Ws

T/n-r<. -:G.ry ing /-i"lJ,

ancJ Mo.xwe/l's Equa,'/ions
D

J'V

-I#'o'r

t:

l-t

--{*(vxi)'a;
5

: -,f # dz
p.6-2

/j =d- 3 cc,s(unro"t - iny),

/o- ( rl.

f a.u'l : re[o'tc<r3<os (sricz+-lrgtt:(4o./dy)

us
.T
a<tf
?
: - vr
( 5rr /a't -o. /n) _s in grro?t lxni'(wt).
Lrt"

ar :
-

/2 6-3

Lts ig

ftJF
t^
1/

fi:

./F:a. sft:or(;rto"t-o.trr)-cotrnrdf,
u).

.^r-r.
0./glcos(srto?t-o./r)-c-os g2,rc71

-- 0.6L3 si n( rntolt -a.orT) CA)

= 73 = in f 9-rrtort (nA).
1" )

photor

E,:a+#;.4

with

a s/ne r"f,"ten<e,

f "'!,
-7Zrr=f E,,tl- fioz,A
Zr Jd
: 4#1"(t +yS.
' Vr=-jt$,
J1

cl t
vL: - #'-PAoto's

lL-:
--a

= Yi,

,1+ju>L

: - J-@E"ih-r,
Zq (p+)'ul) . 0*i)

F.e-+

b, -

= &L-.

- 4r-z?t.

TrJuced

e m J ' i , t / a , o 1 ': - f ( i l t x E , ) ' J L - r .

----7 U -- !';'#'-'(*

- #*)'
in a- c/o"k,'vise.

-L

--_:_

*l/L,

Ht;!^Ittot7

R-

2nd(4+-,r)

J,'r.c-*'on

a.) LF L:O:
.t

(. =

,,,

(ux!).

gaoo.t)

:*(rcn^o,o4)xo./sin,Jt
= 0.251 sin /oo?tt
)

b)

O,.
',x/o ( w't).

j{

L:o.oo3E

(H):

tttL = lOO"txO.oo3g:

/{u:qT:

, dl tD.

(A)i.{ (t),

tt207/'6e.!:'

(/oT x ao4)fo!
.
= in (qtt _ 6 9. {")
t, : *---7J67-

rc"tf

: o, to+ -sin(toov;

P e-e

- 49.6")

6).

--9 c.,scatx QL (o.?-z-)

E : Ec+l' Sttl
: -Cas ta{
[o. 7 - o. t t(/ - e-us,^rt)J
--O.39

(,ut).
c o s c , : t ( 1 + c - o su t )
.
/ dA : - I
o' zsoo( ' sr n r it + sir t2ut)
t - t
z *
- - /.7t d (sin At + st'n Tast)
: - /-?q u

Sin at (t + 2 asdt)

t-)

3?
I

(*ft\.

P e-z

COndretion

Current 4en-s,4y: rE

den-si *y : uD -J utgf,-E
S'
=
e
T
u
a
/
2zr or f ,
f or
tn agni/u4e : f

-D i sp{--ce^m.r# c., rrenf

or
\

a.)

:/sx/o7

(/Q.

M o i s f . s c ,|i :

f : /s x /o? (j9:Ztx/06(Ho),
or Z z (Mllz).

I 7\'

|I 0 i s p l a c e m e r t
I

o/r\
_ ^ = = /9 x to' (
2r/ 5(o,,)
+)

S.owa1er:

P <-g
a.)

:^

/ (al)

u = (zT"loottoetr=bxt61
r
.f-7o x lo7

<urrert
czrrent

Coaduc-*ion

(+):/oE(,1):

: q.7s x'/o-3.

b) .f ,,

s o Ltrce- { rze C o n d c t c f o r :
Vx R - rrF
4

a.

V'xE :_i-f n
,-

VxlD: Vx Vx lq : V (3, F)-V'U:;

/i

8 uf

V . F:

/i.
\U

rVrE.

Ef .@ becornes

o ,

V'F + rVxF:o.
Co*Aining @ a.n.l @:
V"g - ]@f rF: o.
P46-1
*
n

g.n=8,.*rr

ti,:d;o+dr4o+drzo.

(F,-F,)=i
dn,.^

rr - /O.

lr,"-lni:;^"'"

z, ^ ( 4;o + dr44 - Fr):4rS .

HaE- 30,

a) Fr= d,3 o
3
c)

4t- t,.i'

Hrr- 4 5.

Jtol-9'

+ a,/o (A[^)-- 69.:o.

38

a)

b) 1- 2f aF2 ft).

"at= L;,

-.!FF---

P 6- to

Mediro | : Fr"" tpa.. ,

H, husl le zero so ,n"l
/{e-liurn ^ , ,/r*&.
,F;.,.,j,,,11n

if,-E

d-rF,-j-,, Bn: B,n.

f z::"1,::i ,

E,o: Er, ,

)
'/It
q*l2/

',

P . 6 - /3

c- os( zr r /oqt - kt)

E (" ,t):Jo

Eo -- so (v/m),
f : /o7(ll),

dnr. ( E- Dr): f" .

T :+

^:f,:+#:o.z(,I),

1v/^) io q.ir .

:to'"Cr),

tr':+: ?o

a)

Z: /oo.lzg^

A(
Tf

b)

Af

i -sa , p/ot

kr:2oc.25rr,
ns 4r
kz:

tF ECt) :5o

tn

c4s 2r r /o7 ( t- r /s)

(v /n)

2 = -/od./z-gx, i{ is o. rt/ofoF
EG) :_r o

c)

whi.h is sqrne
o-257, or Tr/4.

cos 777r c7(

* + r /il

( v /,,) ,

At t- r/4,
we plof ve-7ss, z ti"fo(b',,r;og
sincts oi 1 o-l4u nc-*ion :

E (2, {):

P.6-r+

to cos G *t*qq =50 cot[- a6 -]lJ

: So
(v/.).
"ot ff(z-o.ozs)

U-te pbasors

qn4 cosine- r="fere.ncz.

.-: %Eoui*,
E : E, * 1:at

E, :4ro^oSritr'rz; Er-dro,o+d.i:A
[o.c,3;i"/o+ o.a+;iv/21

: dn t- j o.03+o.a+( -i9)J-d*0.o(,r;i7''""
!

-+>

Eoto.068

(V/r>,

37

,/r:-72.{".

n,-F

6';

a'ncl

L/se pna-sors

>

H=o*llr,

,,

Ca s ine

r:.'F<'re-ncL'

1;a+J* 6+ei1

f){,
i ) -:- ? t-6
, u b-4 vin/i

--'> Ho: /o-4G1 * 2 d* )

-- /cs-*
a+ j (z s in q - /,
i*.o'
1

- O --+ c<:3O]
or n'/e (rc'J')
-srrr c( - I
(A/-)'
: ZX 1g'4c-os-3oo : /.73 'lfa

See 5e cf ion /o- L, PF'+zs-atf , f7t

,D.6-tz

h-4

a-nC Cro-Z)
P 4-/s

o)

z?(GorJg2 = 0.4v (r*d/-),

x rcsT

tu)
/a:T:

ae aa
,lar
/ =..; - -Ll z -aH = :F)E v ^> */,1 u: '! az
lE, 0 0

L/ ,l

: 4h()L!* rto"

:hd*#

:;;*+.ikz

.) v
-,/

I
: a r . ft tl 6 1

ug

lr-- b

: drffi*r-

G/,n
(A l^)

r=

r=&ll

-l
tl
val

- q#v";ioarz

- t A -2

npt
I'

Er
"
/2-O-lTb"-Jo'4r'z

(n/-1

:+.i1

7r---

,1,t

wHn

'In
(rc,c.)

- 29v'e.^a/t^).

k- +: #g

P.6-rg

t7x tr

E-

for-

th*o,

f, o- Er.Q-rr)

ll

n-

^il,s

tit

s in e.e/'

art

sin0
a

*).

:4#.sino
ln

;)/z

lns*ao4oneou's .{or,n ,

<n, 6; D : * #*R--s i n s.,u'(zrr/o?t- zo n p'/) &/'t.

1-1
P.6-zo

In

pL'r*or

{or-,

E:dr
u---:!-orr
r/o
'A/,,)

.?
at-

f_:

l-).

''t/
l
,F/m/.

sin(yonx) + doo.{({oir).osftow)JJ[

fuLa'io'tf

L-ftoVx
'A

o-/ .sin (lorr4 t)f z.

: dl

#rltto,l'*pl

s;. (totrx);;f "

(tozr)'+

l:
,.
a
FA
q/
e\r?.lt @
:
qt(n3
+Tu

-'V6'o:

lt.ln\z-2,L-t,,2.t2

-...+

f'

f
F,om @: /tC+z;t) :fu_( i*;'ut)

:m

4oo T:

?r:54-4 (*dfi).

- - 4 2. 30 x lda -si nl1st) c"s ((n tt'et-s+.+)

4 /-t tx tia cos (roz*)s;n(rrro\-s+.tz) 616

4l

H ( *,2 ;1) = df 2 <os (tst:4 s in (t' rcet - f ")

Phasor v<ritfi sine reFerence-:

P E-zr

x) ,'f:
H : oy 2 cos (/S..T

F= +

t_

v'xH

7a'-o
tf

({1/^)

,La* jf cos(rsnx)dr4-7,/sirsin<rsrr)ii1.@

n:-fu?xt
:Ll=

Q7tnl"/t

L*-*)i

-,

: 6/
.Tnlt,rnS' . Flcos(rsnx)' ia'/t'
Cc,m,a"-ring g and

@, we

reTuire

(/51-)'* F": uy'o*o:W

( 7, lot)'

---r+

: /3. z7r - 4t. 6 (r+d/n).

@, w. hono

Frun

Ec+z;il - L(E J'r)

-

d*411

cos (trtz)sin(6tto?t-

4L 6z)

+ d"Slg s in (/Etx)cos (tr/o't-+t.<

4z

rS

<vh).

----i''F--

W
P/ore

rn

P.7-/

,1."

a)

E /ecfronaenetic

q. soLtrce-.{.ee,

Jn

Woves

con4ctcfina

me-Ji",r,t

consrilq4ive

p6rari1e4ers <, y'J, a.ncl tr,

87,(z- 6z)'

-' T * 2D
iv -y- 'E
t
dt

: trE + e t'9-

.:L

EVs.(s-/eQ
V, FrE:
'&(7-6():
@

/.

wi+h

FV.E -F'E

2
: -/ fr(v^I)'

Jq b sfi l u fi n g
obfqin

@ in @ and no+ing lhaf

we
V. E:O:
fhe- wa.ve. e..Tualiooin 4,rripafive rn<d/cs-:

v L= -t(6 7> ,
=2

:-F

re jf": o.

Si^e ; /o-r(y {or i-l .

b) F", lioo-ho*nonic

{i./4s ' *

*0'u,)

"nd }i*(af),

Wo,ve. e-7uah'a,-r @ con verts lo /{e/nrho/t-'s

V"E -7@/rE

7-z

+ k'E:O,

eluai,bn:

wAere k -uF.

Af:+:o.3xrdicr.

v/^).

R:+.:#'^3*tf
= 4s x loz (m),
or 4t (k-).
j, R si n : 45 x /O3 sin 19-9": /2- x /O3( ^) , or /?( k ) ,

of : zf (#)ros/s.s..
'-: tftry
= +f o-s(n/'), or aLvut1.?Mneh.

4s
L

2 Z-S Atrr,ft>e-

( h " . r F c B \ l - t o s + 1 , e , - - F r . , ,- * ,
./ ,7
1 1( n \ : 'Ut o e - ) k C t " ' k

Th",., Fro.n Ef- (G-gcb)

Eril= Jqte

v x t-t(.e)

={

(-j \) e, x /1(.e.)

jd

: -

E (il:

or
p 7-4
z\

(u$t< ) aox 4-145,

7d*x ll cn)

l -1= d , 4 x /d6 < os( r or r t- 1y"{ )

)'o: u$\
l:

- +:

t,a/^) .

o . t o s( r a d / a ) .

