Mole Concept

SOLUTIONS OF MOLE CONCEPT

EXERCISE # 1

PART - I
A-1. (i) 2 g of H2 = 1 mole H2
1 mole = 22.4 L
1
(ii) 16 g of O3 = mole of O3
3
1 1
Volume of mole O3 at STP = 22.4 × = 7.466 L
3 3

66
A-2. Number of moles of N2O in 100 g mixture = = 1.5
44
34
Number of moles of H2 in 100 g mixture = = 17
2
100
Maverage = = 5.40
18.5

B-2. 1 g atom of Fe (56 g Fe) is present in 1 mole of the compound. As 4.6 g Fe are present in 100 g of the
100
compound, 56 g of Fe will be present in × 56 g = 1217 g of the compound.
4.6

B-3.
Relative no. Simplest
Element Atomic mass % Simple ratio
of atoms whole No.
25
H 1 25 25 =4 4
6.25
75 6.25
C 12 75 = 6.25 =1 1
12 6.25
So empirical formula CH4.

C-1. Ag2CO3  2Ag + CO2
276 g Ag2CO3 = 216 g of Ag
 2.76 g of Ag2CO3 = 2.16 g of Ag.

C-2. 3Fe + 4H2O  Fe3O4 + 4H2
Mole of Fe 3
=
Mole of H2O 4
18 3 3
Mole of Fe = × =
18 4 4
3
Weight of Fe = × 56 = 42 g.
4

448
C-3. (i) Mole of oxygen = = 0.02
22400
Wt. of oxygen = 0.02 × 32 = 0.64 g.

2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
0.02 mol
2 mol KClO3  2 mol KCl  3 mol O2

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 Mole Concept

2
(ii) Mass of KClO3 originally taken = × 0.2 × 122.5 = 1.64 g
3
2
(iii) Mass of KCl produced = × 0.02 × 74.5 = 0.993 g
3

D-1. 3CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 

 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O + 3CO2
50 73.5 3
Initial mole = 0 0 0
100 98 4
3 1 2 5 1
final mole 0 –  =
4 2 3 12 6

D-2. (a) Br2 + CI2   2BrCI

1 mol 1mol 2mol
0.025 0.025 0.050 mol
Theoretical yield of BrCI = 0.050 mol
0.05  80
actual yield is = = 0.04 mole
100
(b) Br2 left unreacted = 0.025 – 0.02 = 0.005 mol.

E-1. 2 mol KClO3  3 mol O2

4
Also 4 mol KClO3  3 mol KClO4 or mol KClO3  1 mol KClO4
3
4 10
 KClO3, 2 + = moles.
3 3

E-2. Moles of Ca in Ca = moles of Ca in CaO

or 1 × moles of Ca = 1 × moles of CaO
1 m
= or m = 1.4 g
40 56

E-3. On heating Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 , Na2CO3 remains unchanged while NaHCO3 changes into Na2CO3 ,
CO2 and H2O. The loss in weight is due to removal of CO2 and H2O which escape out on heating.
 wt. of Na2CO3 in the product = 2.00 – 0.248 = 1.752 g.
Let the weight of Na2CO3 in the mixture be X g.
 wt. of NaHCO3 = (2.00 – X) g.
Since Na2CO3 in the products contains X g of unchanged reactant Na2CO3 and rest produced from
NaHCO3.
The wt. of Na2CO3 produced by NaHCO3 only = (1.752 – X) g.
Now , we have ,
NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + (H2O + CO2) 
 (2.0 – X) g (1.752 – X) g
Applying POAC for Na atoms ,
moles of Na in NaHCO3 = moles of Na in Na2CO3
1 × moles of NaHCO3 = 2 × moles of Na2CO3
2.0  X 1.752  X NaHCO3  84 
=2×
84 106 Na2CO3  106
82
X= = 1.328 g.
62
1.328
 % of Na2CO3 = × 100 = 66.4 %.
2.0

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 Mole Concept
E-4. Let x g chalk (CaCO3), (5 – x) g clay present
wt of H2O + wt of CO2 = 1.1
11 x
(5 – x) × + × 44 = 1.1
100 100
so x = 5/3
5/3
so % of chalk = × 100 = 33.33%.
5

F-1. (a) K [Co (C2O4)2 (NH3)2] (b) K4 P2O7

1+x–4+0=0 4 + 2x – 14 = 0
x=+3 2 x = 10
x = +5
(c) CrO2 CI2 (d) Na2[Fe (CN)5(NO+)]
x–4–2=0 2+x–5+1=0
x = +6 x = +2
(e) Mn3O4 (f) Ca (CIO2)2
3x – 8 = 0 2 + 2x – 8 = 0
x = +8/3 2x = 6
x = +3
(g) [Fe (NO+) (H2O)5] SO4 (h) ZnO22–
x+1+0–2=0 x–4=–2
x = +1 x = +2
(i) Fe0.93O
0.93x – 2 = 0
0.93x = 2
2 200
x= = = 2.15
0.93 93

H-1. mole of KOH = M × V() = 1 × 0.1 = 0.1

Hence : mass of KOH = mole × molecular mass = 0.1 × 56 = 5.6 g

H-2. Molar mass of KCl = (39 + 35.5) g = 74.5 g

W 2 = 7.45 g, Mw2 = 74.5 g
Vsol = 500 mL
dsol = 1.2 g mL–1
W  1000
m= 2
Mw 2  W1
In the above relation, W 1 is unknown, so find W 1.
W 1 = (W sol – W 2) g = (Vsol × dsol – W 2) g = (500 × 1.5 – 7.45) g
7.45  1000
 m= = 0.168 mol kg–1 = 0.168 m.
74.5  592

H-3. (i) Molarity of NaOH = 2

Density = 1 g/ml
Let volume of solution = 1000 ml
 mass of solute = 2  40 = 80
Mass of solution = 1000  1 = 1000 g
Mass of solvent = 1000 – 80 = 920 g
2
molality = = 2.17
920 /1000
(ii) m = 5 Density = 1.5 g/ml
Let 1 Kg solvent
mole of solute = 5
mass of solute = 5  40 = 200 g

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 Mole Concept
Total mass of solution = 200 + 1000 = 1200 g
mass of solution 1200
 Volume of solution = = = 800 ml
density 1.5
5
M= = 6.25
800 /1000
2 36 9
(iii) In (i) mole fraction of solute = = = = 0.0377
920 956 239
2
18
5 90 9
(iv) In (ii) mole fraction of solute = = = = 0.0826
1000 1090 109
5
18
80
(v) In (i) % (w/w) of NaOH =  100 = 8 %
1000
200
(vi) In (ii) % (w/w) of NaOH =  100 = 16.67 %
1200
200
(vii) In (ii) % (w/v) of NaOH =  100 = 25 %
800

