Nature, Forms and Consequence of power

By: 11 Humms-2 Group 2

Introduction page 1 in Student ver

What is Nature of Power?

What is the definition of Power?

According to www.elcomblus.com

Power is its broadest sense, power is one’s ability to achieve the desired outcome.

However, in political terms, power is the ability to influence another—the way one
thinks or behaves—in a manner not of his or her own choosing (Lasswell 1936). It thus
involves one’s capacity to get things done, and to make someone do something he or she
would not otherwise do.

 Explanation: Yung power is having a influence (Inpluwensya) sa mga tao na

mas nakakababa sa mga taong may power, like an elected politician or
branggay Kapitan at ang mga mamamayan na nasa ibaba ng sakop na lugar
nito. Kaya nyang pamunuan ang mga tao.

Political power involves three interrelated concepts: legitimacy, authority, and

sovereignty. According to Roskin et al. (2012), legitimacy refers to the people’s perception
that their government rules rightfully, and thus must be obeyed. Sovereignty, on the other
hand, speaks of the ability of a national government to be the sole leader, which has the
last word of law in that society. Lastly, authority is seen as the political leader’s ability to
command respect and exercise power.

 Meron ding tatlong concept nan aka connect sa Political power, ang legimitacy
o Pagkalehitimo ay ay ang pagtanggap ng mga tao sa isang awtoridad,
karaniwan ay ang pinapatupad na batas o isang rehimen. Authority o awtoridad
ay tumutukoy sa kapangyarihan na taglay ng isang indibidwal o grupo para
pamahalaan ang kaniyang nasasakupan. Soverity o soberaniya ay may
pakahulugang "kataas-taasang kapangyarihan" o "dakilang kapangyarihan at
"paghahari ay isang kapangyarihan ng isang estado na magpatupad ng mga
batas sa kaniyang nasasakupan.

What is the Nature of Political Power?

According to https://slcc.pressbooks.pub/

A common element of all definitions of politics is the struggle over resources, rights, or
privileges. Lasswell’s shorthand for this struggle is who gets what. This struggle requires us
to understand the nature of power, which is a very important concept in political science. At
the most basic level, power is the ability to prevail in struggles over resources, rights, or
privileges. This is an important political concept because power is not evenly distributed in
a polity.

One of the central concepts and issues of political science is power:

  Bakit ang one central concept and issues ng political science is power? Ang power
ay isang malaking respansibilidad ng isang tao o politician na meron ito.

Those one who wields it was Person on authority such as politicians. Politician is a person
who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of or a candidate for an
elected office. As persons having the power to legislate and who represent the people,
politicians will carry out their responsibility for oversight, to ensure that public
administration is conducted impartially and neutrally.

How can power and its consequences be controlled to gain benefits?

Power and consequence are often closely related. The basic principle is that a person with
power has the ability to create consequences for the target person, who takes these
consequences into account when they are deciding whether to comply with a request or
refuse it.

 Ang kapangyarihan at kahihinatnan ay madalas na malapit na nauugnay. Ang

pangunahing prinsipyo ay ang isang taong may kapangyarihan ay may kakayahang
lumikha ng mga kahihinatnan para sa target na tao, na isinasaalang-alang ang mga
kahihinatnan na ito kapag nagpapasya sila kung susunod sa isang kahilingan o
tatanggihan ito.

What is the purpose of power politics?

Power politics prioritizes national self-interest over the interests of other nations or the
international community, and thus may include threatening one another with military,
economic or political aggression to protect one nation's own interest.

 Ang pulitika ng kapangyarihan ay inuuna ang pambansang pansariling interes

kaysa sa mga interes ng ibang mga bansa o ng internasyonal na komunidad, at sa
gayon ay maaaring kabilang ang pagbabanta sa isa't isa ng militar, pang-ekonomiya
o pampulitika na pagsalakay upang protektahan ang sariling interes ng isang
bansa.

What is the three consequences of power?

There are three consequences of power: compliance, commitment and resistance.

Employing certain types of power in particular, ways may result into these consequences.
Compliance refers to the readiness or act of agreeing to do something.

