SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
_____ Semester, SY _____________
QUARTER 2, MODULE 6
THE EFFECTS OF PROGRAMS
OR PROJECTS

I
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences
Self-Learning Module
____Semester, SY ____ Quarter 2 – Module 6: The Effects of Programs or Projects
First Edition, 2021

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LESSON The Effects of Programs or Projects

Hello Senior High learners! In this lesson you will learn to:

1. evaluate the effects of certain program or projects on knowledge, attitude, and

behavior of individuals, groups, and society.

Before we proceed, do you know that applied sciences help people understand how to
interact with the social world- how to influence policy, develop networks, increase
government accountability, and promote democracy. These challenges, for many people
around the world, are immediate, and their resolution can make a vast difference in people’s
lives. Applied social sciences are facilitating much of people's struggle to live with these
changes. Social work, counseling, and communication are making common issues more of a
public discourse leading to greater acceptance and better understanding and coping on the
individual, group, and community levels.

In today’s situation, you are encouraged to seek help from your parents, siblings,
relatives and even neighbors to help you with your studies. The assistance you need will be
most likely meet if you reach out from the persons around you.

In your previous lesson which is The Effects of Applied Social Science Processes,
you have already analyzed the effects of applied social sciences on Social Awareness,
Self- Awareness, and Self- knowledge, Attitude and Value Change, Behavioral Change, and
Structural Change.

Take a few minutes to reflect on your personal experience with any programs
of projects of the Philippine government. How these programs or projects affected your
personal life? Or how has it influenced your life as a student? Share your insights with your
seatmate.

Discussion of the Lesson

Applied social sciences are those academic social science disciplines, professions
and occupations which seek to use basic social science knowledge, particularly from
sociology, economics and political science, and to a lesser extent psychology, social
psychology and anthropology to make an impact on the daily life of communities,
organizations and persons. Some authorities would also include portions of economic, and in

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particular economic analysis and economic planning as applied social sciences. (Others tend
to see economics not as a social but as natural science, more comparable in some respects
to physics.)

Social work, public health, urban planning and public administration may have been
the original applied social sciences in the U.S. All arose out of social reform movements of
the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Management, community organization, social planning
policy analysis, epidemiology, community medicine, and strategic planning are some of the
many related applied social sciences to arise from this base.
Urban Planning, like landscape architecture and architecture can be considered
applied social sciences to the extent they are concerned with the effects on humans of the
built environment. In each case, applied social science concerns (in particular, the use of
social research findings) are intermixed with technical, engineering, aesthetic and other
concerns and questions.
The practice of politics is an applied social science only to the extent that political
action seeks to apply the insights of political research or theory in practice. The use of survey
research techniques in estimating the impact of political campaigns for elected office is one
such application in widespread use.

Programs and Projects

The history of the Philippines and of its social welfare system has had a profound
impact on what social work is and does in the country. There are broadly three dimensions to
professional practice, all of which remain core to the curriculum for social work students and
all of which are evident in practice and are considered 'professional social work'. These are
Social Casework (conceptualized as assistance towards individual adjustment), Social Group
Work (group activities organized for welfare purposes), and Community Organization (Landa-
Jocano, 1980: 5–6). Whilst this suggests a breadth to social work in the country which is less
evident in many others, one could argue that social work in the Philippines, whether at the
individual, group, or community level, is often concerned with maintenance, rather than
opposition, and with notions of responsibility (whether individual, family, or social).

This is, for many, a strength, and yet others in the profession argue for increasingly
specialist training, practice, knowledge, and skills as the way forward. Social workers in the
Philippines work across a very wide range of organizational and practice contexts. They may,
for example, be employed by international or national NGOs, central or local government,
factories, charities, or faith-based organizations. The DSWD is the central government
department responsible for the protection of social welfare rights and promoting and
supporting social development. While its direct social work functions and facilities are
devolved to local government units (LGUs), the department employs social workers to devise
and monitor national programs, undertake social research, and carry out training and
capacity building across the country. According to its Annual Report 2011, the DSWD had a
total staffing of 10,318 nationwide at the end of 2011, of whom 890 (less than 9 per cent)
were based in the central office and the remainder were assigned to 16 field offices (DSWD,
2011b).

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 These programs eventually affect individual’s knowledge, attitude and behavior.
Knowledge refers to facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience
or education. Attitude refers to a person’s mental view, regarding the way he/ she thinks or
feels about someone or something, while behavior, implies the actions, moves, conduct or
functions of an individual or group towards something or someone.

1. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development measure of

the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to
improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the
conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African countries, which
have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty. The Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the lead government agency of the 4Ps.

Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior
The retention rate of Parents reported an
Individ-ual elementary schools increase in access to
dramatically healthcare and education
Beneficiary mothers
decreased, in some has improved the
with timely exposure to
cases, down to 0%. prospects for their
the program were
The retention rate children’s future.
found to have longer
refers to the number of
birth intervals
students who need to Beneficiary children of
compared to mothers
repeat the year. This Pantawid Pamilya were
who did not receive
reduction is an observed to have a lower
program benefits for
exceptionally probability of dropping out
the full duration of their
favourable outcome of school, especially for
most recent pregnancy
(Torre, B. 2016). the critical ages of 12–15,
where risk of dropping out
is higher (Paqueo et al.
2013)
CCTs also aim to Pantawid Pamilya had The refusal of the 4Ps
Groups reduce child morbidity been found successful in beneficiaries to
by improving access to its primary objectives of undertake hard farm
child health services keeping children healthy work because they
and instructing parents and in school. have monthly financial
on proper child care support from
practices. government.
Educational benefits Increased access to There has been a
Society include a decrease in maternal and child health marked decrease in
the drop-out rate of services and improved the child labour, one of the
children from formal health-seeking behaviors original aims of the
education followed by a of beneficiaries. 4Ps.
greater increase in the
numeracy and literacy
of those who receive
the benefit.

2. Kalahi CIDSS- NCDDP

The Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of

Social Services – National Community-Driven Development Program (Kalahi CIDSS–

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NCDDP) is the community-driven development program of the Philippine Government
implemented through the Department of Social Welfare and Development. Supplemented by
the government of the Philippines.

The program was piloted in Dolores, Quezon in 2002. It was then rolled out in 2003.
Employing community-driven development (CDD) as a strategy, Kalahi-CIDSS trains and
engages communities together with their local governments (barangay and municipal) to
choose, design, and implement development projects to address their most pressing needs.

With Kalahi-CIDSS assistance, communities and local government units have built
school buildings, farm-to-market roads and bridges, health stations, day care centers
common service post-harvest facilities, and many others, small-scale but responsive to
community-identified needs.

Effects
Knowledge Attitude Behavior
College-age children in KALAHI CIDSS Volunteers are valued
Individ-ual treatments areas are 5 beneficiaries were more for their honesty,
percentage points more determined to attend commitment to serve
likely to be enrolled in classes and attend the community, good
college. barangay assemblies. moral values, and
facilitation skills.
In several instances, KALAHI CIDSS Women are actively
Groups the poorest have been beneficiaries, specifically involved in the
the most articulate in the farmers, were more implementation of
expressing their likely eager to plant more KALAHI-CIDSS and
concerns at village crops because of the farm- actually may be more
assemblies and in to-market road project. active than the men.
advocating for certain
subprojects.
Through the five-stage Community members’ Improved basic service
Society process of the CEAC, attendance delivery. Kalahi-CIDSS
communities learn about an has shown to make basic
their development needs d service facilities more
and identify solutions in participation in barangay accessible to and utilized
the form of projects in assembly meetings have by community members.
order to enhance their increased in Kalahi-CIDSS
access to quality basic municipalities.
social services and to
accelerate their
development through
participation in inclusive
local planning, budgeting
and implementation.

3. Sustainable Livelihood Program

The Sustainable Livelihood Program is a capability building program for poor,

vulnerable and marginalized families and individuals in acquiring necessary assets to engage
in and maintain thriving livelihoods that help improve their socio-economic conditions.

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 SLP is implemented through a two-track program. The first track, the Microenterprise
Development Track, supports micro-enterprises in becoming organizationally and
economically viable. Meanwhile, the second track, the Employment Facilitation Track, assists
participants to access appropriate employment opportunities.

Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior

The beneficiaries were The members were able The members

Individ-ual able to look for other to have positive outlook became more vigilant
sources of income than in life because they of their daily
to just wait for the believe that the program expenses.
monthly wages. will help them in terms of
employment.
They were provided
with list of jobs
opportunities based on
their qualifications.
Beneficiaries with a Some respondents said Some groups
Groups group retail business all their participation in SLP believed that
said that their projects helped them with their teamwork is the
have been helpful to confidence and social answer
members for allowing skills, while others said
them to purchase that it helped them
goods on credit. became more patient
Members can come to and understanding of
the store not worrying others.
about having no cash
to pay upfront
especially for food
items.

The vegetable
gardeners said the
project allowed them to
learn about farming.
Small time Small time businessmen Small time
Society businessmen improved were eager to increase businessmen became
their knowledge on how their capital and start a positive towards the
to make their business new business venture. economic progress
grow through trainings because of the
and workshops. program.

