IT A matter of time Vocabulary 1: expressions with time and future EAE Do the quiz on expressions with time. \ How important is time to you? © What do you do when you want to kill time? a) read b) watch TV ©) phone your friends © What do you consider to be a waste of time? a) going to the cinema b) _ learning how to cook ©) studying history © What do you do when you are pressed for time? a) decide which job to do first b) get very stressed and panic ©) _ ask other people to help you @ What do you do if you are not on time for an appointment? a) phone to say you will be late b) —donothing - that’s life ©) apologise when you arrive Now check your answers at the bottom of the page. Underline the expressions with time in the quiz, spuauy quia aun nok Jo Sous puads 0} 24! pue [eD05 ian axe NOK = 59 Ajulew jan amb ‘auun nok asn nq aun Bunsen inoge Auon oA = 5q AjuleUs | jam aus snok | asm no auns ayews nok pue snorpnys and ave nok = 5.e Ajuleus L ant 0) stomsuy [HAE Match the expressions using future with the situation in which they are most likely to be used 1 Only we can offer a dynamic vision of the future. 2 Nobody can know what the future holds now. a) a comment after tragedy b) a conversation about a childs education 3 There is a serious question) a speech to poten mark over his future here. investors 4 You need to consider your d) a discussion at wore future carefully (BI Put these words for future outlooks into the correct column. bright bleak gt immediate rosy not-too-distant —_gloor happening soon: | a positive ‘a negative the ... future outlook — outlook - a... future a... future { 4 | NB in English we do not say the next future I complete these sentences with words and ‘expressions to do with the future from Exercises 2 and 3. 1 The university set out an ambitious se With plans to achieve a 10 percent increase in student numbers over three years 2. Ido plan to work in another country — but not in the 1'm still studying at the moment 3 He had a job for lfe at the bank so could look forward to a steady but as he knew he wouldn't have to worry about losing his job. 4 I'm afraid that, as you have failed to achieve your sales targets, there is a in our company and you ‘may want to start looking for another job. 5. Prices are likely to remain low for the know when they'l pick up, 6 his failure to lead the team to victory in the cup means he now faces an and cannot rely on staying oon as manager. don'tUNIT 12 _A matter of time put the verbs below into the corr, BE jocations for what you cando to wanes the follocations when you have checked 5, Utu'e. the vou remember them, Sa Uni deriine CA) (NBL Listen again and check Our answers WR complete form of these pre entenees using the correct se phr. extracts" Phtasa verbs from the listening Ie today who h, ‘s young peop! y lave the cre Ton peerr the future in an entirely cow wa and ideas that + pest the setbacks, he bravely decided to head on the future 1 jr 5 The way we behave now will We drove via Rome but as we were just pel your answers, ‘the fut 4 aecestul we are. lure and how 2 | didn't get a chance to see much, e ancient civ is a WAY 80 oa sations were 4 St eron Your future as you will reap the simple diseases such as measles ” fone of us i able to the f 2 wish you would’ like that — 5 none uture with any accuracy | didn’t know where you were aw ee wil othe ito by the «tani j . . , Us Some really fascinat Listening: multiple Matching (Part 4) Seti, venanns 5. During the First Worid War, soldiers in the trenches for months on end. > CB page 148 Strategy 6 I'm going to the exhibition, so I'l 1 listen for the attitudes, opinions or feelings each speaker See you later In the cata expresses. 2 Don't panic if you don’t understand every word, 3 Use the speaker's intonation as well as what they say to help you. [Hl in the listening extracts, you may not hear the same words as the ones on the page. Write down three words or expressions you would associate with the nouns in Task One below. Example: museum ~ precious things, old, valuable When you have completed the listening task and checked your answers, play the recording again and check how many words you heard from your list. 2) MI You will hear five short extracts in which different people talk about visiting somewhere which showed life in the past. TASK TWO For questions 6-10, match the the speaker was interested in, listed A-H. TASK ONE For questions 1-5, match the extracts with the place the speaker visited, listed A-H. extracts with the aspect of the visit that ust complete both tasks. While you listen you m ity of the way of life A a museum Aes es that used to be fetal speaker 1 (_Ti6) B anold house speaker 1 [TI] & the type of dee speaker 2(_ EI p the daily life of workers speaker 31] € anarchaeological site Speaker 2(_[2] Jutionised