 Compliance- the act or process of complying to a desire, demand, proposal, or

regimen or to coercion
 ang kilos o proseso ng pagsunod sa isang pagnanais, kahilingan, panukala,
o pamumuhay o sa pamimilit
 Commitment- an agreement or pledge to do something in the future a commitment
to improve conditions at the prison especially: an engagement to assume a financial
obligation at a future date. Also means something pledged the commitment of troops
to the war. The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc.
 isang kasunduan o pangako na gagawa ng isang bagay sa hinaharap isang
pangako na pabutihin ang mga kondisyon sa bilangguan lalo na: isang
pakikipag-ugnayan upang tanggapin ang isang obligasyong pinansyal sa
hinaharap. Nangangahulugan din na may ipinangako ang pangako ng mga
tropa sa digmaan. Ang estado o kalidad ng pagiging nakatuon sa isang
layunin, aktibidad, at iba pa.
 Resistance- The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent
something by action or argument.
 Ang pagtanggi na tanggapin o sumunod sa isang bagay; ang pagtatangkang
pigilan ang isang bagay sa pamamagitan ng aksyon o argumento.
First Part: All about power page 2 in student ver.
Power in the natural sciences can be easily established through a
single equation, which signifies the quantifiable nature of physical power.
According to University of Hawaii System (The Fundamental Nature of Power)

There is a type of physical power, however, which is central to this interest. This is the
power that intentionally and physically affects a person contrary to his will, one oriented
not towards influencing, changing, or altering his choice, his will, but to directly opposing it
physically. I will call this force.

What is an example of physical power?

Physical power also comes from having things that are not designed to hurt people. Owning
a building or a machine or even a sewing needle are forms of physical power.

 Mayroong isang uri ng pisikal na kapangyarihan, gayunpaman, na sentro sa interes

na ito. Ito ang kapangyarihang sinasadya at pisikal na nakakaapekto sa isang tao
na salungat sa kanyang kalooban, hindi nakatuon sa pag-impluwensya, pagbabago,
o pagbabago sa kanyang pinili, ang kanyang kalooban, ngunit sa direktang
pagsalungat dito sa pisikal. Tatawagin ko itong puwersa.

Power in society, and by extension, the social sciences, on the other

hand, is more complicated because it is continuously being molded by the
dynamic nature of society and the objective and subjective capacity of man.

Power in society- With social power, one can influence, or even change, society. Social
power is used to exert control over others according to the interests and motivations of the
person(s) in power. Generally, social power is characterized by tradition, charisma, and
rational-legal authority.

What does it mean to have power within a society?

With social power, one can influence, or even change, society. Social power is used to exert
control over others according to the interests and motivations of the person(s) in power.
Generally, social power is characterized by tradition, charisma, and rational-legal authority

The Power in Society is continuously being molded because of constantly changing of

society. Social change can evolve from a number of different sources, including contact with
other societies (diffusion), changes in the ecosystem (which can cause the loss of natural
resources or widespread disease), technological change.

Is society constantly changing?

Social change is way human interactions and relationships transform cultural and social
institutions over time, having a profound impact of society. Social change is a concept many
of us take for granted or don't really even understand. No society has ever remained the
same. Change is always happening.

Dahl( 1950) defined power in society as the ability of person A or institution A

to make person B or institution B do something that person B or Institution B,
on his/her/its own, would not do.
Who is Dahl (1950)?

Robert A. Dahl, in full Robert Alan Dahl, (born December 17, 1915, Inwood, Iowa, U.S.—
died February 5, 2014, Hamden, Connecticut), American political scientist and educator. A
leading theorist of political pluralism, Dahl stressed the role in politics played by
associations, groups, and organizations.

In this Phrase was came from the book of Dahl (The concept of power)

What is “power”? Most people have an intuitive notion of what it means. But scientists have
not yet formulated a statement of the concept of power that is rigorous enough to be of use
in the systematic study of this important social phenomenon. Power is here defined in
terms of a relation between people, and is expressed in simple symbolic notation. From this
definition is developed a statement of power comparability, or the relative degree of power
held by two or more persons. With these concepts it is possible for example, to rank
members of the United States Senate according to their “power” over legislation on foreign
policy and on tax and fiscal policy.

 hindi pa nakabalangkas ang mga siyentipiko ng isang pahayag ng konsepto ng

kapangyarihan na sapat na mahigpit upang magamit sa sistematikong pag-aaral ng
mahalagang panlipunang penomenong ito. Ang kapangyarihan ay tinukoy dito sa
mga tuntunin ng isang relasyon sa pagitan ng mga tao, at ipinahayag sa simpleng
simbolikong notasyon. Mula sa kahulugang ito ay nabuo ang isang pahayag ng
pagkakahambing ng kapangyarihan, o ang relatibong antas ng kapangyarihan na
hawak ng dalawa o higit pang tao. Sa mga konseptong ito ay posible halimbawa, na
ranggo ang mga miyembro ng Senado ng Estados Unidos ayon sa kanilang
"kapangyarihan" sa batas sa patakarang panlabas at sa patakaran sa buwis at
piskal.

