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Lesson 1 Intro To Philosophy - Holistic Perspective Vs Partial Point of View

The document provides an introduction to philosophy of the human person, outlining several lesson objectives including distinguishing between holistic and partial perspectives and reflecting critically on daily experiences. It also defines philosophy as the love of wisdom, explores various branches of philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology, and discusses the importance of adopting a holistic view in doing philosophy.

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Jake Anthony Majadillas
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678 views36 pages

Lesson 1 Intro To Philosophy - Holistic Perspective Vs Partial Point of View

The document provides an introduction to philosophy of the human person, outlining several lesson objectives including distinguishing between holistic and partial perspectives and reflecting critically on daily experiences. It also defines philosophy as the love of wisdom, explores various branches of philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology, and discusses the importance of adopting a holistic view in doing philosophy.

Uploaded by

Jake Anthony Majadillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Philosophy of the
Human Person
JAKE ANTHONY A. MAJADILLAS
Lesson Objectives

1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view


2. reflect on your daily experiences from a partial point of view to
holistic point of view and acquires critical and analytical
thinking skills
3. apply this critical and analytical thinking to the affairs of your
daily life
Introduction to Philosophy

1. What word come to your mind if you hear the word Philosophy?

2. Why do we need to study Philosophy?

3. Is philosophy important to our daily lives?


What is Philosophy?
▪ The term “philosophy is an English translation of the Greek
word “Philosophia”
▪ comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom)
▪ the ancient greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom”
Where Love is the strong desire of a particular object and
wisdom is the correct application of knowledge.
What is Philosophy?
What is the difference between knowledge and wisdom?

Knowledge is knowing that tomato is a fruit.

Wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad.

Philosophy is asking if ketchup is a fruit shake.


What is Philosophy?
▪ A philosopher consequently is lover of
wisdom or one who loves wisdom
▪ The term philosopher is used by
Pythagoras, the Ancient Greek thinker
popularly known for mathematical
formula the Pythagorean Theorem.
Philosopher literally means wise man
or one who knows.
What is Philosophy?
▪ they soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human
reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things.
Common meaning of Philosophy
Philosophy is called science because the investigation is
systematic and it follows certain steps or it employs certain
procedures.
Common meaning of Philosophy
Philosophy as a Natural Light of Reason because it investigates
things, not by using any other laboratory instrument or
investigative tools, neither on the basis of super natural
revelation, otherwise it becomes theology; instead the
philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply human
reason alone or so called unaided reason.
Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle
1. Principle of Identity- whatever is is; and whatever is not is
not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not
being is not being. It means that each thing is identical with
itself.
Ex: "a = a" or "For all x: x = x",
Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle

2. Principle of Non-Contradiction- it is impossible for a thing to


be and not be at the same time, and at the same respect. The law
of non-contradiction is a rule of logic. It states that if something
is true, then the opposite of it is false.

For example, if an animal is a cat, the same animal cannot be a


cat.
Philosophy as a First Cause or Highest Principle
3. Principle of Excluded Middle- a thing is either is or is not;
everything must be either be or nor be; between being and not
being, there is no middle ground possible. Example “The world
is flat” you should answer True or False. If you believe the world
is flat, then you should answer True if not you should answer
False. Principle of Sufficient Reason- nothing exists without a
sufficient reason for its being and existence.
Philosophy as a BODY of KNOWLEDGE
because it provides methodologies and insights on how societal
questions, such as moral dilemmas of euthanasia or same sex
marriage, can be answered.
Philosophy as an INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY
is an analytic procedure of addressing individual thought
process such as resolving conflict and confusion, testing
positions, and analyzing beliefs in all instance's, doing
philosophy is prescribed by logic, reason and ethics leading to
wisdom.
Branches of Philosophy
A. Metaphysics
Came from the Greek words meta and physika, where meta is
beyond off after and physika means physical and nature.
Subdivided into 2
1. General Metaphysics
Ontology
Onto means being.
Logos means knowledge or study
Ontology - studies beings in their ultimate causes, reason and principles through the
aid of reason alone.
Branches of Philosophy
2. Special Metaphysics

Cosmology - Cosmology means it studies the world or universe including its origin,
dynamics, and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order.

Psychology - Came from the Greek word psyche and Logos means soul and mind and
study. Study of the nature and dynamics of the person as a whole with emphasis on
the way the persons mind functions and the way she behaves.

Theodicy - Came from the Greek word Theos means God. Study of God, it is the
justification of the Good ness of God in the face of the existence of evil.
Branches of Philosophy
ETHICS

Came from the Greek Ethos means custom or habit. It is the


morality of human actions. It concerns on how human persons
ought to act and the search for definition of a right conduct and
good life.
Branches of Philosophy
EPISTEMOLOGY
Came from the Greek word Episteme and Logos meaning knowledge and study. Study
the nature of knowledge and justified beliefs.

It explains the following:

• How we know what we claim to know


• How can we find out what we wish to know
• How can we differentiate truth from falsehood
• How do we acquire reliable knowledge?
Branches of Philosophy
EPISTEMOLOGY
INDUCTION - On one hand, he sees, hears, and touches; on the other hand, he
organizes mind what he learners through the senses.

DEDUCTION - Real knowledge is based on Logic, the laws, and the methods that
reason develops.
The best example of knowledge according to them is Mathematics, a realm of
knowledge that is obtained entirely by reason that we use to understand the universe

PRAGMATISM - believed that the value in use is the real of truth and meaning. The
meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequence
Branches of Philosophy
LOGIC
comes from the Greek word “ logike” – means a treatise on
matters pertaining to human thought. The concern is the truth
or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects.
Branches of Philosophy
AESTHETICS
is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestation
including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. To
experience aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has
relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative
artist or of appreciation.
Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Doing philosophy means engaging oneself in matters of utility
and methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or
abstract idea. Before engaging in philosophical inquiry, one
must be able to distinguish between a holistic and partial
point of view.
Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
What is the difference between Holistic Thinking and Partial
Thinking?
Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Looking at the characteristics of holistic and partial points of view, it can
be concluded that using a holistic perspective is more reliable in doing
philosophy than using a partial perspective. Partial points of view only
promote limited knowledge on the situation. This leads to wrong
conclusions. Philosophy requires learning to look into all available
perspectives and work on their relationship to come up with sound,
logical, and valid conclusion. In the process, doing philosophy helps one
to develop the skill of broadly looking at the situation first before
concluding anything.
Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
Importance of Holistic Thinking
• A holistic perspective can enable a person to step back and consider the general
• aspects of a certain problem.
• A holistic view also gives rise to a more appreciative about life, as we are able to
look at life in its totality.
• Enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts,
• definitions, arguments, and problems.
• It also improves problem-solving and decision-making.
• A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his
or her ideas.
• Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing.
• Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.
Application
Direction: Give a brief and substantial answer to the following
question. Write your answer on a separate paper.

1. Give at least 5 situations where you are adopted a holistic view


in looking at a problem or situation.
2. How can having a holistic view help us become better individuals?
Quiz Time!
Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a
separate paper.
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!
Direction: Read the statement below and identify what is ask. Write your answers in a
separate paper.
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!

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