life Lt D inventions that revol speaker 415) D asspecial celebration Speaker 3[_ 13] treated servants E the way aristocrats speaker 5 [110] E a tour of speaker 4(_[4] munity acty a F the wealth of the co F aship speaker 5[_15] . to animals ; " G people's attitudes ween then and now G a battlefic in humans betw' eld H physical diference H atombUNETI2 A mnatter of time Reading: short texts (Part 1) Strategy 1 In order to understand the purpose or argument in a text, try to summarise what each paragraph is about. This will help you to find the answers to ‘ons about the writer's attitude [HE Read the texts below and choose the summary which best describes the focus of each paragraph. Text A paragraph 1 ) why claims dismissing astrology are unfair 'b) why astrology cannot predict sporting events Text A paragraph 2 2) how to prove the claims made in astrology 'b) why scientists should consider astrology Text B paragraph 1 a) reasons why the movie will be popular 'b) reasons to go and see the movie Text B paragraph 2 a) how the movie could have been better b) how the movie differs from the book Text C paragraph 1 a) the reasons why aliens are interested in us b) the background to 2 belief in alien kidnappers Text C paragraph 2 a) the evidence for and against the existence of aliens ) problems with the theory of alien kidnappers [BZB You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with looking into the future. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. a Are scientists prejudiced against astrology? Earlier this month our Science Editor, Dr David Whitehouse, took a sideswipe at astrology following reports that footballers were preparing for the World Cup by studying the stars ~ their signs, in this case, rather than the opposition’s strikers. The article infuriated another scientist, Dr Paul Kail of Prague, who says thac the claims which astrology makes are just as testable as the claims made by chemists or physicists. For example, astrology claims that people born with Mars in Aries are likely to be more aggressive than average. This is testable. Unfortunately, because of the prejudice of the scientific community, funds for studying astrology are limited. Consequently, much astrological theory is unproven. One could hardly expect otherwise from a tradition which is thousands of years old, but which has only in the last century been subject to scientific analysis. Astrology will succeed or fail on the basis that the claims that it makes are tested and found to be valid. It cannot be judged on the basis that we don't yet have a plausible mechanism for it. Yer scientists scoff at astrology because they cannot understand how i could work. This is an irrational approach, not a scientific one. Moreover, itis putting the cart before the horse. If at least 20 percent of what astrology claims is proven, then we have something to investigate. Kail says that if astrology cannot be explained by existing laws, then maybe it can tell us something new about the universe. Indeed, any scientist worthy of the name should be open to new ways of looking at the universe, rather than defending existing dogmas. From BBC News at bbe-couklnew* 1. According to Dr Kall, how could the theories of astrology be proven? A if more time was given to testing the theories B if astrology attracted more research funding C if scientists included astrology in their own tests, D if we looked more carefully into the history of the subject 2. Dr Kall criticises scientists for being A illogical B derogatory. © narrow-minded D stubborn,Bo The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Hey, movie fans ~ The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy has ‘nally been turned into a movie! Following the radio ply, TV series, commemorative towel and books, this is the latest instalment in the sci-i:comedy franchise. The creatures and sets are inspired and the answer to the sci fifans primal need to see lots and lots of cool stuff. For those unfamiliar with the story, everyman Arthur Dent wakes up one morning to discover that his house is set to be demolished to make room for a bypass. Little does he know the entire planet Earth is also set to be destroyed for an interplanetary bypass by the Vogons, a hideous and bureaucratic race of aliens ‘Whisked off the planet by his best friend, alien-in- disguise Ford Prefect, Dent embarks on a goofy jaunt across the galaxy accompanied by his trusty Hitchhiker's Guide, which looks like 2 really fancy PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). Where the story stumbles is in the teling. As books, The Hitchhiker's Guide was foremost about briliant ideas that raised questions about our place in the universe while getting a laugh. The movie has enough trouble figuring out how to get the