Part 2: Taxonomy of Power page 3 in student ver.

In their attempt to classify and better understand power, Barnette and Duvall
(Pallaver 2022) created the taxonomy of power with four major types:

Who is Barnett and Duvall?

Barnett and Duval is the one who created the taxonomy of power.

The exercise of power permeates global governance processes, making power a critical
concept for understanding, explaining, and influencing the intersection of global governance
and health. This article briefly presents and discusses three well-established
conceptualizations of power—Dahl’s, Bourdieu’s, and Barnett and Duvall’s—from different
disciplines, finding that each is important for understanding global governance but none is
sufficient. Power can take several different forms: compulsory, institutional, structural, and
productive.

 Ang paggamit ng kapangyarihan ay tumatagos sa mga proseso ng pandaigdigang

pamamahala, na ginagawang isang kritikal na konsepto ang kapangyarihan para sa
pag-unawa, pagpapaliwanag, at pag-impluwensya sa intersection ng pandaigdigang
pamamahala at kalusugan. Ang artikulong ito ay panandaliang inilalahad at
tinatalakay ang tatlong mahusay na naitatag na mga konseptwalisasyon ng
kapangyarihan—ni Dahl, Bourdieu, at Barnett at Duvall—mula sa iba't ibang
disiplina, na napag-alaman na ang bawat isa ay mahalaga para sa pag-unawa sa
pandaigdigang pamamahala ngunit walang sapat.

Compulsory Power
The direct control of one actor of the conditions and actions of another.

Compulsory power involves the direct control of one actor over the existence or behavior of
another actor. Institutional power is exercised through institutions that reflect the
preferences of more powerful actors. These two categories track to the familiar actor-
oriented logic of most political science analyses

 Ang sapilitang kapangyarihan ay nagsasangkot ng direktang kontrol ng isang aktor

sa pag-iral o pag-uugali ng isa pang aktor. Ang kapangyarihang institusyon ay
ginagamit sa pamamagitan ng mga institusyong nagpapakita ng mga kagustuhan
ng mas makapangyarihang mga aktor. Ang dalawang kategoryang ito ay
sumusubaybay sa pamilyar na lohika na nakatuon sa aktor ng karamihan sa mga
pagsusuri sa agham pampulitika

An actor who has compulsory power can dictate how another individual should behave,
using either material resources or resources that carry a symbolic significance (Barnett
and Duvall 2005). At the beginning of the central coast struggle, the provincial government
and the forest industry possessed the majority of these resources. The government
declared ownership of the land and exercised control over where the forestry companies
deployed their material resources in the form of machinery and forestry crews.

 Ang isang aktor na may sapilitang kapangyarihan ay maaaring magdikta kung

paano dapat kumilos ang isa pang indibidwal, gamit ang alinman sa mga materyal
na mapagkukunan o mga mapagkukunan na may simbolikong kahalagahan
(Barnett at Duvall 2005). Sa simula ng pakikibaka sa gitnang baybayin, ang
pamahalaang panlalawigan at ang industriya ng kagubatan ay nagtataglay ng
karamihan sa mga mapagkukunang ito. Idineklara ng gobyerno ang pagmamay-ari
ng lupa at nagsagawa ng kontrol sa kung saan ang mga kumpanya ng kagubatan ay
nag-deploy ng kanilang mga materyal na mapagkukunan sa anyo ng mga
makinarya at mga tauhan ng panggugubat.

Institutional Power

The indirect ways in which an actor affects another. An example is the use of rules or the
law to impose order.

