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TNCT Module 1-2 - TRENDS, NETWORKS, AND CRITICAL

THINKING
Bachelor of Secondary Education (Mindanao State University)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

TRENDS, NETWORKS, AND CRITICAL

THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CULTURE

Modules 1-2 – Understanding Trends and How They Go Trending

Name of the Learner:

Grade and Section:
Contact Number:
Teacher: Sir Richard B. Sucgang
Contact Number: 09106743561

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CONTENT STANDARDS
The learner understands the emergence of trends and patterns.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner will be able to derive an idea from instances and present this
idea through a 100-word essay, artwork, and other graphic representations.
KEEP IN MIND
To learn and benefit from this module, follow the following steps:
1. Read the module title and the module introduction to get an idea of what
the module covers. Specifically, read the first two sections of this module
carefully. The first section tells you what this module is all about while the
second section tells you of what you are expected to learn.
2. Never move on to the next page unless you have done what you are
expected to do in the previous page. Before you start each lesson, read first
the INSTRUCTIONS.
3. Work on the activities. Take note of the skills that each activity is helping
you to develop.
4. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in
the module.
5. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you
have encountered in this module.
6. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your
teacher.
7. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others
IN YOUR MODULE. Use a separate paper IF NECESSARY.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learners will be able to:
1. Differentiate a trend from a fad Weeks 1-2 (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-3);
2. Explain the process on how to spot a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-2);
3. Point out the elements that make up a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-4);
4. Describe the different characteristics of a trend (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-5);
5. Identify parts of a whole (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-6);
6. Identify and explain an emerging pattern (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-7);
7. Identify causes and consequences (HUMSS_MCT12-Ia-b-8).

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PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Then, write your answer in
the space provided before the number.
1. Which of the following refers to a movement or behavior geared towards
a certain direction which is bound to change, and can be positive or negative?
A. fad B. forces C. pattern D. trend
2. The following terms are the factors that shape a trend EXCEPT:
A. cultural forces C. human needs
B. globalization D. social media
3. Which of the following refers to a concept which make people highly
interested in for a relatively short period of time?
A. fad B. forces C. infatuation D. trend
4. The following terms are considered as Fad EXCEPT:
A. barbie Doll C. pet rock
B. Ipod D. social networking sites
5. Because of this factor, trends develop through global advertising
platforms of transnational corporations shown on traditional media channels
and internet. Which of the following causes develops the trend through global
advertising platforms of transnational corporations publicized on traditional
media channels and internet?
A. digital connectivity C. human needs
B. globalization D. social media

ACTIVITY 1.
Directions: Analyze the following pictures. Read the cue words from the
ideas beside the pictures. Find the answer from the jumbled letters below in
each item.
It is used on social media to identify specific
topics
H A G S A T S H
Answer:

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Means of mass communication

M A D E I
Answer:

A set of moral principles

E H C T S I
Answer:

Data in the form of digits, images, and

broadcasting
T A G I L D I
Answer:

Use one’s mind actively to form ideas

K N I H T
Answer:

A group or system of interconnected people or

things
T E N K O W R
Answer:

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DISCUSSION
LESSON 1: EXAMINING TRENDS AND FADS
Fad
It is seemingly drastic swings in mass behavior without obvious external
stimuli. Fads are something that people are highly interested in for a relatively
short period of time. It can be characterized as unpredictable, short-lived and
without social, economic, and political significance (Bikhcandani, 1992).
Karl and Sharpio (1985) described it according to the theory of network
externalities, where the utility of a product increases when more people use it.
Life cycles of a regular product consists of four stages.

