20 / 20 @ @ 20 / 20

=3
MM ‫@ت دوال‬3 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM Z01怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
MMMMMMMMMMMMMM
: ‫ب 
 آ دا‬
: ‫آــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ أن‬
+ ∞ − ∞ = ‫ ت‬.‫ع‬.‫ ح‬. + ∞ + l =+ ∞ −∞ −∞ =−∞ +∞+∞ =+∞
 ‫ا‬
0 × ∞ = ‫ ت‬.‫ع‬.‫ ح‬. l ×∞ =± ∞ ; l ≠ 0 + ∞ × (− ∞ ) = − ∞ + ∞ × (+ ∞ ) = + ∞ ‫ا ب‬
∞ 0 l 0 l
; = ‫ ت‬.‫ع‬.‫ ح‬. = ±∞ =0 = 0±  ‫ا‬
∞ 0 0 ∞ ∞

 x 2 + 2x + 3 
.*+ ‫ض‬- ./ x = 1  ‫" وا  ن ا م  م‬# ‫( إ&رة ا م‬## ‫ ه‬: lim 
x →1 
 (1
 x−2 

 x 2 + 2x + 3  12 + 2 × 1 + 3 6
lim  = = = −6
x →1
 x − 2  1 − 2 −1

 x 2 + 5x + 2 
.56 ‫ إ&رة ا‬7 x = 1  ‫ م‬23 ‫( إ&رة ا م‬## 4 ‫ ه‬: lim 
x →1 
 (2
 x − 1 
+
0 − ‫ر‬# ‫( ا‬## ‫ ا‬0
B ‫ ا د  در  أو‬C+ ‫ـــ‬ 1 +
x −1:
;53 ‫; ؛‬A ‫ن‬-A 7 ‫ا‬ ;A ;53
<
: x
→ 1 ‫ أي‬1 ‫ا
 
ر‬
 x 2 + 5x + 2 
8
= −∞ . lim
<
x →

1 x − 1 
 = −∞ :  lim (x − 1) = 0 − ‫و‬
<
x → <
x →
( )
lim x 2 + 5 x + 2 = 1 + 5 + 2 = 8
0−  1 1

>
: x
→ 1 ‫ أي‬1 !"#
 
‫ا‬
8  x 2 + 5x + 2 
0+
= +∞ . lim 
x 
→1 ≻
x −1 
 = +∞ :  lim ( x − 1) = 0 + ‫و‬
>
x → >
x →
( )
lim x 2 + 5 x + 2 = 1 + 5 + 2 = 8
 1 1

 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 
. 56 ‫ إ&رة ا‬7 x = 2  ‫ م‬23 ‫( إ&رة ا م‬## 4 ‫ ه‬: lim   (3
x →2  ( − ) 2 
 x 2 
+
0 + ‫ر‬# ‫( ا‬## ‫ ا‬0
"3‫ ا آ‬/‫ دو‬4 -/
: ‫ا‬ ( x − 2 )2 : +
2 +
;53 ;53
;53 ‫; ؛‬53 7 ‫ا‬

 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 
15
= +∞ . lim 
x→2 
 = +∞ : 
 lim( x − 2 ) = 0 +
2
‫و‬ (
lim 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 = 15)
0+  (x − 2) 
2 x →2 x →2

www.badissiamath.com 1
 0  x 2 + 5x − 6 
.ّ@/ #I ‫إ&رة ا م‬ EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G C+ : lim  
x →1  x 2 + 2 x − 3 
(4
0  
0
0
: '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim
x →1
( )
x 2 + 2x − 3 = 1 + 2 − 3 = 0 ‫ و‬lim
x →1
(x 2 + 5x − 6) = 1 + 5 − 6 = 0
.‫ّض‬- RS ‫ل‬LJM‫ و ا‬EOG : #OPQ‫ل ا  ا‬JN: A ‫ال ا‬LJM‫ ا‬4 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
. (x − 1)  #,‫ ا‬-,
#‫ه‬/‫م   آ‬,#‫ و ا‬0- ‫ر‬12 1

4‫( ذه‬/ ‫ة‬A+ .#OPQ‫ ا  ا‬: B ‫= أو‬

1 5 −6 1 x 2 + 2x − 3 x −1 x −1
+ + x 2 + 5x − 6
‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬
1 6 x2 − x x+3 x2 − x x+6
.1 .6 00 3x − 6 6x − 6
‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬
3x − 3 6x − 6
00 00

x 2 + 5 x − 6 = ( x + 6 )( x − 1) x 2 + 2 x − 3 = ( x + 3)( x − 1) x 2 + 5 x − 6 = ( x + 6 )( x − 1)

.‫( ا * و ا م‬/ E‫ آ‬E#OVJ #TA: ‫ع و‬N‫( و أ‬G‫ أ‬:#3S =
−6
x 2 = −6 : ‫ أي‬1 × x 2 =
c
: ‫ أي‬x1 × x 2 = : 3,4
5 6‫ ا‬4‫د وا‬# ‫  أوّل‬x1 = 1 ‫ و‬x 2 + 5 x − 6 = 0 ♦
1 a
. x 2 + 5 x − 6 = a(x − x 1 )(x − x 2 ) = (x − 1)(x + 6) : 5
#‫ّ آ‬4
0-‫إذن ا‬
−3
x 2 = −3 : ‫ أي‬1 × x 2 =
c
: ‫ أي‬x1 × x 2 = : 3,4
5 6‫ ا‬4‫د وا‬# ‫  أوّل‬x1 = 1 ‫ و‬x 2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 ♦
1 a
. x 2 + 2 x − 3 = a(x − x 1 )(x − x 2 ) = (x − 1)(x + 3) : 5
#‫ّ آ‬4
‫م‬,#‫إذن ا‬

. lim
 x 2 + 5x − 6 
  =
7
: ‫إذن‬ lim
 x 2 + 5x − 6 
  = lim
(x + 6)(x − 1) = lim
(x + 6) =
1+ 6
=
7
x →1   x →1  x 2 + 2 x − 3  x →1 ( x + 3)( x − 1) (x + 3) 1+ 3
 x + 2x − 3 
2 x →1
4   4

:‫ان‬-S C+  
 ‫أ‬
0
.0,< 3,4> ‫ ا م‬WJF/ @3 R# * ‫ ا‬WJF/ @3 ‫'= ب‬#
'(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  5<
0
4‫( ذه‬/ ‫ة‬A+  x 2 + 5x − 6   2x + 5  2+5 7
. lim 
x →1 
 = lim
x →1 2 x + 2
 = = : ?@ ‫أ‬
‫ل‬7#:- ‫ه‬/  x + 2x − 3 
2
  2+2 4

 x3 − 8   3x 2  3 × 22  x3 −1  3x 2  3
lim  = lim  = =12 ‫؛‬ lim  = lim  = =3
x →2
 x−2  x →1
 1  1 x →1
 x −1  x →1
 1  1

 x4 −1  4x3  4 × 13  x3 − 27   3x 2  3× 32
lim  = lim  = =4 ‫؛‬ lim  = lim  = = 27
x →1
 x −1  x →1
 1  1 x→3
 x −3  x→1
 1  1
www.badissiamath.com 2
 + ∞ ‫ار‬-:  ‫@ دا‬3 ∞  4x 2 + 2x + 3 
. EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G : xlim  
→ +∞ 2 x 2 + 4 x − 5 
(5
∞  
‫@ أآ أس‬3 B ‫ول إ‬d
.‫ ا م‬C+ ‫ أآ أس‬R# * ‫ ا‬C+ ‫@ أآ أس‬3 M ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
 4x 2 + 2x + 3   4x2 + 2x + 3   4x 2  4
. xlim  
→ +∞ 2 x 2 + 4 x − 5 
= 2 : ‫ إذن‬lim  2 
x → +∞ 2 x + 4 x − 5 
= lim 
x → +∞  2 x 2
 = = 2
      2

∞  5x 2 − 2 x + 3 
+ ∞ ‫ار‬-:  ‫@ دا‬3 . EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G xlim 
→ − ∞
 (6
∞  3x + 2 
‫@ أآ أس‬3 B ‫ول إ‬d
.‫ ا م‬C+ ‫ أآ أس‬R# * ‫ ا‬C+ ‫@ أآ أس‬3 M ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
 5x 2 − 2 x + 3   5x 2 − 2 x + 3   5x 2   5x 
lim   = − ∞ : ‫ إذن‬lim   = lim   = lim   = −∞
x→ − ∞
 3x + 2  x→ − ∞
 3 x + 2  x → − ∞ 3 x   
x →− ∞ 3

∞ 2x − 1 
. EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G : lim  2  (7
2 ∞ x→− ∞ 3x − 4 x + 3
 
= 0 − : e#f-
−∞
.‫ ا م‬C+ ‫ أآ أس‬R# * ‫ ا‬C+ ‫@ أآ أس‬3 M ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
 2x − 1   2x − 1   2x   2
 = 0 : ‫إذن‬
− −
lim  2 lim  2  = lim  2  = lim   = 0
 3x − 4 x + 3 
x→− ∞ x→− ∞
 3x − 4 x + 3  x → − ∞
 3x  x → − ∞
 3x 

0  ( x + a )2 − x 2 
. EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G : lim  (8
: ‫ة‬#@& :7J/ 0 a→0
 a 

a 2 − b 2 = (a − b )(a + b ) .‫ّض‬- RS ‫ل‬LJM‫ و ا‬EOG :A ‫ال ا‬LJM‫ ا‬4 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
 ( x + a )2 − x 2
lim

= lim
[(x + a ) − x][(x + a ) + x] = lim
a(2 x + a )
= lim(2 x + a ) = 2 x
a→0 a  a →0 a a →0 a a →0
 

 ( x + a )2 − x 2 
. lim  = 2 x : ‫إذن‬

a→0
: #:G # JJ :JJ/ ‫ود‬G ‫ع‬-/  a 

‫ود‬V ‫ × د ا‬#M‫ ا‬V ‫ ا‬2+ ‫ اول‬V ‫ا‬ .