Institutional power is the power wielded by entities like governments, churches, and
corporations to control people and direct their behavior through the use of rewards and
punishments

 Ang institusyonal na kapangyarihan ay ang kapangyarihang ginagamit ng mga

entity tulad ng mga pamahalaan, simbahan, at mga korporasyon upang kontrolin
ang mga tao at idirekta ang kanilang pag-uugali sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng
mga gantimpala at mga parusa

Structural Power

Basically looks at the position and the roles of various actors in relation to each other.

Example of structural power in the international system is the universal embrace of

sovereign statehood as the only legitimate form of political organization.

 Ang halimbawa ng kapangyarihang istruktura sa internasyonal na sistema ay ang

unibersal na pagyakap sa soberanong estado bilang ang tanging lehitimong anyo ng
pampulitikang organisasyon.Ang manlalaro at ang coach, ang boss at ang
 nagtratrabaho o ang captain at ang crew. The pro-provide sila ng role at
responsibilities na pwedeng gawin ng wlang pag coercing (pamimilit) sa isa’t isa.

Productive Power

Similar to structural power that looks into the relative position of the actors, the social
production of their roles, and how the roles affect the actor’s perceptions and actions.

 Katulad ng structural power na tumitingin sa relatibong posisyon ng mga aktor, ang

panlipunang produksyon ng kanilang mga tungkulin, at kung paano nakakaapekto
ang mga tungkulin sa mga pananaw at aksyon ng aktor.

Productive power. Productive power constitutes actors, their interests, capacities, and self-
understanding through indirect and networked discourse. These discourses make certain
kinds of actions and behavior acceptable and others almost unthinkable.

 Produktibong kapangyarihan. Ang produktibong kapangyarihan ay bumubuo ng

mga aktor, ang kanilang mga interes, kakayahan, at pag-unawa sa sarili sa
pamamagitan ng di-tuwiran at naka-network na diskurso. Ang mga diskursong ito
ay ginagawang katanggap-tanggap ang ilang uri ng mga aksyon at pag-uugali at ang
iba ay halos hindi maisip.

Part 3: Aristotle page 4 in student ver.

(First Paragraph) There are situations where power in government is corrupted by the
personal and selfish goals of individuals.

Politics by Aristotle Book 3

"He who has the power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of any state
is said by us to be a citizen of that state; and speaking generally, a state is a body of
citizens sufficing for the purpose of life. But in practice a citizen is defined to be one of
whom both the parents are citizens; others insist on going further back; say two or three or
more grandparents." Aristotle asserts that a citizen is anyone who can take part in the
governmental process. He finds that most people in the polis are capable of being citizens.
This is contrary to the Platonist view, asserting that only very few can take part in the
deliberative or judicial administration of the state.

 Iginiit ni Aristotle na ang isang mamamayan ay sinumang maaaring makibahagi sa

proseso ng pamahalaan. Nalaman niya na karamihan sa mga tao sa polis ay may
kakayahang maging mamamayan. Taliwas ito sa pananaw ng Platonista, na iginigiit
na kakaunti lamang ang maaaring makilahok sa deliberative o judicial
administration ng estado.

Political corruption is the abuse of public power, office, or resources by elected government
officials for personal gain, by extortion, soliciting or offering bribes. It can also take the form
of office holders maintaining themselves in office by purchasing votes by enacting laws
which use taxpayers' money.

 Ang politikal na katiwalian ay ang pang-aabuso ng pampublikong kapangyarihan,

katungkulan, o mga mapagkukunan ng mga halal na opisyal ng gobyerno para sa
personal na pakinabang, sa pamamagitan ng pangingikil, paghingi o pag-alok ng
suhol. Maaari din itong magkaroon ng anyo ng mga may hawak ng katungkulan na
nagpapanatili ng kanilang sarili sa opisina sa pamamagitan ng pagbili ng mga boto
sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatibay ng mga batas na gumagamit ng pera ng mga
nagbabayad ng buwis.

Who is Thomas Carlyle (1841)?

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian
and philosopher. A leading writer of the Victorian era, he exerted a profound influence on
19th-century art, literature and philosophy.

 Sa pag-aaral ng pulitika, dapat tayong magkaroon ng kamalayan at tanggapin ang

katotohanan na ang kapangyarihan, bilang isang sentral na konsepto, ay dinamiko
at may iba't ibang anyo, depende sa kung sino ang nagpapataw ng kapangyarihan,
at kung paano ipinahayag ang kapangyarihang iyon.