2  moles of BaCl2  1  moles NaCl  1  moles of HCl 2  1 1 1 1 1 4

I-1. [Cl–] = = = = 8 M.
0.5 0.5 0.5

I-2. Volume of HNO3 = 50 ml, density = 1.5

M
d= , mass of solution = 50 × 1.5
V
75  63 3
weight of HNO3 = = × 63
100 4
3 63 3
Mole of HNO3 = × = Mole
4 63 4
Mole of HNO3 3
M= =1= =1
Volume of solution 4  Vlit
3
V= lt = 750 ml
4
Volume of water added = 750 – 50 = 700 ml

Moles 1 6
I-3. Molarity =  3= So V = 7/3 = 2.33 Lt.
Vlt Vlt

30 40
I-4. (i) Mass of NaOH = 300  + 500  = 90 + 200 = 290 g
100 100
mass of solution = 300 + 500 = 800
290
% w/w of NaOH in mixture =  100 = 36.25 %
800
(ii) Density of final solution = 2 g/ml
800
Volume of solution = = 400 ml
2
290
% w/v of NaOH =  100 = 72.5 %
400
290 / 40 29 / 4
(iii) In (i) molality of final solution = =  1000 = 14.2
(800  290)  1/1000 510

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 Mole Concept
PART - II
A-1. Statement of avogadro's hypothesis.

16  22.4
A-2. Mol. wt. of gas is = = 64 g
5.6
32 + 16x = 64
x=2

B-1. Empircal mass of CH2O = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30

Molar mass 120
n= = =4
Empirical mass 30
Hence : molecular formula = (CH2O) 4 = C4H8O4

B-2.
Elements % % / Atomic mass Simple ratio Simplest whole no.
Ca 20 20/40 = 0.5 1 1
Br 80 80/80 = 1 2 2
Hence : Empirical formula = CaBr2
200
n= =1
200
Hence : Molecular formula = CaBr2

B-3. 8% sulphur by mass means – 8 g sulphur is present in 100 g solid.

100
 32 g sulphur (1 mole atom) will be present in = × 32 = 400 g
8
[ compound must be having at least one atom of sulphur]
 min. mol. mass = 400 g.

mass of C
B-4. % of C =  100
molar mass
21  12
69.98 =  100
M
M = 360.1.

3
C-1. KClO3 
 KCl + O2
2
3
mole or 33.6 litre O2 from 1 mole KClO3
2
1
11.2 litre of O2 formed by mole KClO3
3

3
C-3. 2 Al + O2 
 Al2O3  weight of Al required = 2  27 = 54 g
2

C-4. Moles of CO2 formed = moles of H2SO4 = 0.01  Volume of CO2 = 22.4  0.01 = 0.224 L.

C-5. By applying POAC for C atoms

moles of ethylene × 2 = mole of polythene × n × 2
100 g wt. of polethene
×2= ×n×2
28 28  n
wt. of polyethene = 100 g
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 Mole Concept
C-6. 3M + N2   M3N2
Let Atomic wt. of metal = a
so (3a + 28) g nitride contains metal = 3a gram
3a
 14.8 g nitride contains metal = × 14.8 = 12
3a  28
so a = 40.

D-1. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 

 CaSO4 + 2H2O
Initial mole 0.5 0.2 0 0
finally mole 0.5 – 0.2 0 0.2 0.4

D-2. Zn + Fe + 2S  Zn (FeS2)

initial mole 2 3 5 0
final mole 0 3–2 5 –4 2
=1 =1

D-3. 2X + 3Y 
 X2Y3
weight W gram W gram 0
w w
Mole
36 24
w 1 w
L.R.  ×
36 2 24  3
No. one is L.R.
2X + 3Y 
 X2Y3
w w w
36 24 2[36]
w
Weight of X2Y3 = [72 × 2] = 2 w
2  36
So weight of X2Y3 = 2 [weight of X Taken ]

D-4. C + CO2   2CO

 6  44 
Given moles  12  = 0.5  44  = 1
So C is limiting reagent
  CO formed = 1 moles
1
Now moles of Ni need to react with 1 moles of CO are × 58.7 = 14.675 g.
4

21.2  10 3
E-1. Moles of Na2CO3 = = 200
106
So moles of CO2 = 200
& so moles of CaCO3 reqd = 200
 wt of CaCO3 reqd = 200 × 100 = 20 kg.

E-2. M + X2  MX2

MX2 + X2  M3X8
M3X8 + Na2CO3  NX + CO2 + M3O4
206
mole of NX = =2
103

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 Mole Concept
POAC for X Atom :
No. of X atom in M3X8 = No. of X Atom in NX
8 [No. of mole of M3X8] = 1 [No. of mole of NX]
2 1
No. of mole of M3X8 =   = mole
8 4
Now POAC for M Atom
3 [No. of mole of M3X8] = 1 × [No. of Mole of M]
1
 3× = No. of mole of M
4
3
weight of M atom = × 56 = 42 gram
4

E-3. Balanced equation :

Nal + AgNO3  Agl + NaNO3 (1)
2AgI + Fe  Fel2 + 2Ag (2)
2FeI2 + 3Cl2  2FeCl3 + 2I2 (3)
From (3)
mole of I2 mole of FeI2
=
2 2
mole of FeI2 mole of AgI
=
1 2
mole of AgI mole of AgNO3
=
1 1
 mole of I2 = (mole of FeI2)
 mole of AgI   mole of AgNO 3 
=   =  
 2 2
254  103 mole of AgNO3
=
254 2
mass of AgNO3
2 × 103 = mole of AgNO3 =
molar mass of AgNO3
mass of AgNO3 = 170 × (2 × 103) g = 340 × 103 g = 340 kg.