∞
EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G : lim 
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n 
 (9
∞ n→+ ∞
 n 

r = 1 HH‫ و أ‬u 1 = 1 ‫ول‬F‫ّه ا‬+ "G ">># G>> + n ‫ع‬D#E ! ‫رة‬- 0-‫ا‬
:":S ‫ق‬5 ‫ا‬ 1+ n 
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n =  n : ‫إذن‬
2 − 1 = 3 − 2 = 4 − 3 = .... = 1  2 

#:G # JJ ‫ا‬ 1+ n 

 n
 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n   2  1+ n 
#M‫ ا‬E#  ‫ود وي ا‬V ‫د ا‬ lim   = lim = lim   = +∞ : I‫و‬
n→+ ∞
 n  n→+ ∞ n n→+ ∞
 2 
G‫ وا‬b‫ اول زا‬E#  ‫ ا‬cP3 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n 
. lim   = +∞ : ‫إذن‬
U 0 + U 1 + ........U n n→+ ∞
 n 
 
+ n +1
www.badissiamath.com 3
 ∞  1 + 2 + 2 2 + ..... + 2 n 
. EAF ‫( ا‬/ (## ‫  م‬G : nlim 
→ + ∞
 (10
∞  2n − 1 

q = 2 HH‫ و أ‬u 1 = 1 ‫ول‬F‫ّه ا‬+ "H+‫>>" ه‬# G>> + n + 1 ‫ع‬D#E ! ‫رة‬- 0-‫ا‬
2 22 23 q n +1 − 1 2 n+1 − 1
= = 2 = ... = 2 :J:S  ‫ا‬ 1 + 2 + 2 2 + ..... + 2 n = 1 × = = 2 n +1 − 1 : ‫إذن‬
1 2 2 q −1 2 −1
#N‫ ه‬# JJ ‫ا‬
 1 + 2 + 2 2 + ..... + 2 n   2 n+1 − 1 
lim   = lim  n+1  = 1 : I‫و‬
n→+ ∞
 2n − 1  n → + ∞ 2 − 1 
: #N‫ ه‬# JJ :JJ/ ‫ود‬G ‫ع‬-/
‫ود‬V ‫د ا‬
‫س‬N‫ ــ ا‬1  1 + 2 + 22 + ..... + 2n 
‫ اول‬V ‫× ا‬ . n →+ ∞ 
lim  = 1 : ‫إذن‬
‫س‬N‫ ــ ا‬1  2 n +1
− 1 

‫ّء‬l ‫@ت دوال‬3

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM @Z02怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
: ‫ اـ
ت ا>"ـ‬K‫أ‬

f ( x ) = g (x ) . + ∞ ‫ار‬DEG MN − ∞ ‫ار‬DEG !">4‫رس ا‬+ ‫ ه‬: xlim

→ +∞
3x 2 − 2 x + 3 ( ) (1

g ( x ) ≥ 0 : ‫ إذا آن‬B/ f  ‫ا‬O lim

x→− ∞
( 3x 2
− 2x + 3) : B ‫  او‬V ‫ا‬

 x → −∞
 : C x → +∞ x→− ∞
( )
. lim 3x 2 − 2 x + 3 = +∞ :  lim (3x 2 − 2 x + 3) = +∞
x→− ∞
 x → +∞

−x ; x ≤0
. + ∞ − ∞ '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim 3x 2 − 2 x + 3
x→+ ∞
( ) : #3T ‫  ا‬V ‫ا‬
x 2
= x = 
+ x ; x ≻0
.‫ك‬JF/ E/ ‫ج أآ أس‬kJ3 : @J ‫إزا‬
 2x 3   2 3  2 3
lim 3 x 2 − 2 x + 3 = lim x 2  3 − 2 + 2  = lim x23 − + 2  = x2 3− + 2
x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞
 x x  x→ + ∞
 x x  x x

+ 2 = lim x 3 − + 2 = lim (+ x ) 3 − + 2 = +∞
2 3 2 3 2 3
= lim x2 3−
x→ + ∞ x x x→ + ∞ x x x→ + ∞ x x

2
=
3
= 0 + : e#f- x →+ ∞
(
. lim 3x 2 − 2 x + 3 = +∞ : ‫إذن‬ )
+∞ +∞

.‫@ أآ أس‬3 B ‫ول إ‬d ∞ ‫ار‬-: @ ‫ ا‬: lmk ‫ا‬

.?"6'G ‫?ع و‬H‫ أ! و أ‬: #3S =

. lim
x→ − ∞
( 3x 2
− 2x + 3 )= lim
x→ − ∞
( 3x 2
)= lim
x→ − ∞
3 x = lim
x→ − ∞
3 (− x ) = − ∞

. lim
x→ + ∞
( 3x 2
− 2x + 3 )= lim
x→ + ∞
( 3x 2
)= lim
x→ + ∞
3 x = lim
x→ − ∞
3 (+ x ) = + ∞

www.badissiamath.com . + x MO) x : +∞ ‫ار‬-: 4 . −x MO) x : −∞ ‫ار‬-:

 . + ∞ − ∞ '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  : xlim
→ +∞
x − x2 + 3 ( ) (2
(a + b) -‫( ه‬a − b ) W+‫ا‬/
.W+‫ ا ا‬BO Rّ3 ‫ب و‬3 : @J ‫إزا‬
(a − b ) -‫( ه‬a + b) W+‫ا‬/
)((xx ++ )
 x2 − x 2 + 3 
2

( ) ( x +3 2
= lim 

 = lim x − x − 3
2 2
( )
lim x −
x → +∞
x 2 + 3 = lim x −
x → +∞
x2 + 3
)
x + 3 x → +∞ x +
2
( x2 + 3 ) x → +∞
(
x + x2 + 3 )
−3
= lim
x → +∞
(x + x +3
2
) = 0−

−3
+∞
= 0 − : e#f- . xlim
→ +∞
(
x − x 2 + 3 = 0 − : ‫إذن‬)
 2x − 4 
.0,< ‫م‬,#‫ و ا‬0-‫ ا‬5< x = 2 ‫ّض‬D ‫ ه‬: lim 
x→2 
 (3
 x+2

 2x − 4  0
lim  = = 0 : ‫ إذن‬lim x + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 = 2 ‫ و‬lim (2 x − 4 ) = 2 × 2 − 4 = 0
x→2
 x+2 2 x→2 x→2

(a + b) -‫( ه‬a − b ) W+‫ا‬/  x + 2 −2

.‫م‬,#‫ و ا‬0-‫ ا‬5< x = 2 ‫ّض‬D ‫ ه‬: lim 
 (4
x→2 x − 2
(a − b ) -‫( ه‬a + b) W+‫ا‬/  
0
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim
x→2
x − 2 = 2 − 2 = 0 = 0 ‫ و‬lim
x→2
x+2 −2 = 2+2 −2 = 0
0
. * ‫ ا‬W+‫ا‬/ BO Rّ3 ‫ب و‬3 ‫ال ه‬LJMo E:P A ‫ ا‬: @J ‫إزا‬
 x + 2 −2  x + 2 − 2  x + 2 + 2   2

      x + 2 − 22  = lim x+2−4 

lim  = lim
x→2    = lim
x→2  ( x − 2) ( )  (
 x →2  (x − 2 ) x + 2 + 2 ) 
 x−2   x − 2  x + 2 + 2  x+2 +2
x→2
  

= lim
(x − 2) = lim
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
x→2 (x − 2)( x + 2 + 2) x→ 2 ( x+2+2 ) 2+2 +2 4+2 2+2 4

f ' (x )  x + 2 −2 1
f (x ) = : ‫ ا ر‬pf BO‫" ا ر‬V/ WJF/ ‫ ا ر وي‬WJF/ . lim   = : ‫إذن‬
'
x→2   4
2 f (x )  x − 2 

.(( ‫ل‬#$%&  ‫ )) !ه‬.‫ أ اة  ذه‬:  

 ‫أ‬
4‫( ذه‬/ ‫ة‬A+ 

1 

 x + 2 −2
 = lim 2 x + 2  =
1 1 1
.,,4 lim  = =
‫ل‬7#:- ‫ه‬/ x→2 
 x−2   x→2 1  2 2+2 2 4 4
 
 
 x → −∞
 : C x → +∞  4x 2 + 5 
 x → +∞ : xlim   (5
→ +∞  − 
 x 2 
− x ; x≤0 + ∞ ‫ار‬-: : B ‫  او‬V ‫ا‬
x2 = x = 
+ x ; x≥0
∞
. : '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  xlim x − 2 = +∞ ‫ و‬xlim 4 x 2 + 5 = +∞
∞ → +∞ → +∞

www.badissiamath.com 5
 .‫ك‬JF/ E/ ‫ج أآ أس‬kJ3 : @J ‫إزا‬
: +∞ ‫ار‬-: : B ‫  او‬V ‫ا‬
: +∞ ‫ار‬-:
 5
x2 4 + 2 
. + x MO) x  4x 2 + 5   x  4x 2 x 4 2( x )
lim   = lim
 = lim = lim = lim =2
x → +∞
 x − 2  x → +∞  2
x 1 − 
x → +∞ x x → +∞ x x → +∞ x

 x

∞
. : '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim x − 2 = −∞ ‫ و‬lim 4 x 2 + 5 = +∞ : − ∞ ‫ار‬-: : #3T ‫  ا‬V ‫ا‬
∞ x→ − ∞ x→ − ∞

.‫ك‬JF/ E/ ‫ج أآ أس‬kJ3 : @J ‫إزا‬

 5
x2 4 + 2 
 4x + 5 
2  x  4x 2 x 4 2(− x )
lim   = lim
 = lim = lim = lim = −2
x→ − ∞
 x − 2  x→ − ∞  2 x→− ∞ x x→ − ∞ x x→ − ∞ x
x 1 − 
 x
: −∞ ‫ار‬-:
 4x 2 + 5   4x 2 + 5 
. − x MO) x . xlim   = −2 ‫و‬ lim   = 2 : ‫إذن‬
→ − ∞ −  x → +∞  − 
 x 2   x 2 

 x 2 − 16 
: lim   (6
x → 4  
 x−4 
>

0
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim
>
x − 4 = 0+ ‫و‬ lim
>
x 2 − 16 = 0 +
0 x → 4 x → 4

.‫ ا ر‬BO Rّ3 ‫ب و‬3 ‫ال ه‬LJMm E:P A ‫ ا‬: @J ‫إزا‬

lim
 x 2 − 16 
  = lim
x 2 − 16  x 2 − 16 
×   = lim
x 2 − 16
= lim
(x − 4)(x + 4)
x → 4    2 
 x−4  x−4  x − 16  x → 4 (x − 4) x 2 − 16 x → 4 (x − 4) x 2 − 16
> > > >
x → 4

x+4
= lim
>
= +∞
x → 4
x 2 − 16

8  x 2 − 16 
= +∞ : e#f- . lim   = +∞ : ‫إذن‬
0+ x → 4  − 
>
 x 4 

.(( ‫ل‬#$%&  ‫ )) !ه‬.‫ أ اة  ذه‬:  

 ‫أ‬
2x
 x −16 
2
2 x 2 −16 = x 4
lim   = lim = = +∞
>
→4  −  >
0+
x 
 x 4 
x  →4 1 x −162

ّ# R@+ .4"4S 5>E"> :‫إذن‬

: e#f-
. 0+  x ≻
→ 4 
−∞ + −4 ‫ـــ‬ 4≻ + +∞ : x 2 − 16 ‫إ)رة‬
x 2 − 16 :
;53 ;A ;53
www.badissiamath.com 6
 WJF ‫ل ا د ا‬JN: @3 ‫ب‬G
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM @Z03怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
a   ‫ ا‬WJF ‫ا د ا‬  x 3 − 27 
. x − 3 ‫ ا م‬C+  - x → 3 : lim   (1
f ( x ) − f (a )
x →3  x−3 
f ' (a ) = lim : -‫ه‬
x→ a x−a 0
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim x−3 = 0 ‫ و‬lim x 3 − 27 = 0
f (a + h) − f (a ) x→3 x →3
f ' (a ) = lim
0
: ‫أو‬
f (x ) − f (a )
h →0 h
: lim EAF ‫ ا‬BO @ ‫ ا‬4JA3 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
x→ a x−a
f ' (3) = 3 × 3 2 :  f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 . f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 ‫ و‬f (3) = 3 3 = 27 : ‫ن‬D'"< a = 3 : ‫ أن‬# f (x ) = x 3 : UV

 x 3 − 27   x 3 − 27  f (x ) − f (3)
. lim   = 27 : ‫ إذن‬lim   = lim = f ' (3) = 3 × 3 2 = 27 : 
‫ ا‬W-X)
x→3  x − 3  x→ 3  x − 3  x→ 3 x−3

 x + 6 − 3
. x − 3 ‫ ا م‬C+  - x → 3 : lim  (2
e#f- x →3  x−3 

f ' (x ) =
1 0
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim x−3 = 0 ‫ و‬lim x+6 −3 = 0
2 x+6 0 x→3 x →3