1 lt / kr: 6e (n1.
t = 3 x /;3 (s), we re?e;rc fh* r3u,nerrf
/o"n(txto-?)-*V
+
= !nlT.
{
!,

At

-.*

b)

t,

pA.uors

Use

wi*

c.osine.

rr$ez-ence-..

d , 4x tdL
"iGy' ov+t/+- )
-itrt< re sc,lf of problen, p. .Z^z
,
E : -lo d, x Az 4 x /66 TGkoY+'r/+)

( A/*,\,

- do
o. /o.9y r 7T/4)
4 x tO6 lo e?'/-

: _ d* /. s t x /o-? c-o.rtsyftr/+)
Th.

h:e,t,2,...

J= x3on-7.s [+n):Zz,S+nry2 0.,).

F:
f ,o-

af cosine-i,t F ,

(V/il.

ins,a.ntar?eouserryercian {o, E ir,

E fy,t2= -d* /. qt cos(ro?vt - o.{osy+ o/+)

++

(*u/*).

Dn-

r. /-

U>e

1)hot-sors

dr2

E rt):
a)

-- t/n

(ral,/^) *

r\
;ll

/
I -6

n:lZ_lz0rr_,zo7r
( \//
.rc:

Lei

/O"/2?r:/.59x/o'(k'),

: 2JT n (m).

/\\JL)
6\ '

v-E

i rz ea'z/Ea,; di=/rj),

^
.in( tcgt - z/.n + dr Lcos( io6t- z/n) l

a1 :

0)t -kz.

r-

doErosirta.

E_

t-

tetqtl:
1t)-

Q/n)-

"-

",:(1e)':3,

1 1 tz,t): & 1 4*,

11

a ztq

L e-l-t -- h o n.! e I |;r:+i'-2. I ly po/a ri z-ed.

F --+ drxE : fur

R
r
r

f :

* dy,'

A:zn/p

u:ft=t-

re$erence

Cosine

"-iz/G

------>

(raJ/s)

et:/os

Al;rh

b,7

E;

).

( A /r ,,5

* drErosin(<+V)

6o En n zrE,

tr

-i

sino<, ?
-20

Sr n

S> r/ t'rl { c a s t / + c o s 4 s i n {
bx
:.
-:=
- t clo

,).
(Eu

Et

t--

\ Ero

k +^{)

Erc

,\ \2

c a s ' {r t , I

,/

i-

c o st " @ ; ' s i n

zh

I Eb/

/ r rzl

Ir
t-_(f\ -t4/ l l-s;o."9.
I
I

Reorre.ng/ng:

(-lz--\'

).

\Fro
et-'"r)

*/'

which

sr'n!f

/r\:.- \

+' I

l-2

sinY)
\ E,

ls *h<- e-Tctdion d

4S

an

E . E , c o s { r -- 1

Tq

si;lr

I,

.llipre'r'r', E,-Erplaoe.

ez:z G i,,en:
ur r')/

f*

E q/. ( Z - l ' z ) . '

;-

3 x /o, (t{)

l4n

5.:

u-n=:

o) T.(r-+q)'

t,

e) /G" \ /T
7(7 )7 : j '48 (u7i^)

t'l?':

r:2.

=o'oE.

ane" lV

x = ;- ln L:

o.LZ1 (n)

+;S):)3s1/-+3,
' d
T_:
t e - iJ
z o (t
r l -4,
7-<' ,
t'

'

(e)

(z-4il: p =,fi\, , *(f)',: ,,.riiiff;r''

E7.
''\:

: a' o 63 (tnl'

+
a

: l. t?Tx/c7(ds",.
:
ug:
:,.
E= Ll ?(?)' | s?Yxtc'in7';
T
E :dyrir,'l R:
:2"o.21o*i(*-o.oosir)
+d._.rt
iW
'F=

.\ ,4t x:o,

H r+r, =dz a. z lc {t'(*t

,*,,,tj

e,'n-(4t lari -z r.4 Tx+ o,ezr d\

(A,/,n\-

2,2^ s

13+A, .oppe.r
/ rlr-.
, -

anJ

(fr)->>/ , "1:@
9 f:l

at.sood
,

/.*,

conJu.{ot,

'

, t: * , ?.: (/+) #.

(MH=).
a-)
Co pf er

2,6t (ttj)xtd

Kro-s s

L) | .< <48h)
/.9/ xrc4 / . = f x / o s

Ttf r+j2xt64 o . / / x t o l

S ft.',)
6.6, / t, /{;

o.4 7 x roe / 2 . 6 x t c

'

b) f =/(+H).
'/ c-

* (Np/-,) & (48/^)

Coppe+ g.zsft+t)rlE l.zqxtd

prn"s
1.ft Q4)xtol 2 . T ( x t d

46

5 (-)

4. !6 x ro6 2 . a q x l i
2 - ( K x 1 6 e 3- qq v rd'
d6

n: ,fur:o.e? xloe(s/,-)'.

P 7-q a) 5: ffiT
6) A+ : /o? (Hr) ,
f

a-,|@n

2o Logroe'n": -3o (4il.-->

: l.?{ xto4 (u7/^).

2=

= 1.75xro-a(n)--a.trs
(n^).

#*

P.t -/o A^,- le (/r\o: to-' (W/cn').

a) lEl:'/aoza^- 2.'/s(v/r^):275 (vt*),
It+l- le l/i;- 7.2sx to-'(4/cm): 0.zzc(ar/,;.
L) F^,: lEf/z'lo: /3oo (W/m')'
l r ( l - 2 . 6 3( A / , - ) .
lE[: g?o (v/rn) ,

)L)

,)

P l- f t /

Y/. /.
Itn/s ).

rtrr*"
E (r,t):

cir cu/a.r/y po/ar;zol

d* Eo Lot (cot-kz++)

p/one wa.ve-:
-tdyEosin (atr'/<zt#),

s;n(c,r(.'Lz+4)c o s( u t - L z * q ) - ' - +
#
'(t'st'/"2*4)*s;n'fu+-/.*+]
Poyrrh'ry vect'or,6:E t U :4#
[."t
: Ur+
> q c'ansfanl inJeped.ery{of t anJ z.
H( z,t): =,

-n.oos r)

zrrr\
Q4,/'n\.

P.7-tz

E-drE"*7+Eo,

n: +v*xe : trcr E"- d"Eo)

-u*)

du- ta-( r,^

:ao*( Vol'*leJ')

, 1afiere,? rc |he- /ioe

P.7',3 Fro- Gaurr's /o,,rt, E-a,v*T
charge densiy' on the- )nne.7 c-op4uc+or.

vo: -1*, . dF: *

L,(+),* E:a,#r,

Eo^ AnpbreC circ<,ta./ /aul,

ft- 4#

Poynfirg ve.cfor,
F:E, F:ar7fu
fo,ru"r

lroo-tniff

e4 ov'.r

qross -.secliona-l a'rea-:

P -[F.di - #[*I'G)
3
47

rdr d(:Vz.

PJ- /3

E, c94 = dy -io sin (/o*+ -f fi

I

Lts t pho-soy^t

wi.l-*l

Q-- =('ne-

fe-F<r.en.o-

:
fi u'|Te,- g h4 - t (r*J/-1.
Y/.: @,:
(1

,Jrr-

. : d,

&, 3-tr) : H, (z) =

aL//

* rc

d,,

, {<r,:)

"2"/z

g,-*
+GelxE,

^v//
\

fn :t, f

.tF

U:

/9

(tott + x/s) (u/-)

:+ e

72.

/nC
\
\t tr;o ) q/

Ar:

-dy{s;^

H,rryt;=-|r*t,;s;n(roTty')
(A/^).

T-t+f

- 1{ * [ _7
:

lo

/
3

'1 t'b

Fr:

LT^:24ot 6L)

ix/:' =ar.
Zr-rr;i:r,
t"r-o .--

__

^
J:

,.: ( (rd[n)
;
/a?"r (L)
T,: 7o:

f o stf -s = yneJrL>t L:

/\,
b)

4'c'S: dl so {)f,v
l)t
A - Q - : -,ful o s
(me-J,"u. ,)
/-t c,

F.r- air
F-.

(v/-)

td*xE*

- --/
S'i.Y

*'

( ls ;. tost ax/z) (v/^).

---', il.rc-,+):dn
(,,ott
- 4xb) C4^).
tlV s ;n
j Er(1t)-

: Zoq >>l

a) Ski,

a,

(GooJ.onJ,t*4,,r).

- o.o ,3(m)* 6- )."*) clep+h S:

#F*
:
*
.
:
7. O*j) + = z.?6 (t+ j): S.(o&-/ilclt).
b) fr.cr,t) =d, o.3
--/5.7s2,) (n/^).
"-ts''tt'".or(lo*t
E ril = - rl"d", Rro)-* f r =,t) - 4 /.6g i,r.r trco, (ort - tf. r sz, ) (vt^).
!
t'T'o't
:
*1
O n.
.'tt'7"cos{ :6, o. t'g
f*- (E* R')
(w/^r"-t,-7"
4g

P.7- t6

a-)r:+

-;0

-,

l,-

, .,o
H .

rn)

b)

Era
E;o

+:
"

H+o
-4

"Jh)
)

e iu.n E;: Eo(d* - j ar) e-iq.o

a) Assume ref lecled qtrl - (4Er** a, E.rS .)f."

P.7- tl

ix/z

Borndory
-->

,{;r;

con.!i+;on a.f 2=0 :

ia)

E o G a t + y d .)

ErG):

E (o) + lrlgS : g
df"' a, /ef t - h and circq{ar I
df
polariz<d

Lt/ave

in -z 4be<lion

-a"xlH;to>+ u,cil): 4, (Fr=o;" !#J::,:)

b) dn,, ( F, - ilr) - { .-

u-* dy), H,to1:

E, - t(id.*,dr)
ftca">'E.o)
ftca">'
t U

- # ,iu, +dy),
R,{o)- R,to1* H,{o1

Js: - dr,F,,q-+'lu*-1ur\.

)
I

c)

(vf^).

Ca/*,).

+ Erur)"t-'
E,tr,t):6QnlE;tz)
: dr- Eolta.- ar1 )/"* (- a, + a;
#
i
i
"if'f
:Q-

ol-z2t"r-idy) t;,.,f
")eie

- 2 Eo s in z (d- s;a utt - d.,co" ot

).
f

P.z- tg
G.

(vr^)

'w/,*)

Fo.

,'n.idence-:

norrna./

1+ f

- t

wh-r.

l f l st.

f <0,an4,1,I_+ l"l =lfl,

--"--""'?,- 3\" lf l: *
5 :

'lr:2'lt'

:?.s+ (48).
-1.'--'-r'Sar:2o(osro3

#-

41

P,i-

/1

:dx./cij{"

[,ti
-

+
t

e-

r1.(z): 4/jT

:
o -i r :
il,

(,t/,n).
'i6z

/O

I =' + '

6/-)
r - <: ) 6c. - /- { x/c?Ga} /s)

Ton f, =

{ ' } - ,= 2 . 2 5 t

{ossy m-Jiu,.'r,

E7rt-42): o,: #)T:

-d^7 ' ( t - r s ) :

T- -n.
__.!-:__i,_L :

+(!)+:

.
".,

/.ss &pt^)

lf
I = a .,tf..l'f r f' ',,u,*' 1
; ft V ) : : 7 - i o
t=

(,*i *) : #

Eo. (z^+q),2,:E
I'

.t

A '- \ C g
w

(ra.A /r-,).