E-4. 2 + 2CI2  CI + CI3

Given mass 25.4 gram 14.2 gram 0 0
initial mole 0.1 mole 0.2 mole 0 0
final mole 0 0 0.1 0.1

E-5. P4 + O2  P4O6 + P4O10

31 gram 32 gram
According to question weight of P is conserved so
Let Mole of P4O6 = a
Mole of P4O10 = b
Initial weight of P = Final weight of P.
31 = [a × 4] × 31 + [b × 4] × 31
4 a + 4b = 1] (1) × 3
Initial weight of oxygen = Final weight of oxygen
32 = [ a × 6] × 16 + [a × 10] × 16
3a + 5b = 1] (2) × 4

12 a + 20 b = 4
1
12 a + 12 b = 3 So b=
8
8b=1

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 Mole Concept
1
Similarly a=
8
1 284
So weight of P4O6 = × 220 = 27.5 P4O10 = = 35.5.
8 8

Ether
E-6. Li AlH4 + t-butyl alcohol   LiAlHC12H27O3 (M.W. = 254)
0.05 mole 12.7 gram
12.7
= = 0.05 mole
254
Li atom remain conserved so
No. of mole of LiAlH4 = No. of mole of LiAlHC12H27O3
So No. of mole of LiAlHC12H27O3 = 0.05
0.05
% yield = × 100 = 100%
0.05

heated
E-7. NaH2PO4 + Mg2+ + NH4+   Mg(NH4)PO4. 6H2O   Mg2P2O7
Since P atoms are conserved , applying POAC for P atoms,
moles of P in NaH2PO4 = moles of P in Mg2P2O7
1 × moles of NaH2PO4 = 2 × moles of Mg2P2O7
( 1 mole of NaH2PO4 contains 1 mole of P and 1 mole of Mg2P2O7 contains 2 moles of P)
wt. of NaH2PO4 wt. of Mg2P2O7
=2×
mol. wt. of NaH2PO4 mol. wt. of Mg2P2O7
wt. of NaH2PO4 1.054
=2× .
120 222
Wt. of NaH2PO4 = 1.14 g.

E-8. CaCl2 + NaCl = 10 g

Let weight of CaCl2 = x g
CaCl  CaCO3  CaO
1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
x x x
mol mol mol
111 111 111
1.62
Mole of CaO =
56
x 1.62
 =
111 56
x = 3.21 g
3.21
% of CaCl2 = × 100 = 32.1 %
10

E-9. H2SO4 + 2NaOH   Na2SO4 + 2H2O

1
for 1 mole NaOH mole H2SO4 required
2
70 g H2SO4 in 100 g solution
98 100
g H2SO4 in =  49 = 70 g solution.
2 70

F-1. 2(+1) + 2 x = 0  x=–1

F-2. 2(+2) + 2x + 7 (–2) = 0  x = +5

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 Mole Concept
F-3. SO32–  1(x) + 3(–2) = – 2 x = + 4
S2O42–  2 (x)+ 4 (–2) = – 2 x = + 3
S2O62–  2 (x)+ 6 (–2) = – 2 x = + 5

F-4. NaN3 1(+1) + 3(x) = 0 x = –1/3

N2H2 2(x) + 2(+1) = 0 x = –1
NO 1(x) + 1(–2) = 0 x = + 2
N2O5 2(x) + 5(–2) = 0 x = + 5

F-5. Fe3O4 can be written as FeO.Fe2O3.

In FeO , Fe has oxidation state + 2 , in Fe2O3 has oxidation state + 3.
1 2  2  3 8
resultant oxidation number = = .
3 3

–10e
F-6. N2H4   2Nx+
(– 2)
 2x – 2 (–2) = 10.  2x = 6  x = + 3.

G-1. Valency factor ratio is inversely related to molar ratio.

(V.f.)HI : (V.f.)HNO3 = 1 : 3 = 2 : 6  Molar ratio = 6 : 2

G-2. MnO4– + C2O42– + H+ 

 Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
V.f. = 5 V.f. = 2
 Balanced equation : 2MnO4– + 5C2O42– + 16H+ 
 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O

G-3.  (V.f.)P4 : (V.f.) HNO3 = 20 : 1

 x = 1; y = 20

G-4. X– + XO3– + H+   X2 + H2O

V.f. = 1 V.f. = 5
 Molar ratio = 5 : 1

G-5. Equating number of O-atoms on both sides :

3b = a + b + 2a + c/2
 4b=6a+c
Also, from charge balance : c = a + b  a : b : c = 3 : 7 :10

6.02  1022 1
H-1. Molarity =  = 0.2
6.02  1023 1/ 2

H-2. Mole = M  V
100  10–3 = 0.8  V
V = 0.125

 M M
H-3. Molarity of Cl– = 3 (molarity of FeCl3) = 3   = .
 30  10

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 Mole Concept
H-4. Let, nH2O = nNaCl = n
Mole of solute n
m= = × 1000
wt. of solvent (kg) n  18
1
= × 1000 = 55.55 m.
18

nA
H-5. Mole fraction of A i.e. XA =
Total moles
nH2O
So XH2O =
Total moles
XA nA
Now =
XH2O nH2 O
nA  1000 X  1000 0.2  1000
and molality = = A = = 13.9 Ans.
nH2O  18 XH2O  18 0.8  18

98  10  1.84 (% w / w)  (d) 10

H-6.Molarity = = 18.4 M { M = } (d in g/ml.)
Gmm Mol. mass of solute

H-7. Weight of KOH = 2.8 gram

Volume of solution = 100 ml
2.8  1000 28
M= = = 0.5 M
56  100 56

I-1. M1V1 + M2V2 = MR [V1 + V2]

1 × 500 + 1 × 500 = MR [500 + 500]
MR = 1

M1V1  M2 V2 0.6  250  0.2  750

I-2. Mfinal = ; 0.25 = ; So Vwater = 200 ml.
V1  V2  Vwater 250  750  Vwater

2 4 6
I-3. Moles of Cl– in 100 ml of solution = + ×2+ = 0.2184
58.5 111 53.5
0.2184
Molarity of Cl– = × 1000 = 2.184.
100

400  300  200

I-4. Conc. of cation =
400
200  300  400
conc. of anion =
400
 ratio of the conc. = 1

I-5. Let volume is V ml

H2SO4 + 2 NaOH  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
mmole 0.2 V 40 x 0.1
40  0.1
m. moles of H2SO4 remains = 0.2 V –
2
40 x 0.1
0.2V 
2 6
=
V  40 55
V = 70 ml

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 Mole Concept
PART - III
51.17 13.04 34.78
1. (A) C : H : O = : : = 4 : 12 : 2 or 2 : 6 : 1
12 1 16
Empirical formula = C2H6O & molar mass = 46 g/mol
Mol formula = C2H6O
C2H6O + 3O2 
 2CO2 + 3H2O
1 mole 44.8 L at STP
0.25 mole (11.2 L at STP)