:  f (x ) − f (a )
: lim EAF ‫ ا‬BO @ ‫ ا‬4JA3 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
x→ a x−a
f ' (3) =
1
. f ' (x ) = ‫ و‬f (3) = 9 = 3 : ‫ن‬D'"< a = 3 : ‫ أن‬# f (x ) = x + 6 : UV
2 3+6 1
2 x+6

 x + 6 − 3 1  x + 6 − 3 f (x) − f (3)
= f ' (3) =
1 1
. lim  = : ‫ إذن‬lim  = lim = : 
‫ ا‬W-X)
x→3
 x−3  6 x →3
 x−3  x →3 x−3 2 3+ 6 6

e#f- . x − π ‫ ا م‬C+  - x → π : lim 

x→ π 
sin x 
x −π 
 (3
f (x ) = sin x
0
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim x − π = 0 ‫ و‬lim sin x = sin π = 0
f ' (x ) = cos x 0 x →π x →π

:  f (x ) − f (a )
. x − a ‫ ا م‬C+  - x →a : lim EAF ‫ ا‬BO @ ‫ ا‬4JA3 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
x→ a x−a
f ' (π ) = cos π
. f ' (x ) = cos x ‫ و‬f (π ) = sin π = 0 : ‫ن‬D'"< a = π : ‫ أن‬# f (x ) = sin x : UV
f (x ) − f (π )
. lim 
sin x   sin x 
 = −1 : ‫إذن‬ lim   = lim = f ' (π ) = cos π = − 1 : 
‫ ا‬W-X)
x→ π  x −π  x→ π  x − π  x→ π x−π

: limπ 
sin 3 x 
. x − π3 BO ‫ ا * و ا م‬RP x − π3 ‫ ا م‬C+  -  ‫ه‬ π
x → 3  (4
x→  2 cos x − 1
3

0 π 1 π
. '(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  limπ 2 cos x − 1 = 2 cos − 1 = 2 × − 1 = 0 ‫ و‬limπ sin 3x = sin 3 = sin π = 0
0 x→ 3 2 x→ 3
3 3
f (x ) − f (a )
: lim EAF ‫ ا‬BO @ ‫ ا‬4JA3 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
x→ a x−a
www.badissiamath.com 7
 :‫آّـــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
sin x π (sin x) ' = cos x : ‫ رب ا  أي‬.‫ ا‬C+ ‫ق‬J&Q‫أ ا‬3
3
‫ق‬,>[\‫ا‬
3 π 3 π
− cos x
2
cos x . sin = : ‫ @ا‬4#‫ا‬J ‫ر ا‬-V/ BO ‫ة‬#‫ ر آ‬ET sin
1 3 2 3
2
π 1 π
. cos = :‫ @ا‬El‫ا‬-5 ‫ر ا‬-V/ BO ‫ة‬#ql ‫ ر‬ET cos
− sin x 3 2 3

 sin 3x 
 limπ x − π 
lim 
 sin 3x 
=
x→
3 3  :‫ أي‬x − π :  
‫م ا‬, ‫ و‬0G M",) KE
x → π
  2 cos x − 1 
x →  2 cos x − 1 
π 3 3
3  limπ x − π 
 x→3 3


π  3π π
. f ' (x ) = 3 cos 3 x ‫و‬ f   = sin = sin π = 0 : ‫ن‬D'"< a = : ‫ أن‬# f (x ) = sin 3 x : UV
 3 3 3

π π π
. g ' (x ) = −2 sin x ‫ و‬g   = 2 cos − 1 = 2 × − 1 = 0 : ‫ن‬D'"< a = : ‫ أن‬# g (x ) = 2 cos x − 1 : UV
1
 3 3 2 3

: 
‫ ا‬W-X)
 f (x ) − f ( π3 )  π  π 
  f '  3 cos 3.  
 sin 3 x 
limπ  = lim  x − π3 = 3 =  3  = 3 cos π = − 3 = 3

x →  2 cos x − 1  x →  g (x ) − g
π
( 3 )  g ' π
π
 − 2 sin
π
−2 ×
3 − 3
3 3
   
 x − π3  3  3 2

. limπ 
sin 3 x 
 = 3 : ‫إذن‬
x→  2 cos x − 1
3

: f (2 ) = 1 , f ' (2) = 3 ‫ و‬lim 

f 2
(x) − f 2 (2) (5
x→ 2 x−2 
 

.
0
0
'(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  lim
x→ 2
(x − 2 ) = 0 ‫ و‬lim
x→ 2
[f 2
(x) − f 2 (2)] = f 2
(2) − f 2 (2) = 0

: *+ * ‫ ا‬EOG : @J ‫إزا‬

 f 2
(x ) −
f 2
(2 )  = [ f (x ) − f (2 )][ f (x ) + f (2 )] = lim 
 f (x ) − f (2 )
[ f (x ) + f (2 )]
lim   lim
x→ 2 

x→ 2
 x−2  x→ 2 x−2 x−2 
= lim f ' (2 ) [ f (x ) + f (2 )] = f ' (2 ) [ f (2 ) + f (2 )] = 3 (1 + 1) = 6
x→ 2

. lim
f 2
(x) − f 2 (2) = 6 : ‫إذن‬
x→2
 x−2 
 
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 ّ‫آ‬/  ‫ل دا‬JN: @3 ‫ب‬G
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z04怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
‫ه‬/
f = V U : ّ‫ه ا ا  ا آ‬/ ‫ل‬JN: @3 E‫ب آ‬G

: ‫إذا آن‬ .‫ ا ه‬EJN‫ ه ا‬: lim 2 x 2 − x + 1

x→ − ∞
( ) (1

limV ( x ) = c ‫و‬ limU (x ) = b . V (x ) = x ‫ و‬U (x ) = 2 x 2 − x + 1 : ^" f = V  U : UV

x →b x→ a

lim U (x ) = +∞ : ‫ أي‬lim U (x) = lim 2 x 2 − x + 1 = lim 2 x 2 = +∞

: ‫ن‬r+ x→ − ∞ x→ − ∞ x→ − ∞ x→ − ∞

lim f (x ) = c . lim V (x ) = + ∞ : ‫ أي‬lim V (x ) = lim x = + ∞

x→ a x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞

x→− ∞
( )
. lim 2 x 2 − x + 1 = +∞ : ‫ إذن‬lim f (x) = +∞ :  lim V (x ) = + ∞ ‫ و‬lim U (x ) = +∞ : lmk ‫ا‬
x→ − ∞ x→ + ∞ x→ − ∞

e#f-JO .‫ ا ه‬EJN‫ ه ا‬: lim  


 4x + 5 
(2
x→1
 2 x + 1 
a 
U
→ b 
V
→c
+∞ +∞ 4x + 5
. V (x ) = x ‫ و‬U (x ) =
1

f = V U : ^" f = V  U : UV
2x + 1
4x + 5 9
limV ( x ) = 3 : ‫ أي‬lim V ( x ) = lim x = 3 ‫و‬ lim U ( x ) = 3 : ‫ أي‬lim U ( x ) = lim = =3
x →3 x→ 3 x →3 x →1 x →1 x →1 2 x + 1 3

 4x + 5 
. lim   = 3 : ‫ إذن‬lim f ( x ) = 3 :  lim V ( x ) = 3
 ‫و‬ lim U ( x ) = 3 : lmk ‫ا‬
 2x + 1 
x→1 x→1 x→ 3 x →1

1+ x 
a 
U
→ b 
V
→c .‫ ا ه‬EJN‫ ه ا‬: lim   (3
1 3 3
x→ +∞
 x 
f = V U 1+ x
. V (x ) = ‫ و‬U (x ) = x : ^" f = V  U : UV
x
a  → b  →c . lim U (x ) = +∞ : ‫أي‬ lim U ( x ) = lim
U V
x = +∞
+∞ +∞ 1 x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞

f = V U
1+ x
. lim V (x) =1 : ‫ أي‬lim V (x) = lim
x
= lim =1
x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞ x x→ + ∞ x

1+ x 
. lim   = 1 : ‫ إذن‬lim f ( x ) = 1 :  lim V ( x ) =1 ‫و‬ lim U ( x ) = +∞ : lmk ‫ا‬
x→ + ∞  x→ +∞ x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞
 x 
 1
a+ 
→ b+ 
U
→c V .‫ ا ه‬EJN‫ ه ا‬: lim   (4
x 
→1
 1− x 
≺ 2
1 0 +∞

f = V U .V ( x ) =
1
‫ و‬U ( x ) = 1 − x 2 : ^" f = V  U : UV
x

  1
. lim  = +∞ : ‫ إذن‬x lim f ( x ) = +∞ :‫أي‬ lim +V ( x ) = +∞ ‫و‬ lim U ( x ) = 0+
 1− x 
x →1  →1 x 
→0 x 
→1
≺ 2 ≺ ≺

www.badissiamath.com 9
 3‫ل ا ر‬JN: @3 ‫ب‬G
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z05怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
: x → ±∞ ‫ أو‬x → ± a E ‫( أ‬/ V l ‫ث‬mT ‫ت ا‬t ‫ ا‬: ‫آ أن‬
‫ا ه‬ ‫إذا آن‬ ‫و آن‬ ‫ن‬
ّ r+
E5N‫( ا‬/ ‫د‬V ‫ا‬ f (x ) ≤ g (x ) Lim f ( x ) = +∞ Lim g ( x ) = +∞
x →a x →a

f (x ) ≤ g (x ) Lim g ( x ) = −∞ Lim f ( x ) = −∞
BO‫( ا‬/ ‫د‬V ‫ا‬ x →a x →a

g ( x ) < f ( x ) < h( x ) Lim g ( x ) = Lim h( x ) = ℓ Lim f ( x ) = ℓ

6V ‫ا‬ x→a x→a x→a

. f (x ) =
1
: x ≥ 0 C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫( أ‬## (1
1+ x + x

f (x ) = ( 1 + x − x ) 1+ x + x 
+ +
 : +E 3<‫?ا‬#‫  ا‬Mّ, ‫?ب و‬V f ( x ) = 1 + x − x : x ≥ 0 2‫! أ‬

 1 x x 

‫ب‬G . f (x ) =
1
: I‫ و‬f (x ) =
 1+ x 2 + x 2 
1+ x − x
: I‫ و‬f (x ) =   : I‫و‬
 
1+ x + x 1+ x + x  1+ x + x 
@3
. lim f (x ) : ‫ج أن‬JJN‫و ا‬ ≤ f (x ) ≤
1 1
: x ≥ 0 C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫ج أ‬JJN‫( ا‬2
‫ل‬JN: x→ + ∞ 2 1+ x 2 x

: x ≥ 0 2‫ ! أ‬I ‫ أ‬M ♦

‫ــــ‬3‫ا ر‬
x + x ≤ 1 + x + x : +E x `"V x ≤ 1 + x : !"<?_‫ر ا‬1E x ≤ x + 1

(1) ................................... f (x ) ≤ 1
: 
1
≤
1
: ‫ إذن‬2 x ≤ 1 + x + x : I‫و‬
2 x 1+ x + x 2 x

: x ≥ 0 2‫ ! أ‬I ‫ أ‬M ♦

x + 1 + x ≤ 1 + x + 1 + x : x + 1 `"V x ≤ 1 + x : !"<?_‫ر ا‬1E x ≤ x + 1

(2) ................. 1
≤ f ( x ) : I‫و‬
1
≤
1
: I‫و‬ 1 + x + x ≤ 2 1 + x : I‫و‬
2 1+ x 2 1+ x 1+ x + x

≤ f (x ) ≤ : ‫ أن‬a>> (2) ‫( و‬1) !