characters from one fantastical location to the next that Adams's funniest concepts often feel left in the dust. One wonders what we could have expected had the creator of this science fiction universe lived to see it with his own eyes. 3 According to the writer, the film’s appeal is in its A gadgetry. B plot © acting D special effects 4 The writer thinks that the weakest aspect of the film is that A it fails to reproduce the locations accurately. B it asks too many profound questions. C itlacks the originality of the book. it fails to retain the book's humour. UNIT 12 A matter of time Kidnappers from outer space Aiens are taking millions of people inside their Spacecraft, where they are prodded, probed, scanned and implanted with monitoring devices. The ultimate aim is to create a race of hybrid humans/aliens. Why is so little known about this? Apparently, way back in the 1950s, US President Eisenhower secretly approved a treaty with the aliens. In return for allowing the aliens to build underground bases on US tertitory and abduct US citizens, the government would get details of advanced alien technology. That's the conspiracy theory. What about the fact The idea that millions of people have been abducted is mainly based on the findings of opinion polls. The most optimistic indicates that over 6 million US citizens could be abductees. A problem with the abductions is that they are often recalled through. dreams, nightmares and hypnosis. Critics think this shows that people who say they've been nabbed by little green men from outer space are those who easily confuse fantasy with reality. Some people argue that the worldwide consistency of abduction stories, the evidence of implants and the testimony of independent observers proves that it does happen. In fact, the theory raises more questions than it asks. Why would aliens need to abduct millions of people? Why have implants inside abductees eluded X-ray examination? And when video cameras have been trained on people who say they are regularly abducted when asleep at night, the equipment has failed or no abductions occur. Strange ... 5 Despite lack of evidence, people believe in alien abductions because ‘A. the abductions have a historical precedent. B they believe officals have agreed to hide the abductions they think the aliens have a physical presence on earth. D_ so many experiments are conducted on humans by aliens. 6 What is the writers attitude to the theory of alien abductions? A sceptical B interested © bemused D ciiticalunr A matter of time BE what type of text? a) Match each of these language features to each text (A, B or C) above. Text Passive structures rhetorical questions idioms and colloquial expressions b) Match each of these types of writing to each text above, Text a review an academic argument a sensational story ° Decide where each text would be most likely to appear and why. Use your answers to a) and b) to help you. Text 2 True Stories’ magazine 2 national newspaper a website [BBE Match these meanings to the highlighted words in each text. Use a good dictionary, such as The Longman Exams Dictionary, to help you. Text A a) likely to be true or successful ») to do two things in the wrong order ©) a criticism of someone, given when you are talking about something else 4) to laugh at a person or idea Text B @) abandoned b) falls or is unsteady ©) things that people admire 0) a short trip for pleasure Text C ) examined something using a long, thin object ») put something into someone's body by performing a medical operation ©) pushed someone or something with your finger or a pointed object ¢) passed an electrical beam over something to form a picture of what is inside . Grammar 1: passives 1 > CB pages 144-145 [I] match the reasons the passive is used to the sentences below, a) The agent is unknown or obvious. b) The focus of the sentence is on the event and not the agent. ©) The agent is people or things in general 1 Steps willbe taken to record the history of the town 2 The museum was visited by over 1000 tourists last year. 3 The museum was to have been opened by the mayor on Friday. 4 Younger people have been encouraged to visit the museum, 5. The law is to be changed, allowing galleries to open on Sundays 6 People are taken round the museum by a trained guide. [EA Rewrite these sentences using the passive. Decid needs to be mentioned or not. the agent 1. He wanted the museum to employ him. 2 I'd ike someone to show me round the exhibits 3 I'm not keen on tourists asking me questions! 4 I'm pleased the director asked me to help with the project. 5 We displayed the exhibits in new glass cases. 6 He'll put the pictures up later today. 