• Introduction: The product is

introduced to the market; sales are still
low and market share is still insignificant.
• Growth Stage: The product is
steadily rise and a significant market
share is achieved.
• Maturity Stage: The producers aim
to keep the market share through
innovations.
• Decline: The market may dwindle
due to competition or lack of innovation.
A fad is often used interchangeably with the word trend. Although a fad is
short-lived, what is important to know is that fads can help predict trends.
Trends
It is a pattern of gradual change in a condition, output or process, or an
average or general tendency of a series of data points to move in a certain
direction over time, represented by a line or a curve on a graph.
It is a new item or a practice that stabilizes and transforms into a habit, a
lifestyle, or an enduring product. Some trends seek to innovate lifestyles and
find practical ways to solve social issues and improve our well-being. It could
be a response to the problems that have confronted groups or societies. It also
reveals the shape of the future.
A significant social trend is best understood as a series of related events
that emanate from a range of causes, manifests a continuity over a a period,
and rebounds to significant social, cultural, economic and political changes.
Example of trends are rising of OFWs, changing roles of women, changing model
of mobile phones, religious fundamentalism as well.
Trends and Fads are sometimes used interchangeably. They are both
important for organizations and people to keep updated with the changing
environment. However, as a member of society, it is important for us to
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determine the difference between trends and fads using six elements to deepen
our understanding of survival and adaptability.

Emergence of Trends
How do we recognize that a trend is starting to emerge? The capacity to
identify emerging trends is rooted in our capacity to recognize patterns. Our
encounter with patterns was facilitated by experience and processed by the
mind through abstraction and generalization.
According to Philosopher John Locke, there are no innate ideas. All of the
ideas that we have are derived from experience and that every complex idea we
have in our minds can be traced back to a simple idea. It means that experience
is comprised of sensation and reflection. Locke points out that all active mental
process such as analyzing, criticizing, evaluating, and judging form part of the
reflection of experience.
According to Duin and Pekalska (2007), pattern recognition is
characterized by three stages, namely. representation, generalization and
evaluation. Adaptation, which serves as an intermediary stage is also involved
in the process.

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Our ability to recognize patterns enables us to see and analyze to identify

emerging trends. There are internal factors that influence such emergence.
These are human needs, historical forces, globalization and digital cone activity,
and social media.
Factors Shaping Trends
Understanding factors that shape trends can provide us insights into how
to predict trends, how they are developing, and how they are sustained. The
following terms are just some of the factors that shape a trend:
• Human Needs
Humankind will instinctively tend to its needs. Our desire to build a better
world or improve the quality of life compels us to discover, invent and explore
new technologies, products, services, forms of knowledge and skills. In meeting
our needs, we enhance our intelligence, creativity, and social skills that in turn,
increase our chances for survival.
• Historical Forces
Humankind creates responses in social issues. The response varies how
the government impose its power while the citizenry can act on its own. The role
of the government is to formulate policies to response societal needs, but when
polices are enforced, behaviors change and become trends that are practiced by
citizenry.
• Globalization
The global exchange of goods and services increased the interaction
between states and societies. The globalizing world integrates information
through global advertising using technologies. Thus, trends and innovations are
also carried on a global scale, ensuring the resilience of the products.
• Digital Connectivity and Social Media
Social Media continue to expand and grow. For example, Facebook has
grown into most popular social networking site, catering businesses and
entrepreneurial initiatives in the Philippines. Products gain mileage because of
the advertising using this platform.
Social media’s use of trending is not exactly how trends are defined in this
lesson. For example, twitter declares the topic as “trending”. These topics could
be a local or global event that had just happened, a developing news story or
perhaps a call to action. The trends that it establishes is often unpredictable, it
can rise based on popularity given a short period of time, which could be hours
or a few days.

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ACTIVITY 1. IN OR OUT
Directions: Read the following items. Write IN if you consider this as Trends in
the society and OUT if Fads.
1. Loombands _____________
2. Rising of OFW _____________
3. Samyang noodles _____________
4. Yoyo _____________
5. K to 12 Education Curriculum _____________
6. Taking Selfie _____________
7. Tamagotchi _____________
8. iPhone _____________
9. Ice Bucket Challenge _____________
10.Leather Shoes _____________

ACTIVITY 2.
Directions: Read each question carefully. You may write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. How will you determine if a product is a Trend and a Fad?