1 1
.
2 1+ x 2 x

. lim f (x ) : ‫ج أن‬JJN‫♦ ا‬

x→ + ∞

≤ f (x ) ≤
1 1 1 1
lim =0 ‫و‬ lim =0 ‫و‬
x→ + ∞ 2 1+ x x→ + ∞ 2 x 2 1+ x 2 x

. xlim f ( x ) = 0 : ‫ أن‬a>> ?X4‫?ه ا‬- K

→ +∞

www.badissiamath.com 10
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMZ06怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
(‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M ‫ و‬4 N x : −∞ 
‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M 4 -/ x : +∞  . f (x ) = x 3 + 5 cos x + 1 : ‫ـ‬G ℜ ‫ل‬E#‫?<  ا‬#‫ ا‬f ‫ا‬+‫? ا‬->

: lim f ( x ) ‫ ؛‬lim f ( x ) : ‫ج‬JJN‫ و ا‬x 3 − 4 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ x 3 + 6 : ‫ن‬-A x C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫( أ‬## (1
x →+ ∞ x → −∞

x 3 + 1 !"<?_ `"V − 5 ≤ cos x ≤ 5 : +E 5 5< !"<?_‫?ب ا‬V − 1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1 : ‫ أن‬M

f ( x ) < a ‫ و‬#ql a . x 3 − 4 ≤ f (x ) ≤ x 3 + 6 : ‫ أي‬x 3 + 1 − 5 ≤ x 3 + 1 + cos x ≤ 5 + x 3 + 1 : +E

#ql f (x ) : ./ : lim f (x ) ‫ ؛‬lim f (x ) : ‫ج‬JJN‫♦ ا‬

x→ + ∞ x→ − ∞

. xlim f ( x ) = −∞ :?X4‫?ه ا‬- K f ( x ) ≤ x 3 + 6 ‫ و‬lim x 3 + 6 = −∞

→ −∞
f ( x ) > a ‫ و‬#‫ آ‬a
x→ − ∞

. xlim f ( x ) = +∞ :?X4‫?ه ا‬- K f ( x ) ≥ x 3 − 4 ‫ و‬lim x 3 − 4 = +∞

#‫ آ‬f (x ) : ./ → +∞ x→ + ∞

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z07怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
1 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 3 : x C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫( أ‬## (1
(1) .....1 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 3 :  − 1 + 2 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 2 + 1 : +E !"<?_ 2 `"V − 1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 : ‫ أن‬M

1 1
≤ ≤ 1 : x C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫( أ‬##
3 2 + sin x

(2) .............................. 1 ≤ 1
≤ 1 : ‫أي‬
1
≤
1 1
≤ :  1 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 3 : ,GH  +2‫و‬
3 2 + sin x 3 2 + sin x 1

: +∞  ‫ و‬−∞  f  ‫ ا ا‬CJ@3 N‫( درا‬2

(‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M ‫ و‬4 N x : −∞  . D f = ℜ ‫ و‬f (x ) =
x
: ‫ـ‬G <? ‫ دا‬f
2 + sin x
‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M 4 -/ x : +∞ 
.( x < 0 : 4 N x ) : ‫ أي‬− ∞ + : B ‫  او‬V ‫♦ ا‬
x x 1 1
x≤ ≤ : +E ‫?اف‬bF‫"ّ? ا‬c ‫ و‬x K‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< 
->#‫ ا‬5<?b ‫?ب‬V ≤ ≤1
2 + sin x 3 3 2 + sin x

. f (x ) ≤ : ‫ أي‬x ≤ f (x ) ≤ : 
x x
3 3
(/ ql‫ أ‬f (x )
x x
C+A ‫ ر ا‬: c ‫و‬
3 3
f ( x ) = −∞ : ‫ن‬e< f ( x ) ≤
x x
. xlim ‫و‬ lim = −∞ : ‫ أن‬#G
.‫ أ‬c f (x ) : ./ →− ∞ 3 x→ − ∞ 3

.( x > 0 : 4 -/ x ) : ‫ أي‬+ ∞ + :#3T ‫  ا‬V ‫♦ ا‬

x x 1 1
x≤ ≤ : +E ‫?اف‬bF‫  ا‬f<4 ‫ و‬x K2D#‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< 
->#‫ ا‬5<?b ‫?ب‬V ≤ ≤1
2 + sin x 3 3 2 + sin x

. f (x ) ≥ : ‫ ≤ أي‬f (x ) ≤ x : 
x x
(/ ‫ أآ‬f (x )
x x
C+A ‫ ر ا‬: L ‫و‬ 3 3
3 3
f ( x ) = +∞ : ‫ن‬e< f ( x ) ≥ ‫ و‬lim = +∞ : ‫ أن‬#G
x x
.‫ أ‬L f (x ) : ./ . xlim
→+ ∞ x→ + ∞ 3
3
www.badissiamath.com 11
 : (## ‫( ا‬/ 0  RS ‫ر‬# ‫( ا‬/ 0  g  ‫ ا ا‬CJ@3 N‫( درا‬3
(‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M ‫ و‬4 N x : 0−  2 + sin x
+
. g (x ) = : ‫ـ‬G ℜ *  <? ‫ دا‬g
‫ف ا‬7 ‫ ا‬M 4 -/ x : 0  x
.( 0 − ) : ‫ ! ا"ر أي‬0 + : B ‫  او‬V ‫♦ ا‬
1
‫?اف‬bF‫"? ا‬c ‫و‬ K‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< 
->#‫ ا‬5<?b ‫?ب‬V 1 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 3 : ‫ول‬F‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M
x
3 2 + sin x 1
. ≤ g (x ) ≤
3 1
: ‫≤ أي‬ ≤ : +E
C+A ‫ ر ا‬: c ‫( و‬/ ql‫ أ‬g (x )
1 1 x x x x x
x x
g ( x ) = −∞ : ‫ن‬e< lim g (x ) ≤
1 1
.‫ أ‬c g (x ) : ./ . xlim
→− ∞ <
=−∞ ‫و‬ : ‫ أن‬#G
x → 0 x x

.( 0 + ) : ‫"! أي‬#"‫ ! ا‬0 + :#3T ‫  ا‬V ‫♦ ا‬

1
‫?اف‬bF‫  ا‬f<4 ‫و‬ K2D#‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< 
->#‫ ا‬5<?b ‫?ب‬V 1 ≤ 2 + sin x ≤ 3 : ‫ول‬F‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M
x
1 2 + sin x 3
. ≤ g (x ) ≤
1 3
: ‫≤ أي‬ ≤ : +E
C+A ‫ ر ا‬: L ‫( و‬/ ‫ أآ‬g (x )
1 1 x x x x x
x x
g ( x ) = +∞ : ‫ن‬e< lim g (x ) ≥
1 1
. xlim =+∞ ‫و‬ : ‫ أن‬#G
.‫ أ‬L g (x ) : ./ →+ ∞ >
x → 0 x x

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z08怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
: 1 ‫  ا د‬f  ‫@ ا ا‬3 ‫ب‬G (1
= ‫ ا‬/‫ دو‬4 -/
: ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬# ‫( ا‬## ‫ا‬
+ 1 + 5x − 1
lim f (x) = 0 + ;53 ‫;؛‬53 (x − 1)2 : : ‫م‬,#‫إ[رة ا‬ : f (x ) =
x→1 ;53 ;53 (x − 1)2
5x − 1
lim f ( x ) = +∞ : ‫ أي‬lim f (x) = lim = +∞ :  lim f (x) = lim(x − 1) = 0+ ‫ و‬lim (5 x − 1) = 5 − 1 = 4
2
x →1 x→1 x→1 (x − 1)2 x→1 x→1 x →1

#@J/ #I @3 . f (x ) > 10 3 : ‫ن‬r+ x ∈ ]1 − α ; 1 + α [ : ‫ إذاآن‬w#V: α ##G ‫( إد د‬2

.‫ ؟‬1000 (/ ‫ أآ‬f (x ) #P ‫ن‬-A x ‫ ـ‬#P ‫( أي‬/ ‫اءا‬J:‫د ه ا‬-6 ‫ ا‬: 2/ ‫ال و ا @ف‬dO ّ# R@+
5x − 1
(x − 1)2 #) K2D#‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< !"<?_‫?ب ا‬VG > 10 3 :  f ( x ) > 10 3 : 
+ : B ‫= أو‬
(x − 1) 2

[ ]
5 x − 1 > 1000 x 2 − 2000 x + 1000 : I‫ و‬5 x − 1 > 10 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1 : I‫ و‬5 x − 1 > 10 3 ( x − 1) : +E
2

." 6‫ ا‬2‫ر‬+‫ ! ا‬42‫ >?ا‬4 1000 x 2 − 2005 x + 1001 < 0 : I‫و‬
1000x 2 − 2005x + 1001 = 0 UV : L# ‫ب ا‬G
∆ ≈ 126,6 : ‫ = ∆ أي‬16025 : I‫ = ∆ و‬2005 2 − 4 × 1000 × 1001 : I‫ = ∆ و‬b 2 − 4ac

− b + ∆ 2005 + 126,6 − b − ∆ 2005 − 126,6

x2= = ≈ 1,06 ‫ و‬x1 = = ≈ 0,94 : ‫ان‬h
#> ‫ن‬/ ‫د‬#
2a 2000 2a 2000

www.badissiamath.com 12
 1000 x 2 − 2005 x + 1001 : ‫ود‬V ‫ ا‬CSmS ‫إ&رة‬

;53 0,94 ;A 1,06 ;53

1000 x 2 − 2005 x + 1001 :
+ ‫ـــ‬ +

x ∈ ]1 − α ; 1 + α [ : U ,G_#G x ∈ ]0,94 ; 1,06[ :  1000 x 2 − 2005 x + 1001 < 0 : ‫إذن‬

1 − α = 0,94
. α = 0,06 : ‫ أي‬α = 1,06 − 1 ‫ أو‬α = 1 − 0,94 :   : ‫ أن‬a>>
1 + α = 1,06

‫ة‬P .@#+ ‫ب‬G  #TA: ‫ع و‬N‫( و أ‬G‫ أ‬: #3S =
5 ( x − 1) + 4 5x − 5 + 4 5x − 1
x ≺a > 103 : I‫و‬ > 103 : I‫و‬ > 10 3 :  f ( x ) > 10 3
( x − 1)
2
( x − 1)
2
(x − 1) 2

: ./
5 4 5 ( x − 1) 4
−a ≺ x ≺ a (1) ........................ + > 103 : I‫و‬ + > 103 : I‫و‬
x − 1 ( x − 1) ( x − 1) ( x − 1)
2 2 2

 4
 4  > 103
 > 103  ( x − 1)
2

 ( x − 1) : I‫و‬ : ‫?ف‬b ‫?ف إ‬b !">42‫>?ا‬#‫ع ا‬D#E ! E) (1) 42‫>?ا‬#‫ا‬

2

x > 1  5
  x − 1 > 0

‫ة‬P x − 1 ≺ 0, 06 : ‫أي‬ ( x − 1)
2
≺
4
: I‫و‬ ( x − 1)
2
≺
4
: 5)
4
> 103
( x − 1)
2
103 10 3

x2 = x
x ∈ ]1 − 0, 06 ; 1 + 0, 06[ : ‫ أي‬1 − 0, 06 ≺ x ≺ 1 + 0, 06 :  −0, 06 ≺ x − 1 ≺ 0, 06 : ‫أي‬