Both tracks are executed based on the Community-Driven Enterprise Development

(CDED) approach, which equips program participants to actively contribute to production and
labor markets by looking at available resources and accessible markets. The CDED
approach promotes the Local Economic Development (LED) strategy and Value Chain
Production of each community.

Appropriate training activities are provided to the participants for them to improve their
existing micro-enterprises or pursue other enterprise activities with market opportunities. A
follow through intervention is done by connecting them to non-government organizations and
private sector groups that provide business development services such as: (i) product and

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marketing development, (ii) skills enhancement and business management in preparation for
market integration, and (iii) diversified loan packages for further financial assistance.

4. Social Work

Counseling allows individuals to explore their feelings, beliefs, and behaviors, work
through challenging or influential memories, identify aspects of their lives that they would like
to change, better understand themselves and others, set personal goals, and work toward
desired change. It is helpful for people who are experiencing grief, domestic violence, or
trauma. One of the things people struggle with is moving forward after suffering a loss or
going through something traumatic. Research has shown that psychotherapy results in fewer
relapses of common condition such as moderate depression and anxiety, and that the
positive effects of good therapy extend well beyond treatment. Through the sharing process,
members can develop a level of trust that allows them to be honest, open with one another,
and accepting towards each other despite any faults.

Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior

It involves learning to Conscious of what you are Participate in positive,

Individual show respect for and good at (strengths) as well safe, and respectful
understand others’ as of what you are not relationships, defining
perspectives and their good at (weaknesses). and accepting
emotional states and individual and group
needs. roles and
responsibilities
Members gather Members observe one Practice alternative ways
Groups information to address another for emotional of interacting with others
struggles and various growth. who are caring and
interpersonal issues. encouraging of their
journey.
Express their beliefs,
thoughts, and emotions Speak openly about their
without fear of judgement feelings and talking
or retaliation. directly to one another
about their personal
problems.
Patients communicate Develop social Embrace the idea of
Society well with people they conversational skills and psychiatric health and
meet and experience the help members to develop counseling.
same thing. Counseling crucial listening and
empowers people to lead understanding skills. Acceptance of the need
healthy and fulfilling for help for mental
lives. health issues, such as
post- traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD).

5. Gender and Development (GAD) Advocacy Campaign

At the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), we believe that gender equality is a
human right and a requisite for achieving broader social, political and economic development
goals, as stated in the agenda for Sustainable Development.

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 Philippine Commission on Women defined Gender and Development as the
development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable,
sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self- determination
and actualization of human potentials.

Gender is an important consideration in development. It is a way of looking at how

social norms and power structures impact on the lives and opportunities available to different
groups of men and women.

Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior

Understand the Enhances self- Practicing rights to

Individ-ual concept of gender. determination and quality education,
actualization of human economic
Able to make decision potentials. empowerment, and
affected by political universal access to
processes and social sexual and
development. reproductive health.
Improved Develop women’s voice, Participate in private and
Groups understanding power leadership and influence. public decision- making.
relations and gendered
nature systems and Freedom from violence
for women and girls.
institutions which
impact on the lives of
women and men.
Uncover the ways in Women have the same Reduced gender
Society which men and women opportunities as men, inequalities in terms of
work together, including ability to job opportunities and
presenting results in participate in the public development.
neutral terms of sphere.
economics and
competence.

Learning Activity 1

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Urban Planning, like landscape architecture and architecture can be

considered applied social sciences to the extent they are concerned with the
effects on humans of the environment.
2. There are broadly five dimensions to professional practice, all of which remain
core to the curriculum for social work students and all of which are evident in
practice and are considered 'professional social work'.

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 3. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the lead
government agency of the 4Ps.
4. The Sustainable Livelihood Program is a capability building program for rich,
and patriarchal families and individuals
5. PAMANA is a project aimed at making citizens become stronger agents of
peace and development in the region and in the country.

Learning Activity 2

Direction: Based on the discussion above, write the effects of the 4P’s program on an
individual’s knowledge, attitude and behavior.

1. 4 P’s
Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior

Individual

Thank you for answering the practice exercises. If you answered the practice
exercises correctly, you are now ready to proceed to do the written works. If not, please try
until you arrived on the correct answer.

Instructions: Please write your learning from the above discussion. Write your learning in
your notebook/answer sheet.

Upon reading the lesson above, I learned that…

_
and realized that…

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Directions: Read the short discussion about the K to 12 program. Analyze the effects of the
K to 12 program to you as a senior high school student in terms of knowledge, attitude and
behavior. There are questions below to guide you. Write your answer on your
notebook/answer sheet.

