SOUTHERN LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS

SAN ROQUE, SOGOD, SOUTHERN LEYTE

A.Y. 2022-2023

BTLED-AFA 101: CROP PRODUCTION-PQF-L5

2021 OUTLOOK SITUATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES:

PRODUCTIVITY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION AND THE GENDER

ROLES OF FARMING RESPONSIBILITY IN PARTIDO DISTRICT, CAMARINES SUR
PHILIPPINES.

AFA-CROP PRODUCTION INSTRUCTOR:

MR. TAMAR MEIJA

STUDENT:

MARTINE DEBBIE Z. CORRE BTLED-AFA 1B

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 I. INTRODUCTION

The majority of cassava research has focused on its biology, anatomy, and physiology.
As a result, crop accounting and financial analysis must be used to conduct a full range
of cassava value chain analyses. This study considered the dynamics of the value chain
outside of the farmers' control by involving other chain actors such as middlemen,
processors, and sellers. Furthermore, no research on the cassava value chain has ever
been conducted in this specific location, making this study more unique and relevant. A
value chain is a chain of activities in which products pass through in sequence and gain
value at each activity. It is defined as the entire range of operations from production to
consumption. Furthermore, if cassava farming is not properly managed, it can have
devastating environmental consequences, such as habitat damage and soil
deterioration. Cassava production in the Philippines in 2019 was 2,630,800 MT, valued
at PhP21,485,400.00. Camarines Sur contributes only 5% of the country's cassava
production, but data for specific districts is scarce. Thus, cassava dynamics analysis is
important in determining such information. This is the first comprehensive cassava
study in the district, and even in the region, that employs crop accounting, financial
analysis, and value.

II. DISCUSSION

This paper explains the cassava value chain in Partido district, Camarines Sur, the
Philippines, using crop accounting and financial analysis. Cassava (Manihot esculenta),
also known locally as "kamoteng kahoy," is well-known for its ability to produce a
reasonable yield in poor soil conditions with little or no farm inputs. This is why cassava
is frequently grown by resource-limited farmers and is regarded as a good source of
food security. This study was conducted in 2019 to analyze its productivity. Data was
primarily gathered through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The
findings revealed that men are primarily responsible for farming, while women are
responsible for marketing. It also discovered why farmers, despite having options, do
not use them. Due to crop perishability, farmers frequently choose the less profitable
transaction path. It also solved the mystery of this region's low productivity in
comparison to national and international production. Typhoons, government policies,
and pricing mechanisms all have an impact on the country's overall productivity. Cost
accumulation, value addition, and cost-return analyses are all intriguing. Farmers are
less profitable, but have the greatest opportunity for profit when the constraints are
addressed, whereas sellers are highly profitable due to lower input costs. The
researcher also identified the existing entry barriers in each chain, as well as
recommendations on how to eliminate or mitigate them. This situation can help cassava
stakeholders design intervention mechanisms to maximize the crop's potential.

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The mixed-method study was conducted in 2019, prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in
the district and the onslaught of three super typhoons that battered the region in 2020,
destroying cassava production significantly. Key informant interviews (KII) and focus
group discussions (FGD) were both used to collect primary data. Furthermore, the
document review was steered to collect substantial data that served as the foundation
for comparing the research results and existing claims about a specific topic, because
there are no existing records of cassava players in the Partido district, the purposeful
method of snowball sampling was used to determine the respondents. All known major,
active, and available farmers, sellers, and middlemen were included in the study. Other
key informants who contributed significantly to the study's realization included
Municipal Agriculturists, Local Government Unit (LGU) representatives, Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI) personnel, and Department of Agriculture (DA) officers.

The average age of the players in the value chain is between 47 and 49 years old. When
compared to the results of PSA's study in 2019, which revealed an average age of 48, the
findings indicate that there is no discernible difference in terms of age [12].

Table 1 also shows that the majority of farmers are men, whereas the majority of
middlemen and sellers are women. Women appear to be in charge of marketing, while
men appear to be in charge of farming. It was also revealed that farmers' income is
considered to be below the country's poverty line, whereas middlemen and sellers'
income is considered to be above the poverty line. According to the 2013 analysis,
cassava farmers are resource-limited, which is a common scenario given that cassava
can be grown with little or no farm inputs [3]. It is also worth noting that the average
number of family members for both players is significantly higher than the country's
average household size of 4.4 people. All of the players appear to be from the same
model class in terms of civil status and educational attainment.

Table 1. The socio-demographic profile of cassava value chain participants (Partido

District, the Philippines).

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Table 2. Cassava farmers' average production costs and returns (Partido District, the
Philippines).

According to the value chain map in Figure 1, farmers deal primarily with two actors:
sellers and processors and middlemen. There have been cases where they directly sell it
to consumers; however, this is rare and usually involves a very small volume or
quantity. Sellers, on the other hand, can sell it directly to consumers or food processors,
depending on the price agreed upon. This is most common in the markets of downtown
Goa, Sagay, San Jose, Tigaon, and Lagonoy, where marketing activities occur on average
twice a week. When cassava is sold to a consumer or a food processor, the processing
begins immediately, as indicated by a dark green portion of the map.

Figure 1. Cassava value chain map, Partido District, the Philippines.

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 III. CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS

Cassava farming is typically undertaken by those living below the poverty line, while
marketing is a secondary concern. Usually undertaken by those who live just above
the poverty line. Men have gender roles, and women do not. Women are associated
with production, whereas men are associated with marketing. Because the crop is
perishable,
Farmers frequently choose the less profitable transaction route. Farming and
processing technology is scarce and unavailable. It is therefore recommended that
the government and non-governmental organizations shift their focus. Farmers'
efforts and initiatives to increase production. The Partido district's cassava industry
is not being used to its full potential, as evidenced by low output. Thus, financial
assistance from government agencies should be provided to acquire the farm inputs
required to boost production. Aside from that, it can be concluded that logistics, a
non-value-added component, has reduced returns while providing no benefits. As a
result, a technological mechanism can reduce or eliminate non-value-added
expenses. Crop accounting is based on historical costs, but the effects of imputed
costs were not considered. So, it is recommended that a study be conducted that
takes into account family labor.

Another suggestion is to build transportation infrastructure and facilities, as inefficiency in

logistics is difficult to overcome, be afforded by the chain's participants Farmers suggested
financial assistance and the provision of machinery for processors, while sellers suggested a
proper place of operation and training workshops. Entry barriers should be considered in the
development and implementation of government policies and NGOs' programs. Players'
financial accounts are not kept up to date. As a result, it is strongly advised that the players keep
financial records through simple bookkeeping. A program to improve accounting. Universities
could propose to help the players with recordkeeping practices.

IV. REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
356477692_Productivity_value_chain_analysis_of_cassava_in_the_Philippines

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