10.5 1 7
(B) C: H = : = : 1 = 7 : 8 Empirical formula = C7H8
12 1 8
Mol wt. = 2  VD = 2  46 = 92
Mol formula = Empirical formula = C7H8
C7H8 + 9O2   7CO2 + 4H2O
nCO2 > nH2O
(C) C : H = 42.857 : 57.143
= 3:x (given)
On solving, x = 4  molecular formula = C3H4
1 mole of C3 H4 contains 4NA hydrogen atoms.
Empirical formula is same as molecular formula
C3H4 + 4O2 
 3CO2 + 2H2O
nCO2 > nH2O
0.44
(D) Mass of C in organic compound = mass of C in CO2 =  12 = 0.12 g
44
0.18
Mass of H in organic compound = Mass of H in H2O =  2 = 0.02 g
18
 Mass of O in organic compound = 0.3 – (0.12 + 0.02) = 0.16 g
0.12 0.02 0.16
 C:H:O = : : = 0.01 : 0.02 : 0.01 = 1 : 2 : 1
12 1 16
 Empirical formula = CH2O, but it contains 2 O atom per molecule
 Molecular formula = C2H4O2
1 mole of C2H4O2 contains 4 NA hydrogen atoms.
C2H4O2 + 2O2 
 2CO2 + 2H2O
1 mole 44.8 L
0.25 mole 11.2 L

2. (A) Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq)   ZnCl2(s) + H2 (g)

Initial mole 2 2 0 0
final mole (2-1=1) 0 1 1
2 1
Excess reagent left = × 100 = 50%
2
Volume of H2 = 22.4 lit.
Solid product obtained = 1 mole
Limiting reagent is HCl.
(B) AgNO3(aq) + HCl 
 AgCl(s) + HNO3(g)
170 18.25 1
Initial mole =1  0 0
170 36.5 2
1 1 1 1
1– = 0
2 2 2 2

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 Mole Concept
1
1
Excess reagent = 2 × 100 = 50%
1
Volume of gas = 11.2 lit.
1
Solid product = mole
2
Limiting reagent is HCl.
(C) CaCO3(s)   CaO(s) + CO2(g)
100
Initial mole 1 0 0
100
0 1 1
Excess reagent not present
Volume of gas = 22.4 lit. at STP
Solid product is 1 mole

(D) 2KClO3(s) 
 2KCl + 3O2(g)
Initial mole 2/3 0 0
0 2/3 2
No excess reagent left
Volume of gas = 44.8 lit.
2
Solid product is mole.
3

M1V1  M2 V2 0.2  100  0.1  400 0.6

3. (A) Molarity of cation = = = = 0.12
V1  V2 500 5
3(0.2)100  0.1  400 0.6  0.4
Molarity of Cl— = = = 0.2
500 5
50  0.4  0
(B) Molarity of cation = = 0.2
100
0.4  50  0
Molarity of Cl— = = 0.2
100
2(0.2)30  0
(C) Molarity of cation = = 0.12
100
30  0.2
Molarity of SO42– = = 0.06
100
(D) 24.5 g H2SO4 in 100 ml solution
25.4
Molarity = 98 = 2.5
0.1
 Concentration of cation = 2 × 2.5 M
Concentration of SO42– = 2.5 M.

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. In Ca3(PO4)2
mole of Ca atom 3
=
mole of O atom 8
8
mole of ‘O’ atom = (mole of Ca atom)
3
Mole of Ca atom = 3

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 Mole Concept
2. C H O
mass 24 8 32
24 8 32
moles
12 1 16
ratio 2 8 2
Simple integer ratio 1 4 1
Hence empirical formula is CH4O

3. Use reaction C12H22O11 + 12O2  12CO2 + 11H2O.

34
In 24 hr. moles of sucrose consumed = × 24.
342
34
 In 24 hr. moles of O2 required = × 24 × 12. (according to stoichiometry).
342
34
mass of O2 required = × 24 × 12 × 32 = 916.2 g.
342

4. (A) Explanation : 2 Ag + S  Ag2S

2 × 108 g of Ag reacts with 32 g of sulphur
32 320
10 g of Ag reacts with × 10 = >1g
216 216
It means ‘S’ is limiting reagent
32 g of S reacts to form 216 + 32 = 248 g of Ag2S
248
1 g of S reacts to form = = 7.75 g
32
Alternately
10 1
neq of Ag = = 0.0925 neq of S = = 0.0625 (neq = number of equivalents)
108 16
Since neq of S is less than neq of Ag
 0.0625 eq of Ag will react with 0.0625 eq of S to form 0.0625 eq of Ag2S
Hence , amount of Ag2S = neq× Eq. wt. of Ag2S = 0.0626 × 124 = 7.75 g

5. 2 SO2 + O2   2SO3
Initial mole 10 15 0
Final mole (10 – 2x) (15 – x) 2x
 Given 2x = 8
 x=4
 Mole of SO2 left = 10 – 2 × 4 = 2
Mole of O2 left = 15 – 4 = 11

6. Let wt. of Fe = 100 g so wt. of O2 = 10 g

3
2Fe + O2   Fe2O3
2
10 10
by the stoichiometry of the reaction mole of O2 will combine with mole of Fe
32 24
10
wt. of Fe = × 56 = 23.3 g or 23.3%.
24

7.  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 
CaC2 + H2O   C2H4 ... (1)
nC2H4   ... (2)
From equation (1)
mole of CaC2 = mole of C2H4
64  103
= mole of C2H4
64
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 Mole Concept
From equation (2)
mole of C2H4 mole of polymer
=
n 1
10 3 wt. of polymer
=
n n(28)
wt of polymer = 28  103 g = 28 Kg

8. Let of mol of Fe undergoing formation of FeO = x

Let mol of Fe undergoing formation of Fe2O3 = 1 – x
1
then, Fe + O2  FeO
2
x x/2 x
3
2Fe + O2  Fe2O3
2
3 1 x
1–x (1 – x)
4 2
x 3
As given,  (1 – x) = 0.65 = Total moles of oxygen
24 4
x = 0.4 = moles of FeO
1 x
= 0.3 = moles of of Fe2O3
2
Mole of FeO 4
 =
Mole of Fe2O3 3

1
9. C + O2   CO .... (1)
2
x y
Initial mole 0
12 32
y  x1
final mole 0 – 
32  12  2
1
CO + O2   CO2 .... (2)
2
For no solid residue C should be zero in eq. (1)
y x 1
For that –  >0
32 12 2
y x
>
32 24
y 32
>
x 24
y
> 1.33
x

10. (C + S)   CO2 + SO2

nCO2
nSO2 
2
Let wt. of C = x
So, wt. of S = 12 – x
12  x 1  x 
  
32 2  12 
x = 5.14 g.

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 Mole Concept
11. ZnS + HNO3 
 Zn(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO2
(+2) (–2) (+5) (+2) (+6) (+4)

13. On balacing Na atoms on both sides of reaction, we get :

y = 6x.
 x:y=1:6 (only A option matches).