2. What are the challenges in sustaining a trend?

3. How is a fad illustrated through a life cycle of a product?

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ACTIVITY 3.
Directions: Read and analyze the following fad or trend situations. What are
you going to do if you encounter these scenarios? You may write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Your friend is an avid fan of K-Pop group. She insists that you go with her to
watch their concert which ticket costs P7,000.00.

2. The Department of Education announced that the learning modality will be

blended and distance learning. Your classmates bought gadgets that will suffice
their online class as education platform.

3. Your friends push you to take the course of BS Computer Engineering so that
you will always bond with them and make group works together.

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POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on the space provided before the number.
1. Which of the following refers to a pattern of gradual change in a
condition, output, or process, or an average or general tendency of a series of
data points to move in a certain direction over time?
A. pattern B. fad C. trend D. forces
2. Because of this factor of trends, the globalizing world integrates
information through global advertising with the use of technologies.
A. Globalization C. Digital Connectivity
B. Human Needs D. Cultural Forces
3. Which of the following elements refers to the degree of attraction that a
fad or a trend causes on people?
A. result B. scope C. support D. appeal
4. To identify emerging trends, we must recognize patterns. Which stage
of the pattern represents learning methodology or problem statement to
enhance the final recognition?
A. representation B. adaptation C. generalization D. recognition
5. A fad is a product that increases when more people use it. Every
product has four stages. In which stage that the producers aim to keep the
market share through innovations?
A. Introduction B. Growth C. Maturity D. Decline

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PRETEST
A. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
the space provided before the number.
1. Which of the following is a long-term process of transformation with a
broad scope and a huge impact? They are also considered powerful factors and
transformative forces in shaping future conditions.
A. fads B. microtrends C. macrotrends D. megatrends
2. The followings are the categories of megatrends that create implication
bringing them both risks and opportunities EXCEPT:
A. Intensity of People’s Impact
B. Advancements in Science and Technology
C. Shifts in Human Densities and Movements
D. Changes in the Earth’s Geology and Ecosystem
3. Which of the following is a phenomenon which is born in small
communities with a clear identity, most often in opposition to the mainstream,
and in the long run, may transform into more mass trends?
A. fads B. microtrends C. macrotrends D. megatrends
4. Which of the following conscious acts from humans direct the course
of a megatrend? They can be people, organizations, or entities that see a new
way to turn the course in favor of growth and development.
A. Innovators B. Game changers C. Government D. Stockholders
5. What are the counter megatrends of climate change today as part of
the trend?
A. Advancements in Science and Technology
B. Shifts in Human Densities and Movements
C. Development in the Sociocultural Landscape
D. Changes in the Earth’s Geology and Ecosystem
B. True or False
Directions: On the blank, write True if the statement is correct, and False if
not.
1. Fads can sustain trends.
2. Teleserye is an example of a fad.
3. Fads have predictable rise and fall.
4. Friendster is an example of a trend.
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5. We innovate lifestyle through trends and fads,