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years
of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School
[SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners,
and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment,
and entrepreneurship.

Every Filipino child now has access to early childhood education through Universal
Kindergarten. At 5 years old, children start schooling and are given the means to slowly
adjust to formal education.

Research shows that children who underwent Kindergarten have better completion
rates than those who did not. Children who complete a standards-based Kindergarten
program are better prepared, for primary education.

Education for children in the early years lays the foundation for lifelong learning and
for the total development of a child. The early years of a human being, from 0 to 6 years, are
the most critical period when the brain grows to at least 60-70 percent of adult size. [Ref: K to
12 Toolkit]

1. K to 12 Program

Effects to
Knowledge Attitude Behavior

Individual

Guide Questions:
1. What is something new you have learned during your classes in senior high?
2. In what ways has your attitude changed? (attitude towards your yourself, classmates,
finances, your future, learning, failure, etc.)
3. How has your behavior changed since you started high school? (Some examples are
study habits, conflict resolution with classmates, coping mechanics for stress, etc.)

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 5 3 2
Information is very well Information is organized The information
Organization organized with well- but paragraphs are not appears
constructed paragraphs, well-constructed and disorganized
use of subheadings, and information is factual. and is suspect
information is factual to being correct
and correct. and factual.
Information clearly Information clearly Information has
Quality of relates to the main topic. relates to the main topic. little to do with
Information It includes several It provides 1-2 the main topic.
supporting details. supporting details and/
or examples.
No grammatical, spelling A few grammatical, Many
Mechanics or punctuation errors. spelling or punctuation grammatical,
errors. spelling, or
punctuation
errors.

Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following refers to facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through
experience or education?
a. attitude c. knowledge
b. behavior d. skills

2. Which of the following refers to a person’s mental view, regarding the way he/ she thinks or
feels about someone or something?
a. attitude c. knowledge
b. behavior d. skills

3. Which of the following is a human development measure of the national government that
provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition,
and the education of children aged 0-18?
a. DSWD c. NGO
b. 4 P’s d. LGU

4. Which of the following is the central government department responsible for the protection of
social welfare rights and promoting and supporting social development?
a. DSWD c. NGO
b. 4 P’s d. LGU

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5. Which of the following allows individuals to explore their feelings, beliefs, and behaviors, work
through challenging or influential memories?
a. Counseling c. SLP Program
b. LED strategy d. Social Sciences

6. All are interventions done by connecting SLP to non-government organizations and private
sector groups that provide business development services, EXCEPT:
a. product and marketing development
b. diversified loan packages for further financial assistance
c. engages communities together with their local governments
d. skills enhancement and business management in preparation for market integration

7. Which of the following seek to use basic social science knowledge, particularly from
sociology, economics and political science, and to a lesser extent psychology, social
psychology and anthropology to make an impact on the daily life of communities,
organizations and persons?
a. Applied Social Sciences c. Physical Sciences
b. Social Sciences d. Psychology

8. Which of the following is the effect of Sustainable Livelihood Program?

a. increase in access to healthcare and education has improved
b. decrease in the drop-out rate of children from formal education
c. beneficiaries were more determined to attend classes and attend barangay assemblies
d. beneficiaries were able to look for other sources of income than to just wait for their wages

9. Which of the following is the effect of 4P’s?

a. improved basic service delivery
b. members became more vigilant of their daily expenses
c. retention rate of elementary schools dramatically decreased
d. better understands themselves and others, set personal goals, and work toward desired
change

10. Which of the following is the effect of counseling?

a. reduces gender inequalities
b. makes decision affected by political processes
c. reduces gender inequalities in terms of job opportunities and development
d. speaks openly about their feelings and talking directly to one another about their personal
problems

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Test 1
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

Performance Tasks
Answers may vary.

Written Tasks
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. D

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Textbook:
Sampa, E. M. (2017). Discipline and ideas in the applied social sciences. Manila, Philippines:
Rex Book Store.

Online Resources:
https://ebrary.net/2176/sociology/social_work_philippines_today
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/programs/conditional-cash-transfer/
https://socialprotection.org/discover/blog/healthcare-and-education-impacts-pantawid-
pamilyang-pilipino-programme
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2101.pdf
https://ncddp.dswd.gov.ph/Media/uploads/World_Bank_Philippines_Kalahi_CIDSS_Synthesi
s_Report.pdf
https://www.enderuncolleges.com/k-12
gsdrc.org/topic-guides

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