14. Balance reaction is

2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 3H2SO4   2MnSO4 + 5O2 + 8H2O + K2SO4
 Sum of stoichiometric coefficients = 2 + 5 + 3 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 1 = 26

15. Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e– 

 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
(H2O2  O2 + 2H+ + 2e–) × 3
___________________________________________
Cr2O72– + 8H+ + 3H2O2   2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 3O2
The reaction practically occurs with this stoichiometry.

16. Molar fraction & molality is independent of temperature.

% by weight  10  d 36.5  10  1.2

17. M= = = 12 M
Mw 2 36.5
36.5  1000 1000
m= = = 15.7 m
36.5  (100  36.5) 63.5

18. 1000 mL solution contain 2 mole of ethanol or 1000 × 1.025 g solution contain 2 mole of ethanol
wt. of solvent = 1000 × 1.025 – 2 × 46
2
m= × 1000
1000  1.025  2  46
2
m= × 1000 = 2.143
933

19. Mole fraction of H2O = 1 – 0.25 = 0.75

xC2H5OH nC2H5OH 0.25  46
= or wt. % = × 100 = 46%.
XC2H5OH  XH2O nC2H5OH  nH2O 0.25  46  0.75  18

20. Mass of H2SO4 formed by 4g SO3 = 4.9 g

100  1.96  0.8  4.9
Mass % of H2 SO4 = = 80.8 %
100  1.96  4

21. Mass of ethyl alcohol = 1.5  0.792 g

Mass of water = 15  1
Total mass of solution = 15 + 0.792  15 = 26.88
mass 26.88
Volume of solution = = = 29.09
density 0.924
 30  29.09 
% decrease in volume = 
 30   100  3% .

PART - II
1. Mole of SO42– 4 × 1.25 = 5 g ion.

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 Mole Concept
2. C:O:S=3:2:4
Hydrogen is = 7.7%
 100 – 7.7 = 92.3 % contains C,O & S
 3  2 4
%C=   92.3 ;  92.3
 3  2  4 
× 92.3 ; %O= %S=
9 9
Simple Simplest whole
Elements % % / Atomic mass
ratio no.
H 7.7 7.7 6 6

C 30.76 30.76/12 = 2.56 2 2

O 20.51 20.15/16 = 1.28 1 1

S 41.02 41.02/32 = 1.28 1 1

 empirical formula C2H6OS
minimum molar mass = 24 + 6 + 16 + 32 = 78

3. Balanced chemical equation is

4nXeF6 + 
 + 4nHF + 4nXeF4
100 1
nteflon = =
100 n n
1
 n XeF6 required = × 4n = 4 moles
n
4. (Atomic weight of Al and Cr = 27 and 52, M.wt. of Cr2O3 = 152)
49.8 g
Moles of Al = = 18.4 mol
27 g Al
18.4
= = 9.2 mol of Cr2O3
2
200 g
Moles of Cr2O3 = = 1.31 mol
152 g Cr2O3
Since 2 mol Al is required for 1 mol of Cr2O3.
So, Al is the limiting reagent and Cr2O3 is in excess. Moles of Cr2O3 is excess
= (1.31 – .92) = 0.4 mol
Weight of excess Cr2O3 = 0.4 × 152 = 60 g Cr2O3

5. From one mole of initial mixture, some FeO must have reacted with oxygen and got converted into
Fe2O3.
4FeO + O2 
 2Fe2O3
3 2
Initial moles
5 5
3 2 x
Final moles –x +
5 5 2
But, final moles ratio is 2 : 3.
3 
 5  x 2
 =
 2 x 3
 5  2 

1
 x=
4

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 Mole Concept
1
 Moles of FeO reacted = x =
4
1 1
 Moles of O2 required = (x) = = 0.0625
4 16
 Mass of O2 required = 0.0625 × 32 = 2 g

1
6. F2 + 2NaOH  O2 + 2NaF + H2O
2
Mole 50 × 103 2[50 × 103]
2NaF + CaO + H2O  CaF2 + 2 NaOH
2× [50 × 103] 50 × 103 Mole
Weight of lime (CaO) = 50 × 103 × 56
= 2800 kg.
Feed amount of lime = 10,000
2800
% Utilisation = × 100 = 28%
10, 000

112
7. nCl2 = =5
22.4
nKOH = 1 × 10 = 10
60%
Cl2 + 2KOH 
 KCl + KClO + H2O
5 10 5 × 0.6 5 × 0.6
=3 =3
50%
3KClO 
 2KCl + KClO3
2 1
3 3
× 3 × 0.5 3
× 3 × 0.5
=1 = 0.5
80%
4KClO3 
 3KClO4 + KCl
0.5 0.8 × 0.5
4
= 0.1

(nKCl)total = 3 + 1 + 0.1 = 4.1 moles  4 moles.

8. C + O2   CO2 + CO
POAC on ‘C’ atom, 1 (mole of C) = 1 (mole of CO2) + 1 (mole of CO)
240 280
= mole of CO2 +
12 28
Mole of CO2 = 20 – 10 = 10
10
Mole % of CO2 = × 100 = 50%.
20

1
9. A + B2 
 AB, 100 Kcal
2
x x/2 x
A + 2B2   AB4, 200 Kcal
(1–x) 2(1–x) (1–x)
100 x + 200 (1–x) = 140
200 – 100 x = 140
60
x= = 0.6
100
x 1
nB2 used = + 2(1–x) = x 0.6 + 2 (1– 0.6) = 0.3 + 2 x 0.4 = 1.1 mol
2 2
Ans = 1.1  10 = 11

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 Mole Concept
10. Let x be the mass of CaCO3 hence mass of MgCO3 = 92 – x
CaCO3 + MgCO3
x 92  x
100 84
CaO + CO2 MgO + CO2
x 92  x
100 84
mass of residue = 48 g
x 92  x
 × 56 + × 40 = 48
100 84
x 92  x 6
 + =  x = 50
100 84 7
 mass of MgCO3 = 92 – 50 = 42 g.

