There is

NO PLANET B
COLLABORATORS:
Engr. Ruselle Andrew Manalang
Engr. Calvin Karl Garganta
Faculty, Industrial Engineering Program
Environment
A general term referring to man's surroundings. It
includes the air, water, land and socio-economic
conditions in which man or society lives.

The term may also be defined as the sum

of all external conditions and influences
affecting the life, development and
ultimately, the survival of an organism,
including man himself.
 Social Relationships
Living things Non-Living things Built Environment
& Institutions

Organism with a Any form without Buildings, Institutions are

unique ability to a life, such as an human-created established and
reproduce, grow, inanimate body living centers enduring patterns of
metabolize, respond or object. social relationships
to stimuli, adapt to Ex. Continents, which includes the
the environment, oceans, clouds,
family, economy,
move and respire soil, rocks
education and
religion
 Built
Environment
• refers to the totality of
all that humans have
changed or rearranged
within the natural
environment. (Bartuska
and Young, 1996)

• refers to the man-made

surroundings that
provide the setting for
human activity, ranging
from the large-scale
civic surroundings to
the personal places.
Humans exist within We are PART of the
the environment and natural world and not
are part of nature. APART from it.

Our survival depends on Our interactions with its

a healthy, functioning other parts matter a
planet. great deal.
Is the earth
today HEALTHY,
FUNCTIONING
planet?
Humans and the
world around us
Humans depend completely on
Humans change the the environment for survival.

environment, often in • Enriched and longer lives,

increased wealth, health,
ways not fully understood mobility, leisure time

Pollution, erosion, and species

But natural systems extinction

have been degraded Environmental changes threaten

long-term health and survival.
 • How the natural
Environmental world works
Science is the
study of: • How the
environment
affects humans
and vice versa
Natural Information
about the
sciences: world

Social Values and

human
sciences: behavior
 It has an applied goal: developing
solutions to environmental problems

To accomplish this goal, two main types of interactions between humans and their
environment must be taken in consideration:

How our actions alter our environment. The use of natural resources.
 Global
Human More than 7.8 billion
humans
Why so many
humans?

Population If recent human

Growth population growth rates

continue, our numbers
Agricultural Revolution

Industrial Revolution
could reach 9.8 billion by
2050.
 Industrial Revolution
• Urbanized society powered
by fossil fuels
• Sanitation and medicines
• More food

Agricultural Revolution
• Increases in labor and
land productivity
• Stable food supplies
Thomas Robert Malthus and human population:
“An Essay on the Principle of Population”(1789)

Reasoned that it would be impossible to

maintain a rapidly multiplying human
population on a finite resource base

Population growth must be restricted, or it

will outstrip food production

Population will create starvation, war,

disease
Thomas Malthus theorized Thomas Malthus theorized Populations will grow
that populations grew that food production faster than the supply of
in Geometric Progression. increases in arithmetic food.
progression.
A geometric progression is a An arithmetic progression is a
sequence of numbers where sequence of numbers such that
each term after the first is found the difference between the
by multiplying the previous one consecutive terms is constant.
by a fixed, non-zero number
called the common ratio.

Malthusian Theory of Population

 Positive Checks or Natural Checks
• He believed that natural forces would correct the imbalance
between food supply and population growth in the form of natural
disasters such as floods and earthquakes and human-made actions
such as wars and famines.

Preventative Checks
Malthusian • To correct the imbalance, Malthus also suggested using preventative

Theory of
measures to control the growth of the population. These measures
include family planning, late marriages, and celibacy.

Population
Neo-Malthusian Theory of Population

Stressed on Birth Working Class is

Control Methods the Problem of
Over Population
Resource consumption exerts impacts
Garrett Hardin’s
“Tragedy of the Commons” (1968)
• a problem that occurs when individuals exploit a
shared resource to the extent that demand
overwhelms supply and the resource becomes
unavailable to some or all

Unregulated exploitation leads to resource

depletion

Resource users are tempted to increase use

until the resource is gone
What is
the Solution?