Part 4: Classification of Power page 4 in student ver.

There’s other Classification of Power

Coercive power is defined as “harsh” power, as the capacity to detect and sanction
unlawful behavior (Raven et al., 1998; Turner, 2005). Coercive power is conveyed through
fear of losing one's job, being demoted, receiving a poor performance review, having prime
projects taken away, etc. This power is obtained through threatening others. For example,
the VP of Sales who threatens sales folks to meet their goals or get replaced.

Who has the coercive power?

Coercive power is the ability of a manager to force an employee to follow an order by

threatening the employee with punishment if the employee does not comply with the order.
The most important concept to understand about coercive power is that it uses the
application of force

Power of reward

Reward power is the formal power given to a work leader to give out rewards to other
employees. It is a position power, which means the source of power is based on a leader's
position with a company.

 ang pormal na kapangyarihan na ibinigay sa isang pinuno ng trabaho upang

magbigay ng mga gantimpala sa ibang mga empleyado. Ito ay isang kapangyarihan
sa posisyon, na nangangahulugang ang pinagmumulan ng kapangyarihan ay batay
sa posisyon ng isang pinuno sa isang kumpanya.

Who had this kind of power?

A leader who has the ability to reward an employee or team member for compliance has
reward power. Rewards work best when they are appealing to all participants, for example,
a raise or bonus, a promotion, time off or other perks.

 Ang isang pinuno na may kakayahang magbigay ng gantimpala sa isang empleyado

o miyembro ng koponan para sa pagsunod ay may kapangyarihan ng gantimpala.
Pinakamahusay na gagana ang mga reward kapag nakakaakit ang mga ito sa lahat
ng kalahok, halimbawa, pagtaas o bonus, promosyon, oras ng pahinga o iba pang
perk.

Legitimate Power

Legitimate power is the formal authority given to a person within an organization. Because
it comes from a position or job title, legitimate power is a form of positional power. In any
efficient system, there are different levels of power. This creates a sense of order and adds
structure to the working environment.

 Ang lehitimong kapangyarihan ay ang pormal na awtoridad na ibinibigay sa isang

tao sa loob ng isang organisasyon. Dahil nagmula ito sa isang posisyon o titulo ng
trabaho, ang lehitimong kapangyarihan ay isang anyo ng positional power. Sa
anumang mahusay na sistema, may iba't ibang antas ng kapangyarihan. Lumilikha
ito ng pakiramdam ng kaayusan at nagdaragdag ng istraktura sa kapaligiran ng
pagtatrabaho.

Who had this kind of power?

Legitimate power comes from having a position of power in an organization, such as being
the boss or a key member of a leadership team. This power comes when employees in the
organization recognize the authority of the individual.

 Ang lehitimong kapangyarihan ay nagmumula sa pagkakaroon ng posisyon ng

kapangyarihan sa isang organisasyon, tulad ng pagiging boss o pangunahing
miyembro ng isang pangkat ng pamumuno. Dumarating ang kapangyarihang ito
kapag kinikilala ng mga empleyado sa organisasyon ang awtoridad ng indibidwal.

Expert Power

Expert power is the perception that a certain person has an elevated level of knowledge or a
specific skill set that others in an organization don't have. This perception leads to more
influence within the expert's place of work. An expert power example can be someone in the
team who is the only person around to understand a particular language, write code in a
particular computer programming language, or has first-hand experience of field or market
conditions.

 Ang kapangyarihang eksperto ay ang pang-unawa na ang isang partikular na tao ay

may mataas na antas ng kaalaman o isang partikular na hanay ng kasanayan na
wala sa iba sa isang organisasyon. Ang pananaw na ito ay humahantong sa higit na
impluwensya sa loob ng lugar ng trabaho ng eksperto. Ang isang halimbawa ng
dalubhasang kapangyarihan ay maaaring isang tao sa team na ang tanging tao sa
paligid na nakauunawa ng isang partikular na wika, magsulat ng code sa isang
partikular na computer programming language, o may unang-kamay na karanasan
sa mga kondisyon sa larangan o merkado.

Who had this kind of power?

Expert power is the ability an employee has, regardless of seniority, to show expertise in a

subject or situation.
  Ang kapangyarihang dalubhasa ay ang kakayahan na mayroon ang isang
empleyado, anuman ang katandaan, na magpakita ng kadalubhasaan sa isang
paksa o sitwasyon.