11. C : +4 ; Mn : +6 The sum of the oxidation states of all the underlined elements is
4 + 6 = 10.

12. H2SO5 and Na2S2O3

(+6) (+2)

13. 2Cl2 + S2O32– + 10 OH–   2SO42– + 4Cl– + 5H2O

S2O3 is L.R. so 2 moles of OH– will remain.
2–

14. Balance the equation by any method

4Zn + 10HNO3 
 4Zn(NO3)2 + 3H2O + NH4NO3
 a+b+c=4+3+1=8

15. Let wg water in added to 16 g CH3OH

16  1000 500
molality = =
W  32 W
500 x A  1000 0.25  1000
= = W = 27 g.
W (1  x A )mB 0.75  18

10  1.8  98
16. Molarity = = 18 M
98
% by weight  10  d
17. Use M =
Mw 2
M1V1 = M2V2
90  10  0.8 10  10  0.9
×V= × 80
46 46
V = 10 mL

Total moles of HCl 52

18. Molarity of HCl = = =2M
Total volume 23

19. MClx + x AgNO3 

 xAgCl + M (NO3)x
Mole of MClx = Mole of AgNO3
1 x
1
0.1 = (0.5 × 0.8)
x
x = 0.4 = 4
0.1

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 Mole Concept
PART - III
1. Mole of NH3 = 1.7 = 0.1 Mole H atom = 0.3
Total atoms = 0.4  6.02  1023 = 2.408  1023
3 1
%H=  100 = 17.65%
17

2. (A) and (B) Explanation : M. Wt. = 0.001293 × 22400 = 28.96

M.Wt. = d × volume of 1 mole of gas at STP
28.96
V. D. = = 14.48
2
So (A) and (B) are correct answer.

216
3. 0.5 x n = = mol of Ag
108
n=4
M.wt = 58 + [165]n g/mol = 718 g/mol

4. C + O2 
 CO2
mass 27 88
27 88
moles
12 32
C is limiting reagent
27
Moles of CO2 produced = moles of C = = 2.25
12
 Volume of CO2 at STP = 2.25  22.4 = 50.4 L
Ratio of C and O in CO2 = 12 : 32 = 3 : 8
Moles of unreacted O2 = 2.75 – 2.25 = 0.5
 Volume of unreacted O2 at STP = 0.5  22.4 = 11.2 L

5. (Mw of Na2CO3 = 106, Mw of HCl = 36.5, Mw of NaCl = 58.5)

106
Moles of Na2CO3 = = 1.0 mol
106
109.5
Moles of HCl = = 3.0 mol
36.5
(A) Since for 1 mol of Na2CO3, 2 mol of HCl is required.
So, HCl is in excess (3 – 2) = 1.0 mol
Therefore, Na2CO3 is the limiting quantity.
 2 mol NaCl   58.5g NaCl
(B) Weight of NaCl formed = (1.0 mol Na2CO3) 
 mol Na2CO3   mol NaCl 
= 1 × 58.5 = 117.0 g NaCl
(C) 1 mol of Na2CO3 = 1 mol of CO2 = 22.4 L at NTP

6. (i) K4Fe(CN)6 + 3H2SO4   2K2SO4 + FeSO4 + 6HCN

1 mole 5 mole
Limiting 1/1 5/3
reagent
(1–1) (5–3 × 1) 2×1 1×1 6×1
0 mole 2 mole 2 mole 1 mole 6 mole
Limiting reagent in step (i) is K4[Fe(CN)6]
(ii) 6HCN + 12H2O   6HCOOH + 6NH3
6 mole (excess) 0 0
0 6 mole 6 mole
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 Mole Concept
(iii) (a) 6NH3 + 3H2SO4   3(NH4)2 SO4
6 mole 2 mole 0
Limiting 6/6 2/3
reagent
(6– 32 × 6) (2– 32 × 3) (3 × 32 )
2 mole 0 mole 2 mole
H2SO4
(b) 6HCOOH   6CO + 6H2O
6 mole 0 mole 0 mole
0 mole 6 mole 6 mole
Limiting reagent in step (i) is K4[Fe(CN)6]
(NH4)2SO4 = 2 mol
CO gas = 6 mol

7. 3A + 2B 
 A3B2
initial mole 3 3 0
final mole 0 3–2 1
A3B2 + 2C 
 A3B2C2
initial mole 1 1 0
1 1
final mole 1– 0
2 2

1.12
8. CaCl2  CaCO3 CaO = 0.02 mole CaO
56
 Moles of CaCl2 = 0.02 Mole
Mass of CaCl2 = 0.02 × 111 = 2.22 g
2.22
% of CaCl2 = × 100 = 50 %
4.44

9. (A) Weight of CaCO3 = (0.22 g CO2)

 1 mol CO2   100 g CaCO3   1 mol CaCO3  0.22  100
 44 g CO   mol CaCO   mol CO  = 44
= 0.5 g CaCO3
2 3 2

 0.22 
(B) Moles of CaCO3 = moles of Ca = 
 44 
= 0.005 mol

Weight of Ca = 0.005 × 40 = 0.2 g Ca

0.2
(D) % of Ca = × 100 = 20% Ca
1.0
Hence (C) is wrong.

10. Mw of CaCO3 = 100, Mw of Na2CO3 = 106

Mw of HNO3 = 63 g mol–1
Na2CO3 + CaCO3   CaCO3 + 2NaCl
10
(a) moles of CaCO3 = = 0.1 mol
100
moles of Na2CO3 = moles of CaCO3  2 × moles of NaCl
Weight of Na2CO3 = 0.1 × 106 = 10.6 g
10.6
% purity Na2CO3 = = 100 = 50%
21.2
(b) wrong
(c) correct
(d) moles of NaCl = 2 × 0.1 = 0.2 mol

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 Mole Concept
11. Silica H2O Impurities
% in original clay  40 19 100 – (40 + 19) = 41
% after partial drying  a 10 100 – (a + 10) = 90 – a
On heating, only water evaporates from clay, whereas silica and impurities are left as it is. Therefore, %
ratio of silica and impurities remains unchanged, i.e.
40 41
= ,  a = 44.4%
a 90 a
% of mipurities after partial drying = (90 – a) = (90 – 44.4) = 45.6%

12. (A) Oxidation state of K is +1 in both reactant and product.

In (B), oxidation state of Cr(+6) does not change.
In (C), oxidation states of Ca and C and O do not change.
In (D), the H2O2 which disproportionates is both oxidising and a reducing agent.

13. S undergoes increase in oxidation number from +2 to +2.5, while I undergoes decrease in oxidation
number from 0 to –1.

