Village Development Plan (VDP)

Village Name: Kaka Khel (Lower)

UC Name: Khandar Khan Khel
District Lakki Marwat

Community Motivation & Development Organization (CMDO)

May 2014

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Table of Contents P. No.

Section 1 Introduction 4

1.1 Background 4
1.2 Purpose of Village Development Plan (VDP) 4
1.3 Methodology 4

Section 2 Base Line Information-Village Kaka Khel Lower 6

2.1 Location & Accessibility 6

2.2 Basic Information 6
2.3 Tribes/Clans 8
2.4 Population 8
2.5 Major Incidents/Disasters 9
2.6 Types of Houses 9
2.7 Communication 10
2.8 Education 10
2.9 Health 11
2.10 Water 12
2.11 Sanitation 12
2.12 Community/Village Organizations 13

Section 3 Livelihood Analysis 15

3.1 Types of Professions & Income Level 15

3.2 Poverty Level 15
3.3 Agriculture & Livestock 16
3.4 Food Security 18
3.5 Gender & Development 19
3.6 Village Community Level Development Challenges 21
3.7 Village Youth Level Development Challenges 21

Section 4 Village Development Plan-Lower Kaka Khel 22

4.1 Needs Prioritization 22

4.2 5-Year Based VDP-Lower Kaka Khel 23
4.2.1 Structural Actions 23
4.2.2 Non-Structural Actions 24
4.3 Resource Generation 24
4.4 Linkages & Networking 25

List of Map

Location Map of Village Lower Kaka Khel 4

List of Tables

Table 1: Guiding Principles of Village Development Plan (VDP) Making Process 5

Table 2 Basic Information-Village Kaka Khel Lower 6
Table 3 Available Physical Infrastructure-Village Lower Kaka Khel 7
Table 4 Available Facilities In and Outside Village Lower Kaka Khel 7
Table 5 Sub-Tribes in Village Upper Kaka Khel 8
Table 6 Age—Sex wise Population & Disable Population 8
Table 7 Major Incidents/Disasters in Village Lower Kaka Khel in Last 10 Years 9

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Table 8 Types of Houses in Village Kaka Khel Lower 9
Table 9 Communication Matrix-Village Lower Kaka Khel 10
Table 10 Types of Educational Institutions, Enrollment and Facilities 10
Table 11 Child-Mother Health Status 11
Table 12 Month-Wise Details of Prevailing Diseases 11
Table 13 Water Sources Available Within the Village Lower Kaka Khel 12
Table 14 Water Quality in Village Lower Kaka Khel 12
Table 15 Sanitation Facilities in Village Lower Kaka Khel 13
Table 16 Level of Satisfaction over the Performance of COs/VO 14
Table 17 Occupations & Income Level in Village Lower Kaka Khel 15
Table 18 Assets & Wealth Ranking in Village Lower Kaka Khel 16
Table 19 Area & Quantity wise Major Crops in Village Lower Kaka Khel 16
Table 20 Types of Livestock 17
Table 21 Types of Livestock Problems 17
Table 22 Coping Mechanism to Address Food Shortage 18
Table 23 Role of Women in Decision Making 19
Table 24 Women Contribution in the Households 20
Table 25 Village Community Level Development Challenges 21
Table 26 Village Youth Level Development Challenges 21
Table 27 Pair-Wise Ranking of the Major Community Development Problems 22

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 Section 1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Community Motivation & Development Organization (CMDO) in partnership with Pakistan Poverty
Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has been implementing grass root Institutional Development (ID) program in the
Southern districts Bannu and Lakki Marwat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The local communities
under the program were mobilized and organized to formulate and establish different tiers of
interconnected Community Institutions which include Community Organizations (COs), Village
Organizations (VOs), and Local Support Organizations (LSOs). The Community Institutions formed under
the program successfully demonstrated the application of participatory development process and
undertook numerous community infrastructure and public facilities development activities in their
respective areas. They were also able to enhance collaborations with local public institutions and
contributed in improving public service delivery in education, health, and other local development sectors.
In order to further strengthen participatory integrated development planning process, CMDO facilitated
these Community Institutions in the formulation of Village and Union Council level Development Plans.

1.2 Purpose of Village Development Plan (VDP)

The purpose of preparing VDP is to identify and prioritize development issues of a village and develop
such mechanisms which encourage active community participation and effective utilization of local
resources in resolving the development issues in short, medium, and long term perspectives. The VDPs
are mainly based on the physical, social, economic, and livelihood analysis of a Village Community
leading towards the identification and prioritization of development problems and preparation of 5-year
based development plan of a Village. The VDP identifies both community and external level actions
require for implementing identified development activities. The VDP is largely helping the Village
community in developing a future vision and road map for their overall socio-economic well being and
prosperity. The VDP is encouraging a lead role of Community Institutions in the efficient delivery of
development services at household, neighborhood, and village levels. The VDP also provide solid
foundation to the Village community to advocate and negotiate with local government institutions, donors,
and NGOs for their external support in the implementation of identified development activities. The
development activities identified in VDP could also be incorporated in the Annual Development Plans
(ADPs) prepared by the district government.