7 Thay have reduced the entrance prices Use of English: open cloze (Part 2) > CB page 150 [HII Read the text below and write in ‘the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0) THE MEMORIES OF OUR SENSES | went for @ wander into town as, aftr a period of illness, | was going (0) .P2ck... to work the next day and | thought it (1)......... good idea to get Out and see (2) ......« I fel. I was going to get stamps to send some things Off that have to go (3) ........ Snail mall, Waking along in a word of my (4) ssvesses Was almost there (5) \ was stopped in (6) ....se {racks by the beautiful tones ofl Silencio’ | thought | had gone back in time, (7) .-..e.es powerful were the memories (8) ........ invoked. | looked ‘round for the source ofthis wonderful sound and there, to my right, was @ street musician, scrufly dressed, (8) ....... eli the equipment he had at his feet andthe trumpet that he was playing so beautifully. listened to him; play a (10) + more pieces and then moved on. But | was amazed (11)... the strong images tat the piace of music had evoked, Andi got (12). inking how memories can be provoked by the simplest of things, apiece of music, a smell, pictures. We seem to associate music (13) -- memories especially, maybe because it was playing at a specific time (14) .......« because we had it dedicated to us. (15) riggers {hese memories interests me. Which piece of music, smell or whatever makes You remember, and why?abulary 2: idiomati, CB page 144 tc language Put the words in the box into th, ‘appropriate gaps in the article, © most highly dubious vil Gives weight Historians aways claim that we can rewrite hi word This means that some policies and actions ray al countries inthe past that were once praised are pon” OY reaarded as (2) Current claims that, in the may have been acting Solely in our own best inte” rather than for others (3) the arguments prose in the newer version of these histories. wonder wha? vou think if we could (4) of our own future? What we would make of our actions toda) semen which we think of as good and beneficial may (5) 9 be sen as harsh and unfair. One thing is sure =f we spe acting from our own (6) We must be prepared to take responsibility for our actions and apologise f wien we do has @ negative impact on others [I] Use the phrases in bold above to complete these sentences. [1 Inever agreed with free university education. I think it right that students should their own costs. Ve 2 | think its sad that we no longer have free dental | care. This could have a very the next generation. — a | 3 |wonder what today’s kids would .. | the idea that we used to give free milk for children in primary school? am 4 People always say that compulsory conscription into the armed forces was stopped because it was unfair, but | think We Were n-ne BS we needed a professional army! UNIT 12 A matter of Speaking: Ig: (Part 3) > CB pages 149-149 Strategy 1 Remember to 2 You must each don't agree {20k at this task 00k at these Pictures and say how you think each one na have affected the future, then decide which two the most significant effect on the future [BBB Write down one way in which each thing may have affected the future. Then make notes on which two you think were the most significant and why. Now listen to the recording of two students doing the task. Did they agree with you?Grammar 2: the future in the past > CB page 147 BME We can use ‘future in the past’ structures to talk about intentions in the Past. What is the difference between these sentences? Think carefully about what time the speaker is referring to. Example: She was going to change her job but she dighn’t apply in time clauses are in the refers to an intention up unt application had to be in Sorry, | was going to call you, but time. haven't ») | was going to go to university, but | didn’t get the grades. ©) | was going to go and see my gran, but I'm not feeling very well Now mark where each sentence should go on the timeline below. example sentence past x past —— present future MBE Match these Uauses to make sentences. Use the different linking words to help you. Think carefully about the situation, 1 He was just about to leave 2 I was going to invite her 3 The job would have been done by now 4 She would later become a good singer 5 We were to arrive on @) and go to the foothills the following day. b) if there hadn’t been unforeseen delays. ©) but there weren't enough places, 4d) when the telephone rang ©) but we were unaware of her talents at the time [EBB Read the text and choose the best alternative. Read the whole text through before you make choices. Be careful - they are not all the future in the past! t q TDW es I never imagined that achieving my dream would be / so dificult. Thad ital mapped out and my Oroscope success. | thought | were fo / was going to be a pop star by the time | ‘was twenty-five. | actually envisaged how | would get / would have got