. α = 0,06 : ‫ أن‬a>> x ∈ ]1 − α ; 1 + α [ : ‫ـ‬G  ‫ر‬,

: lmk ‫♦ ا‬
.(A / ‫ أآ‬f ( x ) ‫ن‬-A x = 1 (/ :JP‫ ا‬O‫ آ‬C f ( x ) > 103 : ./ x ∈ ]1 − α ; 1 + α [ :JA ‫ا‬

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z09怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
6x − 1 1 
: +∞  f ( x ) = : ‫ـ‬:  4 ; + ∞   <?#‫ ا‬f  ‫@ ا ا‬3 ‫ب‬G (1
#@J/ @3 4x − 1

6x − 1
. lim f (x ) = f ( x ) = lim
3 6x 6 3
: ‫ أي‬xlim = lim = =
f ( x ) ‫اب‬- ‫ا‬ x→ + ∞ 2 → + ∞ x → + ∞ 4x −1 x → + ∞ 4x 4 2
tJ ‫ا‬
1 ,6 . f ( x ) ∈ ]1, 4 ; 1, 6[ : ‫ن‬r+ x > A : ‫ إذاآن‬w#V: A C#G ‫( إد د‬2
1 ,4

(/ P f (x ) #P ‫ن‬-A x ‫ ـ‬#P ‫( أي‬/ ‫اءا‬J:‫ ا‬: ‫د ه‬-6 ‫ا‬

3
.‫؟‬
2
1
3
2
x . 4 x − 1 > 0 :  4 x > 1 : I‫ و‬x > :  D =  1 ; + ∞   <? f
4 4 
www.badissiamath.com 13
 6x − 1
1,4 < < 1,6 : I‫ و‬1,4 < f ( x ) < 1,6 :  f ( x ) ∈ ]1,4 ; 1,6[ : 
+
4x −1
: +E E)\‫  ا‬f<4 ‫ و‬4 x − 1 #) K2D#‫ ا‬5,",4‫د ا‬+‫ ا‬5< 
->#‫?اف ا‬b‫?ب أ‬V
(1) ......... 5,6x − 1, 4 < 6x −1 < 6, 4x − 1,6 : I‫ و‬1,4(4x − 1) < 6x − 1 < 1,6(4x − 1)
    
1 2
: B ‫ او‬V ‫ا‬J ‫ ا‬EG ♦
0,4
x > :  − 0,4 x < 0,4 : I‫ و‬5,6 x − 6 x < 1,4 − 1 : I‫ و‬5,6 x − 1,4 < 6 x − 1
− 0,4

(2) ................................................................................................ x > − 1 : ‫أي‬

: #3T ‫ ا‬V ‫ا‬J ‫ ا‬EG ♦

− 0,6
x > :  − 0,4 x < − 0,6 : I‫ و‬6 x − 6,4 x < 1 − 1,6 : I‫ و‬6 x − 1 < 6,4 x − 1,6
− 0,4

(3) ................................................................................................. x >

3
: ‫أي‬
2

‫ و‬x > − 1 : ‫( أي‬3) ‫( و‬2) !"E#‫ ا‬Ub,) D‫( ه‬1) 42‫>?ا‬#‫ل ا‬D
3
x >

=J ‫ا‬ 2

. x ∈  
]−1 ; + ∞[ ∩   3 
3 3
−1 +∞ ; + ∞  : ‫أي‬ ; + ∞  =  ; + ∞  : ‫أي‬
3
2
2  2  2 

: ‫ أن‬a>> x > A ‫ـ‬G  ‫ر‬, x > :  f (x ) ∈ ]1,4 ; 1,6[ : ‫إذن‬

3 3
. A=
‫ة‬A5 ‫ا‬ 2 2
3
G= .@#+ ‫ب‬G  #TA: ‫ع و‬N‫( و أ‬G‫ أ‬: #3S =
2
6x − 1
1,4 < < 1,6 : I‫ و‬1,4 < f ( x ) < 1,6 :  f ( x ) ∈ ]1,4 ; 1,6[ : 
+
@ ‫ ا‬#J3 4x −1
‫ال اول‬d ‫ ا‬C+ 3
: +E 1,5 : ‫أي‬ ‫ _?ح‬
2
1 12x − 2 − 12x + 3 6x − 1 3
−0,1 < < 0,1 : I‫ و‬−0,1 < < 0,1 : I‫ و‬−0,1 < − < 0,1
2 ( 4x − 1) 2 ( 4x − 1) 4x − 1 2

10 1 2 1
4x − 1 ≻ 5 : ‫ أي‬4x − 1 ≻ : ‫أي‬ < : ‫أي‬ < 0,1 : 
2 4x − 1 10 2 ( 4x − 1)

1
4x − 1 = 4x − 1 : x ≻ 2‫! أ‬
4
3 3 6
. A= : +E x > A : ‫ـ‬G  ‫ر‬, x ≻ :  x ≻ : ‫ أي‬4x − 1 ≻ 5 : ‫إذن‬
2 2 4

. f ( x ) ∈ ]1, 4 ; 1, 6[ : ‫ أي‬1, 6 ‫ و‬1, 4 (#: ‫رة‬-6V/ ‫رة‬-6 ‫ن ا‬-A x =

3
(/ ‫اءا‬J:‫ ا‬: lmk ‫ا‬ ♦
2

www.badissiamath.com 14
 ‫ـــــــــــــــ‬:‫ـــــــــــــــــــت ا ر‬#J ‫ا‬

:‫ت ار‬V ‫ا‬ @ ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬ BV ‫ا‬
‫ن‬#V ‫ا‬
‫ ا رب‬BV ‫ا‬ lim [ f (x ) − g ( x )] = 0 (C ) ‫( و‬C )
x→ ∞ f g

. ∞  ‫ن‬:‫ر‬J/
y = ax + b
‫ ا رب‬R#J ‫ا‬
lim [ f ( x ) − (ax + b )] = 0 Eb/ ‫رب‬/ R#J/
x→ ∞
Eb ‫ا‬
. ∞  (C f ) ‫ ـ‬
y=a
‫ ا رب‬R#J ‫ا‬
lim [ f ( x ) − a ] = 0 C+‫رب أ‬/ R#J/
x→ ∞
C+‫ا‬
. ∞  (C f ) ‫ ـ‬

x=c
‫ ا رب‬R#J ‫ا‬
lim[ f ( x )] = ∞ C -P& ‫رب‬/ R#J/
x→ c
C -PF ‫ا‬
. c  (C f ) ‫ ـ‬

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z10怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
B ‫ ا د  در  أو‬C+
: ‫رب‬/ R#J‫ ) ∆ ( آ‬R#J ‫ ا‬E f  ‫ا‬O ET ‫( ا‬γ ) BV ‫( أن ا‬##
;53 ‫; ؛‬A : ‫ن‬-A 7 ‫ا‬
x−3
x E// ‫إ&رة‬ : (∆ ) : x = 1 ‫ و‬f (x ) = (1
x −1
;A < 1 > ;53
x −1:
e#f- ‫ـــ‬ + : ‫ إ&رة ا م‬N‫درا‬
−2 x−3
= +∞ . lim f (x ) = +∞ : ‫ إذن‬lim = +∞ : ‫إذن‬ lim x − 1 = 0 − ‫و‬ lim x − 3 = −2
<
x → 1 x − 1
< < <
0− x → 1 x → 1 x → 1

x−3
−2
= −∞ . lim f (x ) = −∞ : ‫ إذن‬lim = − ∞ : ‫إذن‬ lim x − 1 = 0 + ‫و‬ lim x − 3 = −2
>
x → 1 x →1 x − 1
> >
x → >
x →
0+
1 1

. f ‫ا‬+‫ ا‬4# C -P& ‫رب‬/ M",> (∆ ) : x = 1 : ‫ن‬e< lim f (x ) = ∞ : ‫ أن‬#G

x → 1
∞ ‫ار‬-:
5x + 3
: (∆ ) : y = 5 ‫ و‬f (x ) = (2
C‫ا @ ه‬ x+2

‫@ أآ‬3 5x + 3 5x
lim f ( x ) = 5 : ‫إذن‬ lim f ( x ) = lim = lim = 5 : 01 =
x 
→ +∞ x 
→ +∞ x → +∞ x + 2
 x 
→ +∞ x

‫أس‬
- −∞ ‫ و‬+∞ + y = 5 I>‫ ) ∆( د‬5,<‫رب أ‬, M",> -,
4#‫ ا‬

www.badissiamath.com 15
 ‫ــــار‬G x
lim f ( x ) − y  = lim 
→ +∞
 5x + 3 
→ +∞  x + 2
x 
− 5 = lim
−7
 x → +∞ x + 2
= 0 : 02 =
lim f ( x ) + a  = 0
x →+∞ lim f ( x ) − y  = 0 : ‫إذن‬
x 
→ +∞

cP ‫ وراء ا‬/ ./

. ± ∞ + y = 5 I>‫ ) ∆( د‬5,<‫رب أ‬, M",> -,
4#‫ ا‬
C+‫رب أ‬/ y = −a
: (∆ ) : y = 2 x + 3 ‫ و‬f (x ) = 2 x + 3 −
7
(3
x+2

‫ــــار‬G 
lim  f ( x ) − y  = lim  2x + 3 −
7 
− ( 2x + 3 )  = lim
−7
=0
lim f ( x ) + ( ax + b )  = 0 x →∞ →+∞ 
x  x + 2  → +∞ x + 2
x 

x →+∞
lim f ( x ) − y  = 0 : ‫إذن‬
x 
→ +∞
cP ‫ وراء ا‬/ ./
−∞ ‫ و‬+∞ + y = 2 x + 3 I>‫ ) ∆( د‬j ‫رب‬, M",> -,
4#‫ ا‬
Eb/ ‫رب‬/ y = −(ax + b )
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z11怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 3
. f (x ) = : ‫ـ‬G ℜ − {− 1}  <ّ?#‫ا ا‬+‫? ا‬->
(x + 1)2
cx + d
. f ( x ) = ax + b + : 3,4) 5>‫ ا‬d ‫ ؛‬c ‫ ؛‬b ‫ ؛‬a : ##V ‫( ااد ا‬## (1
( x + 1)
2

x 3 + 3x 2 + 6 x + 3 x 2 + 2x + 1
‫ـــ‬ (( @: e63‫ )) أ‬#OPQ‫ ا  ا‬: B ‫♦ = أو‬
x3 + 2x 2 + x x +1
x 3 + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 3 (x + 1)(x + 1) + (3 x + 2)
2

x + 5x + 3 S4‫ا‬ f (x) = =
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
2
‫ـــ‬
x 2 + 2x + 1
5k-‫ ا‬3x + 2
=
(x + 1)(x + 1)2 + (3x + 2) = x +1+
3x + 2
x + 3 x + 6 x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 1) + (3 x + 2) (x + 1)2 (x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
3 2 2

cx + d 3x + 2
. d = 2 ‫ ؛‬c = 3 ‫ ؛‬b = 1 ‫ ؛‬a = 1 : ‫ أن‬a>> f (x ) = ax + b + : U ,G_#G f (x ) = x + 1 + : ‫إذن‬
(x + 1) 2
(x + 1)2
(( @: e63‫ ))  أ‬:7 ‫ ا‬: #3S = ♦

f (x ) =
(ax + b)(x 2 + 1 + 2 x) + cx + d : I‫ و‬f (x) = (ax + b)(x + 1)2 + cx + d : I‫ و‬f (x ) = ax + b + cx + d
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
3
+ 3x 2 + 6 x + 3 3
+ (b + 2a )x 2 + (a + 2b + c )x + (b + d )
f (x ) = : U ,G_#G f (x ) =
1x ax
: I‫و‬
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)2

