Answer Sheets

General Biology 2
Quarter 4 – Textbook
Science Technology Engineering & Mathematics

NAME: Jan Lloyd D. Gabrido GRADE/ STRAND: 12- Mantiris

UNIT–XI: Organic Biology

REVIEW

1. A 9. C 17. A
2. B 10. B 18. B
3. A 11. A 19. C
4. D 12. C 20. A
5. C 13. B 21. B
6. C 14. B 22. A
7. B 15. A 23. C
8. A 16. C 24. A

CRITICAL THINKING

1. Why are negative feedback loops used to control body homeostasis?

An adjustment to a change in the internal or external environment requires a change in the

The maintenance of homeostasis involves negative feedback loops since it acts to oppose the
stimulus or cues that triggers abnormal range or dampened processes, it reduces the excessive
responses and keep variables within control or in normal range. Example is the control for
temperature regulation; in situation when body temperature is too high, a negative feedback loop
will act to bring it back down towards the set point or target value.

In general, negative feedback loops allow the system to self-stabilize, it is a vital control
mechanism for the body’s homeostasis.

2. Why is a fever a “good thing” during a bacterial infection?

Mammalian enzymes increase activity to the point of denaturation, increasing the chemical
activity of the cells involved. Bacterial enzymes have a specific temperature for their most efficient
activity and are inhibited at either higher or lower temperatures. Fever result in an increase in the
destruction of the invading bacteria by increasing the effectiveness of body defenses and inhibiting
bacterial metabolism.
 We get a fever because our body is trying to il the virus or bacteria that causes the infection.
Most of those bacteria and viruses do well when our body is at its normal temperature, bur if we had
a fever, it is harder for them to survive, sine it also activates the body’ immune system. That heating
boosts our immunity by speeding disease-fighting cell to an infection.

3. How is a condition such as diabetes a good example of the failure of a set point in humans?

Diabetes is often associated with a lack in production of insulin. Without insulin, blood glucose
levels go up after a meal, but never go back down to normal levels. Diabetes is a disease caused by a
broken feedback loop involving the hormone insulin. The broken feedback loop makes it difficult or
impossible for the body to bring high blood sugar to a healthy level.

REFLECTIONS

Chapter 16.1 Structure and Function of Animals

In this chapter we tackled generally about animals together with their form, functions and
structures. We specifically discuss about reproduction method, both sexual and asexual, the process
of digestion and absorption, the musculoskeletal system and the different body processes such as
nutrition and energy production, blood circulation, gas exchange and immunity. All of those topics
are can be read seen in all seven lessons presented in this chapter.

The chapter consists of seven lessons: The Lesson number one that tackled about body and
movement, which its main focus is the skeletal system and how skeletal muscles is the type that
voluntarily controls. The lesson two tackled about nutrition and energy production, in which states
the consumption of other organisms. It also presents the category of animals according to their
dietary needs: the herbivores (plant eaters), carnivores (meat eaters), and omnivores (both plant and
meat eaters). The lesson three tackled about circulation where its main topic is blood circulation in
which complex multicellular organisms transport the needed nutrients thought the body removing
waste production.

For Lesson four we tackled about immunity on how the body deals with the pathogen using
its immune system. In lesson five we tackled about control system which its main focus is the
nervous system or so we called the brain. In lesson six we tackled about sexual reproduction, where
the topics like, hermaphrodite, asexual and sexual reproduction, fission, budding, fragmentation, and
parthenogenesis are discussed. Lastly the lesson seven tackled about development, in where every
animal undergoes a characteristic life cycle from its origin to its adult for.

In general, the chapter 16.1 Structure and function of animals, states and present all possible
lessons needed to understand life specifically of animals, how it grows, fight, reproduce, adapt and
many more. It tackled the complexity of animal life and congest it into a simpler one.

Chapter 16.2 Structure and Function of Plants

In this chapter we will know how plants form and work, what are its functions and
structures. It is said that plants are very essential or vital to human existence as land, water and air,
indicating that plants help us to survive. Without these plants our day-to-day lives would be very
impossible since life cannot be sustained without the oxygen release from the photosynthesis from
plants.
 During the discussion for this chapter, we will undergo four lessons. The lesson one talks
about the plant body in where individual plant species are unique but they all share the same
structure that consist of stem, roots, and leaves and they all delivers water, minerals, and
photosynthesis throughout the whole body of the plant. It also talks about cell organelles in plant
and how other structures in plants are not found in animals. The lesson two talks about reproduction
and like animals sexual and asexual reproduction is also present, but here sexual reproduction relies
on pollination or pollinating agents while asexual doesn’t.

For lesson three it tackles about development regarding plants as plants also undergoes a
typical life cycle, and that some plants have either gametophyte or sporophyte as dominant. Lastly
for lesson four we tacked about functions of plants especially on how they absorbed nutrients. It is
stated that plants obtain food in two different ways: autotropic plants that can make food on their
own from inorganic raw materials, and heterotrophic which are parasitic or unable to synthesize
organic carbon.

Chapter 16.3 Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanism

In this chapter we were discussing about how homeostasis allows animal to maintain a
balance between its internal and external environment for them to be able to adapt and survive. One
example stated here is how an artic fox can well adapt to its environment.

This chapter only has one lesson that tackles about feedback with sub topics such as
homeostasis, osmotic balance and thermoregulation. In homeostasis it refers the relatively stable
state inside the body of an animal. That Animal organs and organ system constantly adjust to internal
and external changes to sustain its steady and balance state. In osmotic balance, it talks about the
balance diffusion of water across the membranes which compose of water, plus electrolytes and
non-electrolytes. In thermoregulation animals can be classified into two groups: some maintaining a
constant body temperature in the face differing environment temperature, and on the other are
animals with a body temperature that is the same with the environment and thus varies with the
environment.

To sum it all chapter 16.3 homeostasis and feedback mechanism, conveys how complex and
diverse each species of organisms is and how they adjust or adapt to their surrounding likewise with
human behavior regarding flexibility and influence, where we also fit our selves in our environment
whether its new or old.