there - | imagined writing songs in my room. finding a band and finally recording a disk to send to a music entrepreneur who was to make / would make my dreams come true. According to my master plan, | was to have / will have a top ten hit at the age of twenty-one and then make it big in the USA. My dream, however, was cut short when | was only sixteen. As | listened to my idols and started trying to imitate them, | was to be pleased / was pleased with my progress and offered to play at a school gig. | was excited. But | had forgotten / would have forgotten one crucial thing about performing — | had never sung in front of an audience before. Just as | was about to / would n , | went into a kind of shock and nothing came out - | had no voice. | would have given / was to give anything at that moment for the floor to swallow me up. Now my friends joke / will joke about my thwarted dream. be IAI these are comments that were made about the future. They were made by the people in the list below. Match the comments to the people. Getting it wrong! A ‘I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.’ (1943) B ‘This “telephone” has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as @ means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us. (1876) ‘Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?’ (1927) D ‘We don't like their (The Beatles’) sound, and guitar music is on the way out.’ (1962) E ‘Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.’ (1895) F ‘Drill for oil? You mean drill into the ground to try and find oil? You're crazy.’ (1859) G ‘Everything that can be invented has been invented.’ (1899) H ‘Louis Pasteur’s theory of germs is ridiculous fiction.’ (1872) a Decca Recording Company (Music) Charles Duell at the US Office of Patents (which registers inventions) The President of the Royal Society (an organisation of scientists) Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM HM Warner, Warner Brothers Workers who were being enlisted to work for an oil company, Pierre Pachet, Professor of Physiology at Toulouse Western Union internal memo (USA communications company): essay (Part 2) ing: wei pages 151-152 , .e exam: In Part 2 of the Writing paper spout te ne choice of writing an essay Yow en ray Eo organise your writing and give yor! ere son the topic opiio" Sate spout whether you need to present one or 1 Think t4es of the argument. bot, sure YOU plan Your essay carefully. Organise Mal jdeas into paragraphs, einember t0 give reas0ns oF examples to support four views yeend 10 minutes planning, 30 minutes writing and 4 Spivnutes checking. [Bl fed this exam task, ass you have been discussing how things may change in te future. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following topic: inthe futre everyone will be able to shop from home and ths wil break down communities and make us more and ‘more ‘slated. ite your essay in 220-260 words. wiite a plan. Think about your plan in stages: ‘A How many paragraphs do you need for the essay above and what is the focus of each paragraph above? h B How many words do you need in each paragrapt approximately? You have to write the essay in 220-260 words. C How many reasons can you give in each of your central paragraphs? Remember to think about how many words you have and that you have to include a reason or ‘example to support your view. EMT Arnatter of tine BB Use tnking ex through ‘Pressions to help guide the reader In the extract from a sample answer below. (1 ‘ On the one hand At fst onine shopping wil save im 2nd money a5 we won't have to travel to an ™ id from the (2) According 0 me Jt seems to me that a this wil ter both for the planet and for our stress (3) Furthermore On the other hhand, traditional shops may 5° Out of business and communities may die. The streets ‘may be deserted and become dangerous (4) For this reason 1 And so, we should approach the growth OF computer shopring cautious (5) Personally seems ‘0-me that, although people like going on the Internet, they 80 stil enjoy contact with the rest of their community (6) For tis reason / Is the case that, | think traditional shops will survive. (7) Also / But many people like to see and touch what they are buying, especialy with food levels, Improve! Think about the variety of linking words used in the extract above. In which places could you use the following links words in order to show more complex language or a greater range? | believe that ... This means that From my point of view In addition .. BB Make notes for your plan. Write your point, then make notes on your reason. ‘n example has been done for you. feasons for | No face-to-face contact - eg. ne conversation a WI onine; staying at home Now check your plan with the example plan in the Key: reasons against 1 wou acs See counts