Referent Power

Referent power is a unique type of personal power. It is built on respectful interpersonal

relationships rather than manipulation or coercion. Today's organizations focus more on
building relationships and collaborating across teams. As such, referent power is becoming
an increasingly essential leadership tool.

 Ang referent power ay isang natatanging uri ng personal na kapangyarihan. Ito ay

binuo sa magalang na interpersonal na relasyon sa halip na manipulasyon o
pamimilit. Ang mga organisasyon ngayon ay higit na nakatuon sa pagbuo ng mga
relasyon at pakikipagtulungan sa mga koponan. Dahil dito, nagiging isang lalong
mahalagang kasangkapan sa pamumuno ang referent power.

Who had this kind of power?

Referent power comes from one person liking and respecting another, and identifying with
them in some way. Celebrities have referent power, which is why they can influence
everything from what people buy to which politician they elect.

 nagmumula sa isang tao na nagustuhan at nirerespeto ang isa pa, at ang pagkilala
sa kanila sa ilang paraan. May referent power ang mga celebrity, kaya naman
maimpluwensyahan nila ang lahat mula sa binibili ng mga tao hanggang sa kung
sinong politiko ang pipiliin nila.

Purchasing Power

Purchasing power is the value of a currency expressed in terms of the number of goods or
services that one unit of money can buy. It can weaken over time due to inflation.

Purchasing power means how much your money can buy—its “buying power.” Purchasing
power affects stock prices, as well as general economic health. Rising inflation will erode the
purchasing power of your investments, aka the amount of money you invest will be worth
less when you need to use it.

 Ang kapangyarihan sa pagbili ay ang halaga ng isang pera na ipinahayag sa mga

tuntunin ng bilang ng mga kalakal o serbisyo na maaaring bilhin ng isang yunit ng
pera. Maaari itong humina sa paglipas ng panahon dahil sa inflation.
 Ang ibig sabihin ng purchasing power ay kung magkano ang mabibili ng iyong pera
—ang “buying power” nito. Ang kapangyarihan sa pagbili ay nakakaapekto sa mga
presyo ng stock, gayundin sa pangkalahatang kalusugan ng ekonomiya. Ang
tumataas na inflation ay magwawasak sa purchasing power ng iyong mga
investment, aka ang halaga ng perang ipinuhunan mo ay magiging mas mababa ang
halaga kapag kailangan mong gamitin ito.

Who had this kind of power?

A consumer's buying power represents his or her ability to make purchases. The economy
affects buying power. For example, if prices decline, consumers have greater buying power.
If the value of the dollar increases relative to foreign currency, consumers have greater
buying power.

 Ang kapangyarihang bumili ng isang mamimili ay kumakatawan sa kanyang

kakayahang bumili. Ang ekonomiya ay nakakaapekto sa pagbili ng kapangyarihan.
Halimbawa, kung bumaba ang mga presyo, ang mga mamimili ay may mas
malaking kapangyarihan sa pagbili. Kung ang halaga ng dolyar ay tumaas kaugnay
 sa dayuhang pera, ang mga mamimili ay may mas malaking kapangyarihan sa
pagbili.

Part 5: Conclusion page 6 student ver.

Power is an inescapable feature of human social life and structure. This paper addresses
the nature of power. The standard theory is that power is the capacity for influence and
that influence is based on the control of resources valued or desired by others.

 Ang kapangyarihan ay isang hindi maiiwasang katangian ng buhay panlipunan at

istruktura ng tao. Tinutugunan ng papel na ito ang kalikasan ng kapangyarihan.
Ang pamantayang teorya ay ang kapangyarihan ay ang kapasidad para sa
impluwensya at ang impluwensyang iyon ay batay sa kontrol ng mga
mapagkukunang pinahahalagahan o ninanais ng iba.