1.3 Methodology

The participatory research methodologies were employed in the collection of both quantitative and
qualitative data concerning to the preparation of VDP. A comprehensive format of VDP plan was
prepared and finalized in consultation with the representatives of Community Institutions. The active
participation of concerned Village community was ensured in all the stage of VDP process. Beside
collection of quantitative data on baseline development indicators of a village, local community groups
include women and youth were involved in deriving various level socio-economic and livelihood analysis
and identification and prioritization of required development interventions in their village. During Village
Development Plan (VDP) making process, active participation of Community Institutions (COs) highly
contributed in developing the community ownerships of VDPs prepared itself by all segments of the
Village community. The different participatory research tools like social mapping, transect walk, time line,
seasonal calendar, pie diagram, problem tree, decision-making matrix, wealth ranking, focus group
discussions, pair wise problem ranking, problem identification and prioritization, and plan making
exercises were fully employed in the collection and analysis of various level qualitative data concerning to
the preparation of VDP. Below is the detail of guiding principles which were effectively applied in the
course of preparing VDP by grass root Community Institutions.

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Table 1: Guiding Principles of Village Development Plan (VDP) Making Process

Guiding Principles Input Activities

Participation  Broad based meetings at village level

 Included representatives from all community sections and hamlets
 Landless and poor in the community contributed in the village plan
making process
 Poor and remotely located households within village also represented
 All community sections including women and youth participated

Integrated  Information on all aspects of integrated development collected

approach  Interventions identified for various land uses, infrastructure and public
facilities, poverty reduction and livelihood enhancement
 Responsibilities of the Community Institutions and beneficiaries identified

Pro-poor  Household typology conducted to identify different socio-economic

groups in the village
 Poor and poorest identified through household typology represented and
participated as members in CO/VO/LSO plan making activities
 Interventions included in the plan which specially benefit the poorest /
poor
Accountability and  The entire planning process was inclusive and participatory
transparency  Responsibilities are clearly identified in the plan (e.g. community, service
providers)
 The plan document being villagers’ property is open and accessible to all
community members
 VO/CO/LSO identifies beneficiaries / locations of interventions in open
community meetings
 Periodically the plan’s implementation progress to be presented in
general body by VO/CO/LSO

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 Section 2 Base Line Information-Village Kaka Khel Lower

2.1 Location & Accessibility

Village Kaka Khel Lower is located in the Union Council Kaka Khel of Tehsil and District Lakki Marwat. It
is located 13 Kms away from the district headquarter Lakki Marwat. It is connected with main road
through a 5km mettle link road. It is bounded on the north by Village Gul Baz Dehkan, east by Village Aba
Khel, west by Village Ghazni Khel, and south by Village Wanda Berkhi/Thata Bashi Khel. The Village
location & Accessibility map is given below.

2.2 Basic Information

Following are some basic information on Village Kaka Khel Lower. The available facilities within and
outside village are also summarized below.

Table 2 Basic Information-Village Kaka Khel Lower

Number of Sub-
Villages 1

Number of
Population 3975

Number of
Households 550

Number of Houses 175

Total area of the
village in square
meter/acre 4431 Acres
Cultivated Land
4375 Acres

Agriculture/farming Communal Land

56 Acres
- Non cultivated
Land
56 Acres
Terrain of village:
plain, mountainous,
hilly, mixed or else Plain
Availability of
electricity (Y/N) Yes

The total population in Village Lower Kaka Khel is 3975 with 550 households. It indicates that average
household size is 7.2 in the village. Out of the total 4431 acres area of the village, 98.7% is identified as
cultivated area of the village. The topography of the village area is mainly consisting of plain areas. The
electricity facility is available in the village.

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Table 3 Available Physical Infrastructure-Village Lower Kaka Khel

Socially
Condition
protected for
Children and
(Good=1, #of HH Women
Type of Facility Length (kms) Poor=0) Benefiting (Yes=1, No=0)
Walking tracks 1.5 km 0 457 1
Streets 4 km 0 571 1
Drivable tracks 4 km 0 571 1
Drainages
(Rough) 4 km 0 571 1

The overall conditions of available physical infrastructure in the village such as Katcha streets and
walking tracks and rough open drainage is quite poor reflecting insanitary conditions and dangers to the
health conditions of the village population.

Table 4 Available Facilities In and Outside Village Upper Kaka Khel

 Location Distance

Existing Facilities in the Outside (If outside

S# NO Village No. In Village No. Village Village)

1 Mosques 6 Y 
2 Madrassa 3 Y 
3 Masjid Schools 4 Y - 
4 Shrines 0 N 
5 Police/Post Stations 0  Y 6 km
6 Public Call Office(s) 0  Y 5 km
7 Post Office 0 N Y 6 km

8 Bank(s) 0  y 11 km
9 Rural Cooperatives 0  - 
10 Number of COs/CBOs/VOs/ 2 Y 
11 Community Centers 0 N 
Community vocational centers
12 for girls and women 0  
Charity trust/volunteer
13 organizations 0  - 
14 No. of NGOs 0  
15 Veterinary Hospital 0  Y 6 km
16 Retails Shop(s) 30 Y 
17 Main Market/Bazar  Y 15 km

The available facilities within the village mainly include religious institutions such as mosques/madrassa/
masjid schools, educational institutions like primary schools, retail shops for the purchasing the daily use
items and community based social institutions like COs/VOs earlier formulated by CMDO. The public

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facilities like police station, post office, bank, hospital, and main market are located 5 to 15 Kms away
from the village settlement.

