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Stroop Effect: by A.Hoonar 11A

The document summarizes an experiment on the Stroop effect. The Stroop effect refers to the cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of one stimulus attribute (e.g. word meaning) hinders the simultaneous processing of a second attribute (e.g. color). In the experiment, participants were shown words displayed in different colored fonts and asked to name the color of the words. It was found that participants took longer to name the colors when the word meaning did not match the color, demonstrating the Stroop effect. The experiment had two trials - one with matching words and colors, and one without. Results showed participants were faster and less error-prone in the first trial, indicating it required less cognitive effort

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
89 views10 pages

Stroop Effect: by A.Hoonar 11A

The document summarizes an experiment on the Stroop effect. The Stroop effect refers to the cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of one stimulus attribute (e.g. word meaning) hinders the simultaneous processing of a second attribute (e.g. color). In the experiment, participants were shown words displayed in different colored fonts and asked to name the color of the words. It was found that participants took longer to name the colors when the word meaning did not match the color, demonstrating the Stroop effect. The experiment had two trials - one with matching words and colors, and one without. Results showed participants were faster and less error-prone in the first trial, indicating it required less cognitive effort

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HOONAR
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STROOP EFFECT

BY A.HOONAR 11A

[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher,
Amritha maam and Pavithra maam as well as our principal Sujatha
maam who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic Stroop effect ,which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and i came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them. Doing this project was a pleasure.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame
AIM:
To prove Sroop effect which “assess the ability to inhibit cognitive
interference that occurs when processing of a specific stimulus feature
impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute.”

DEFINATIONS
 Cognitive interference refers to the unwanted and often
disturbing thoughts that intrude on a person's life
  stimulus is any object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioral
response in an organism. In perceptual psychology, a stimulus is
an energy change (e.g., light or sound) which is registered by the
senses (e.g., vision, hearing, taste, etc.) and constitutes the basis
for perception.
 Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively
concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether
considered subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable
information. It is a state of arousal.
 Selective attention: This is the way we focus on a particular item
for a selected period of time.
 Control group: In an experiment, the control group doesn't
receive the experimental treatment. This group is extremely
important when comparing it to the experimental group to see how
or if they differ. 

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE STROOP EFFECT


A few theories have emerged about why the Stroop effect exists, though
there is not widespread agreement about the cause of the phenomenon.
Some reasons proposed for the Stroop effect include:
 Selective Attention Theory: According to the second edition of the
“Handbook of Psychology,” selective attention chooses “which
information will be granted access to further processing and
awareness and which will be ignored.” In relation to the Stroop
effect, identifying the color of the words takes more attention than
simply reading the text. Therefore, this theory suggests that our
brains process the written information instead of the colors
themselves.
 Automaticity Theory: Our two types of cognitive processing
include automatic and controlled thinking. In relation to the Stroop
effect, the brain likely reads the word because reading is more of
an automated process than recognizing colors.
 Speed of Processing Theory: Simply stated, this theory for the
cause of the Stroop effect posits we can process written words
faster than we can process colors. Thus, it is difficult to identify the
color once we’ve already read the word.
 Parallel Distributed Processing: This theory suggests the brain
creates different pathways for different tasks. Therefore, it’s the
strength of the pathway that plays an important role in which is
easier to name, the color or the text.
Psychologists continue to research the Stroop effect to find the
underlying cause for the phenomenon, although many factors have been
identified that affect results. For example, some variations in the severity
of the Stroop effect are found in women and men. Stroop himself first
noted that women experience shorter interruptions than men. Studies
have also typically found that older people show longer delays than
younger people.

VARIABLES
Independent variable: This is the part of an experiment that's changed.
In a Stroop effect experiment, this would be the colors of the words.
 Dependent variable: The part of an experiment that's measured. In a
Stroop effect experiment, it would be reaction times
Extraneous Variable: may include 
 aspects of the that might affect the participant’s behaviour  e.g.
noise, temperature, lighting conditions,
 Participant / Person Variable like mood, intelligence, anxiety,
nerves, concentration etc.
 The experimenter unconsciously conveys to participants how they
should behave - this is called experimenter bias

INSTRUCTIONS
In this experiment you are required to say the colour of the word, not
what the word says. For example, for the word, RED, you should say
"Blue."

Open the website


https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/ready.html

As soon as the words appear on your screen, read the list as fast as you
can. When you have finished, click on the "Finish" button. The time it
took you to read all of the words will be shown. If you want to try the
same set of words, click on the "reload" button of your browser. If you
want to continue with the experiment, click on "Continue Experiment."

PROCEDURE:
There are two experimenters-one notes the results like the time and no
of mistakes while the other reads out the instructions and guides the
participant, this experimenter is basically the interactive one who builds
rapport and guides the participant through the entire experiment.
The subject is seated comfortably. Rapport is built. Consent is taken.
The experimenter reads out the instructions and the participant is asked
to read out the colour of the word, for example, for the word, RED, you
should say "Blue."

First the participant shown a deck of cards that have corresponding


words and colors, next he/she is shown a deck of cards that will NOT
have corresponding words and color.all the verbal responses and time
taken is recorded.

DATA SHEETS

SUBJECT 1:
Name: Maanyah
Age: 16 years
Gender: Female
Roll No: R13 11B
Hobbies: Netflix,gardening,cooking
SUBJECT 2:
Name: Anita
Age: 16 years
Gender: Female
Roll No: R05 11B
Hobbies:

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
SUBJECT NO NO OF WORDS TIME TAKEN NO OF WORDS TIME TAKEN
SUBJECT 1 25/25 16.7 25/25 21.7
SUBJECT 2 25/25 13.6 24/25 22.7

 Subject 1 scored 25/25 on trial 1 and took about 16.7 sec and in trial 2 she scored 25/25
and took 21.7 sec
 Subject 2 scored 25/25 on trial 1 and took about 13.7 sec and in trial 2 she scored 24/25
and took 22.7 sec
 subject 1 and 2 got all words right and had taken less time in the
first trial which corresponding words and colors therefore it took
less cognitive effort
 Participants took more time and were prone to make more
mistakes on the second trial which did NOT have corresponding
words and color
 What this reveals is that the brain can’t help but read. As habitual
readers, we encounter and comprehend words on such a
persistent basis that the reading occurs almost effortlessly,
whereas declaration of a color requires more cognitive effort.
When there is a conflict between these two sources of information,
our cognitive load is increased, and our brains have to work harder
to resolve the required difference. Performing these tasks
(preventing reading, processing word color, and resolving
information conflict) ultimately slows down our responses, and
makes the task take longer.
CONCLUSION:
 Subject 2 often reads books and therefore was faster in trial 1
 Subject 1 has better selective attention and adaptability with more
accuracy
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 https://www.verywellmind.com/
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/
 https://www.simplypsychology.org/
 NOTES GIVEN BY PAVITHRA MAAM DURING CLASS

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