6. Fads fade when the perception of novelty is gone.
7. Trends and fads are crucial in the human evolutionary process.
8. Fads are sustained behavior that turns into lifestyle, mindset ad values.
9. Humans create fads and trends, and at the same time are influenced
by them.
10. Globalization links people together and open new ways of
communicating and creating new goods and services.
DISCUSSION
LESSON 2: MEGATRENDS AND GAME CHANGERS
Megatrends
It is a large, social, economic, political, environmental or technological
change that is slow to form. Once in place, megatrends influence a wide range
of activities, processes, and perception; both in government and in society,
possibly for decades (Saritas, 2011). They are the underlying forces that drive
trends. It is long-term processes of transformation with a broad scope and a
huge impact. They are considered powerful factors in shaping future conditions
(Frost and Sullivan, 2018). Megatrends are powerful transformative forces that
could change the global economy, business and society (Gujit, 2020). It has
been changing the way we live for centuries.
Megatrends differ from trends in three ways
1. Time horizon - It expands over decades.
2. Reach - It has comprehensive impact on all geographic regions and results
in multidimensional transformations of all societal subsystems such as
political, societal, economical, technological, and environmental.
3. Intensity of Impact - Megatrends have a powerful and extensive impact on
all types of actors: government, individuals and organizations.
Categories of Megatrends
Moody (2005) sees megatrends as always in the scale of the global,
emerging as “macroeconomic and geostrategic forces that are shaping our world
and our collective futures in profound ways”. These forces create implications
that are far-ranging and varied, bringing with them both risks and
opportunities.
1. Shifts in Human Densities and Movements - This refers to changes in
population sizes, migration, ethnic and racial compositions of societies, birth
rates, mortality and morbidity rates even geographic distribution of groups.

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2. Changes in Economic Systems - This reflects changes in market behavior

- in the manner of exchange of good and services between low, middle, and high
income - among regions and capital outflows - among nations and continents.
The effect and impact of these changes can be felt globally.
3. Changes in Political Structures and the Rise of Social Movements - This
refers to the shifts in the power configurations among nations and regions. It
may also reflect in the conduct of governance and citizen representation.
Examples of which could be changes in the forms of government and new
strategies of revolutionary movements, such as openness to options for
negotiated peace settlements instead of waging protracted guerilla wars.
4. Advancements in Science and Technology - It denotes research and
development in various fields of the physical and natural sciences, as well as
new inventions, herald a new future that is more reliant to these advances.
5. Development in the Sociocultural Landscape - This could be shifts in the
value systems or the emergence of new values and social practices, thus leading
towards a reorientation of the moral compass.
6. Changes in the Earth’s Geology and Ecosystems - This covers the
environmental pressure caused by development, including fuel emissions, loss
of forests, the increasing impact of climate change manifested by the warning
of the increased temperatures of oceans and the atmosphere, even the rising
sea level.

Classification of Trends
• Megatrends - are events that occur over a longer period, and of which we can
be sure about. They have an influence on all the aspects of life.
• Macrotrends - are specific variations of megatrends. They describe partial
trends that feature a different degree of effectiveness.
• Microtrends - phenomena that are born in small communities with a clear
identity, most often in opposition to the mainstream in the long run, they may
transform into more mass trends.

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• Fads -opposite of trends. They only keep for a short period of time.
Game changers
Game changers are conscious acts from humans to direct the course of a
megatrend. They can be people, organizations, or entities that see a new way to
turn the course in favor of growth and development. These innovations open a
new avenue of change and transforms the landscape. They can also be big
leaders articulating and implementing big ideas. Game changers are always
transformational.
For example, in the field of women’s health, the emergence of
contraceptives changed the playing field for women’s health, articulating the
idea that their bodies are not only for procreation.

ACTIVITY 1. MATCHING CATEGORIES TO TRENDS AND

MEGATRENDS
Directions: Using the six categories, choose the suggested counter megatrends
that fall under each category. Include your own examples of trends.
Categories Megatrends Trends
1. Shifts in Human
Densities and
Movements
2. Changes in
Economic Systems
3. Changes in
Political Structures
and the Rise of
Social Movements
4. Advancements
in science and
technology
5. Development in
the Sociocultural
landscape
6. Changes in the
Earth’s Geology
and Ecosystems
Counter Megatrends:
Aging Population Reduction of production costs via
offshoring
Privacy and Security Issue Increasement of single-headed
households
Growing number of fake news Participatory democracy
Growing role of wireless tracking Increase in global trade
Rising healthcare expenditures Endangered and Threatened Species
Loss of biodiversity Redefinition of family
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ACTIVITY. ESSAY WRITING