2.3 Tribes/Clans

The major ethnic tribe is the village is mainly Pashtu speaking Marwat tribe which is further divided into
two sub tribes namely Mina Khel and Nizam Khel. The traditional Jirga system upholding the Pashtun
Wali is dominant institution responsible for informal decision making concerning to the conflicts and
issues within these two tribes. Both nuclear and extended types of families are living in the village. Below
table 5 is providing information on number of households and population of two sub tribes living in the
village Kaka Khel Upper.

Table 5 Sub-Tribes in Village Upper Kaka Khel

S# No Sub-Tribes Households Population

1 Mina Khel 271 1900

2 Nizam Khel 300 2100

2.4 Population

Out of the total 3973 population 1778 (45%) are male and 2195 (55%) are female population in the village
Upper Kaka Khel. The entire village population is pre-dominantly Sunni Muslim whereas there is no IDP
or minority population living in the village. The disable population in the village is 27 out of which 24 are
physical disable and 3 persons are mentally retarded. Below Table 6 is giving detail information on age-
sex wise population and disable population in the village.

Table 6 Age—Sex wise Population & Disable Population

Population Disable
Age Group
Male Female Total Mental Physical Total

0 to 05 150 200 350 0 8 8

06 to 12 140 173 313 2 10 12

13 to15 165 190 355 0 3 3

16 to18 175 225 400 0 1 1

19 to24 213 252 465 0 0 0

25 to 30 163 237 400 0 0 0

31 to 35 227 248 475 0 1 1

36 to 45 180 215 395 0 0 0

46 to 55 150 205 355 0 1 1

56 to 60 110 140 250 0 0 0

60+ 105 110 215 1 0 1

Grand Total 1778 2195 3973 3 24 27

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2.5 Major Incidents/Disasters

In relation to the major incidents/disasters occurred in the village in the last 10 years, it was identified that
heavy monsoon rains during July/August 2010 triggered flash floods in the village which done damages to
the houses, crops, and agriculture land. Similarly, an incident of fire also occurred during the harvesting
season of 2012 which caused damages to the wheat crop. Below Table 7 is giving details of these two
disasters and lessons learned by the village population.

Table 7 Major Incidents/Disasters in Village Upper Kaka Khel in Last 10 Years

Major
Year Incidents/events Lessons Learned
The People of the village
realized that there should
be a protecting wall
outside the village that
could divert the water flow
from the village. Similarly
they identified that they
will have to construct
Flood Affected houses away from the
Houses, Crops, water flow track so that
and Agriculture water could easily pass
2010 Land through it.

The People realized that

Fire (About 80 to they should be more
90 bags of wheat conscious during the
2012 burnt) harvesting season.

2.6 Types of Houses

The predominant types of houses in village Upper Kaka Khel are semi pacca (49%) whereas 29% houses
are Katcha (Mud) and 22% houses are Pacca Houses. The external house wall is usually high due to
Pardah factor whereas internal courtyard with two or three large size rooms around it is typical design of a
house in the village. Below table 8 is giving details about the types of houses.

Table 8 Types of Houses in Village Kaka Khel Upper

Types of Houses No’s

Katcha 50

Semi-Pacca 85

Pacca 40

Total 175

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2.7 Communication

In relation to the available communication facilities in the village, it was found that cellular/mobile services
of various companies are available and used by around 500 households. The broadcasting services of
PTV and FM Radio are also present in the village. The internet facility is not available in the village.

Table 9 Communication Matrix-Village Upper Kaka Khel

Hamlets
#of HH where
Type of Facility Companies Benefiting available
Cellular
Services Tel/Ufone/Zong 500 HHs All Hamlets
PTCL/V-Sets/V-
Fone - - -
TV/Radio P.T.V 140 HHs All hamlets
PCOs/Net Café - - -

Others - - -

2.8 Education

The overall literacy ratio in village is quite low and further lower in the females. There are 4 primary
schools available in the village out of which three schools are functional and one school is non-functional.
There is no facility of middle or secondary level education in the village due to which drop out ratio of
school going children is quite high. Similarly, enrollment of school age children is also low when we
compare the enrolled school children number with the village population in between the age of 5-12
groups. There is urgent need to motivate village population on the importance of educating female
children. Below table 9 is giving details about enrollment and facilities in the village schools.