• Private ownership?
• Voluntary organization
to enforce responsible
use?
• Governmental
regulations?
OVERSHOOT!
Humans have
surpassed the
Earth’s capacity

We are using
30% more of
the planet’s
resources than
are available on
a sustainable
basis!
From Industrial Revolution
to Environmental Revolution
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Started in England in 18th century

Substituted machine power for human

labor

“Industrial” - where the central element is

technology or invention, as applied to the
manufacturing industry

transformation from agricultural to

industrial economy

primary concern was simply making

production more efficient
Environmental
Revolution in
Industry
First phase:
Up to the 1960s

Second phase:
1960s – 1980s

Sustainable
development phase
“It is imperative that we do The Brundtland Commission,
everything in our power to formally the World Commission on
defend and uphold the Environment and Development
importance of global (WCED), was a sub-organization of
multilateral cooperation for
the United Nations (UN) that
the sake of our common
future and our security.” aimed to unite countries in pursuit
of sustainable development.
- Gro Harlem Brundtland
The Brundtland Commission,
known by the name of its
Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was
The Report of the convened by the United Nations in
Brundtland Commission, 1983. Brundtland was chosen due
Our Common Future, was
Gro Harlem to her strong background in the
published by Oxford Brundtland sciences and public health
University Press in 1987.
Brundtland
Report
"Sustainable
development is
development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising
the ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs."
 Living within our planet’s means
Sustainability:
A guiding
principle of
The Earth can Leaving our Developing Requires
environmental sustain humans
AND other
descendants
with a rich, full
solutions that
work in the long
keeping fully
functioning
science organisms for
the future
world term ecological
systems
 Sustainability
Brundtland Report
The concept of 'needs', in particular the
essential needs of the world's poor, to
which overriding priority should be given; We are increasing our burden
on the planet each year.
The idea of limitations imposed by the
Population growth, affluence, consumption
state of technology and social organization
on the environment's ability to meet
preseZnt and future needs."

Natural capital: the

accumulated wealth of Earth
We are withdrawing our planet’s natural
capital 30% faster than it is being
produced
Industrial Revolution…
Developed
Nations vs
Developing
Nations
The developed nations
are demanding
• The most prolific evidence of the
environmental
Industrial Revolution’s impact on the
sustainability.
modern world can be seen in the
worldwide human population growth Developing nations are
arguing that they should
• Producing enough food for large be given the chance to
populations has environmental catch up socially and
consequences such as habitat economically with the
destruction and pesticide pollution.
developed world.
 Human prosperity and environmental integrity are closely intertwined
because the fulfillment of basic human needs—food, clothing, materials,
energy - ultimately depends upon the availability of natural resources.

Prosperity is the state of Ecological Integrity

being wealthy, or having a refers to the ability of an
rich and full life. ecosystem to support and
An example of prosperity is maintain ecological
a person who is living a rich processes and a diverse
and full life with all the community of organisms.
money and happiness he
needs.
An example of prosperity in
developing countries is
having basic luxuries such
as running water and
electricity.
In Early 2000s
• An Inconvenient Truth
• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
confirmed the rapid increase in global warming due
to greenhouse gas emissions, and Al Gore wisely
used the cinematic medium to sound a public alarm
about the “inconvenient truth” of climate change.

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

The most comprehensive scientific assessment of the
condition of the world’s ecological systems

Major findings:
These changes have
contributed to Degradation can be
Humans have Environmental
human well-being reversed, but it
drastically altered degradation could
and economic requires work
ecosystems get much worse
development, but at
a cost
Will we develop in a sustainable way?
The triple bottom line: Requires that humans apply
sustainable solutions that meet knowledge from the sciences to
• Environmental goals Limit environmental impacts
• Economic goals Maintain functioning
• Social goals ecological systems

Sustainability is We Should
Measured by the use or use resources (anything that is
useful for creating wealth or
misuse of resources, both improving lives) in ways that
material and energy do not diminish them.
.
Current Environmental Issues
 Ecological footprints
Population Consumption
are not all equal
• The ecological footprints of countries
Human Our consumption vary greatly
population of resources has
• The U.S. footprint is almost 5 times
growth risen even faster greater than the world’s average
exacerbates all than our
• Developing countries have much
environmental population smaller footprints than developed
problems growth. countries
We face challenges
in pollution
• Waste products and artificial chemicals
We face
used in farms, industries, and
households
challenges in
agriculture
• Each year, millions of people die
from pollution • Expanded food production led
to increased population and
consumption
• It’s one of humanity’s greatest
achievements, but at an
enormous environmental cost
• Chemical fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Erosion
• Changed natural systems
 We face
challenges in
climate
01 The Earth’s surface is warming

Since the Industrial Revolution,

atmospheric carbon dioxide
02 concentrations have risen by 37%, to
the highest level in 650,000 years

Global warming is only one of many

03 disturbing trends identified by the
scientific community—

Meanwhile, global population

04 continues to increase
 We face
challenges in
biodiversity
• Human actions
have driven many
species extinct, and
biodiversity is
declining
dramatically
• “Biodiversity loss
may be our biggest
environmental
problem; once a
species is extinct,
it is gone forever”