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15-Session Taxonomy of Virtualization Techniques

Virtualization techniques can emulate execution environments, storage, and networks. There are two main types of execution environment virtualization: process-level virtualization which runs on top of an existing OS, and system-level virtualization which is implemented directly on hardware with minimal OS requirements. Hardware is expressed through the instruction set architecture which defines processor registers, memory, and interrupts, while an application binary interface separates the OS from applications and libraries. Hardware-level or system virtualization provides an abstract hardware environment for guest operating systems to run on top of the physical hardware.

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241 views9 pages

15-Session Taxonomy of Virtualization Techniques

Virtualization techniques can emulate execution environments, storage, and networks. There are two main types of execution environment virtualization: process-level virtualization which runs on top of an existing OS, and system-level virtualization which is implemented directly on hardware with minimal OS requirements. Hardware is expressed through the instruction set architecture which defines processor registers, memory, and interrupts, while an application binary interface separates the OS from applications and libraries. Hardware-level or system virtualization provides an abstract hardware environment for guest operating systems to run on top of the physical hardware.

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Taxonomy of Virtualization

Techniques
• Virtualization is mainly used to emulate
execution environment , storage and
networks.
• Execution Environment classified into two :-
– Process-level – implemented on top of an existing
operating system.
– System-level – implemented directly on hardware
and do not or minimum requirement of existing
operating system
Taxonomy of virtualization
Execution Virtualization
● It defines the interfaces between the
levels of abstractions, which hide
implementation details.
● Virtualization techniques actually replace
one of the layers and intercept the calls
that are directed towards it.
Machine Reference Model

● Hardware is expressed in terms of the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA).


– ISA for processor, registers, memory and the interrupt management.
● Application Binary Interface (ABI) separates the OS layer from the
application and libraries which are managed by the OS.
– System Calls defined
– Allows probabilities of applications and libraries across OS.
Machine Reference Model [Cont.]

● API – it interfaces applications to libraries and/or the


underlying OS.
● Layered approach simplifies the development and
implementation of computing system.
● ISA has been divided into two security classes:-
– Privileged Instructions
– Nonprivileged Instructions
ISA: Security Classes
● Nonprivileged instructions
– That can be used without interfering with other
tasks because they do not access shared
resources. Ex. Arithmetic , floating & fixed point.
● Privileged instructions
– That are executed under specific restrictions
and are mostly used for sensitive operations,
which expose (behavior-sensitive) or modify
(control-sensitive) the privileged state.
● Behavior-sensitive – operate on the I/O
● Control-sensitive – alter the state of the CPU
register.
Privileged Hierarchy: Security Ring
● Ring-0 is in most privileged level
, used by the kernel.
● Ring-1 & 2 used by the OS-level
services
● and , R3 in the least privileged
level , used by the user.
● Recent system support two
levels :-
– Ring 0 – supervisor mode
– Ring 3 – user mode
Hardware-level virtualization
● It is a virtualization technique that
provides an abstract execution
environment in terms of computer
hardware on top of which a guest OS
can be run.
● It is also called as system virtualization.
Hardware-level virtualization

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