Table 10 Types of Educational Institutions, Enrollment and Facilities

# of
Teachers Enrollment Safe
Type of drinking
School Cond. of Functional water No. of Type of
(govt./pvt.) Level school (Y/N) M F B G (Y/N) Y/N Latrine Latrine
Govt P good Y 4 130 Y Y 2 Poor
Govt P good Y 4 150 Y Y 2 Poor
Govt p good Y 2 90 Y Y 2 Poor
Govt P good N

Following are some major reasons behind low enrollment of school age children in village Upper Kaka
Khel.

 Lack of awareness about the importance of education

 Poverty and lack of resources for children’s education
 Poor conditions of school buildings and facilities
 Early marriages and cultural constraints restrict female children enrollment
 Long distances and accessibility to the schools
 Lack of school teachers and their non-availability
 Poor quality of education and un-trained teaching staff
 Non availability of middle and high schools in the village

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2.9 Health

There is no health infrastructure and facility available in the entire village. Even there is no presence of
any para-medical staff, lady health worker or traditional hakeem in the area. In case of emergency, local
people have to take the patient to the district head quarter hospital in Lakki Marwat which is already
crowded and over burdened with the patients. Child-mother health care is one major health issue in the
village as regular deaths are observed of pregnant women and infants. Below table 12 indicates that on
average basis 2 pregnant women and 12 infants expired within a year. In relation to the immunization
program (EPI) 98% coverage is quite good.

Table 11 Child-Mother Health Status

Frequencies
Bi-
Mother & Children Annually annually Quarterly Monthly

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 12 6 3 1

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) 2 1 0 0

Immunization Programme (EPI) 98% 98% 98% 98%

The overall health problems in the village Upper Kaka Khel is further multiplied by the poor sanitary
conditions and non-availability of drainage infrastructure. There is lack of awareness on public health
measures among the village community. Below table no 12 indicates the prevalence of various kind of
water borne, communicable, and seasonal diseases among the entire village population in different parts
of a year. It indicates that hepatitis and lungs/heart/kidney/joint diseases are quite on the rise.

Table 12 Month-Wise Details of Prevailing Diseases

Diseases Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Diarrheal
diseases Y Y Y
Measles Y Y Y Y Y
Hepatitis Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Malaria Y Y Y Y
Respiratory/ARI Y Y Y Y Y
Typhoid Y Y Y Y Y Y
Cholera Y Y Y Y
Stomach
Disorder Y Y Y Y Y
Lungs & Heart
Diseases Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Scabies Y Y Y Y
Cough & Fever Y Y Y Y Y Y
Shiitake Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Asthma Y Y Y Y
Eye Infection Y Y Y Y
Kidney problem Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Joint problem Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

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There are also visible differences over the health conditions among men and women community. The
food malnutrition is quite observable among women and female children reflecting lower status and less
priority given to their food requirements. Resultantly, they are more at risk of various prevailing diseases
in the village. Overall, there is urgent need to create public awareness on addressing the health issues
and needs of women and female children of the village.

2.10 Water

Below table 13 shows that 70 % of the village community is using underground water source through
hand pumps while rest of the population is using other sources. A small number of houses have proper
storage tank facility while majority houses use clay pitchers for water storage. The water shortage is also
sometimes observed in the village during the extreme summer season.

Table 13 Water Sources Available Within the Village Upper Kaka Khel

Description % HH Nos
Hand Pumps 70% 399
Others (Well, Rain Water) 30% 172
Total 100% 571

The availability of clean drinking water is one major issue in the village due to which water borne diseases
are quite common in the village. It is also reflected in the earlier given annual health calendar. As
reflected in table 14 below the quality of underground water is hard and salty. There is need to educate
and create awareness among local community on utilizing low cost methods to improve the quality of
drinking water.

Table 14 Water Quality in Village Upper Kaka Khel

Contaminated/
Sweet/ Soft/ Polluted Cause
Drinkable Saltish Hard Diseases Remarks

Different chemicals
like magnesium,
potassium and
sodium are present
stomach in water that causes
Yes Saltish Hard No disease stomach diseases

2.11 Sanitation

The lack of sanitation infrastructure is one major contributory factor behind high prevalence of diseases
and multiple health problems in the village Upper Kaka Khel. It is recognized by village community that
low quality drinking water, poor sanitary conditions, and lack of hygiene practices are major causes of
diarrhea, hepatitis, typhoid and many other prevailing serious diseases in the area. Below table 15 shows
that there are unpaved/katcha streets and rough drainage system in the entire village. There is no proper
solid waste management system in the village as garbage/waste is mainly openly dumped along the
streets. The local community identified sanitation as one of the major problems of the entire village.

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Table 15 Sanitation Facilities in Village Upper Kaka Khel

Type of Facility HH (%)

Proper Latrines System 1%

Pour flash latrines 4%

Traditional latrines 15%

Open Defecation 80%

Sewerage Nil

Drainage Nil
Solid Waste
Management Nil

In relation to the non-availability of sanitation infrastructure, Following are some major problems identified
by the village community.