14. In (C) option, Cl goes from +5 to +7 and –1, while in (D) option, Cl goes from 0 to +1 and –1.

15. Cr oxidises from +3 to +6 while I reduces from +5 to –1. One I atom gain 6 electron.

1  3  3
16. 4H2O + Cu3 P 
 3Cu2+ + H3PO4 + 11e– + 5H+] × 6
6e– + 14H+ + Cr2O72–   2Cr3+ + 7H2O] × 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6Cu3P + 124H+ + 11Cr2O72– 
 18Cu2+ + 6H3PO4 + 22Cr3+ + 53H2O

18. [Mw of KI, (NH4)2SO4, CuSO4, CuSO4.5H2O and Al3+, respectively, are, 166, 132, 160, 250 and 27 g
mol–1]
166  1000 33  1000
(A) M = = 1.0 M (B) M = = 1.25 M
166  1000 132  200
25  1000 27  103  1000
(C) M = = 1.0 M (D) M = = 1.0 M
250  100 27  1

10  d  x
20. (A) Molarity of second solution is = =1M (B) Volume = 100 + 100 = 200 ml
M
200  1
(D) Mass of H2SO4 = × 98 = 19.6 g.
1000

21. Vml 0.1 M NaCl

Vml 0.1 M FeCl2
V  0.1
[Na+] = = 0.05 M
VV
V  0.1
[Fe2+] = = 0.05 M
VV
V  0.1  V  0.1  2
[Cl–] = = 0.15 M
VV

PART - IV
11.2
4. 11.2 g of N2  = 0.4 mole
28
 air = 0.5 mole  0.5 × 22.4 = 11.2 Ltr air

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 Mole Concept
5. 1 mole of air  0.8 mole of N2 = 0.8 × 28 g N2
 0.2 mole of O2 = 0.2 ×32 g O2
w O2  100 0.2  32  100
 % w/w O2 = = = 22.2%
w O2  wN2 0.2  32  0.8  28

6. Density of air at NTP

1 mole of air = 0.8 mole N2 + 0.2 mole O2
= 0.8 × 28 + 0.2 × 32 = 28.8 g = 22.4 Ltr volume.
m 22.8
D= = = 1.2857 g/L
V 22.4

Total mass of solute 60  0.4  100  0.15

10. % of (w/w) = = × 100 = 24.4%.
Total mass of solution 60  100

11. Mass of solute = 60 × 0.4 + 100 × 0.15 = 24 + 15 = 39 g

Mass of solvent = 160 – 39 = 121 g
 39 
 58.5 
Molality = = 5.509 = 5.5 m.
121  10 3

12. Mass of solute = 39 g

160
Volume of solution = = 100 ml
1.6
 39 
 58.5 
 Molarity = = 6.67 M
100  10 3

37.5  80
15. (i) Mass of pure CsOH = = 30 g
100
CsOH + HI  CsI + H2O
30 8  500
– –
150 1000
0.2 mole 0.4 mole
0 0.2 mole 0.2 mole
Base in L.R., [H+] = 0.2 M [Cs+] = 0.2 M [I–] = 0.4 M
51.25  80
(ii) RbOH pure = = 41 g
100
RbOH + HNO3  RbNO3 + H2O
41 0.2  500
– –
102.5 1000
0.4 mole 0.1 mole
0.3 mole 0 0.1 mole
Acid in L.R., [OH–] = 0.3M [Rb+] = 0.4M [NO3–] = 0.1M
(iii) Sr(OH)2 + H2SO4  SrSO4 + 2H2O [Pure Sr(OH)2 = 61 × 0.8 = 48.8 gm]
48.8 0.8  500
– –
121.62 1000
0.4 mole 0.4 mole
– – 0.4 mole
[Sr2+] = [SO42–] = 0.4 M

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 Mole Concept
(iv) Ba(OH)2 + 2HBr  BaBr2 + 2H2O [Pure Ba(OH)2 = 342 × 0.8 = 273.6 gm]
273.6 6.4  500
– –
171 1000
1.6 mole 3.2 mole
– – 1.6 mole
[Ba2+] = 1.6 M [Br–] = 3.2 M

EXERCISE # 3

PART - I
1. MnO4– ; x + 4(–2) = – 1 or x=+7;
CrO2Cl2 ; x + 2(–2) + 2(–1) = 0 or x = +6.

2. (i) 4.0 M, 500 ml NaCl

no. of m moles of NaCl = 500 × 4 = 2000 m moles = 2 moles = 2 moles of Cl – ions
as 2Cl–  Cl2 + 2e–
so 1 mole of Cl2 is generated.
(ii) no. of moles of Na+ = 2 moles
so max. wt of Na amalgam (assuming equimolar Na & Hg)
= 46 + 400 = 446 g.
(iii) Two moles of e– are required = 2 × 96500 C = 193000 C.

25.2  25.25  25.0 75.45

3. Average titre value = = = 25.15 = 25.2 mL
3 3
number of significant figures will be 3.

4.

So, the difference in oxidation state of sulphur is 5 – 0 = 5

5. The balance chemical equation is

3Br2 + 3Na2CO3  5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3CO2

120
6. Mole = =2
60
mass of solution = 1120 g
1120 112
V= = L
1.15  1000 115
2  115
M= = 2.05 mol/litre
112

7. 29.2% (w/w) HCl has density = 1.25 g/ml

Now, mole of HCl required in 0.4 M HCl = 0.4 × 0.2 mole = 0.08 mole
if v mol of orginal HCl solution is taken
then volume of solution = 1.25 v
mass of HCl = (1.25 v × 0.292)
1.25v  0.292
mole of HCl = = 0.08
36.5
36.5  0.08
so, v = mol = 8 mL
0.29  1.25

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 Mole Concept
8. 6 –  ClO3–  6H2SO4  Cl–  6HSO4–  32  3H2O
Hence, – is oxidised to 2
Coefficient of HSO4– = 6
and H2O is one of the product.
Hence (A), (B), (D)

9. Given 3.2 M solution

 moles of solute = 3.2 mol
Consider 1 L Solution.
 volume of solvent = 1 L
Psolvent = 0.4 g.mL–1  msolvent = P × V = 400 g
3.2 mol
 molality = = 8 molal
0.4 kg

X solute  1000 0.11000

10. Molality (m) = =
X solvent  Msolvent 0.9  M solvent
0.1×2×1000
Molarity (M) =
0.1Msolute + 0.9 Msolvent
As Molality = Molarity
0.11000 0.1×2×1000
So =
0.9  Msolvent 0.1Msolute + 0.9 Msolvent
So 0.1 Msolute + 0.9 Msolvent = 1.8 Msolvent
Msolute
So =9
Msolvent
So Ans is = 9

11. Correct order : H3PO4  H4P2O6  H3PO3  H3PO2

( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 1)

12. Mole fraction of urea in aqueous solution = 0.05

Let number of moles of solution is = 1 mole
Mole Mass Volume
Solute 0.05 3g
Solvent 0.95 17.1g
Solution 1 20.1g 20.1/1.2 cm3
nsolute 0.05  1.2 60
Molarity =  1000 =  1000 = = 2.985
Vsolution (inmL) 20.1 20.1
Answer after rounding off = 2.98
Answer after truncation = 2.98

PART - II
8. BaCl2.xH2O  BaCl2 + xH2O.
mH2O = 61 – 52 = 9g
9 1
  nH2O = =
18 2
52 1
mBaCl2 = 52  nBaCl2 = =
208 4
1 1
 simplest formula = : =1 :2  BaCl2.2H2O
4 2
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 Mole Concept
9. nA = 0.1, nB = 1, nC = 0.036
Limiting reagent = C
0.036
 nAB2C3 formed = = 0.012
3
4.8
 MM (ABC23) = 400
0.012
 60 + 2x + 80 × 3 = 400
x = 50
10. Fluorine is the most electronegative element in periodic table hence it shows –1 oxidation state in all its
compounds.