(," i!):zs+i"in)

i t c q,.- q 'c
e,'-

nr*it
?*: O.goE.il't'
4 + f-: O.-{Og.rrD.O
(62
+
te7'1's
,::) E,ir) - A*- z,og e'
(v/^).
:

J.e t =

E- t") : j,
? a"x dr )z.n8 ui,lt' *r gt.?o)
t,r-d ;x
=- dyo.oosS si(e7+teJ'r') (a/i,

Er[r)= a* (, Er) e''""if'" *d*&os {^tt".'i(?'toz-s'r')

'/'t t z
/")
ftrfO: ay #
"-a'(7'toz'5'
:
-\:

-/. ts z

{-trl

(6 \:
\u

qY o,o3z e
/
| + lf I

avtt

(q
)=
varl:
\

ig* (E; ^

l+o.tcg
| -o.zog

(A/^)

- t' >t.

-ui+
E-,rF:)

7n(Err4)=d,
4o Q,l L7

ct.taz r 3.+o)
.- i

-2.rOz
e

SO

i2'?o"cags.so
(w/n).

1v/^).

F_

P z'zo

rz\
E,{.,2) = dylg stGx+

Gin.n

--*
4 k.:6, k"=e

(v/^)

- to (ra//,-)

k: p:,[Q*T,

ztr/tO= o,6zg (-), f - e./s-*tgstot(11'); b: Lc:3xto1(rad/s).

Fr{r,r;t)=ay/o cas(s*/ott-6'-92) (vt4
-t-: ttr/k-

f"4,,

* 4os,')
l4:.: k : d*o.6
,,,

r,

Qo.r)*al lo "-)(-rt"':(+m,4*;r-i(6.'*sz)
- 1z- {z) (A/n)'
'o'(3x1o?7
4#)

krr,0,1*
F;G,";t)- C 4r'r:

)
d
+ oi8'sil '-',rrt-

F,k,zy-

C o s9 ; = 4 - n i' 4 2 :

Or= o.t -F

(4)

-36-?"

0; -.or-'o.{

- E.{r.z) : -a> to d}'(62-sz)

d) E;(r,o7* E, (*, O-;'
d ' ,o ' 6- 6 ' " 0 ' s ' )
Frtr,--t: aroarrxE.{42)
".drr:

: - (+h*a,h)

6iG'-rz)

<) E,G,z): E,(.ril't,rr,o>--'ay to ( a-it'- e28z);;6t

= --? izo d)"* s;n tz ( v /^) .
H,(z,z)= lll,z)+ Hr(x,r1= -(a'fu

) p/,,1.

P Z'zt

/o,o o{ reFlec4ion i

SnellL

h"

Sn"-$L

+I re.$ra-c$ion:
0r: /9.4t]

cos9z + orfr

l-, _

T*cos,.-l,eoset

A/il.

r: o; =3ol

sin gr: ,[2*t,n er:

c a s g * =O . 9 4 3 .

T,:'Jo- 372(rr7, T,:e

a\

s;nt)i6'

#:25/

(rl,l'

:_0,24!

l"cosha?.tcose,

aL:

1 + lt -

1-o.211 : 0.791,

b) F,on Ef C7-l+D' QC*,,):4rTio "-il^(x'sine'+zcaser)'

*
,6r,
Fr(xrz$)* dr/s-z cos(zttft -t'osx-z'7ez) (Vl-)
f,= 1fta4/n)

rc. ./,
(./'ot2(+2'e1?)
: #(
s ,+dosi, er) 2
drco
r,
t
z),
/+
y.
0^
\
F, o
",
- logz'2.?&l
-+
Rrk,z;t) : o-odG dro.g+l +aro-zzz)cos{znro?t

@/-;'

5'l

P l- zz

Fro n, proL f ,,n P.7- i { ;

r:6i-3o",
Qt - /7.+z:
?1 :377

c)

(JL),

Frorn f q. (z- / rs)' t r, :

t{
7

T-:

zrl 6:.).

- 17'c'as0;
-a" cas 9t
)lncvs , + 1, ios ?1

7t/x0.743 - 322x4866
: _ 0./Sg.
79t t d-?43.+3"? xo-E6d

'/l

f rom 7. O- /5a) :
- ( t' + r.\ ?.'.e+ : o.772'
T,
-[
"ll./
zo.s .
\
,,t)

X; tnz)

: ZZ o,oEl
es

f ,:

t;
I

s'raoi+ r'ect6')
"4'G

lcf
- - ; ln'x
rot:T

2:r/

("aJ i,n) .

r--

( ro" l,-).

frr-ql7'i;o-Vnrfr:T

(a/*,).

i , L / r t , z ) = d'/" o - o s 3 u 2 ( ' 7 4 + r z ' / i )

:
i r, -, +, e -,'9o ), f,r--cx,z ) / 9.i s (a1. rc{' lo. r7[r'
-E
l Or n :

r f otr)

E,

T- 0o
, *-Ettg;ao : O . ? Z t x l i . f z

'ot. (z-/r+)

\ f tz;*):

(' at " trz/'d6

v/a.l.

-- /5.+2

I Vl F.1,/ .

ond (z-ts-r),

Eruri - /f, 1z ({ra.7+l -,4anl)

7rut,

tu

{r-or' * x.t62)
"-i

wiy'h a. --esin'e re,kranEe,

fvr-).
/5. (z (d-o.7rt- +o-stt cosQzaf*-/-or7-z.7tz)
o 4 / cos(zt /o't - /. osr- z-?( t)

'

C{4

g2
E
!r

fE

L*__

lF--

P.z-z+

=""r:tf 7,/1,<4t;r:-i yo/,tt, ?r/?o=-i/,|r.

u)f ro^ Eq ft-i4.?):

87. (T-/4t):

Fru.

E! - cos et
(1F/n)cos0t'*
cos,

(.\b/.4o)(ot

f,

dep<-nds
Qre

(l p/1)<os o1 f cas 0t

t , Lut

ing

P z- zE

-l

'(n/r).

kr) * kri

"its.s"

")zt"

lhe phaseshif t o{ ll.- re}/ec-ted L^./ave.

of

\Na,vet

in

wa,ve. fh"re

fhe iociJ<.a*

tA/Ave.s in il'te. a.ir

lran-smi+/e^J

Conlinuily

ffi,*

on t'he polariz..alion

sfa.nrlin3

o))o7o

zu

87.0-ltfl;

lfrl:l4l:

7 . : ' r - 2 ( 7 ? / r b ) . c o s s-; - o . s

b)From
Er.(v-/sg:
r,,:
F.o,n

c o sg t = J V / 2 , c o : e r = / / 2 .

s i n 'r - P s i n eL, - - j / 2 ,
t[o

from f7.(y-/iD'

'o

t' : 60o

on4

fvlz

anJ

expone-n{ia/ly

+he- ionosphere.

: t: : r^i7o, -jat7ofr.

con4ffions

a*

z=O

o'ecoy-

h.

o//

@
z aa4y

feTuito:

krr: krr: atffi sinQ;: fr-z.o?rrc1 @

Lrr: frr-ja,
O
Comb;ning @, @ a.nd@, wo caa solve {gt dzzand Fzzin ferms
o{ a, /o,2, %, ard
.8u1, sincc
fn.

fi .. 0tVo1 ,
wo hone dz=422=

) rvn).

a) o,- to,-'
f

Fr,

= b^n

-r/tr;a"q - o.3?74(;t).

ffixfi1

s3
L

it;.:r;.r-'

(rad)

b) fr

_Z1rcot;
ll=
'lrcotl 1
.L
Tocose;
2 x o . o q q t ( l si )
o-oj93 (tr) t Ztz cos88o
z o.olst (l+2) - o.c2H ein/!

c) t o l o g n ? - 4 t z : - 3 o . -

, D . 7- 2 6

a)

nis-o.oes3or11.
fr r,
(os r- bs o.o3a Z | .

'

l-q

(n).

W:8'6?
Snelli

/arv '

Sine. :
Sin g1

_I,
n

t = si"," (*

b)

,) j ,-

Cos)ralm

l,-IE:E.taae-,dffi= ##
6D : E

sin (9; - e) #T

=dsine,ft-

P,7-zr
a /)

s;" e).

V,

4 rt,z)

sine; ) I {c, Q.}.,

coto,=-jrlTffi\;4

Fron 7s. (z-t4t)

t,

ffi]

|in er -Je

S i n oE : / 8 . 4

(sin -a,.cas 8r- catO; sia gr)

qnd C.l-/+z):

= dy tr o.' *t" 4' if"t ,

s

F, t,,21= (o, i n, * 4{7,s;n e,)i"'" eiluI

f Iy

whsTs

f-,- frsin tr - AIE sine. ,

"r: f, / (+) stn'q.-t,

t. :
to

Z t, cosa.. E io

ry,cose;-i7,

rl-@^,a

-t

{ro- 87.(r-r+st.

|/

D (a*;r,: t CI*( Eryrtl,) : o.

.r+
n
r
E

r
!

__,

7-

(r,j).

,2-?-28- Giv.,

0i=..---r--

cos0t-o.

4:T/2,

a) Fron Eq 7-t'+'s ): ( f.ro/E;), : 2 .

',5)
F r o n E g ( 7 - / s ' 9 ) : ( E r o ,E/ : ) r t : Z r 1 r h , .
,) F ,.(x,zi t) = dl E;ocos w ft ! ( r sin g,.+z Cosur ) f,
E * t ^ , r ; t ) : d y 2 E . o e - n ' . o su ( t - ! x s i r - r s )
= d y 2 f , o " - " = c o su ( t ! x si n r . ) ,

where

F.z-zg

a)

O.= Sin-,rm,,

b) e ; = z o c> e c .

d)

t;net=Gsine,

G,cose,.

The

=6.39,.

:J.gg

c o sg * : - 7 2 . 9 t .

cgs et

v/r,

ej--

= --!-/dt!ot

- sin-tm

.,8, cot g: o,
a _ ,:
- uitg' = zio.(6
:, "ot
coter'+

,I ', :

.\

-6,when o-o,,

":ry@;;rjt

= l.g?
,s?t'- /.ti cio.t,
"eJ e

Icotet

/ransmilloal

wave

in air

varics

lvhero

At/e,nuo*/on

in qi"

as
"'<^z

a')fux

*(z.eD.

{or each r,<tava/angil1

= 2o logroe'arLo | s g (d 8).

P.7-to

Wh",

|heincidar#

* e n L t s c| u r { a c a ,
(fo)r,

(o"-);

'*u'

4o
' :
'lz T.t

l;ghf {i,sf
0i - Ot=O,

s*riles
=
1
#,

lAc

Aypo-

. 4,rorl, ,

(,lr' 7r)'

Total ref/eclions occur inside

both slanling surfaces bccause
0; - 4t"

) o.=

ss

sio-' (*)

fhc prism
--10..

a*

On oxil

{ror.,
(Oo).
frt

\v

av4l

*hc7rism, Tr=
ffi,
- 3- n' : .4tX(72*?)'
?o z

(o*)2 -

16'1

(@*),.

P . 7 - 3t

a)

no sin o:

4 %'h 7' =lr 4,/7,

ht sin (96"- A") -

: n1,[i4.:
sin 0o-+tF4
-)l

b)

N. A.:

oq,

72-6'7e

tltcos Qc

',rQ7trj
=,m
:,f;ft
(no=t)

s i t - te n : v m

= 0.196/,
a _ : . fi n - t o . ? 8 6 1: g o . 4 o .

P.z-sz
a) For perpend;cu/qr po/arizc*;on and
/u,* Vr:
sin ert=

fr@

Llndcr

condition

o{ ns re{lection:

o,sq=/tE'

-u

'r'

= sinoa!.-

D rro, Varallal po/arization

sin gr, _

lt*(tS
9**e**tt/2.

and
|

, * , .

cot et = S i n9 r U _

s6

Or, en=n/2,

Y_
a

P . Z -S l

Fo r f wo
perrute-a-bi/t+y

ha-w e {ro*

u 6 Lts med ia wi+fi eTct a_/

a-nd
, an./ <, \.,y,e
f ermit+iwities
confg

Er, (z -/zo)

e<:. -sro- GJ",,

d.oJ

4 rom f,7, (Z - / E+): OB|F fon4Qe,

. ".

sin e-:

ton 0n,
<t/12

Qst

/1

?o "

o.5
I
ll

s
{o

E7

c4 7"

;"
49"
30"
2 o.7'
t c.+'

{5'
3 '.3"
il.
t7.5'

t
r
i

I
T

al

!
i'
t.