 Causes environment pollution

 Waste water flow in the streets
 difficulty in walking through the street
 vehicles get damaged
 Breeding place for mosquitoes
 Stagnation of water is caused
 Causes Health Problems
 stagnation of water causes ditches in streets
 Heavy vehicles causes damage to the katcha street

2.12 Community/Village Organizations

A number of COs/CBOs at neighborhood/Mohalla level and a VO at Village level were formulated by

CMDO right after the interventions of CMDO in this village during 2008. The COs/VO largely helped in
social mobilization and organization of local community and undertaking a number of poverty reduction
and livelihood enhancement activities in the village. Further, they also greatly supported in need
identification and collection of quantitative and qualitative data for the preparation of Village Development
Plan (VDP).

On the basis of number of performance indicators, local community showed their satisfaction level on the
performance of these local social institutions working in their village. Below table 16 is reflecting the
satisfaction level of village community over the performance of COs/VO. It reflects that local community is
fully satisfied with the performance of 2 CO’s, partially satisfied with the performance of 3 COs and 1 VO
and not satisfied with the working of 1 CO in village Upper Kaka Khel.

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Table 16 Level of Satisfaction over the Performance of COs/VO

Names of Fully Partial Not

CO/VO/CBO Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied
Islahi Committee 1
Al Sajad (VO) 1
Mina Khel-I (CO) 1
Mina Khel-4(CO) 1
Sitara(CBO) 1
Insaf (CBO) 1
Mushtaraf W S 1
Total 2 4 1

There is a need to keep working on the capacity building and linkages development of such grass root
community institutions in the village Upper Kaka khel as they could play a lead role in undertaking and
implementing identified short and long term development actions identified in the VDP.

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 Section 3 Livelihood Analysis

3.1 Types of Professions & Income Level

Below table 17 shows that vast majority of village population up to 1200 persons is mainly working as
small farmers in the agriculture sector. The second largest category of occupation is unskilled labor work
followed by employment in government sector and business/self employed. A very limited number of
skilled workers are also available in the village. The teachers or persons doing jobs in public departments
have the highest average monthly income in the range of Rs 17000 to 25000 followed by self
employed/business sector and skilled workers. The small farmers and unskilled laborers who are in
majority numbers have the lowest range of income in between Rs 5000 to 4000 respectively. The below
table is giving detailed insight on various occupations in and outside village, average monthly income and
its direct and indirect beneficiaries.

Table 17 Occupations & Income Level in Village Upper Kaka Khel

# out of Avg. monthly # of # of

# within the Income Direct Indirect
Professions village village (Rs.)/Occupation bens. bens.

School teachers 7 1 25000 55 30

Other Govt.
employees 7 45 17000 360 180
Private
jobs/business 0 15 800 110 50
Business/self
employed 27 15 12000 290 160

Masson 3 4 10000 48 25

Carpenters 1 0 7000 8 5

Black smiths 2 0 8000 15 7

Artisans 2 2 7500 29 17

Tailors 4 0 10000 27 21

Agriculture/farmers 1200 0 5000 2000 900

Unskilled labour 200 200 4000 700 400

Skilled labour 8 10 9000 90 35

3.2 Poverty Level

The village community through the application of wealth ranking PRA tool identified the existing poverty
level in village Upper Kaka Khel. In the light of their own perceptions of poverty they formulated a criteria
for different categories such as well off, average, poor, poorest, and destitute. Below table 18 is giving
details about the evolved criteria on the assets and wealth ranking. The findings show that 68% of the
total 571 households in the village are identified as poorest of the poor and 5% households are identified
as destitute families. 15% households recognized as poor, 10% as average, and only 2% mentioned as
well off families in the entire village. It overall reflects the extreme poverty situation of the village.

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 Table 18 Assets & Wealth Ranking in Village Upper Kaka Khel

*Financial Assets/Wealth Ranking (As per Community Explanations)

Poorest of the
Well Off Average Poor Destitute
Poor

{Live in rented {Live in

or insufficient temporary rented/
{Personal house, partitioned dispersed
{Concrete houses, Govt. {Live in miseries,
enough food, avg. houses, children houses/shelters,
Officer, cars, Tractors, high tenancy, bonded
source of income, in govt. schools, tenants, daily
Cattles, Hujra, children in labour, high no of
health facility, poor & wagers, not
private schools, Electronic children, out of
children in private inconsistent enough food,
equipments, Agriculture schools, Not enough
schools, medium source of insufficient
land, Health affordability, food & health facility,
pieces of agriculture income, Not income, no health
Servants, shops} deprived people etc.}
land, small hujra} enough food, No affordability,
or less health children do not
facility} attend school}

2% 10% 15 % 68% 5%

3.3 Agriculture & Livestock

Agriculture is the main livelihood source for majority of the village population. There is no irrigation system
in the village as entire agriculture area is 100% rain fed. Below table 19 is showing the area planted and
quantity of major crops in case of normal rainy season. The produced crops are mainly consumed by
farmers themselves whereas additional crops are sold in the local market. The horticulture activities such
as production of vegetables, fruits, flowers are not practiced by the local farmers. The agriculture
production and horticulture activities could be increased through the installment of tube wells and
development of proper irrigation system. It could drastically increase the income level and livelihoods of
majority of small farmers’ community in village Upper Kaka Khel.

