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Experiment 5 - Linear Expansion of Metals

1. This experiment measures the coefficient of linear expansion of metals by heating metal rods and measuring the change in length. Initial and final temperatures are recorded along with the change in length. 2. When metals are heated, their molecules vibrate more energetically causing the average distance between molecules to increase, expanding the dimensions of the material. The increase in length per degree temperature rise is the coefficient of linear expansion. 3. Students will calculate the coefficient of linear expansion for each metal using the measured change in length and temperature change, and compare to known theoretical values to assess experimental accuracy.

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355 views19 pages

Experiment 5 - Linear Expansion of Metals

1. This experiment measures the coefficient of linear expansion of metals by heating metal rods and measuring the change in length. Initial and final temperatures are recorded along with the change in length. 2. When metals are heated, their molecules vibrate more energetically causing the average distance between molecules to increase, expanding the dimensions of the material. The increase in length per degree temperature rise is the coefficient of linear expansion. 3. Students will calculate the coefficient of linear expansion for each metal using the measured change in length and temperature change, and compare to known theoretical values to assess experimental accuracy.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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PHYSICS FOR ALLIED HEALTH

PROFESSIONALS
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF
METALS
THE LASALLIAN PRAYER

I will continue, O my God, to do all


my actions for the love of you.

St. John Baptist de La Salle, pray for


us.

Live Jesus in our hearts, Forever.

7/2/2022 3
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
OBJECTIVES:

1. Measure the coefficient of linear expansion of some metals.


EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
THEORY:
• Objects undergo changes in dimension when they are heated. This change in
length or area or volume is called thermal expansion.
• At a given temperature, inter-molecular distances are definite. When a body is
heated its molecules vibrate more energetically against the action of inter-
molecular forces and the displacement of molecules is increased. Since the
average distance between the molecules increases, the dimension of the
body increases. Consequently, body expands.
• Expansion in length of solid bodies on heating is called linear expansion.
The increase in length per unit original length per Kelvin rise in temperature is
known as coefficient of linear expansion.
Linear Thermal Expansion
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION OF A SOLID

The length of an object changes when its temperature changes:

Length is �� when the temperature is ��

Length becomes �� + �� when the temperature


increases to �� + ��
Linear Thermal Expansion

�� ∝ �� �� ∝ �� ��
we use the proportionality constant �

�� = ��� ��

�� ∝ �� coefficient of linear expansion

� ∘ −�
Common Unit for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion: = �
�∘
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
OBJECTIVES:

1. Measure the coefficient of linear expansion of some metals.


EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:

Before Heating

Measure initial
temperature
T0
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:

Before Heating

Measure initial
temperature
T0
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:
During Heating
Measure
elongation
ΔL

Measure final
temperature
Tf
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:
During Heating
Measure
elongation
ΔL

Measure final
temperature
Tf
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
PROCEDURE:

∆L = Lf - Lo ∆T = Tf - To

∆� Theoretical values can be


�= found on last page of Lab
�� ∆� Manual (Appendix B)
EXPERIMENT 5. LINEAR EXPANSION OF METALS
QUESTIONS:

1. How will you assess the accuracy of the experiment?


2. What causes the expansion of metals when heated?

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