[.

'-l

I ranstrlt sst on L t nes

. 2 g :-t

( s- /7)

5 q b sl i {<tt,,'.g fft.

anJ ( c- r { )

' ' n E7' G- +9"

zn-4rer= T,/ <

d':'[T d :r

7 = d

Li

t40

-\

4t

Y,'
.t
A/

wr,l

l -V

2e

7 - 2"1l-tt-:
i-

w/i

'-d{:
,'

d
ul

lZ-

tf

w:E*

V'

A ,17

Ubo
i

:
,/,f'<

.---+

u?b -

up.
, \ A

l'{'Z

v^/' = 2 u/.

V 4

+t6

/,/L

"p/,iz

a
1D r P a r r q - .
.Ji. parf g .
{o- po* ..

=,'.6r lO' (S/n) ,

w = O.oZ (m) , s! *,2.5'lo-3(a).
4
-f
slab :
Lo*/
diohctri"
o, ,- j , 6'- 1ti' 6/n).
/

Qiven:

j ' s'xrc' (Hil.

a)

b)
c)

R- *re':

t.tt (tt/^).

L=f*

- o.ti7 (yu/n),

G=tt
C =

a o.oos (S/m),
t

: o.r,t

(aF/n).

ll-t

= tE - 4.t57rto'r.
lt
fr
ttL = 473.5 >>A,

L)C =0.667 >) C.

> = j',[G [,.*(#.:;t)]-o't2j'jtt-14

zo',/E [,.

i &-

(n't),

(g#)] = 27.27+2o.t3

5s

P.s-s

'ffi1-3oo (tL).
(n).

(g-+ 9.

6 ) Fo, coaxial {rancm&sian/ine:

z,- *,8 l, (H
he) =rs
1,r',.

*=

P 8-4

b: J.9t, /o't (^).

From E7.G-crs, 4 - 4[7: .

Fro,n Ey.@-zE)a.nd
from

n.t,

/<A/e.?-/;

(s-z/..
L-

o( =

*f

A.

r- E
Zn{'e

tt)
o).

P.e-s

7 G^ts)'

- J

/)

.*)

For coppzr q.t / (/tt1), A.:

p-

t b
L^ d

tr (obx 4t rd7

s. g, /o"

: 2.6 / x /o-4 (fL).

L . J x t o-' i 7 |
( \
(

z7r
# " ff)* ror-o.os (e).
: /. o6t r /o-t (t(p/*,)

?. z, x /d3

qABIil.

7.:l@.

no

Giv.n

Zo:50"io
t9r1 (z):
0 --+

Ca rjut)

UL)-1>-rely r...l,
- L (Oistor/,on/e,,l;n").
*:
*

Given'
ruBr^)
:
:('i'!!/r;,"'f
:.
:i.{
i
F'o'n
rr
f:!?; li;ril ^--# , p=@8,zo=,tg
R-= aZo- d.osl1 (nf,.),

L: +

: o.2.o
(f urt),

a=+*t-23 (f s/^),e:
+'Fo (pr/^)
sq

( P^,)": ( P,), -

Ps-s

lv.lt 2;

(Pr*2;)'+(xr+x;f

h n a x i m i z e( { . ) L , s e i
and

l-iV: .

t++

P 8-7

(, P
,o")r,

Max. powo.r-lran#cr

V(z) -

Vrt.'"

I121:

I|

=o.

u"f:'':

M o r . ( P ^ , )'L, = ! ' : l ' 4 Rl

+

z;
v;:4vg

! a-[u,zi ]

I o,=or,X,=-xj
)

o, z;=Zi.

c#i u'cncy = 50% .

+ ('e1, ,

;)'

+ Ii er'.

V(o)-V;- Vo** \/c , I(oS- Jr.=Il * I; =

ltu,,-US.
-->
Vo'- t (4 * J,Zo), V-,= * ( U;- l,Zo1.
V (z) = * U, riZ) oj>"+ ! tu, - z, z) 1",

ri t z=O;

a)

f-tr ' -''

i'L Gt=fio(v,,7,so1
.
+(v, r,zo1e'z
b)

V {27 - V, c rh 7z - J;Zo sinh }z ,

a 0 )- Z; coshr , P.8-g

a) -{-ez
t

sinh^r z.

, -.#=n,
| -+=- pGv,
dz-

| !#:a.EI

b) V ( z ) :

V o + e - < z* V o ' c " ' ,

7.G)-Ilott

a Iic-'

.( -,ffi.

4- +=Ro:E

)&

-7-

We-have

?r,n,

V(4 = t(ur* r;p);'z +f (u;-z,n)eal

z(z)-+H:rr;)o-"-! (#,-',){',

Vo

* Zr.

wherc

\' i -

2.'

a n c i t - .-.-h-

&vc

(i=-Xj

c) For

an in{;nito linc, 2,- Ro '

V.
r h ) : T;70e

V t z l- # r . q r r u ' ' " ,

d) Fo,

a finitu

lino

o{ lnnglh /

Q;:4#ffi

lv''uo)
l

"a

P s-q

Lis*orl,anlctt

t"^ ({t)
#

L: #
4:

a-)V{21#t

/inc,

{ermtn<fe4

4o=rff : So (l;-),

-12

rh4t'

2 - o.s (tL/n),

:tan (#) - o.oott.

= o.oots; =gooortxo.oolS=4e.2=
3
*-

: o.o/t(H/^), c= o.ola (Nf/n),

:
"-<z"-}pz #

:4.42(Vrtd.

p:u,/E:5.s5 (rad/m).

;o'atz 6is'rrz; .re)=#.

.'. V (z,t)= 5 .2 7 e lQ' atzsin ( gooor r t-9.952- o' 322) ( 0,

f (z,t)= o .l o s o' o' zsin ( goooTt - s.stz- 0.r zz) tl> .
b) A+ z : So (m): V(to,il= 3.ZoSin (Sooort- O.+lZr) (0,
I (ro,t): O.o6$sin(goootrt-O.L?zv)U\
- (s-^o, o.oe4): 0./o2 ( w).
c) (Po,)L=
/
;tulurtil

6l

-7-

Wc have

,,, V,

Vtzl = t(U.. z;R);"z tf (u;-z,n)eal

-;G'',)r''

J(z)- +(Y^:rz;)o-"

V.
* Zr.

Y - ffiu,

whorc
(i=-X9

e) For

fl

'9'

an inf;nito line , 2,- Ro ,

VtzS
+-uru''",
d) F",

and

a {;nitu lin.

r(z):ffi;':

o{ lnnglh ! {e.rmin<fcd thA"'

2;:Pr#ffi
:ur''uls
)
),
U

P 8-q

L isforl,anlc"t

t"" (&)
f?

line'

a-)v{27#z

- so (JL),

P - o. g (lL/n),

:tan (#) - o.eot{.

= o.Oots; = gooorrx
= 4e.2=
O.ootr
3
*.

L: #:o.ou
4:

Ao-E

(H/^), c-

= o.o/o (Nf/n),

:
"-<2"-}pz#

#:4.42

f:es,{E

(prld.

=5.s5(rad/m).

{4o/z 1i*srz; rQ)=#.

.'. V (z,t)= s.2 7 ' aoft sin ( Soaor r t-g- e5z- o,32:- ) ( 0,
f (z,t)= o.los o'o'zs i n (gooo?rt - 9. s52 - 0. 3zz) tl>.
b ) A + z: S o (m): V( r o,t) =3.2oSin ( Sooor t- Q43Zt) ( 0,
7 (fo, t): o.06l s in (trooorrt-0.+?zv) U).

c) (P.u)L=;tu| urtil- / (s-"o,o.oq>: 0.'toz( w).

6l
1

P .s - : o

a) ,cor a shorf-c-ircctited
lc

Ftr

ob*ain

line rJe.( Zc=0inE<;.G-?-<)

Zir: ZofanhU : \ffitf

-2>z

rr/2, d)./z << | .

,L: )-/4 , /:.L:

Z;r:".--;ffi=zoffi
= 4 2..,/ax .

b)

For .rn opon-<ircqireC

to obtain:

s e t Z r - - > a i n t7 G-i.*)

/ine,

Z ro:Zocoth7.,2.,=
Z, ffi-

ForA:A/+, z;o:
o/-e
r o -zrffi

z)":,jt-:t!
'a y (1-a;-fi
a

z Zoax/+.
D Q -t

!!t=+-4eoo,

fL:
f^^

/l

-lon 4goo = - /.732

,

- t!
- so
Z. = aza z+
- G-2'it.d'i.tc.(tttz)
t r r l z s t a n9"fr?
rg.{@

= ?6.3'iq.st
P 8 - / 2 G;ucn ,
a) 2 0 ' 6 Z o

Z a : Zo cofh >l - 2So /'s9-"

Z;, = Zo to.n 1! = 35g / 20'

Ut) ,
(lL) .

= 3 o o& , o = 2 s ? . 8- j t z . e & ) .
q

t^ A >2 = rlt

- 1.2/]5' = o.grs +i6tr =tanlrQJ'1/D.

,.1-=4(m)..-*

1: o.t39 (N1/n),
F = o.z ts (rad/m).
nr =
- ,'f@
fi )

b)

&).

,=[@{ e+iuc'
-.-+
2 +j a L =) 2,
Q -

we obto;n:

fc

G*j,oc -

= O.235r3 xfOo:

R G-

7Ito

a7o-f xlOt (radft,1.

sg.6(a),
L =o.tt2
0 . 2 4 6 ( m S f u t ) ,C * r 2 . 4

62

tp4/^),
(f
F/E).

f.

7-t
i
i
!

it7.G-7e)

7.G-tx)

P.s- ts

b)

a ) S i n ce ihe lin. is ver Y shor f compa' ed lo a'

(t'83)'
we.velrrglh
, ye AoZ use Eit'(s'fl) and

x 1s-t'
1s/^r, _.[, :74.
, : #,:9
s GL).
o 't c
- s x ro'',(H,/^)lj ^,
L-- 4y
: LC --+ ,: L C : 4.05.
/J
ffi
/o',8 - 0'42(rad/m); f L=?'f:: o'':?!iJr.
F : +p= 2rrx
- - 2g o (JL),
- 'h
X,o- -R.ocot
Pt'
- l9'2 (n)'
Xr,: QotanflJ uL/'

'z)
B

P.s-/4

fo,

i-p-dancc

/ooJ

Zt:
a-)

ll rr lI :

s-l

s+l

whore

R"*jXr'
ll Z*z-t -t l

,f(rr-qst*-/

1
4+ t |I
IttO

,fcr,-,r)'-xt

p, /zo

fL

onJ

tt:

X t/zo.

I
+kL

-J-

tI I

Wh"n -t
b)

S:3

-2

vL - +J (to rr- z r]-s)/s

o.nJ r":/9o/zr:2.
LL:

*''El'

Y t : P LZ o : + 7 1 . 8 ( g ) .

,:_s 4!

Fo,

a. loss I .t"

lr l"_ ||
,'\
'-./

.'

_. et
(4

Zo- Qo.

(a,-p).ixL.l' _ (cr- t)'* xl

(21+Q)*jX,
l - T .R
r ht ' f' f2ir,) " * X ; 2

ia
.,r i - r _t
: 0. +

,-;.r)'lr.

Ro _ jT: *t

c()pres1)ondt

Z, - 40 +A to (I>),,

Fo"

b)

Ji. "- ,

*-^ c- lni,.t'oruo,,

R.o- ,f4-"-3d

lt-I.