Table 19 Area & Quantity wise Major Crops in Village Upper Kaka Khel

Crops in order of importance Normal Rainy Season

Area planted Quantity produced

(in acre) (in Kg)

1. Wheat 15000 kanal 40 kg/kanal
2.Grain 15000 kanal 50 kg/kanal
3.Gowara 500 kanal 10 kg/kanal
4.Maize 1500 kanal 30 kg/kanal
5.Sarkanda 5000 kanal 13 kg/kanal

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The land ownership in the village is also relatively imbalance as most of agriculture land is owned by a
few number of well-off families .Tenants are also part of the farming community who also supplement
their income with off-farm activities like labor work. Following are some important actions identified by the
local farmers for improving agricultural practices in their area.

 Establish irrigation system

 Encourage mechanized farming techniques
 Organize trainings for small farmers
 High quality seed provision
 Awareness campaign regarding agriculture
 Market linkages development
 Farm yard manure for storing agriculture produces.
 Water and soil conservation mechanism development
 Interest free loan for agriculture development
 Linkages development with Agriculture Extension Department

Below table 20 reflects that various types of livestock is also present in the village. Majority of households
have poultry followed by sheeps/goats, cows, camels, etc. There are 6 households who have no kind of
livestock.

Table 20 Types of Livestock

Types of
Livestock No’s of HH

No livestock 6

Oxen/Bulls 6
Cows 286

Sheeps/goats 400
Chicken/
poultry 514

Horse/mule 11
Camel 171
Others 228

There are number of issues faced by local villagers concerning to the livestock management. Below table
21 reflects that 286 households are confronted with different types of livestock diseases. The shortage of
drinking water and feed for livestock are two other major issues. There are no proper veterinary services
available in the village.

Table 21 Types of Livestock Problems

Types of Livestock No’s of

Problems HH

286
Animal diseases

171
Shortage of feed

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 11
Banditry

228
Shortage of drinking water

114
Poor breed productivity

The local village community prepares the dairy by-products and sells it in the market. However, they are
not familiar with the scientific approach of livestock management. The community usually provides
narrow places to livestock because of shortage of land. At house level, the premises lack the availability
of proper livestock shelter, poor ventilation system and sanitary conditions which result into poor health of
livestock and low dairy production. The community needs linkages development with organization and
government line departments working in livestock sector. Following are some suggestions given by local
community in relation to improving livestock management in the village.

- Increase meat production by fattening

- Breed improvement
- Market linkages for dairy products
- Capacity building of women on rural poultry management

3.4 Food Security

Food security is also identified by local community as one of the major challenges to the majority of
poverty stricken families in the village. The survey findings show that 20% of the total 571 households
keep facing the food shortage problem throughout the year. As a coping mechanism people ate less food
and hard hit persons within a family are usually women and female children. In case of acute shortage of
food they have to sell their livestock or borrow food/money from the relatives. Even in some cases,
parents decided to discontinue the education of their children as they could not afford the educational
expenditures. Below table 22 is showing various coping mechanism adopted by village families to
address the food shortage issues.

Table 22 Coping Mechanism to Address Food Shortage

`

Indicators %age

Ate less food 40%

Children discontinued school 10%

Borrowed food/money from relatives 30%

Sold seeds meant for planting 3%

20%
Sold Livestock

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3.5 Gender & Development

In male dominated tribal society in village Upper Kaka Khel, women have a little role in the overall
decision making process both at household and community level. Below table 23 is showing that there is
no role of women in the decision making on various issues such as household expenditures, children
education, mobility, marriages, buying/selling of assets, etc. Table 24 also reflects that the women
mobility is quite restricted as women in village Upper Kaka Khel are mostly engaged in household work
and reproductive activities inside the house.

Table 23 Role of Women in Decision Making

Decision Matrix and role

of women in decision
making

Inputs/ Common Decisions Who decides Male & Female jointly

Male Female Equal
Male Female Jirga dominates Dominates influence

Daily routine matters of HHs/ expenses 1

and control of the households

Food, cooking, nutrition preferences 1

Education related decision/ children 1

education especially for girls

Promoting the right of ―say‖ to both gender 1

Decision to attend social gathering 1

(marriages , funerals, etc)

Provision for health, children and females 1

health related decisions, medical checkups

Engagement and marriages decisions, 1

especially for girls/female

Distribution of inheritance and the right of 1

inheritance to female

Dowry & Haq-e-Mehir 1

Buying and selling / business 1

Jobs related decisions 1

Small business establishment 1

Buying and selling of land 1

Selling buying matters of gold/ jewelry 1

1
Agriculture and farming, crops growing etc

Livestock, selling, buying, business 1

Conflict resolution/disputes etc 1

Renting a house or residential places 1

Buying clothes, shoes etc/for children and 1

female/girls

Migration, shifting and movement etc 1

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Repayment of loan taken 1

Construction related decision 1

Others
Count 14 1 0 5 0 2

Table 24 Women Contribution in the Households

Yes=1, No=0 Percentage (%)