017 ‫ا‬ a = 1........................(1)

b = 1........................(2)
a = 1........................(1)
2a + b = 3................(2)
 
 : I‫و‬  : ‫ أن‬a>>
CP ‫ ا‬+ ElV ‫ا ا  = ا‬  c = 3 .......... .......... ....(3)  a + 2b + c = 6 ..........(3)
‫ا م‬ d = 2.......................(4) b + d = 3..................(4)

www.badissiamath.com 16
 e#f- : 2  ‫د‬/ (## 4O7 ±∞  ( ∆ ) mb/ #J/ E (C ) CV ‫ج أن ا‬JJN‫( ا‬2
lim f ( x ) − ( x + 1)  = 0 3x + 2 3x + 2
x →+ ∞ [ f (x) − (x + 1)] = : I‫ و‬f (x ) = (x + 1) +
(x + 1) 2
(x + 1)2
./ ‫وم‬/ z ‫ا‬
3x + 2
lim [ f (x ) − (x + 1)] =
3x 3
lim = lim 2 = lim = 0 : ‫إذن‬
Eb/ cP ‫ وراء ا‬/ x →+ ∞ x → + ∞ ( x + 1) 2 x →+ ∞ x x →+ ∞ x

. −∞ ‫ و‬+∞ ‫ار‬DEG (C ) 4# j ‫رب‬, M",> (∆ ) : y = x + 1 : ‫ن‬e< xlim

→+ ∞
[ f (x) − (x + 1)] = 0 : ‫ أن‬#G

: ( ∆ ) R#JO  : (C ) BV ‫ ا‬#f‫ و‬V (3

: f (x ) − (x + 1) : ‫?ق‬O‫رس إ[رة ا‬+
B ‫ ا د  در  أو‬C+
;53 ‫; ؛‬A : ‫ن‬-A 7 ‫ا‬ ;A − 1 ;A − 3 ;53
2
3x + 2
:
7 ‫ ا‬: ‫ة‬#F@
f (x + 1)2 ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ +
: ‫ أن‬3G‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M
3x + 2
.‫ دو‬K2D ‫م‬,#‫ن ا‬F 0-‫?ق ! إ[رة ا'? و إ[رة ا'? ! إ[رة ا‬O‫ [ إذن إ[رة ا‬f (x ) − (x + 1)] =
(x + 1)2
x −∞ −1 − 2
3 +∞
f (x ) − (x + 1) ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ +

"lD‫ا‬ (∆ ) m4) (C ) (∆ ) m4) (C ) (∆ ) U_,

(C ) (∆ ) ‫ق‬D< (C )
A ( − 23 ; 13 ) 5<

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z12怀î‹ánÜa@Þy

. g ( x ) = x − 3x + 5 : ℜ  <ّ? g
2
‫ و‬f (x ) =
( x − 1) ( x + 1)
2
: ℜ − {− 2}  <ّ? f

x+2
a
. f (x ) = g (x ) + : ‫ن‬-A ℜ − {−2} (/ x C#G ‫ د‬E‫ آ‬E ‫( أ‬/ w#V: a C#V ‫( ا د ا‬## (1
x +2

f (x ) =
x3 − x2 − x + 1
: ‫ إذن‬f (x ) =
( x − 1) (x + 1) (x − 1)(x − 1)(x + 1) (x − 1) x 2 − 1 x 3 − x 2 − x + 1
2
= = =
( )
x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2

4‫( ذه‬/ ‫ة‬A+ ‫ة‬A5 ‫ ا‬e#f-

: #OPQ‫ ا  ا‬#/‫ارز‬-M EJ3

−1 −1 1 × (− 2) = −2 x3 − x2 − x + 1 x + 2
1 1 −2 ‫ـــ‬
+ −2 + +
6 − 10
−1 + ( −2 ) = − 3
(x 3
+ 2x 2 ) x 2 − 3x + 5
− 3x 2 − x
.1 ‫ ــ‬3 .5 ‫ـــ‬
-9
(− 3)(− 2) = 6 (− 3x 2
− 6x )
( −1) + ( 6 ) = 5 5 x + 10
‫ـــ‬
5 × ( − 2) = −10 (− 5 x + 10)
f (x ) =
(
www.badissiamath.com )
x 2 − 3 x + 5 ( x + 2) − 9 1 + (− 1017)= −9 −9
x+2 (
x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 = x 2 − 3 x + 5 ( x + 2) )
 ( )
f (x ) = x 2 − 3x + 5 −
9
: I‫ و‬f (x ) =
(
x 2 − 3 x + 5 ( x + 2)
−
)9
: I‫ و‬f (x ) =
(
x 2 − 3 x + 5 ( x + 2) − 9 )
x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2
a 9
ElV ‫ ا‬C‫ ه‬: g ( x ) . a = −9 : ‫ أن‬a>> f ( x ) = g ( x ) + : U ,G_#G f ( x ) = g ( x ) − : I‫و‬
x+2 x+2
CP ‫ ا‬-‫ ه‬: a : #3#: #J ‫ ا‬#5 ‫ و‬lim f ( x ) − g ( x )  ‫ و‬lim f ( x ) − g ( x )  : ‫ب‬G (2
x →+ ∞ x →− ∞

(C )
g (C )f [ f (x) − g (x)] = − 9
:  f (x ) = g (x ) −
9
: 3G‫ال ا‬g‫! ا‬
x+2 x+2
−9 −9
lim  f ( x ) − g ( x )  = lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim  f ( x ) − g ( x )  = lim = 0 : ‫إذن‬
x→ − ∞ x→ − ∞ x + 2 x→ + ∞ x→ + ∞ x + 2
‫ن‬#V ‫ا‬
‫ن‬:‫ر‬J/ : @#O Eّ6V ‫ ا‬#JO CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
∞ ‫ار‬-:
. + ∞ + ‫ و‬− ∞ + !"G‫ر‬,> (C f ) ‫( و‬C g ) !""4#‫ا‬

. + ∞ ‫ و‬− ∞ ‫ار‬DEG !"G‫ر‬,> !""4#‫ أن ا‬f\ ‫ب و‬-NV : I" X4#‫ ا‬4#‫ أ @? ا‬: tGm/

‫ارـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬JN‫ا‬
: ./ a  ‫ة‬J/ f :  ‫ا‬O ‫إذا آن‬
. Lim f (x ) = f (a ) ‫ و‬a ∈D f
x → a G‫ وا‬EA&
. Lim f (x ) = Lim f (x ) = f (a ) ‫ و‬a ∈D f
<
x → a >
x → a O7/ #P ‫ن أو ذات‬mA&
‫ل‬E#‫ا ا‬1‫ ! ه‬73 E‫?ة  آ‬#> m ‫ إذا آ‬I ‫ل‬E  ‫?ة‬#> f ‫ا‬+‫ن ا‬D') :01 tGm/
. a  ‫ة‬J/ #I C@+ a  +/ #I f "3‫ إذا آ‬:02 tGm/
.O
?) D#E  ‫?ة‬#> ## ‫ود ؛ ا = و ا‬V ‫ات ا‬#T‫وال آ‬+‫ ا‬: ‫ـــــــ‬#lM

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z13怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
 x2 − x − 2
 f (x) = ; x≠2
G‫ وا‬EA& ‫دا  ذات‬ .  x−2
 f (x) = 3 ; x = 2
: 5
#‫ دا ?< آ‬f

: x = 2  f  ‫ار ا ا‬JN‫ ا‬N‫( درا‬1

.‫ ؟‬Lim f (x ) = f (2) ‫ و‬2 ∈D f : ‫ إذا آن‬x = 2 + ‫?ّة‬#> f : G‫ وا‬EA&  ‫ا‬O
‫ة‬tJ ‫ ا‬#J ‫ا‬ x → 2

. 2 ∈D f : ‫ إذن‬D f = ℜ − {2} ∪ {2} = ℜ : `

?>‫ ا‬D#E 
‫ل‬7#:- t3
.‫ ؟‬V
‫ أ‬Lim f (x ) = 3 : ‫ ه‬f (2) = 3 ‫ و‬2 ∈D f : ‫ أن‬M 
x2 − x − 2 x → 2
Lim =
x → 2 x−2
x 2 − x − 2 22 − 2 − 2
'(‫م )""! ! ا‬+  Lim f (x ) = Lim
0
2x − 1 . =
Lim = 3 0 x → 2 x
→ 2 x−2 2−2
x → 2 1
www.badissiamath.com 18
 .‫ّض‬- RS ‫ل‬LJM‫ و ا‬EOG : #OPQ‫ ا  ا‬#/‫ارز‬-M ‫ل‬JN: A ‫ال ا‬LJM‫ ا‬4 ‫ ه‬: @J ‫إزا‬
. (x − 2)  #,‫ ا‬-,
0-‫م   ا‬,#‫ و ا‬0- ‫ر‬12 2
WJF ‫ ا د ا‬: ‫ع‬N‫ أ‬#3S = .#OPQ‫ ا  ا‬: B ‫= أو‬
x0 = 2 ‫ و‬g ( x ) = x 2 − x : UV 4‫( ذه‬/ ‫ة‬A+
g ' ( x ) = 2 x − 1 ‫ و‬g ( 2) = 2 : ‫إذن‬ 1 −1 −2 2
+ x2 − x − 2 x−2
+ ‫ـــ‬
Lim
(x 2
)
− x − ( 2)
= : 
‫ ا‬W-X)
2 2 x 2 − 2x x +1
x 
→2 x−2 .1 .1 00 x−2
‫ـــ‬
g ( x ) − g ( 2) x−2
Lim = g ' ( 2)
x 
→2 x−2 00
= 2 × 2 −1
‫ع‬N‫( و أ‬G‫أ‬ x 2 − x − 2 = (x + 1)(x − 2) x 2 − x − 2 = (x + 1)(x − 2)
=3

. Lim f (x ) = 3 : ‫أي‬ Lim f (x) = Lim

x2 − x − 2
= Lim
(x + 1)(x − 2) = Lim (x + 1) = 3 : ‫إذن‬
x → 2 x → 2 x→ 2 x−2 x → 2 x−2 x → 2

. x = 2  ‫ّة‬J/ f : ./ Lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 ) = 3 ‫ و‬2 ∈ D f : lmk ‫ا‬

x 
→2

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z14怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
 x
 f (x ) =
1
+ x2 + ; x≠0
 2x 2 : 5
#‫ دا ?< آ‬f
O7/ #P ‫دا  ذات‬  f (x ) = 1 ; x = 0

 (.....) ; (.....) ≥ 0 : O7/ #P ‫ ا ا  ذات‬: x = 0  f  ‫ار ا ا‬JN‫ ا‬N‫درا‬

(.....) = 
− ..... ; ..... < 0
 ( ) ( ) : O7 ‫ ا‬# ‫ ا‬L/‫ دون ر‬f :J‫ آ‬
 f ( x) = x2 ; x < 0.   −x
 f (x ) =
1 1 1
 f ( x ) = − 2 + x + 2 ; x < 0 + x2 + ; x<0
2

 f ( x ) = x + 1 ; x > 0.
2x 2
2
: ‫ أي‬ : I‫ و‬
  f ( x) = 1 + x2 + 1 ; x > 0  f (x ) = x 1
 f ( x) = 1 ; x = 0. + x2 + ; x>0
 2 2  2x 2