: .5o (llr.

:,tW
= +.
Min.irl
I ' V 4 ' P r V g o + 4 4 J=,1@
(vl;n.S

tr**

:2

r-=-

Lott lrtu lin. oF chc",ra eferry4i Fes;r1or-,<e_l?i

L'!:*
,
(e.-rg:th.L' on4 fe-rrxinxlrAg
in 2L , (f,-orn tq X-rq)

zi_R;
ffi,*#;,

t -'f,rn

frL'.

zt: P;$;-e!t
Ai-izit
(Jr)

Z; :5o

lr/av, s et

+n d

Zt-10+J/6CJ\_>,

to +j/o - po't##
-*

{h1i

L lo4

.So /..t in1

ane{

+ |oot

: So pJ,

-zooot=-(R')2t.

K o : 3 6 . 7 ( - f - ),
a/

t:tqnF.l':A7zSI

.I-'- o.tos ,\ .

64

P. g-tt

r,\
L q . ( g - 7 ?| / :
/-

.
^
p Rt * i Ro ton B/k ; + 2 X r . _ '-o

r c . - Rr- , /.- -RD

Let

x,E,

L'L

+1,r.t

._

z-L

rtr,):

x;

:-, I

4 , , vvril< 87. Cr-7il a_s

v(z')
::',:,'r''
;.:3:':,:7,:i,:
3
i','
:
+(zr+R)eif{f

Vo ffag.

.',

/x rvrinimqm

wh-n

r+[flri4f , #: er-z7zl

4 :

laf

or wh.n oe: 2 (gx

o . 3 , \ _ T T:
=
:
* e?o.2ir o-27o+5o.rq6.

D 2,.-po(#)=3oo (ffi)
: + 66 +j. zo6

6s
i___

p/

o/>/a-;nt

P.g-rs a) lfl:#:

T
t

d.nJ t--*n

+zc;t) : \' '

t f ({-

77 I;n

p,

i1

1+
I

--*1"(t
w-

,,:t,

l'-ttt

So/uin?,

,4,o + ?' Rt b;
f,g_

CSL) .

O.27.

e s-!L

U; : o | /o" <v), zs- Zo - So {!l).,

,4,r: 25 (,fZ) : o.5 Zo . I : ?

Q;uen

2t-Pa
'R,+tl.o

'rL:

*)

F.o,4

F;3. r--s,

F'
L,-1a

Va
r

-7o ' r , * i
.tO

..,/1/!1
t,-.- iro*

'

:-L

T/ - V
"
:

+r

<

.{-o

..Q2.

E7-(E-Zs),

l-'i-2&agZ i : 7o o's zo+; zot^o f !' = 2^

oo 2--+ r^2o+i 0.5zoA"f&
i
/Bl

(v).

z.:
{o,

-3 *:;-a' |;'/ - 2 /
3 L
3i6(r+j+J^,3j)'s

+,

f.t:(*)+:

T, {onf,t:7

- o.s2?/*/8.+'(u)

V: *(ffi)

(^A).
/.os4,r-/tr.4"

J;=3 (+#r)=
lrVLen

-/Z . + J t * " , f l \ ( - A ) ,
4 i-*.ry7/t

T/S is cannec/eJ

lo*he

line,

vc/lon+,/!a.ve

.eo arnf i;4ud+

4.a-ve(s towqrd iO. ,o^d p.L,
#,W
erc ivin3 v+,i+hqi oLp/,'+,tJu V, =
6rAic6
#dil4
C-a,cr se,s a

re$/ec-leJ

7he ref Iec*e.4 wdve 4raveb

is

nol refec-fed

v<q,'re vsith

on a.nptlude-V.-:

Lactr hwa,rd

lhe-re bec;a."r.se- Z-

(6e qenera.lor

CV'and

Zo, ancl Fc=O

Vt : }ft
nift (t +t-r) - + e4fl - q 03i /-45o ( 0.
--t.33s1-as' (rrd.
Sin,;/a,/y.7r=
(-C):
+ e-ifL
#r;#
.'.

b)

5=#: s=.

c) ( Po, =
), { A. ( u, tf ) = + ( S) G, k;t) =2. z L x o r (w)= 0.a4 (mw)

zl

(P^)"=
f(tm=o f czhoe J- , s o ( t L )F, " : 0 .
#"-c,.o2s
<o^di(ion)

66

(nw).

P s-zo
a)

I - 2rld (Hr),

f=tscm).

Apcn-<ircuilal l,rm, ,4 - I (n), lho.667.

S,ori+hcAarf: Sla,l {roo fl, on tAe dxlrottc r,gAt, rolzlt
c/ocl<wis.

on3comy'olc

coajiauc,

u, {"r
fh o " wo rc /e" lA

rouo/u],bo

an a,!4t1|ona/

A/z)

(az'-

and
o.4lr-\

o. 167J- /o

1z vat d gi n < ralo r

x--;io.t7f. -

b)

A-

o/.,

on

A_e.a.d

--j+t.r
Z, - /s x (-)o.r?s)
".

&).

D.ran a s#aiglrr lioe f.orr, tit (o-jo.s?t) pohl tArcugh

*Ac cs.n*cr and in{crsccl ct! (o*jt.7+) on /_1c oTTosik
side e{ lto cAar}. _-._, y +t $r.74), jo.ozt2 (g.
S h o r t - c t r c u i t e dl i n o , I = o . t i 3 , . ! . / . + - o . s 1 3 .
.f*arl

{rom {te cy/raoo

eompltlc r<volu/ioa
0,033J. 'lo rsad
one

/cf/ poiol pr, , rcfalc

clockw/tc
a6r1 cor,lia;e oo {or an &dite,tal

Drawa sfra,str
i::r;:i

i;:li,i,i!,7 ii;i

u2)

*ho ccnler aad iniorsccl at (O-i+.rcjon$cop{uA

sidc o{ **e c$er/l *
ji.o4t G).
v - *,Ojdzt)=

F .g - z t
,r-*(n+4rc)=0.61jo.2.

,{

a) l. Localc 2r-0.6+jo.z on
5.ri+h charl ( Po;.t pt).
2. WiiA cen*ar al O draw a
lfleirelc 4treugh p,, inletocliaE
O P ea t 1 . 7 7 . - t ' - . ! = 1 . 2 7 .

vL-

anJ

lv).
nA).

t (nw)

b)

r - #

c)

l, Draw
Aca4
2. Move
J. Jorh
1. &.ad

oitle'- o.zgcir.l'
OP,, inlcrtecJ,hg thopor;phery al Q'.
nwavo/tagtAs
o.0+6 on
lowaed gcncralor'lcalq

line

clocL*itt

by o.1o11 h

O and Pr' , inltrsecltngthc

z;- | + jo.sg at pr.
2,. - SOr; - go +jzg.g Cn).

67

o.tl,

(Po;^tpl).

lff-cirele

al Q.

J) Exl..td

iI

/;r* pr'prolo Pt. Lcod f;- o.ls-,io.el.

\:' lT l; = o,ots -jo-oog 6).

e) Thoro is no vo/.lag4 77ininu4*'t on lhc/inc-rbuf

h -

/.6':z

zr = *

( r o - 1 to) - o.6' jo.2

d) Lacale

zLu0.6- jo.2 on S^,1+1,

( Pt;^t P,). ttVi*h

chari
cenlar c;j O draw
/1r.o u3h 1,inlcrt
APr. ai /.77. 4
S)

'1<Vr.

a- lf l<.;rcjc
te*ing /inc
S -1.77.

ao.2triztl'

al F;''
i'iac 0Q , ialcrscc*ing |hopcriphcry
ryuta'velengths
1z'^.-tg gen<rzr:'2"'
o,+t+ 9n

t.) l. Draw

Load
Sca{e.
2.lVore
r.iockwit
fc o.c-Eg (Po;rt 4').
by o./.t^
O and Pr' , inhrtu<lingt6e
3-Jain
lflcir<le- ot 1.
4 . R c a d ; , 1 2o . 6 t + 1 o . 2 3 a t Q .
E r - S 0 z ; = 3 O , S+ ; L | / . 9 @ ) .

.,i) fylcn1

0 Thu.

P.s-23

/ioe dr'Prolo P, . R-cad /;:/.+z-ia.s+.

'{;0.02g+-2'o.o/o8G).
* !;is a voltag+ ninitaum at ,!'o.oJ6,\.

x/2-2l
Firt*

An'f,? (<m).

vollz.ga

nr'nirn.tr,rt

a) l. Slarl

Qcc-urs af

t!-

- O-t t\.

frorn Pr" and ro{arfc

o. t o r\
Caun{crcjoc.,wht
thc loa,d to Pr',
fornard
2. Droq fhe lf l-cireto,inlvstciing linc oPo, al Z (S.Z).

3. Ioin ofl', ialorsccling l*e lrlet'relo al Pt.

zr.=o.6ts-jo.lts.

4. 2oad
+

Zr-9oL- 3j'75-i2t'7t (n).

6) f=+lf

I'

t,=*"izst.s.'

c) If

Zr= O, *hc f;rsl voltago ninimun would be at

- 25 (c^) fro^ *$e shat-cireuil.
Zi=\/Z

"2
S^;4t

rh
'kicr,lt

P I-z+

;ng L'nc

f = 2xtos (H'),
-\. = /. 5 (,^). +
I : ?

. t.77.

C horor*eris/ic

)rnper/n-nce
/,'n.,

lront,n,'ssion

2^:r/

- o. 3,/5(^)

of

Tctctrlerz3A'3oo -- /4g

;,,vire '{vwo-r,yire
(L).

Co, o /ort/e's air //ne., f,rorn E7' (s'ss ) a-n4 (r-z+),

7

H,

'o= ltl L - +/{: cosh-'(*)

-

)t:

/+ g -- 7y6: corl"-, (*)

Qiron

P s-zs

D : 2 (c-) -

a(wire

zt = (2s +2>r)/so = 0,9 t j o . - 9 ,

roJ;,r) = 0. 94 (cn)

yr= /-h,

a . ) See con"/rc.e't'ion.
P,t Z"-0.grio.E.

P r: Y t = / ' i /
lx.

Prt

= Y s+r J ,

: o'

Y r r =l + j l ,
*

Jz : O./6 L^+ (a.s-o.?I il_\

: o.324)-.

G : bu= /, -rl,=(o.z;*ot2s)^^ll

: O-7TSX.

,9

$':

'l-

t
&
t
I
t

t"_

6g

bgr=-? l.u{-

(o.t7r- o.2s))_
-= o-/acx.

*. 2oad zt=o.6ts-jo.tzs.
*
Zr-jozt- 33.75-j2t.7g(n).

6) f:#t,=*"i:st.s.'
,'2
S-,4t1
rl)
'kicr.ir,
irrg h'ac

c) If

Zr= O, *Ao firsl voltagc niainun would be at

Zi- ^/Z ' 2f (c^) fro^ +$e shot-cireuil.

P I-z+

= 2xtos (H.),

.\ = /. S('^).+

. t.77.

C horor*er)

ucrrler- i,vire'lvvo-r,vire
: /48 (L)'
2o:r,fETTi{

s/ic )rnleJnt',re
/,'n.,

lront,n|ssion
,Cor o /otr/er',

air

"o= lT

\,

I : + : o.3'/F(^)
#

/,'ne, [.o,-,

E7'

k-:e

) an4 (r-z+),

- +/t: cost>-,(*),

/4y = Ac Lorl,-,(*)

Q;ven

P g-zs

D : 2 (c-) -

a(wir.

zr: (zs +;:.r)/so = g , g t j o . S ,

fr:

roJ;rr) = o. 94 (c-).

/-*.

a.) See conslrcaetion,

P,t Z":0-5+7o.9.

lx.

P"t

/t=l't/=

Ptt

Y n r =/ + j . 1 ,
dt = O./ 6 L

Ygt-J,

-0.