Agriculture field/farming 1 5

Embroidery/tailoring 1 20

Bring fodder for livestock/livestock 1 2

management

Water fetching/bearing 1 5

Outdoor jobs/services (public & 0 0

private sectors)

Domestic chores 1 60

Looking after children 1 50

Women are generally taken as inferior being as birth of a girl child is not rejoiced as in case of a male
child. Both social and cultural constraints further restrict women’s access to education, health, work
opportunities and involvement in community level decision making. Early marriages of young age girls
also create hindrances in the education of females and also increase manifold health risks in their lives.
The ability of individuals to bypass the Muslim Family law ordinance –MFLO without any fear of
repercussion has also perpetuated customary practices like setting disputes with exchange of girls knows
as ’swara’ and the use of girls as compensation for crimes. In some cases decision on the wedding of
girls is made by one member of the family without consulting any other member in the family. The women
have the legal right to inherit but in majority case they voluntarily relinquish their right in favor of their male
members of the family such as brothers. The poor health conditions of women in the area are directly
linked with low social status given to them. The role of women in politics is peripheral as it is exclusively a
male domain in a village community.

A lot need to be done to work on the development rights of most marginalized women community in the
area. In short term perspectives, interventions required to address the basic education/health/economic
needs of local women community, whereas, in long term perspectives, efforts require to provide equal
development rights and opportunities to the rural women community and to provide them equal role in
decision making process both at family/community levels. The awareness-raising of male members of
village community on gender equality and development also need to be done on continuous basis.

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3.6 Village Community Level Development Challenges

Below table 25 shows various community level development challenges faced by the households in the
village Upper Kaka Khel. It shows that development issues like road accessibility and poor sanitary
conditions are faced by the entire 571 households of village Upper Kaka Khel. The lack of income
opportunities, health facilities, poor water quality are also other larger development challenges faced by
the majority of households in the village. The vulnerabilities to floods/land slides and housing damages
are other big concerns in the village Upper Kaka Khel. The land shortage, food shortage, poor clothing
and lack of agricultural inputs are some other development challenges faced by the local community.

Table 25 Village Community Level Development Challenges

Challenges % of HHs

Low income 60%

Land shortage 30%

Lack of food 20%

Poor water quality 60%

Lack of roads 100%

Poor sanitation 100%

Damaged housing 30%

Lack of agric inputs 20%

Poor clothing 25%

Lack of medical facilities 70%

Floods/land slides 40%

3.7 Village Youth Level Development Challenges

The table 26 shows that major youth development challenges includes lack of education facilities, work
stress, lack of capital and employment opportunities, and lack of income generation skills. The un-
employment ratio among village youth is quite high.

Table 26 Village Youth Level Development Challenges

#/% of Challenges for Youth in #/% of HHs

HHs
having
Youth Lack of Lack of #/% of Too Much #/% of Lack of #/% of Lack of
15-25 education #/% of HHs capital HHs work HHs employment HHs skills

Boys Y 60% Y 70% Y 55% Y 40% Y

Girls Y 95% Y 100% Y 70% Y 100% Y

The local community stress upon the needs of imparting technical skills among the local youth such as
courses in mechanic, sanitary, plumbing, electronics, tailoring, computer etc. They also identified the
need of providing interest free loans to the youth for establishing small businesses like general stores,
seed pesticide shops, livestock & cloth businesses etc. The local community feared that non-availability of
income generation opportunities to the local youth could attract them towards joining extremists’ militants
who are offering economic incentives for new recruits. It was identified that there is need to build the
earning capacities of the most disadvantaged groups (women, youth and persons with disabilities) in the
village.

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 Section 4 Village Development Plan-Upper Kaka Khel

4.1 Needs Prioritization

In line with the various levels major development needs and challenges identified and analyzed in
previous two sections, the village community in Upper Kaka Khel undertook an exercise on pair-wise
ranking of major community development problems. The findings of pair wise ranking in below table 27
shows that provision of sanitation facilities, drainage infrastructure, and roads accessibility are identified
as three top priority needs of the village Upper Kaka Khel. The provision of basic health infrastructure,
veterinary facility for controlling livestock diseases and construction of flood protection infrastructure are
identified as the other important development needs of the village. The improvements in educational
facilities, provision of electricity, and establishment of irrigation system for better agricultural productivity
are other identified development needs but rank lower in the need prioritization process.