You have learned about the megatrends from the previous discussion. As
an individual good citizen, you have to make yourself aware in different trends
in the society because they help people to survive. To have a clear idea of these
concepts, you must perform the task given below.
Directions: Write an essay about the global megatrend that we will encounter
in the future.
Title: “Megatrends Defining Our Future: Are You Ready?”
RUBRICS FOR ESSAY WRITING
Needs
Very Good Good Poor
Improvement
(5 points) (4 points) (2 points)
(0 points)
Introduction Well-developed Introductory
Introductory Introduction
Background/ introductory paragraph
paragraph was not
Define the paragraph contains
does not presented.
Problem contains background
explain the
detailed information
background
background and states
of the
information, a the problem,
problem.
clear but does not
The problem
explanation or explain using
is stated,
definition of the details.
but lacks
problem. but details.
Body Argument was Argument Argument Conclusion
Paragraphs well-developed was was was not
Main with two presented presented presented
Argument supporting with one but without
facts/examples. supporting any
fact/example. example.
Conclusion Conclusion was Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion
presented. was was was not
Opinions and presented. presented presented.
suggestions for Opinions and but no
change are suggestions suggestions
logical and well for change for change
thought out are evident. and/or
opinions are
included.

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POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following classifications of trends occurs over a longer
period of time and of which we can be sure about?
A. fads B. microtrends C. macrotrends D. megatrends
2. The following concepts are megatrend under the categories of
Advancements in Science and Technology EXCEPT:
A. Melting of Major Ice Sheets
B. Advance Research and Inventions
C. Growing Role of Wireless Tracking
D. Manipulating Routes to Optimize Traffic
3. Which of the following classifications of trends has specific variations
of megatrends which also describes partial trends that feature a different degree
of effectiveness?
A. fads B. microtrends C. macrotrends D. megatrends
4. Which of the following conscious acts from humans direct the course
of a megatrend? They can be people, organizations, or entities that see a new
way to turn the course in favor of growth and development.
A. Innovators B. Game changers C. Government D. Stakeholders
5. What are the counter megatrends of emergence of new values and social
practices today as part of the trend?
A. Advancements in Science and Technology
B. Shifts in Human Densities and Movements
C. Development in the Sociocultural Landscape
D. Changes in the Earth’s Geology and Ecosystem

REFERENCES
Books
Ariloa, M. (2016). Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century.
Unlimited Books Library and Services Publishing Inc. First Edition.
Arzadon, M., (et al). (2018). Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking. Vibal
Group Inc.

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Mangiduyos, G. (2016). Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st

Century. Rex Bookstore. First Edition.
Online Sources
Frost & Sulliva. (2018). World’s Top Global Mega Trends To 2025 and
Implications to Business, Society and Cultures. Retrieved from
https://www.thegeniusworks.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/01/Megatrends-2025-Frost-and-Sullivan.pdf
Blackrock Inc. (2018). Megatrends. Retrieved from
https://www.blackrock.com/sg/en/investment-ideas/themes/megatrends.
Group 8- MBA 13. (2018). Megatrends. Retrieved from http://mba13-
group8.weebly.com/classification-of-megatrends.html
Gujit, 2020. Global Megatrends: Mapping the forces that affect us all. Retrieved
from
https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620942/
dp-global-megatrends-mapping-forces-affect-us-all-310120-
en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Megatrend and Trends (2018). Retrieved from
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and-trends/
Saritas O. (2011). The Big Picture – trends, drivers, wild cards, discontinuities
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foresight/methods/analysis/megatrend-trend-driver-issue
Bickandani S., Welch I. & Hirshleifer D. (1992). A Theory of Fads, Fashion,
Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades. Journal of Political
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Duin R. & Pekalska E. (2007). The Science of Pattern Recognition. Achievements
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n_Recognition_Achievements_and_Perspectives
Market Research. (2014). 4 Stages of the Product Life Cycle Require a Different
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releases/all-4-stages-of-the-product-life-cycle-require-a-different-market-
research-strategy-according-to-marketresearchcom-blog-270294311.html.

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