.‫ ؟‬Lim f (x ) = Lim f (x ) = f (0) = 1 ‫ و‬0 ∈D f : ‫ إذا آن‬x = 0 + ‫?ّة‬#> f

(C )
f
<
x → 0
>
x → 0

: pJ ‫ ا‬-/ 

. 0 ∈ D f :  D f = ℜ − {0} ∪ {0} = ℜ
‫ة‬J/ #I  ‫ا ا‬
.‫ ؟‬V
‫ أ‬Lim f (x ) = Lim f (x) = 1 : ‫ ه‬f (0) = 1 ‫ و‬0 ∈ D f : ‫ أن‬M
0  BV ‫ّ
ا‬7J <
x → 0
>
x → 0

Lim
>
f (x ) = 1 : ‫ أي‬Lim
>
f (x ) = Lim
>
x2 +1 = 1 ‫و‬ Lim
<
f (x ) = 0 : ‫ أي‬Lim
<
f (x ) = Lim
<
x2 = 0
x → 0 x → 0 x → 0 x → 0 x → 0 x → 0

. x = 0  ‫ّة‬J/ #I f : ‫ن‬r+ Lim f ( x ) ≠ Lim f ( x ) ‫ أن‬: : lmk ‫ا‬

< >
x  →0 x  →0

www.badissiamath.com 19
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z15怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
 f (x ) = α + 1 ; 2≤ x<3
.  ; α ∈ ℜ : 5
#‫ دا ?< آ‬f
 f (x ) = x + α − 2 ; 3 ≤ x < 5
: x = 3  f  ‫ار ا ا‬JN‫ ا‬N‫( درا‬1

@  ‫دا‬ : ‫ن‬mA& @  ‫ ا ا‬

.‫ ؟‬Lim f (x ) = Lim f (x ) = f (3) ‫ و‬3 ∈D f : ‫ إذا آن‬x = 3 + ‫?ّة‬#> f
< >

‫ن‬mA&
x → 3 x → 3

: pJ ‫ ا‬-/ 

. 3 ∈ D f :  D f = [2 ; 3[ ∪ [3 ; 5[ = [2 ; 5[
.‫ ؟‬V
‫ أ‬Lim f (x ) = Lim = f (3) : ‫ ه‬f (3) = 3 + α − 2 = α + 1 ‫ و‬3 ∈ D f : ‫ أن‬M
< >
x → 3 x → 3

. Lim f (x) = Lim x + α − 2 = 3 + α − 2 = α + 1

> >
‫و‬ Lim
<
f (x ) = Lim
<
α +1 = α +1
x → 3 x → 3 x → 3 x → 3

Lim
>
f (x ) = α + 1 ‫و‬ Lim
<
f (x ) = α + 1 : ‫إذن‬
x → 3 x → 3

. x = 3 + ‫?ّة‬#> f : ‫ن‬e< Lim f ( x ) = Lim f ( x ) = f ( 3) = α + 1 :‫ أن‬#G : lmk ‫ا‬

< >
x  →3 x  →3

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z16怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
 x2
(
f x =) ; x≠0
.  4 + x2 − 2 : 5
#‫ دا ?< آ‬f
#A  |/  f (x) = a .
 ; x=0

. f (x ) = 4 + x 2 + 2 : x ≠ 0 E ‫( أ‬/ 23‫ أ‬WVJ ‫( ا‬1

x2  4 + x 2 + 2 x2
f (x ) = 

 : +E ‫م‬,#‫ ا‬3<‫  ?ا‬M, ‫?ب و‬V f (x ) =
 : x ≠ 0 2‫! أ‬
4 + x 2 − 2  4 + x 2 + 2 4 + x2 − 2

f (x) =
x2 ( 4 + x + 2) : I‫ و‬f (x) = x ( 4 + x + 2) : I‫ و‬f (x) = x ( 4 + x + 2) : I‫و‬
2 2 2 2 2

x2 4 + x2 − 4 2

ّ# R@+ 4 + x2 − 22

. f (x) = 4 + x 2 + 2 : +E x ≠ 0 2‫ل ! أ‬h>o

0  ‫ة‬J/  ‫ا ا‬

ّ7J/ #I BV ‫ن ا‬ : ℜ BO ‫ة‬J/ f ‫ن‬-A BJG a #P ‫ج‬JJN‫( ا‬2
.‫ل‬E#‫ا ا‬1‫_ ! ه‬, ‫ آ‬+ <?  F ]− ∞ ; 0[ ∪ ]0 ;+∞[ ‫ل‬E#‫?ة  ا‬#> f
(C )f D f = ℜ − {0} ∪ {0} = ℜ ‫ ؟‬x = 0 + ‫?ة‬#> m ‫ إذا آ‬ℜ  ‫?ة‬#> f ‫ن‬D')

.‫ ؟‬Lim f (x) = f (0) = a ‫ و‬0 ∈ D f : ‫ إذا آن‬0 + ‫?ة‬#> f

A(0 ; 4)
x → 0

f (0) = 4
‫ر‬- 73 Lim f (x ) = Lim 4 + x2 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 4 = a ‫ و‬f (0) = a ‫ و‬0 ∈ D f
x → 0 x
→ 0

. a = 4 : 5‫ ه‬ℜ  ‫?ة‬#> f ‫ا‬+‫ ا‬2‫ن ! أ‬D') 5>‫ ا‬a #"k : ‫إذن‬
www.badissiamath.com 20
 ‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬7N-J ‫ ا‬R‫ـــــــــــــ‬# ‫ه ا‬/
f(x) = k :  ‫ل ا د‬-OG
‫ل‬-OG ‫د‬
 ‫ا د‬ ‫وط‬F ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬EAF ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
f ( x ) = K  ‫ا د‬

f (b ) (∆ ) : y = K M",>#‫ا‬
-,) ‫د‬#‫ا‬ (∆) : y=K
[a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ f c1 c 2 c3 (C ) U_,

f
EG EP‫ ا‬BO
f (b ) ‫ و‬f (a ) (#:‫ر‬-6V/ K
f(x) [a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5<
73 C+ EP‫ ا‬BO
‫ل‬-OG ‫ث‬mS c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<
f (a )
=
f (b ) (∆ ) : y = K M",>#‫ا‬
. [a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ f y=K
-,) ‫د‬#‫ا‬
k c (C ) U_,

. [a ; b]  #‫ ر‬f

f
#G‫ و‬EG #G‫ و‬EG
f (a ) ‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73 C+
f (b ) ‫ و‬f (a ) (#:‫ر‬-6V/ K [a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5<
c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

f(x) = 0 :  ‫ل ا د‬-OG
‫ل‬-OG ‫د‬ @@
 ‫ا د‬ ‫وط‬F ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬EAF ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
f ( x ) = 0  ‫ا د‬ @@

f (b ) @@
U_,
(C f ) 4#‫ا‬
[a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ f f ( x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬ @@
c1 c 2 c3 S‫ا‬DO‫ر ا‬D4
f(x) . f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 EG EP‫ ا‬BO -,) (∆) : y =0 _, 5< kF‫@ @  ا‬
[a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S< @ @
f (a ) ‫ل‬-OG ‫ث‬mS
= @@
f (b ) U_,
(C f ) 4#‫ا‬
f ( x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬ (∆) : y = 0 a @@
0 . [a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ f c b S‫ا‬DO‫ر ا‬D4
#G‫ و‬EG -,) @@
. [a ; b]  #‫ ر‬f f (a ) ‫ة‬+"‫_ و‬, 5<
[a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< #G‫ و‬EG
@@
. f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

www.badissiamath.com 21
 : EAF ‫( ا‬/  ‫د‬/
@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM f(x) = k
MMMMMMMMMM@Z17怀î‹ánÜa@Þy

: [ −1 ; 2] ‫ ا ل‬C+ EP‫ ا‬BO m

ّ G E x 3 − 6x = −3 :  ‫ أن ا د‬7N-J ‫ ا‬R# ‫ه ا‬/ ‫ل‬JN: (## (1
: ‫=ن‬F ‫ ا‬3,4) ‫[ إذا‬− 1 ; 2] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< kF‫   ا‬f (x ) = K ‫د‬#‫ ا‬-,) : ‫آّ أن‬
.‫ ؟‬f (2) ‫ و‬f (− 1) !"G ‫ر‬DX4 K ‫[ و‬− 1 ; 2] ‫ل‬E#‫?ة  ا‬#> f
(C f ) . f (x ) = K : ‫د‬#‫ ا‬W-X) K = −3 ‫ و‬f (x ) = x 3 − 6 x : UV
−1
CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ ا‬C+ ‫ ا ل‬eJ+‫ أ‬:‫ار‬G
2
[ ] : ‫ار‬JN‫♦ ا‬
EG . [− 1 ; 2] ‫ل‬E#‫?ة  ا‬#> 5< ℜ  ‫?ة‬#> ‫ود‬+ ?"6‫ دا آ‬f
(∆) : y = −3 BO
EP‫ا‬
: f (2) ‫ و‬f (− 1) (#: ‫ر‬-6V/ K E‫♦ ه‬
. f (− 1) < K < f (2) :  − 4 < −3 < 5 : ‫ إذن‬f (2) = 2 3 − 6 × 2 = −4 ‫ و‬f (− 1) = (− 1)3 − 6(− 1) = 5
f (α ) = k : 3,4
[− 1 ; 2] 5< kF‫  ا‬/ -,) f ( x ) = −3 : ‫د‬#‫ أن ا‬a>> _HD>#‫ ا‬M",‫?ه ا‬- K

. α ∈ ]−1 ; 2[ : ^" α >S< kF‫_  ا‬, 5< 4#‫ ا‬U_,
( ∆ ) : y = −3 M",>#‫ ا‬: CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫♦ ا‬

0: EAF ‫( ا‬/  ‫د‬/

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM @Z18怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
f(x) =
. [0 ; 1] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< α ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG -,) x 3 + 5x − 2 = 0 :  ‫ أن ا د‬7N-J ‫ ا‬R# ‫ه ا‬/ ‫ل‬JN: (##@@@@@@
: ‫ث‬mT ‫وط ا‬F ‫ ا‬m,,4) ‫[ إذا‬0 ; 1] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< +"‫  و‬f (x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ ا‬-,) : ‫آّ أن‬

(C f ) .‫ ؟‬f (0) × f (1) < 0 ‫[ و‬0 ; 1]‫ل‬E#‫  ا‬#‫ة و ر‬J/ f
0 1 . f (x ) = 0 : ‫د‬#‫ ا‬W-X) f (x ) = x 3 + 5 x − 2 : UV
[ ]
(∆) : y =0
: ‫ار‬JN‫♦ ا‬
#G‫ و‬EG
α
. [0 ; 1] ‫ل‬E#‫ة  ا‬J/ 5< ℜ  ‫?ة‬#> ‫ود‬+ ?"6‫ دا آ‬f

: : ‫♦ ا‬
. f ' (x ) = 3x 2 + 5 : ‫[ إذن‬0 ; 1] ‫ل‬E#‫  ا‬#N !‫ و‬ℜ  ‫ق‬,>[/ Gk ‫ود‬+ ?"6‫ دا آ‬f : ,>(#‫ا ا‬+‫ا‬
: ,>(#‫ا ا‬+‫إ[رة ا‬
.#‫ ر‬5< [0 ; 1] ‫ل‬E#‫  ا‬#) ‫ة‬+
‫ا‬h> f :  f ' (x ) > 0 : I‫ و‬3x 2 + 5 > 0 : x ∈ [0 ; 1] 2‫! أ‬

CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ ا‬C+ ‫ ا ل‬eJ+‫ أ‬:‫ار‬G : f (0) × f (2) ‫♦ إ&رة ا اء‬

. f ( 0) × f (1) < 0 :  f (1) > 0 ‫ و‬f (0) < 0 : ‫ إذن‬f (1) = 13 + 5 × 1 − 2 = 4 ‫ و‬f (0) = 0 3 + 5(0) − 2 = −2
f (α ) = 0 : 3,4
]0 ; 1[ ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< α ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG  f ( x ) = 0 : ‫د‬#‫ أن ا‬a>> _HD>#‫ ا‬M",‫?ه ا‬- K

. α ∈ ]0 ; 1[ : ^" α >S< ‫ة‬+"‫_ و‬, 5< S‫ا‬DO‫ر ا‬D4  U_,

4#‫ ا‬: CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
www.badissiamath.com 22
 f(x) - x = 0 ‫ أو‬f(x) = x :  ‫ل ا د‬-OG
‫ل‬-OG ‫د‬
 ‫ا د‬ ‫وط‬F ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬EAF ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
g (x ) = 0  ‫ا د‬

U_,
(C f ) 4#‫ا‬
f (b)
g (x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬ y=x
‫ اول‬pّ6 ‫ا‬
f(x) = x [a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ g f (a )
EG EP‫ ا‬BO -,) y=x
‫أو‬ . g (a ) × g (b) < 0
[a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< _, 5< kF‫ ا‬
f(x)- x=0 a c1 c2 b
c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

f (b) U_,
(C f ) 4#‫ا‬
~+A ‫ا‬
. [a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ g g ( x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬ y=x ‫ اول‬p6 ‫ا‬
‫ ـ‬
. [a ; b]  #‫ ر‬g #G‫ و‬EG -,) y=x
g(x)=0 f (a )
. g (a ) × g (b) < 0 [a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< ‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73 C+
a c1 b
c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z19怀î‹ánÜa@Þy

EAF ‫( ا‬/  ‫د‬/ . f (x ) = ( x − 2 ) : ‫ـ‬G [0 ; + ∞[ ‫ل‬E#‫ دا ?<  ا‬f

2

. D = [ 0 ; 2] ‫ ا ل‬BO / 6PJ/ f  ‫( أن ا ا‬## (1

f(x) = x
: f ' (x ) JF ‫ب ا ا  ا‬G

( )
 1 
f ' (x) = 2 x − 2   : I‫ و‬f ' ( x ) = 2
2 x
( x− 2 )( )
x − 2 ' : ]0 ; + ∞[  ‫ق‬,>[/ Gk ‫ ?< و‬f

 x − 2 x + 2 x− 2
f ' (x) =    : +E 0-‫ ا‬3<‫ ?ا‬5< ‫?ب‬V f ' (x ) = : I‫و‬
 x  x + 2 x
2 2
x−2 x − 2
. f ' (x) = f ' (x) =
B ‫ ا د  در  أو‬C+ x ( x+ 2 ) : ‫إذن‬ x ( x+ 2 ) : I‫و‬
;53 ‫; ؛‬A : ‫ن‬-A 7 ‫ا‬
: f ' (x ) JF ‫إ&رة ا ا  ا‬
x E// ‫إ&رة‬
.‫ دو‬K2D x ( x + 2 ) ‫م‬,#‫ن ا‬F (x − 2) 0-‫ ! إ[رة ا‬f ' (x ) ‫إ[رة‬

‫@ ه ا ل‬ −∞ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ +∞

( x − 2) : +
*+ [0 ; 2] 0 2
. D = [0 ; 2] ‫ل‬E#‫  ا‬#) Xk> f : I‫ و‬D = ]0 ; 2] ‫ل‬E#‫  ا‬f ' (x ) ≤ 0

www.badissiamath.com 23
 : D ‫ ا ل‬BO / 6PJ/ g  ‫( أن ا‬## (2
. g (x ) = f (x ) − x : ‫ـ‬G D  <? ‫ دا‬g
: B ‫ = أو‬
. D  #) !">Xk> x ֏ − x ‫ و‬x ֏ f (x ) !">‫ع دا‬D#E ! ‫رة‬-  F D  #) Xk> g
: #3S = 
. g ' (x) = f ' (x ) − 1 : ]0 ; 2]  ‫ق‬,>[/ Gk ‫ ?< و‬g
. D  #) Xk> g : ‫ إذن‬g ' (x ) < 0 : ‫ أي‬f ' (x ) − 1 < 0 :  f ' (x ) ≤ 0 : ‫ أن‬3G‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M
: D ‫ ا ل‬C+ ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG E f ( x ) = x  ‫ج أن ا د‬JJN‫ ا‬RS g ( 2 ) ‫ و‬g ( 0 ) ‫ب‬G (3

. g (2) = −2 ‫ و‬g (0) = 2 : ‫ أي‬g (x ) = ( x − 2 ) − x :  g (x ) = f (x ) − x

2

: D ‫ ا ل‬C+ ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG E f ( x ) = x  ‫ج أن ا د‬JJN‫ ا‬

. g ( x ) = 0 : ‫ أي‬f (x ) − x = 0 5) f ( x ) = x
D ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< +"‫   و‬g (x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ت أن ا‬-N‫ إ‬5O'
D ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< ‫ا‬+"‫ و‬/ -,) f ( x ) = x ‫د‬#‫""! أن ا‬->

: ‫ار‬JN‫♦ ا‬
. x ֏ −x ‫ و‬f (x ) #‫ ه‬D  !")?#> !">‫ع دا‬D#E ! ‫رة‬-  F D  ‫?ة‬#> g : g (x ) = f (x ) − x

: : ‫♦ ا‬
.‫ل‬E#‫ا ا‬1‫  ه‬-")‫ ر‬5< D  #) Xk> g ‫ أن‬3G‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M

: g (0) × g (2) ‫♦ إ&رة ا اء‬

. g (0) × g (2) < 0 :  g (0) × g (2) = −4 : ‫ إذن‬g (2) = −2 ‫ و‬g (0) = 2 : ‫ أن‬3G‫ال ا‬g‫ ! ا‬M
. D ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG -,) f ( x ) = x ‫ ـ‬p<'#‫ ا‬g (x) = 0 : ‫د‬#‫ أن ا‬a>> _HD>#‫ ا‬M",‫?ه ا‬- K
CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ ا‬C+ ‫ ا ل‬eJ+‫ أ‬:‫ار‬G : #JO CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫( ا‬4
. c ∈ ]0 ; 2[ >S< ‫ة‬+"‫_ و‬, 5< y = x ‫ول‬F‫` ا‬X#‫ ا‬U_,
(C f ) 4#‫ا‬
. c ∈ ]0 ; 2[ :>S< ‫ة‬+"‫_ و‬, 5< M",>#‫ ا‬U_,
4#‫ أن ا‬f\‫ب و‬DH4G I" X4#‫ ا‬4#‫أ @? ا‬
e#f- ‫ــــــــــار‬G
‫ ا ه‬C+ ‫ اول‬p6 ‫ا‬
(∆ ) : y = x [0; + ∞[ :‫إذا آن ا ل‬
g (0) × g (2) < 0 :‫ل‬-3 (C f ) g ( +∞ ) × g ( 0 ) ≺ 0 : ‫ل‬-3 

‫أو‬ ‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73

: ‫ل‬-3 3‫و إ‬
0 c 2
g (0) < 0 < g ( 2) lim g ( x ) ≺ 0 ≺ f ( 0 )
(C g ) x →+∞

www.badissiamath.com 24
 f(x) - g(x) = 0 ‫ أو‬f(x) = g(x) :  ‫ل ا د‬-OG
‫ل‬-OG ‫د‬
 ‫ا د‬ ‫وط‬F ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬EAF ‫ا‬ CN@ ‫ ا‬#5J ‫ا‬
h( x ) = 0  ‫ا د‬

!"4#‫ا‬
(C )
h( x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬
f
(C ) ‫( و‬C )
[a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ h
g f
f(x) = g(x)
EG EP‫ ا‬BO -,) 73 C+ ‫=ن‬J
‫أو‬ . h(a ) × h(b ) < 0 a c c' b
[a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< EP‫ ا‬BO
f(x)- g(x)=0 (C ) g c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

~+A ‫ا‬ !"4#‫ا‬

‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73
. [a ; b]  ‫ة‬J/ h h( x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ا‬ (C ) (C ) ‫( و‬C )
‫ ـ‬ f
g f

h(a ) × h(b ) < 0 #G‫ و‬EG -,) 73 C+ ‫=ن‬J

h(x)=0
. [a ; b]  #‫ ر‬h [a ; b] ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< a c b ‫ة‬#G‫و‬
(C )
g
c ∈ ]a ; b[ >S<

@ @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@Z20怀î‹ánÜa@Þy
. g (x ) = − x 3 ‫ و‬f (x ) = x + 1 : !">‫ا‬+‫? ا‬->
EAF ‫( ا‬/  ‫د‬/
: x 0 @JOl+ ‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73 C+ ‫=ن‬J (C g ) ‫( و‬C f ) (##V ‫( أن ا‬## (1
f(x) = g(x)
. D f = ℜ ‫ و‬g (x ) = − x 3 ‫؛‬ D f = [− 1 ; + ∞[ ‫ و‬f ( x ) = x + 1

(C )
f
 7 3
D =  − ; −  ‫ و‬h( x ) = x + 1 + x 3 : ‫أي‬ h( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) : UV
 8 4

‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73 x 0 ∈ D >S< ‫ة‬+"‫_ و‬, 5< ‫ن‬b,>

(C g ) ‫( و‬C f ) ‫""! أن‬->

] − 78 α −
3
[ .‫ ؟‬D ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< +"‫   و‬h(x ) = 0 ‫د‬#‫ت أن ا‬-N‫ إ‬5O'

(C )
g
: ‫ار‬JN‫♦ ا‬
. g (x ) ‫ و‬f (x ) #‫ ه‬D  !")?#> !">‫ع دا‬D#E ! ‫رة‬-  F D  ‫?ة‬#> h : h(x ) = x + 1 + x 3

: : ‫♦ ا‬
. D  -")‫ ر‬5< D  !")+
‫ا‬h> !">‫ع دا‬D#E ! ‫رة‬-  F D  #) ‫ة‬+
‫ا‬h> h : h(x ) = x + 1 + x 3

: h ( − 78 ) × h ( − 34 ) ‫♦ إ&رة ا اء‬

. h(− 78 ) × h(− 34 ) < 0 :  h(− 78 ) × h(− 34 ) = −0,024 : ‫ إذن‬h(− 34 ) = 0,078 ‫ و‬h(− 78 ) = −0,316
. D ‫ل‬E#‫ ا‬5< ‫ا‬#G‫ و‬mG -,) f (x ) = g (x ) ‫ ـ‬p<'#‫ ا‬h(x ) = 0 : ‫د‬#‫ أن ا‬a>> _HD>#‫ ا‬M",‫?ه ا‬- K
www.badissiamath.com ‫ ــ‬BV ‫ ا‬t3‫ــ أ‬ . x 0 @JOl+ ( g ) ‫( و‬C f ) : lmk ‫ا‬
25 ‫ة‬#G‫ و‬73 C+ ‫=ن‬J C