Table 27 Pair-Wise Ranking of the Major Community Development Problems

Pair-wise Ranking of the Major Community Development Problems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Bridge
over Protecting
San rain wall at
itati drainage Health Veterinar water water flow Irrigation
on system Roads Problem y facility track track side Education Electricity problem
1 Sanitation 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18
drainage
2 system 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
3 Roads 1 2 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 14

4 Health Problem 1 2 3 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 12
Veterinary
5 facility 1 2 3 4 0 5 5 5 5 5 10

Bridge over rain

6 water track 1 2 3 4 5 0 6 6 6 6 8

Protecting wall
at water flow
7 track side 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 7 7 7 6
8 Education 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 8 8 4
9 Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 9 2
Irrigation
10 problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0

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Besides the prioritization of major development needs of the village, local community also identified and
prioritized non-structural interventions which mainly include

1. Food Support program for the poorest and destitute families of the village
2. Income generation Skills and livelihood enhancement opportunities for the poorest and un-
employed youth
3. Provision of Interest free loans and technical facilitation in the establishment of small businesses
and small to medium enterprises
4. Capacity building trainings in agriculture and livestock management sector
5. Child-Mother Health Care trainings
6. Public Health Management trainings
7. Teachers Skills enhancement trainings
8. Women vocational skills trainings
9. Rural Women Poultry Trainings
10. Forestry/nursery raising trainings

4.2 5-Year Based VDP-Upper Kaka Khel

In line with identified and prioritized structural and non-structural development needs of the village Upper
Kaka Khel, below section are giving an outline of the 5-year based action plan. Following are some of the
guiding principles and cross-cutting themes which would be incorporated during the implementation of the
Village Development Plan (VDP) of Upper Kaka Khel.

 Promotion of participatory ecological based integrated equitable development process

 Exploration and utilization of local resources
 Gender equality and mainstreaming
 Incorporation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Approaches
 Promotion of public-private partnerships

4.2.1 Structural Actions

S. Activities Community Action External Action Time

No Period
1 Preparation and Implementation Volunteer Labor, Technical Support, Year 1-2
of CLTS/Total Sanitation plan resources contribution grants through govt or
donor
2 Construction of Drainage Volunteer Labor, Technical Support, Year 1-2
Infrastructure resources contribution grants through govt or
donor
3 Construction of Village Road Volunteer Labor, Incorporating in Year 1-2
resources contribution Annual Development
Plan of district
4 Establishing Child-Mother Health Provision of Land, Technical support, Year 2-3
Care Center Volunteer labor, Linking with health
provision of materials department
5 Construction of Bridge over Volunteer Labor Linking with District Year 2-3
Water Course road department
6 Construction of Flood Protection Volunteer Labor Donor or govt support Year 2-3
Wall

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7 Improvements in Educational Volunteer Labor, Linking with district Year 3-5
infrastructure and up-gradation Lobbying at local level education department
to middle school
8 Provision of Electricity Facility Volunteer Labor, Linking with WAPDA Year 2-4
Financial Contribution
9 Establishment of Irrigation Volunteer Labor Technical Support, Year 3-5
infrastructure Linking with local
irrigation department

4.2.2 Non-Structural Actions

S. Activities Community Action External Action Time

No Period
1 Food Support Program for Motivating well-off Linking with BISP and Year 1
Destitute families to provide Bait-ul- Mal, local
food support social welfare Deptt
2 Livelihood enhancement and Identification of Support by CMDO and Year 1-5
income generation skills beneficiaries, PPAF
resources
contributions
3 Establishing small businesses Identification of Support by CMDO and Year 1-5
and enterprises beneficiaries, PPAF
resources
contributions
4 Agriculture and livestock Events Management Linking with district Year 1-3
trainings follow-up departments
5 Child Mother health care Events Management Support by CMDO in Year 1-2
trainings follow-up organizing trainings
6 Public Health Management Events Management Support by CMDO in Year 1-2
trainings follow-up organizing trainings
7 Teachers skills Enhancing Trainings Organization Link with district Year 2-4
trainings education department
8 Women Vocational Skills Identification of Support by CMDO Year 3-5
trainings beneficiaries and PPAF
9 Rural Women Poultry trainings Event organization Link with district Year 2-4
department
10 Nursery/forest raising trainings Event Management, Link with concerned Year 4-5
follow-up local department

4.3 Resource Generation

The successful implementation of both designed structural and non-structural actions is crucially inter
linked with the successful mobilization and generation of required financial and technical resources both
from concerned district/tehsil level public departments and relevant donors/NGOs working in the district
Lakki Marwat in particular and at provincial/national level in generals. CMDO should provide technical
support and play a guidance role to the already established local grass root community institutions in
further detailing out the proposed action plan activities.

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The maximum efforts should be done on the effectively utilization of financial/technical resources
available at the local level. It requires continuous lobbying activities by community institutions leaderships
with the district government institutions and civil society/donor agencies. While detailing out both
structural and non-structural actions, efforts should also be done to maximum apply the principle of self
help basis.

4.4 Linkages & Networking

The VDP document provide fundamental logical basis to grass root community institutions to present,
argue, and lobby for the future development agenda of their village with the concerned authorities and
representatives of various local level public institutions and NGOs/donors working in their respective
areas. They could chalk out a lobbying and advocacy plan to mobilize concerned departments for the
incorporation of proposed structural and non-structural actions in the annual district development plans
and programs of local district public institutions. They need to actively involve their MNAs/MPAs and other
local political leadership in pursuing the implementation of actions identified in VDPs. Both CMDO and
PPAF could also play a facilitation role in developing linkages/networking and working relationships in
between village level grass root community institutions and local government.

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