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(LT) B1 L2 Goodbye John: Sentence Pattern 虛主詞 It is Adj. (for sb.) to VR

The document discusses the structure "It's adjective (for someone) to verb" and provides examples of its use. It explains that "to verb" is the true subject, but "it" is used as a dummy subject to avoid front-heavy sentences. It also discusses the difference between using "for" versus "of" after the adjective, depending on whether the adjective modifies a verb/action or a person's traits. The document then explains the present perfect tense using "have + past participle" and provides examples of its use to express experience, completion, and continuation.

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Yen Hwa Lawson
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455 views2 pages

(LT) B1 L2 Goodbye John: Sentence Pattern 虛主詞 It is Adj. (for sb.) to VR

The document discusses the structure "It's adjective (for someone) to verb" and provides examples of its use. It explains that "to verb" is the true subject, but "it" is used as a dummy subject to avoid front-heavy sentences. It also discusses the difference between using "for" versus "of" after the adjective, depending on whether the adjective modifies a verb/action or a person's traits. The document then explains the present perfect tense using "have + past participle" and provides examples of its use to express experience, completion, and continuation.

Uploaded by

Yen Hwa Lawson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(LT) B1 L2 Goodbye John

Sentence Pattern 虛主詞 It is Adj. (for sb.) to VR


It’s Adj. (for sb.) to VR 表達說話者對 to VR 這行為的看法或評價。
1. to VR 為真正主詞，但在文字較長的狀況下，為避免頭重腳輕，故用 it 當虛主詞放
置句首，將 to VR 移至句尾。
2. for sb. 表示對某人而言，可加可不加。
例 1: Swimming/To swim is a lot of fun. 主詞很短，不用出動虛主詞。
例 2: It’s always rewarding to help students reach their full potential. 主詞太長，移置句尾。

比較：It’s Adj. for sb. to VR vs. It’s Adj. of sb. to VR


1. 當形容詞修飾的是事情(to V)時，介系詞用 for，表示對某人而言。
→修飾事情的形容詞：easy/hard/difficult, possible/impossible, important/essential/necessary,
useless, convenient, unusual, etc.
2. 當形容詞表示某人的人格特質、品行、態度、才智時，需用介系詞 of。
→修飾人的形容詞：kind/nice/sweet/generous, cruel/brutal, wise/clever, stupid/foolish/silly,
brave, considerate/thoughtful, careless/thoughtless, rude/polite, etc.
例 3: It’s dangerous for a kid to swim in the river.
例 4: It was brave of her to admit her fault. → She was brave enough to admit her fault.

Language in Use 現在完成式 have + p.p.


1. 經驗：表達已有或未有之經驗，常與表經驗或次數的副詞合用→never, ever, once, twice…
2. 已經：強調已完成或未完成之事，常與時間副詞合用→just, yet, already….
3. 持續：表示從過去一直持續到現在的狀態，常與 since, for, recently/lately, so far/till now,
for/during/over the past few days/months/years…等合用
例 1: This is the most interesting movie (that) I have ever seen. I have watched it three times.
例 2: I have already finished my homework. That’s why I can be here playing basketball.
例 3: These scientists have worked on the project over the past ten years. They haven’t got a
satisfactory result so far.

have been (經驗：曾經去過) vs. have gone（已經：已經出發）


例 4: Mickey has been to Disneyland many times and he’s bragging about it to his classmates.
例 5: Vincent has gone to the U.S. for the meeting, so he is absent today.

瞬間動作無法持續，如 die, arrive, come, get, graduate, marry, start…不可用「for +一段時間」


例 6: His father has died for ten years. (×)
→ His father died ten years ago. (○)
His father has been dead for ten years. (○)
It has been three years since his father died. (○)
例 7: I’ve got your message. / The city government has started to deal with this problem. (表「已經」)
1
(LT) B1 L2 Goodbye John
Class: ______ Number: _____ Name: ____________

Translation
1. 對年輕人來說，離開舒適圈及拓展視野(broaden one’s horizons)是很重要的。

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2. 為了每個人的安全，對於行人(pedestrian)和駕駛來說，在路上保持專注是必須的。

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3. 人們的溝通方式已經被智慧型手機的普及(popularity)大大地改變。

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4. 如大家所知，珍古德(Jane Goodall)已經研究跟保護黑猩猩(chimpanzee)好幾十年了。

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Make your own sentences!

5. [It’s Adj. (for sb.) to VR ]

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6. [have + p.p.]

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