[email protected] a I I d,\

-- o.32+)-.
Pr", brr=/, -+/,=(o.zstoet)x
= o-J7Sx.
ber=-?1.*1,:(Osrrs))_
o_2
$':
-= O-/2sx.

iJ,

't51

P. g- ze F o ,
/ h-

Z S (' - fI) : /.5.20 ' I

fo
I Compctred
y,:*f,_0.667
P"obi'en, P s-2t
V)

Zo-

flor145, [i2.4

ire4

re?u

bi,:-4,: ttThe- /occtfioo*rf

ly'le-hove t

s]u

5 c<1ui#a_nce-s are

: I /.e.
1* and

p-irtlt

4'= o. 4c4 ^.

Q'are-ncLl

^,..,J 2i- O.o 7.4,t,

Ti, e-r e a.re no c6ong,u" in 1$- /acs*'o,rs

d,': J,:

t r!J_

G iv.,', '

O,

J;&-nt

aty'$e

s{ubt,

o-,-J 4r': J, : o.324 L.

7s (n) , ,S : 2.4

V^in of

o. z ? i (,n) atn cl t. 2 3 g (,-) f.o,-,

/oJ.
d
.
j
x
=
(
t
3 s)
L so (-).
z 3e
-A.:2

@. t(,0)

Fi"s i V-,na-t
+#
hrom

&--

: c.i s4x

luod .

L/se a- Srr','+h cAa.rt.

/

t-

"

D"aw a, cen{ered ci"c/e

'throug,A S =2-4
poini.

(4oshea)

2- Loca,{e point Q {or 2, {ro,nY,;^ (po,nl

on e x{reme. /e{t ) o- lg 4x (c/ock*'i'e.)
'loworJ 1$< /aa.d.
j
L= t.31- 6.?S .
a)
*/

a - + r-/5 z"* 1o4.3- jrz.s

./.1:

(jL)

3. Lccxl.
4A. drao,.lr|.o/,
o/fosi.t<p o t.'nt P^ 4o {,.n j lt : 0. aig t j O.}4.

/2.o.4

o.04+^-

aJ ltainr Q'.
chs.rf q-s 6(n a&nithne

4- L(s.'fh" Snrith
cha.r* anJ T|nJ
+he- inlec-:ecl|on o( ah.l1l-c-ir<(e
wi+h tL,e-g=t circle
o-+ P,t /B= 't + jOtz.
R"cJ 0-/60;- q{ G,

Loca.iion qF =4.'b O:or:r*&f-

"effri-O.076\-o./73(h).

5' h or I - <:t'r cuile 4 slu L / e.ng/ h 1a g r'v.- be=- o. ?z : / = o.3 izx- o. 29,=O. /)2A--O.23C6,)

70

---I

I
t
t

P. g-Zg

chqr'f ar a.r't irvp<.da.ace. cha-rf .

q-sthql
)o pro-6/em pg-2g, e.xcept point
conrt'ruelion

Llte

,S'-rr.e

Smith

Pscwou/d be.al lhe. exlrerneI'h-

circle

S:/

ryoss

r=/

o''.(

5y o ,)
Clrc-/e-.

ze>/so = 0.9 +j0.5.

2"= (2s+j

P,t
T wo

becomes

/e,ft (mor/<<J

i b l a 5 a f c t T J c t n: s

Pr' zsr- t+it.

At

---+

P"t

At

cl3 -

(O. t(Z x_ O. ogf).)

: e. o7+

..

zst=/-i/'
---+

(O.lSg,r--O.OCg^)= O.29o)..

dr:

^ci.ieve
a. rno-fch \,vi+h - Seriee s{ub h<-uing
35
^/
Ro , w< n"ed a ncrrna.Jized s{<tA reoe{a-nce4:
it
-- -2'/.213 $er so{e&;ln c.orrzspa,iing lo Pr. Fronl
-)#

k
'\,

5p,ifh

chor-f

,.ve tn4

*he- re-oui.e-Jsfub

(*5*h

/r=o'347^,

,lt

;/<r-, ly dor' -so(q1ioo @r.e-spon4,'ry 12 P^, d 5*u/krryth

rxith
o.-no.rnaliza4 fea.lon.e-S'/.43 is nee.Je4rwh;-$

c"fu)ret

5;r

a- slu$

/"->gth

J
(m).

;^30i.

7t

./r= o'/si'\.

eb^*s: q
Wa rtg u i de.s a nci,Qeso,',alo,'s
,D.q - /'

We- c,se-f7". (q-;+t c r n J ( f - s ? ) - f o . Z r u a n J

)--377 1lL)
respecfively
For ct)r, 7 :1o:/2o"t(r
a)

The narrha/rzed

Zrc

w\ve

/'ft P. Ja nces-ct re y/ o#e.t

q
?a
=a
t

c<sskcwrn.
r \
b)

o T M = t t o l/'- r T r t
t--/'

,t
xl

4r

'7

- kT

--4,117.
f : r., f", /@
Zrr: o,4/7 rlo: lgZ (9),
- gol (g).
Lre= =hT

/t

At f =2.1f., /ryf

:r/,4*.J- o.s?/.

Zr.: o sq|,?o:3J<&). 2rr=#:+23

P o-Z

F.orn

7 ("t-tg), F = k/ r- c7' : #/ t -1*;'.

1/

(ur/u)
I

GL.).

a)

uj

=-

(^)

ta

( r-G,/tf

:42;:uJ/-(+)'
Ir-

(h\'* . (-f ,\' : t

\.,(,/ \ f I

n/J)

7;

w h i.6 i,t <1,col.s t'o-f

+4e
g raph of (u"/"<") ploaad versus
(*"-/+) )s a-'uni* lircle .

b)

ie:

2n

'

2npt

(j) ,t/ - (tJ;r

v r - (f./tf

zAtr

QA)

I-/t:

i Zre
shewn an fh.-/<Fr.

|roph
\ve-

) At I /f" = t-2e,

#e.l

u, /"t:

(, / f")

0.6a, )g/x

= /.62,

u, /ut.: /. (7 .

P 9-3

Fo,

t//a\/9g-ricle.

O",,

TF vtt<vzs

e-/vvec+:
) txe-

r'n Ft ra. V-

Ult)'

aycra-Jion f-r

(e).

-sqlve

.l'Afllt*
dy'

' 1r4,

with
be

H"(y,il = fllct)?7

:q.lisli

<J

n/

th*

ite- p <cr^al I e./- p I a-)e.

in(;n

+Ae Fo//o,*rh3

h-Hlry):o,
'i
con./i+,'o-.slo

foupJoT
conJq.h'"5

a - J - e:

p/^/<s

dH!rv)=
o a-{ y-o anJ /:b.
fr

lL)

5e/u/ron, H: V) - Bn,"' (ry)

d)

Prop{

b)

fro,-,f7.(7-24),f"- #

fic-lJ

expre->siun.s &rr

ko1v,z; t.) = 8, .o, (H

h = T,

Fror-, TE, moJs, n=/, (f,)rrre ) Inslo-n/at+?-.,ur;

#
TE,

rntQa,

cos(a)t-fiz',, F,= ^F@

-f,r)
K, (y,Ljr) -- ff s, s in ( ni9 sin (q1q
P, sin (#) s;. (*t-f,z).
E* (y,z;t)-- #

7s

tt-12,3;,.

P?-t_

P a , r i s ( a ) c + o c l Cb) - s) m i/s- r 1o Pr cb/e^

a.) Phut"

exp.esrions

conpsnert*s

.4r d'e./J

l"(y, z) : Bnc"t {:"rz) tf"L

"
,^,
- &h<
/ -(+)'
i"

!J, (v, z) : .j.*

Bn ;in (!#)

t* (y,.> - iff

Bns in (T)

S u,{ace

cure.f

C n l o w ., p l e fe :
0n upper plare,

f s . 6 5 l t i e s;

f,

n= /,2 3''"'

Enxi,
-"

a,- x fr @) = i* 8, a jf"".
- r x t t C t ) = dr 1-rf "8, if"o
1-:

Jrl:

!rat.

o-)

fe modes,

e-if,',

-l

Pq-;

o{

n- i/"".

b) F,-o,nf7 (t-26), hn:

#
c)

'

P. 7^3

Jst 14r
\- Isl *.

n ooa\
n cven.

AS:2x2.'o5:5.3Okm).

fo .

T E rc mo d e :

f.:

*9-=
2a.

L"-:2o,:?xQ.o2e
Front

{ct.

(q-zc)

qnJ

(q-3t):

(*)'

,^3/

^*
#;,

J:
b) LJs= Smith chart. )n",*

lrl- #-

(Hz).

:5d/o1
2Jx* l o{ =
.925
:

a,OS G?).
12 7L
7 -t,

to1=
!:ii i;r*,9

j .,-. bfhrougl>s=2
Fiot.

o.trl+
,Sh,l+;ry\ 1o*va,J fo*d /.,y #:
p/<".s ?"i"t & /,nrr. (/te boy' fu.5-o.tSilx,
=o.3$l A g low.-d

{L eg-r-rertr,

,L-_-,J 4-: o.qg+jort.

zrotffi
-*

= ##-t4761)

/ r= (Q-?qt 2o.at)x 511 - t44 + ilio

c-)

1"^r- lo (r- *)
74

- 8.r7 (w),

<9) .

io air-{;((eJ
recr\ngu(ar
TM,, -uJe
u:zrJ
zt
a-r3u/or {.t.71'/ency
Olerali,-tg

Pq'6

\,vaveguicle
(re. Ff.?-1s):

E)tr,y)= Eos;.(ff:)s;^(T)

a)

in [7.s (f-ir)ll-ro1sh

Jap+ing 4-o

(?-r+)'

=
=ffP)Eusin(T)r",(uu
H)r*,y)
),
+#
(X),;n(T),
H|t,,fi : - # u; =- ff H Eocos
co'f#)s;"ff).,
Ef,t*,y)=
#,'#:-#El E4

..,(!),
d ,.r,=- #,,# - *r@:,, ,,,,ry)

,.*hu,.
in

h,l = (+)'o
are

z-direc,+ion

(-)' ,

f,:1/r^ty'e

deswri6er/

- h).

by the

y''cfor

t/aria.lions
,"t4lz

b) Fro-9.cr- zd,(4)r.,,:fi" - ;fTV,

(1 x -c'1Mtt
i,,=*-

-)
. ) - T= ): :-: ec: -' -

'3
-

P q-l

F,,

r't-(f./f)'

Recfangular waveguide:

E7.(9 - as):

Hz)
L

(f.)r,,1,,

t.

Mod"s

:-L=

{f'-f.'
Q':/'21Gm), b:3'4a

/;1
t-\s/1nn_
,m

wi*h lAe -rhorlesl

(cm)'

A" ( S (cm) a're:

0.6ilr,

a) For
b) For

II
I
I

Mode

TEto

T E,^

T Eot

A kn)

| 4,4

7.20

6.s0

TEt,fTM,
5. ls

A - lo (<m)"t /he only ProPaga{ingmode is TErr.

mod"^s *re:
A = 5 (crn)t fAe. p.opa,Safing
TEo, 7Ero, TEot, TE4, and TMtr-

T5-

P.q-s

=
e)

a:2b,

F(m,n1=/ffi

Modes

7En
7Eot, TEzo
7 8,,, rH,,
7Eo,
7M,t
TMaz

? q-q
a)

b)

#F(^,n).

b) a: b, F(^,r2 =JT6.

F&rr,n)

I
7E,r,Tt4r, |
TEor,TEro
|

J?

,12
2

Jii
,l2o

.f - S x toa (Hz) , x-r/f

-o.f (m).

Lc.f a.=kb, t(kcz. (f,)^,=

4\m,.
(r ',
L lt tot
\lJrr=

hr fhe dominanl TEroaodc.

ff
t-or f >t2(f)tu.'
a>o.o6(m).
Thc ncrf h;gher-ordcr aodc is TEo,wlsh Cl,>rf
Y.
fr, f <o.g(f)ot:
b<o.o4h).
We cAus. a= G.S (cm) and b = 3.9 (cm).