Power, that is to say, is always a trust, and it is always held upon conditions. The will of the
State is subject to the scrutiny of all who come within the ambit of its decisions. Because it
molds the substance of their lives, they have the right to pass judgment upon the quality of
its effort. They have, indeed, the duty so to pass judgment for it is the plain lesson of the
historic record that the wants of men will only secure recognition to the point that they are
forcibly articulate. The State is not ourselves save where we identify ourselves with what it
does

 Ang kapangyarihan, ibig sabihin, ay palaging isang tiwala, at ito ay palaging

pinanghahawakan sa mga kondisyon. Ang kalooban ng Estado ay napapailalim sa
pagsisiyasat ng lahat ng pumapasok sa saklaw ng mga desisyon nito. Dahil
hinuhubog nito ang sangkap ng kanilang buhay, may karapatan silang humatol sa
kalidad ng pagsisikap nito. Sa katunayan, mayroon silang tungkulin na magbigay
ng paghatol dahil ito ang payak na aral ng makasaysayang talaan na ang mga
pangangailangan ng mga tao ay magkakaroon lamang ng pagkilala hanggang sa
punto na sila ay sapilitang ipinapahayag. Ang Estado ay hindi ang ating sarili
maliban kung saan natin kinikilala ang ating sarili sa kung ano ang ginagawa nito

Power has existed for centuries and is one of the most important political ideas. Power can
be defined as “the ability to achieve goals in a political system and have others do as you
wish them to” (Maclean & Wood, 2013, p.5). Political power can be in the form of
leadership, economic wealth, strength from weapons, influence or the formation of groups.
Although power can have many forms, it can only exist when allowed to exist (Smith, 2011).
When power exists, leaders can use it to promote order and social cohesion or genocide and
destruction. Furthermore, different forms of power have more or less legitimacy over other
forms. Finally, political power has the ability to control and shape society, but individuals
can also influence and hold.

 Ang kapangyarihan ay umiral sa loob ng maraming siglo at isa sa

pinakamahalagang ideya sa pulitika. Ang kapangyarihan ay maaaring tukuyin
bilang "ang kakayahang makamit ang mga layunin sa isang sistemang pampulitika
at ipagawa sa iba ang gusto mo" (Maclean & Wood, 2013, p.5). Ang kapangyarihang
pampulitika ay maaaring nasa anyo ng pamumuno, yaman ng ekonomiya, lakas
mula sa mga sandata, impluwensya o pagbuo ng mga grupo. Bagama't maaaring
magkaroon ng maraming anyo ang kapangyarihan, maaari lamang itong umiral
kapag pinapayagang umiral (Smith, 2011). Kapag may kapangyarihan, magagamit
ito ng mga pinuno upang itaguyod ang kaayusan at pagkakaisa ng lipunan o
genocide at pagkawasak. Higit pa rito, ang iba't ibang anyo ng kapangyarihan ay
may higit o hindi gaanong pagiging lehitimo kaysa sa iba pang mga anyo. Sa wakas,
ang kapangyarihang pampulitika ay may kakayahang kontrolin at hubugin ang
lipunan, ngunit ang mga indibidwal ay maaari ring makaimpluwensya at humawak.
Power is a critical resource for organizational actors. A person with power commands
prominence, respect and influence in the eyes of others. Possessing power means that a
person is able to influence others more easily and perform his/her job more effectively.
Power relationships affect how managers and employees work together to make decisions
and manage. Therefore, it is essential to understand how some individuals acquire power
when others do not.

 Ang kapangyarihan ay isang kritikal na mapagkukunan para sa mga aktor ng

organisasyon. Ang taong may kapangyarihan ay nag-uutos ng katanyagan,
paggalang at impluwensya sa mata ng iba. Ang pagkakaroon ng kapangyarihan ay
nangangahulugan na ang isang tao ay mas madaling makaimpluwensya sa iba at
magampanan ang kanyang trabaho nang mas epektibo. Ang mga relasyon sa
kapangyarihan ay nakakaapekto sa kung paano nagtutulungan ang mga
tagapamahala at empleyado upang gumawa ng mga desisyon at pamahalaan.
Samakatuwid, mahalagang maunawaan kung paano nagkakaroon ng
kapangyarihan ang ilang indibidwal samantalang ang iba ay hindi.

Questions and Answer

1. It is broadest sense and one’s ability is to
achieve the desired outcome.
2.
3.
4. What is the 3 concepts of Political power
5. What is the name of American political
scientist and educator that define power?
6.
7. Who created the taxonomy of power?
8. Give the 4 taxonomy of power
9.
10.
11.
12. Who is a Scottish essayist, historian and
philosopher?
13. Give at least three characteristics of
power
14.
15.