressure side with replenishing
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Var. displacement motor - A6VM .. DA
During reverse travel, the solenoid
valve travel direction is power-supplied
During 1. travel range, the solenoid
valve 1. travel range is power-supplied.
1 Drive shaft
2 Housing
3 Rotary group
4 Valve travel direction
5 Valve 1. travel range
6 Control unit
7 Discharge valve
Big swash angle 25°:
• High torque = high tractive force
• Low revolutions = low speed
Small swash angle:
• Low torque = low tractive force
• High revolutions = High speed
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Var. displacement motor - A6VM .. DA
During full speed, the control pressure reaches approx. 30 bar. In this time, the
control valve is pushed down and the var. displacement motor regulates to Q-min.
If the high pressure reaches approx. 220 bar, the control valve is moved up, against
the control pressure. In this time, the oil is running from the large side of the servo
piston to the tank and the var. displacement motor regulates to Q-max.
2002/09 Folie 18 L 506 - L 510 Fahrhydraulik