- 4.To x lat Ca/) ,

u. - $.a
r
{ t -(Nzaf
-.t
xs-

F:

o.ts7(r,) = fS.7 (cm1,

mEff.=
= 4o.l (rad/m)t
+ 'n

5?o(fr)-

(zrr\o- mt'-

76

-l-I

I
I

Pq-to

Q iven :

a) -r.-f

d = 2.Sx lo'2 (m), L =f.st lo'2(t^), f '7. s , toe(Ht).

:#-o.o4(m),

=o.Go,.

4=rlm

^/F, - o.0667 0rr) o 6.67

\S-

(cm),

=
(rad/n),
F Zn/xr= Q4.2
' ,l' lot (r'/il,
uf
"/E
c '1 ' l't x lot (m/s)'
\=
(Zrr)n= ,lo/i :2oott = 629 ULl.

[*

b)X=?-b-o.o233

(m),

=o'g2e
,

Fr'=@

^S - ^'/F, - o.ot+3 (m) = 3.13 (cm,,

2n/^; = f93.2 (rad/m),
F'e
' i = u / 6 ' 2 ' 5 7r l a t ( m / s ) ,
ij = t '4.= t'?s t lot (rn/s),

(Zrr).=

#.
b
P 9- I t

il

Par*

Llse-E7, (t-tt)

+)

(tL).

G-) Ao.s been cJone in frob)em P. g'6,

a lonq /he

P 9'tz

h-323

*o {in4 th"

av?+d.le

parl h).

Po\^/er I ransmi*fed

wo.ve2etais.

Er{*,Y,2;)=fosin (toonx)s;tt(/oory)cos(2np'or-f z)

Eos;n(4) t;r(f,i
M od" d ope rof ian : T M,

co'(2ro'orfz)t4 : 2nf : Zzr/oa (rad/s).

77

-"i

.j

=?J(tl'*(4)'
: +/
b) ('.!.),,
-

l/,-\7

-,,

/--..----

##

: i.+ g x ic, (l{").

F : ,4/'-Gi: #[t
i

7.

G-zz)

( Zr*,),

-H"I:

?, Fl

/// (raa/ra).

:3zZy/,--r '

37zxo.'i3 -Zoo(!,).
3x/c"

ffi;;
P 9 - .:

TE qode

: O.0566(^)=s.ss(.^)

i n C.o25Gn) xo.02t( t' .- ,,tctir - { ;t/.r /^s7.r ar ?

W.:\\/egUide:

Hrr4/.,2;t) - h,s<,tr(#) ror,lfx)ros (at_fz)

(d+ -2goz)
cL: ry : 8o?r: #,, -':::"n:::)cos
--+

b)

TEo, rno-le.

Fro,..n {f - ( 7-< s) :

(f;0"='

? *

#-

Fl.om
E7.c?-3s):P:?,F@
f : J74'14 =

Zru=
ffi:

7t^

A! : x/C@T

/. 2 x Toto
(H,) =t z (gll").

- Z*,ffi:.
- /.Y,tta''elo)

' / \q113/'

:/7(&H),

2-a

J#.-Sdd(tL),
: c/yuQ@

: 2.24 x ri t 7,o7: 2. 2 4 (co,).

p, =
vc)'t ro.v
r-.r..=afpn'Ht
=+fbfbl+f
fb--;o'(ffx) Jx
4Y
T )o Jo trrex
4 zr" Jo
ui (+,) _ zgo (W).
: (zrr).,ab
\2'/
4ztx

78

P 7-/4 Substiluting E7 G-fz),',

9.(7-24)

-r vv,'(-)*,)
-h'f''"

a-)

: r[a7-n'{, - irlq (rrV, -h)-'

i
l''"

i/r'*n, {,-

'T'o

@7.-h')-'t
aJFr@.

Fro- f7.G-ze), @r:

ftei"e,

y=d4nif,
|
4 .j=T'/z@*r
-Qf1.r

wirh

(fQre

%4

rr)
A/' f - + t (o1(fu),

e")

,o

TEro E '/hz on/y />raf c,-e*fi-\s,

,^tAic/> 6o.t q

rna4e

(f.)rr,o:#
Th-r, d4= }ffi

eu{c>t$ fr*/u.n.7

--3xroe
: ta';'g.1{#
G{-).
: o.oo?e
(ny/d-ooz4(+8D.

: #

P.q-rs (f.)*n=
ilffi
a') (f),o-

'

t' \i"aie = 1x /o1(H): 6 (Qu).

Ncxt higA.t moJe:

b -42id

(f)or
#
(f.)t,=*i/,.Gf

24

tyJro=t

'cm).

is
Llsa6 lez b q,J,n;e+h
(eH)loz
*oa /./f ,1:6.9
P+rerisril/o lanJsi4tz*

b ' = 4 5 O a b=0.79a

| 3.+

to

( *(+)

tL

(Gtlz)

o.a9x12

0.6 l8

o,8.9 ,| |L
lo.L
3.t(ard

/o.L
3.rlatl)

e.a (61'tz)
xfjiS

P o u : 9 .j ( w ) & r b - o . z e a , a n d t o . Z f t D { o r b - o . S o e .

71

j_

CGHz)

>1.7

b) Fro^t7.G-toD,pa,-I,rgr-2t.3+(*).
+

(t

e_=O.Agkn),

/. g x los F(n,-,f),

t{'^^ n ?.:

TM:to
T

/f>e.,'r re tonanf

I F (m,n,P)

W::

rot

:o.g3

3. /zg

23.5s

TErtt

26.o3

jE', r, TMr,,

28. ss

1t-3tL

T t4yo

3c. og

+ Ea7

T Eert

.3 2. 02

4. goz

- ?9 . 6 0

9.3 40

cx) Since

d >a->b., *he

ftiode

is

7ro,

f.e9uen.,i.r,

f -n* ;n (&Hz)

3.57s
3. no,

T Mtzc

P. q*;z

f(n, x,f ) - too/(7)'. (?S',(gy.

-6r der t4oJet a rtJ

/o-r"./

ryrf

b : O, O6 (m), d = O.QS (n).

/owesf-orc{e.r

t?son46f

r-rode.

r
-eFa
rtot
T/ ;r, 4 - 1. Bo, x rg, ( 11)
= l.Yoz' (g.F{z).
b) ,:ram E7 (e-/2o):
D
*tot-:

v {,o,
,/'too-bd (a} +41)

P-rf2@
,ffi W

a.64( a.' +d' )

: 6 '8 6 1 .
From E7t.G- /(4) e.nd (g-rrs):
W" - *roFo' -t o f,:, H: : o.07z3 x t6tz g7S=
o.ozztet),
I

w^- fr ob4 (# * r) Hi - 0.o773

(f ;r)-we .

I
I
I
I
I

I
I

IlI

80

II

J_--

P. g - /s

1r:2'5.
r - t * l:t l a) )t/t
L { a,

n
:l(n\
w(oJ

A)

c)

P q-te

(f,,,)g: 3.r 32 (Gtaz).

= 5,162.

(r)'/a\"tot/go

W_ (W)ru: o.oz73(pr)= W^.

t

.a|' : :

a')

4t

r
r ( o t:

{Tftotloq

sl=
Zla:

- +Jn"/m

4,-*

-,/Va
a-

:6.soo

/ q, s oo (21'/+- /a
+

a--

b)

f*, - &

c)

For

n
*{o{

(cm).

: 7. j+ (qU") .

copper,

Q,o,

P.9-zo

O.o2gqGn)-2.9q

6-5.to^/o7

G/n).

.To.,
- 6,sool 'rii - 12,443.
-

,[ffi"r

a-bd (at+ d')

a) For a.-c! : t.sb - o.o31 f^),

i,o,=+{{ry

b -o.o2 (m).

- t.r7q,toe(L)-s.sqxto1
(Hz)

Qtot- 4o.zz,/VF - ll,O lg.

b)

Fo,

Q'rn- l.2o Qrct --r

6'- l.zo2b : /-44 s o. oL

- O-o2ss (ft) = 2.g? (crr.).

o
gl

W
Antenna.s

P. to- t

a.nd Antenna-

A..ays

EV. (/o- /z) a:-rd Qo-/4)

From

a
L T- g t,9,
r
6) -

4n8t

?o-

!1

E, of 4,

Mqximum
o

'j aw
7-2-, o

--+

DP,

4 zAt
>?oDP.
Z1TZ,

- n/r .

occur at
Eo'.

,r?o

11-/F
D:1'5,

^
I

- o,/ox /E x /o3 (w|

E o - o : o g z z ( v / - ) - 9 r . z (n v /^).
H o : # : O . Z s gQ , . A / m ) .
ao

P /o-z

^ -

a)

"_T

U^o,

Uno*-

50.

frIuao

tl

cosgsinede d4

#L"[o{r,n'n
= 2.6s (tu/s,).
--"r> D=#=lg'95,
b)

or l2'7'GD.

L{.^t:
+
P, :4n
-

l.
J,'f

Uon- 4?rx2.4, -33-3

^ t

2-i,Kr'
---*

-a_

Kr-T:

2 P,
-i

T-rc.zcstl.

g2

.P./o'

of Confinuity:

fq.ra*ion
/
-Q

j_
(A

)t-

^) Z (z) - Io cos zarz

V-J:'j-_e

.l 7 t-\
-T'

^7o
F:=-:Stn27TZ
1c

F=+:27
Lt/ovelenS th z, - | Crri..

/2)i rz)- zo( , - *t zt)+ f":

t:lH 2i'"'.oo
P ro-4
w).

^:

*-

#:3oo(n),

a ) pod;oh;on re^sishnu,
6)

j;..t

#-

Pr: f,orr2(*)':

(41../z;on
J;polr).
tgz

(n).

-W
E q . ( i o - 3 o4
) ,: , f f
: 2 . 6 t xt ; 4 l . s } .
E r e - ( t o ' 2P? L) ,o . r r ,( e ) * \ , :
|r'(d!)'.(#):
&-gs.s%.
^'

c) E7.(to-zey:P, =

(ro-,o7'
87.
1r;;*!$e;'${i

lt'l"-"'-*{*"= tq(^v/n)'

rr (t?)=?f r_j'1: S. o /, /.6,6D.

l.17 t rc"

-?:#-3(-).

Di p olt bngf h : /-l Cm)+ T

*
2, - 73. | (sD.
t1

'^+

/.fL

tsowe-r losf , fL:

h
.:

#-6t/::
(*')8,:7r.t

d;pole.

(zoco'/z)zJz

(AsLx
rr= oe?s(F)
(*).

g3

.1
i
.t
-il
.:t
'I
!
1

P,lo-e

a.)

Ee

-,i

/fT'( r - #S eir'co'e
dz

- .m c'jf| Frs)
,

un'i -

fu"-jP"FG),

FG) = s;ne[t-ct!(tt

case hrr, , cos(fhcosl)a t - {(fhcost)',

f

In

Ftcl * *(t''s;n

='ry
oile6 ptsine)

Ho -

r-ifa g fh sino)i#trttlA

c), =
ffi
h:

sine,
r"4-iVa
sine.

ri r'siaedad{= $ [nrr,(+),J,

R,= P,/(*il

l:/eo

an4

e'

E, = #

b) P,- *{T"r

P./o- r

gasdJ.

= Zan'(*)''

*
xb t ( H ) _ > ^ :

4O (m).<<)-

,,^tilh

qh:rc

?:

-*roll"l^,^r7

ffi

lH+l^or: ItJ^^,- ff:

f
I;": zntsineJe b) P, : +I""

: 1 , 6 4(7, n ) .

/riarrgctlay,

a-) /r,-o'-t P-oLle,n .P;/0-6, tse ha-we ,

+ raloe
o-t.o@s1.

cu.rcnf

distribuf,bn.