 3n  1 
11. CnH2n+2 +   O2  nCO2 + (n+1) H2O
 2 
5L 25 L
Since volumes are measured at constant T & P
So, Volume  mole
 3n  1 
 nalkane =   × nO2
 2 
3n  1
5= × 25
2
 n=3
 Alkane is propane (C3H8).
12. 8 g sulphur present in = 100 g of organic compound.
100
 32 g sulphur present in = × 32 = 400 g of organic compound.
8
Hence, minimum molecular weight of compound = 400 g/mol

13. H3AsO4  H2S/HCl

 As2S5
Assuming 100% conversion of As, apply POAC rule for ‘As’ atom
1 × nH3 AsO4 = 2 × nAs2 O5
35.5
= 2 × nAs2 O5  nAs2O5 = 0.125 mol
142
14. nFeCl3  nFe OH
3

2.14 0.2
nFeCl3  = 0.2 ; M=  1000 = 0.2 M
107 100
15. In [Fe(CN)6]3– and [Cu(CN)4]2– Fe & Cu are in their highest stable oxidation state.

16. 2NaClO3   2NaCl + 3O2
0.16 g
nNaCl nO2
=
2 3
0.16 2 1 2 1
nNaCl = × = × =
32 3 200 3 300
NaCl  AgCl
POAC of Cl
1 × nNaCl = 1 × nAgCl
1
= nAgCl
300
1 1
Weight of AgCl = × [108 + 35.5] = × 143.5 = 0.48 g
300 300
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 Mole Concept
17. CxHyCl
% Cl = 3.55
3.55
Weight of Cl = 1 ×
100
1 3.55
nCl– =
100  35.5
1 3.55
No of Cl– ion = × 6.023 × 1023 = 6.023 × 1020
100  35.5

92
18. m= 4
23

19. 2C57H110O6(s) + 163O2(g)  114CO2(g) + 110H2O ()

1
445 g = mole
2
110 1 110 18
× mole = g = 495 g.
2 2 4

20. Moles of sucrose required = 2 × 0.1 = 0.2

wt. = 0.2 × 342 g = 68.4 g

6CO2

Combustion
21. CxHyNz 1N2
by Dumas method
1 mole

4H2O
on applying POAC
we get the formula C6H8N2

22. 2NaHCO3  H2C2O4  Na2C2O4  2CO2  2H2O

Let mass of NaHCO3 be x mg
0.25
n=  10–5
25000
w = 84  10–5 g
84  10 –5
%  100 = 8.4%
10 –2

23. H2C2O4 + 2NaOH  Na2C2O4 + 2H2O

m. mol 50×0.5 M×25
nH2C2O4 nNaOH
At end point 
1 2
nNaOH = 2 × nH2C2O4
M×25 = 2 × 50 × 0.5 = 2M
[NaOH] = 2M
50
Now nNaOH is 50 ml = M × V = 2 × = 0.1 mol
1000
mass of NaOH is 50 ml = 4 g

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 Mole Concept
8
24. n1 =  0.2
40
18
n2 = 1
18
0.2
mole fraction of NaOH =  0.167
1.2
8 1000
molality =   11.11
40 18

25. CH4
nC = 1 mole
nH = 4 mole
nC 1
mole percentage of C = × 100 = × 100 = 20%
n C  nH 1 4

26. In the mixture of 56 g of N2 + 10 g of H2, dihydrogen (H2) acts as a limiting reagent.

27. 20 gm KI is present in 100 gm solution

Weight of solvent = 100 – 20 = 80 gm
20
moles of solute =
166
20
molality (m) =  1000  1.51
166  80

 y y
28. CxHy +  x   O2 
 xCO2 + H2O
 4 2
10 ml 55 ml 40 ml
10 40
   x=4
1 x
10 55 10 55
=  = y = 6
1  y 1  y
x  4 4  4 
   
Hydrocarbon is C4H6

3 1
29. (1) Per gram Fe, O2 required = mole (2) Per gram Mg, O2 required = mole
224 48
5
(3) Per gram C3H8, O2 required = mole (4) 5 mole O2 required for 1 mole P4 (124 gm)
44
5
per gram P4 , O2 required = mole
124

30. (1) 2Cu+  Cu+2 + Cu° is a disproportionation reaction

31. Mass of 1 mol of AB2 : MA + 2MB = 25 × 10–3 kg

Mass of 1 mol of A2B2 : 2MA + 2MB = 30 × 10–3 kg
 MA = 5 × 10–3 kg/mol
MB = 10 × 10–3 kg/mol

32. Xsolvent  0.8 ; Xsolute  0.2

Xsolute 1000 0.2 1000 250
m=     = 13.88 mol/kg
Xsolvent 18 0.8 18 18

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 Mole Concept
33. Mass of CO2 = 88g
12
 Mass of C = × 88 = 24g
44
Mass of H2O = 9 g
2
 Mass of H =  9 = 1g
18

35. 2 × mole of Urea  mole of NH3 ........(1)

mole of NH3 = mole of HCl ........(2)
 mole of HCl = 0.02 mole

Mass of Fe (in g)
37. 10 =  106
100  1000
or , mass Fe = 1 g
FeSO4.7H2O (M = 277.85)
55.85 g in 1 mole
1 1
1g— mole × 277.55 g = 4.97 g
55.85 55.55

38. mol of NaClO3 = mol of O2

PV 1 492
mol of O2 = = = 20 mol
RT 0.082  300
mass of NaClO3 = 20 × 106.5 = 2130 g

39. As in H3PO4 Phosphorous is present it's maximum oxidation number state hence it cannot act as
reducing agent.

40. 63% w/w HNO3 solution

63  1.4
M= × 1000 mole/L = 14 mole/L
63  100

10.3  10 –3
41. ppm = ×106 = 10
1030

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