( fg= +)

^ioo:r.rr(av/^).
7,sI x /o-'(A/d=7st(y,</^).

- # (frq' (i) =s(fhz)-:$rf^'"tl*2;"?ede

! l+'"'GIl

= ryx +ori (#V)':,,t36.s(w)= r.r+ (2w).

,) 2r= Zp,,/ti = o-227 (ft).

r4

-v

P 'to- g

t
4- l ) LF '
P(one paftern {unction {or }f er4o'o,n
clipole is , from E7. ( /o- rd,

F^( e) = -s in .

Mo*. Etu) : {

: F(4)=*
_'::': ;':7,"i,,

T;
-+
,\
6) t -plane

a t o- ? o "

Be-a,nwi4+h A:
pay'lern

{un.h'on

hr

Or-0,-?oo
ho?-wz,ve

4ipo/e-

it, from 7. (ro-sr),

cos{(v/?)coseJ
---7^
a

F^rc)b\v.

lVlo"

(6,)- I qt Oo=7c".

^
fb. I I P otars, Ooiofs
-+

P. lo- to

B"oavvidth

f5(,'):${ei)=t .

al

0r'- ei- / 27"- S/"- 7gi

A0'=

Ltse E7. (to-27):

F(e) -

cos(fAcos.e)-cos.PA
Srn

For 2h:/.25A-,
- cos(r.zsil
-lcos(r.zsncosel
|
tlffe>l
rr?rl-tfl

).

lU;a+h af mainb.a,n Ae{*.rn

thc- .first nulls
= 2x53./3' =tO6.26".

85

i
.i-:

rf

*
-_rj
-..{

:l

,l

P io-rt

Use 87. (/o- to) for Herlzian dipo/<s.

-a

: E,rc)'t E,@)

-rAo
_ _"-j|r'

: -; i ( z h )

#1/'i,r(#_#)

I
Ln

tl
^
(be
far zor1e,

a-)Ee=
t#

-/
P- ;

R- <l cos O.

7op sineA/2
' (l * la'f 4coseS

= +Prf

,iPrc-lcosdF(il,

where F{e) = sin cos($ro, e).

5.14 =)./z ,
lF@l- ls; n e cos(! cosgl.

:) d=:.,

lf?Sl-ls, ne cosgrreo,il1.

86

p/o-/L

/ior an a.rray
c/r'-tf aoce

e/ernenls

o{ i.Jenlica/

sf a.e4

{rom Ff . (/o-g+),

c/ c\pc<rf , we 6ovu,

Iti : #eo tFc1t)ll*,*1,

--fJ

\vhe-rc (
In
<t-)

lhe H-p/or.

singcos/+f

aF a. d;po/e , e : r/z , F (!,

J=4,9-+'

,\

* lI t,,.-+)ll
.
oil--i, +i=1,
I,q,

1z\

Dta=

,-

?,
..t

?::'

;
.
4): /

n'

,nn
.
+trl
lA@)=
l l c o s ( f f c o s (+ t ) l .

I
Jatt

P./o- tE

Five

- elemenf

broadsi{e-

|inomia.la-rray.

o) P.otafivc cxcila*ion amplihtdes: f :4:6:4:1.

b) I r ra,y {acfar : /A e | - cos(!c." g)11
|
c; cos( *cot{ ) =QV) .' /o

g = 7q.c6".

Hal{-power f,eamwiJ+/1
= 2 ( go' - 74.96' )
:
For uai{orm

jO.29..
a"?4v , {ro^

llsn(Fcull(''

TtWSi

Eo.(tt-Eil

r.

-E-i'7*3t'

Half -po*c, beo^wid+h {oc S-alct*rr{ llnifonne*A

witA 4a tpact'r! = 2(go,-7E.6t.) - 2O.78..

g7

.<

P to^ lq

7ne

e/<r'ter#

n< Trna./;zc4 a.rra.y SacaaT at

ra.pzre-J

arrqy

iAe{;u._

1j

iAc^.ili= + I / * zei!+3 J2** z {'3* + e;+{!

-,
+
tl ";,* [z z, eii + {iu) ("i'*+ ;;"*)Jl
:
+
t L c c ,z {
+ l 3 4 c . o s , l+
I
craph

tF V <" fS l r" .!

it shown

befow cntAe./e.Sr .
It/r.

-n

-n/t

1371/z

F o t b r o a J t i d e - , o p r r o f f o n : g : O . , J=, d . o " + = 1 r c o s $ .
,
f
l ' i ( i l 1 = + l z + + c o s ( v c o sd ) + 2 c o s ( 2 j r c a s
+)1.
T'hrs is 2lot+ed a6aue- om +he rlgh+ . TAe {i.rt
siJe,/o,1c,{e.,rel
|t 0.//,
.b(ugr{//o.lt) = /r.2 (dE) a,awr,
{.o*
fhe mo,.n_bea.m
""
rq d/a-1|on . Th is < o"r,p<l-rz, ,.vft6 O.--,
r1he
or y'? (d B) Cown frr
.ive-- ./err',en-( qnf#rn
broa-ri=,'Je- o.r.a7 shown ,h t],g./O-l/.
P.'lt- /5

F,o*

-Qr. ( to-3?) and

(/o-6d

e'jtpl"'t3,7, A,H;)Ay6t)l
llol: ry
whereA*(U):; !ffi,
,li- $*tino casf;
.A, / ,(*\:
tyt

t d!z*hL.
N2 sin(79V5,

D)

7t : i;'
tv

sine cosd

I
si" (#). s;"(4b) | .
IL serq,"'d1
lr G,6tl= NtNz
sine

sin(f,t3;"(g I

8g

-r
P to- ta

l.-

h/'

r<z)dz .
-h

a-) /l ertzi^n
dipole of
J,(z) *- Z@1 ,
,

/"
b)

/eng*h

dt/+

.&.

l/a-/f - uvave 4,'p.o/e- ,uith

/ . =-f - -' '_=^c .o/,,p -z -J z : * s-t -

f-

c) l l o l {-w o '.te

s;^(rs#l=
f+

t-!at,

S
J_orr" cos f z dz

rx/4

c//.

h = L/4

,B

ctncl J.rz):r(o)
2 - ^
ro)t-

-'^\fT):

dipo/e ,yith A://+

cospz.

?r

anJ a( z) =r ( D( t- 4t21/r ) .

r A/4

t": [:;* ( ,- +tzt/x)Jz = ,I^'*r,t - +z/,t)d,:

.
t
l?to- tt

A-

l'{^/f

(m)

t-#='t

- w^\/e

dipole

wir|

Z(z) : J (s)s.r'. ( |
f
- J(o) cos
fz.

srhcts6,1'q/q/ cqrrenf

-lzl)

1 1) -

\fT=t)

Frorn E7 (/o- (g) and P.ob/.,n P./o- /6 6) , l.=

f rom V. (to-s),

vve hono,{ar

ch'strr!>qhbn
+r'r

#.

0 = 17/2,

P,n r@7ry-F
1 : + r' @)
a)

2-?6(v/m)
lE,l=###:
l4"l=le,LI: 2.?6x $ = o,v4zu).

b) Fo, rnolched loal,

'P
L:

V::

gR,

o'7+i' =
?(w) =
/.52 Qnw).
/. s a x lo

gx?3.1

I
I

s7

=z+,,u,).

P to- rs

(io-sd' pt_:
##r,

,q.

f :/fe(m),
c') Para//e/

ha.lf-

tA./awe Jipo/er

/rel l{e-rlzian

d ipoles :

P, = /-st4 - (#)'

P./o- rq

64

4:Dr=/,

/.s/4x /c- ': ( w )

Pr: ffiffi{,2,/oj:
b) Pora

=##:/h).

Pr:2x(o3(t*r), ^:-f

: /.5/4
D,:

(*,

'"v)

Dz: /.-tO

: / - 2 6 7( m w ) .

.Froq E1s. (/o- /z) ancl (to- t+):

1nU(e,r.il _ 4trR'F",
G
_:
V'D
'Dr

ll

1-;' in!
() -D-r l' 'c. r, l -:

.Dr

t q". (/o - 40) an d (/o- 12,)

,r

,h.Q:

r / ^ i :cs(4cosdfz.

t' O.f

sio)

a ) S u ,6 si i i 'q f i n s
( to- 7s\,
@ /'n Z
l"re):
o./3*f cos( *co'-ldlz

#ecel=

st.'d

b) M ox. vo-lue o.FA"(e) for

: /O* (H),
.f
Occ<trs a f O ='T'

c) M o-r. yo.lu e o*

>":

:3 (a)

Arq-o./3* = /.ri (m").

Ak) frr .f : 2x /o?(+b),L: /.9 (a),

A " ( g ) : o . / 3 x . / - s z= o . 2 i c * ' ) ,
wL; ct, i5.--rr,,1
o.lfor ,%on A.e)&r
becorts-

4re vva.yelergth is shar{er

?o

f =,/o{ft1)
a! if :J/ rcPpz).

P./o-zo

/o IogroQ2,: 2o (c B)

A,.t+ennq gain :

,f-

GD: /oo'

:f:3':/-/fi- O./ (m).

3^loq(Hz)

a) Fo ^/er {en-, ily a.1 ra-ryef1

dT"r

(w./*')

FIr: #ffi:o.ot4r
Er-/o.o/47x2Y377

b) Power fnlercepi"d
c)Scut(ered

e"

ilu

= 3.39

(u/^).

= {urf, = /Sx o. O/4? - O.224 (0.

Ly large/

1)ornrtr 4ensity ay' radq.r e.nf enna

Y,= #-

2.7rrro-'o
(w)

Zffi-

Ref /ected po,,ye.raAsor.be4 by anlennct :

4 A"

= 2./exto-h(fi c): 2./rxto-'(#, roo)

=zzir' /i" (w)

U
P /o-zl

=tz.t (fD.

[art'h

-6,39o (k,-).

rqdi.ts
Al.(;lu./" of geosyncAronous

sq./elhles - 3 6, f Ao ( L.,)

Qecs yneh"aus orbit raJiu' = 4,lgo+g4roo

:44(so (kn)'
. -t/ 6.sso.
t
Y- s,n'(WiT)=8.561

{-

7o'-{.s6"- gt,*4"

a) Two sqlelllfes cover only 2r(2f)-):.e"

< i40:
se.lzlfites io eTuqforia(
U"u /hr"e
p(o-ne, 3x (z{'S = 4 8?o>3 60?
Po/or rggioas are naf avared
b) L.t

Pr- Poru., fcaasmi(lcd ly

Ae-.aqse
'9'<qoi

sa-/e/li.t:e-enlennq-

=#
fl= Po*., densily wilA;a t'Ae eo.!1
e
Lsin
f ,uo of cone,<ap on earth - l:lU
r
o 4e d+
- 27/r' (/ - cot
*) : Zn r'(t'/D-

1f (F{):

ql

:l

.i.{

,i
J

1
i

P lo-zz

where
9q.te

a) fr.n
fq. (/o-so> '
'p* - ( 4 r r ) '
'pL '
e-erti
lAe
/l i'le

sqbsi..7r'1)4s
resP

e can{

s Je+rofe

o-,J

e c* i v e ly.

x loj
) --.- Z. /4 x /d"
*e/4 x'lO?

Q-:

arfh

,-),

/ o(e'/to) - 3. i6 , ,/Os;

- 2.go x tdz e",

x"- j#

lo(tr/td - 3. t6 x lot.

e":

r - 3.6s x to7 0n) ,

--*
Pt - 2.1 (@.

Pr- 8 x |dt" (w).

b) F:-om
[7 Go-rys, P,- q (ff)'e.
xs.t6xto,

A.- fie-:%
',t) :

fr

- I | .9 .fint).
| z.ttr to'Li 3.!s'r

2E\

'tr,s

,ot't

\t,

/
- {,5+ * tct2 (w) = /.51 (iw)-

q2

O.g x ld:L