Leadership ALJONE V.

VITERBO
BS PSYCH 1-2

"Have confidence in your leaders and submit to their authority, because they keep watch over you as those who
must give an account. Do this so that their work will be a joy, not a burden, for that would be of no benefit to
you." Hebrews 13:17, NIV
Lesson 1: On Leadership
WHAT IS A LEADER?

someone who has the ability to

act as a guide
a person in command
Someone who spearheads and
directs a body, a crowd or group.
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
 Leadership“is one of the most observed and
least understood phenomena on earth”
(Bennis and Nanus 1985, 4).
 In an ordinary language, we view
leadership as the kind of position a leader
holds
 the qualities and characteristics embodied
by a leader
 We need good leaders that could shape and
manage our nation and its citizens as well as large
scale communities and even small organizations.
.We need good leaders to guide and help us in
making essential and significant comprehensive
decisions to make our lives the world in general
better.
 “definingleadership has been a complex and
elusive problem largely because the nature of
leadership itself is complex” (Daft 2008, 4).
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
Leadership is a process by which a
person influences others to accomplish
an objective or task, or sway their
decision and opinions
Leadership also means to direct the
organization in a way that makes it more
cohesive and coherent; or to influence a
group of individuals to reach a common
goal (Daft 2008, 12).
Lesson 2: Principles of
Leadership
 Know yourself and seek self-improvement. Seeking self-
improvement means continually strengthening your
attributes
 Be technically proficient. You must know your job and have
a solid familiarity
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your action.
Find ways! Do not blame others! Analyze the situation, take
corrective action, and move on to the next challenge!
 Make sound and timely decisions. Use good problem
solving, decision making and planning tools
 Lesson 2: Principles of
Leadership
 Set the example. Be a good role model. We must become the
change we want to see- M. Gandhi
 Know your people and look out for their well-being. Know
human nature and the importance of sincerely caring for your
workers
 Keep your workers informed. Know how to communicate with
not only them, but also seniors and other key people
 Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers. Help to
develop good character traits that will help them carry out their
professional responsibilities
 Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and
accomplished. Communication is the key to this responsibility.
Lesson 3: 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader:
Becoming the Person Others Will Want to Follow
 John C. Maxwell defines essential traits of a
leader in his book entitled 21 Indispensable
Qualities of a Leader: Becoming the Person
Others Will Want to Follow
 His book could be a tool for us to identify,
cultivate, and enhance our personal traits and
skills necessary to become an effective and
successful leader that people want to obey.
 1. CHARACTER: Be a Piece of the Rock
 CHARACTER IS MORE THAN TALK. ACTION IS THE REAL INDICATOR
1.
OF CHARACTER
 2. Talent is a gift, but character is a choice. we create it every time
we make choices
 3. Character brings lasting success with people . Followers do not
trust leaders whose
character is flawed.
 Leaders cannot rise above the limitations of their character .
Steven Berglas, a psychologist at Harvard Medical School and
author of The Success Syndrome , says that people who achieve
great heights but lack the bedrock character to sustain them
through the stress are headed for disaster. He believes they are
destined for one or more of the fourA’s: arrogance , painful feelings
of aloneness , destructive adventure-seeking , or adultery .
To improve one’s character, one can do the following:

 Searchfor the cracks. Spend some time looking at

the major areas of your life and identify anywhere
you might have cut corners, compromised, or let
people down.
 Look for patterns
 Facethe music. The beginning of character repair
comes when you face your flaws, apologize, and
deal with the consequences of your actions.
 Rebuild
. Create a plan that will prevent you from
making the same mistakes again.
2. CHARISMA: The First
Impression Can Seal the Deal
 To make yourself the kind of person who attracts
others, you need to personify these pointers:
 1. Love Life. John Wesley said, “when you set
yourself on fire, people love to come and see you
burn.”
 2. Put a “10” on Every Person’s Head. Benjamin
Disraeli said, “The greatest good you can do for
another is not just to share your riches but to reveal
to him his own.”
 3. Give People Hope
 4. Share Yourself.
Roadblocks to charisma
 Pride. Nobody wants to follow a leader who thinks
he is better than everyone else.
 Insecurity . If you are uncomfortable with who you
are, others will be too.
 Moodiness . If people never know what to expect
from you, they stop expecting anything.
 Perfectionism . People respect the desire for
excellence, but dread totally unrealistic
expectations.
 Cynicism . People don’t want to be rained on by
someone who sees a cloud around every silver
lining.
To improve your charisma, do
the following:
 Change your focus . Observe your interaction with people during the next few days. As
you talk to others, determine how much of your conversation is concentrated on
yourself. Determine to tip the balance in favor of focusing on others.
 Play the first impression game . Try an experiment. Learn the person’s name. Focus
on his interests. Be positive. And most important, treat him as a “10.” If you can do this
for a day, you can do it every day. And that will increase your charisma overnight.
 Share yourself . Make it your long-term goal to share your resources with
others. Think about how you can add value to five people in your life this
year. They can be family members, colleagues, employees, or friends.
Provide resources to help them grow personally and professionally, and
share your personal journey with them.
3. COMMITMENT: It Separates Doers from Dreamers
TRUE NATURE OF COMMITMENT
 1. Commitment Starts in the Heart . “Heart is what
separates the good from the great.” –Michael
Jordan.
 2. Commitment Is Tested by Action . “Nothing is
easier than saying words. Nothing is harder than
living them day after day.” – Arthur Gordon.
 3. Commitment Opens the Door to Achievement .
“Commitment is the enemy of resistance, for it is the
serious promise to press on, to get up, no matter
how many times you are knocked down.” – David
McNally
When it comes to commitment, there are
really only four types of people:
 1. Cop-outs . People who have no goals and do not
commit.
 2. Holdouts . People who don’t know if they can
reach their goals, so they’re afraid to commit.
 3.Dropouts . People who start toward a goal but
quit when the going gets tough
 4.All-outs . People who set goals, commit to them,
and pay the price to reach them.
To improve your commitment,
do the following:
 Measure it .
 Know what’s worth dying for.
 Use the Edison method . When he had a good
idea for an invention, he would call a press
conference to announce it. Then he’d go into
his lab and invent it. Make your plans public,
and you might be more committed to
following through with them.
4. COMMUNICATION: Without It
You Travel Alone
 You can be a more effective communicator if you follow four basic
truths.
 1. Simplify Your Message . “Be clear, be clear, be clear.” – Napoleon
Bonaparte
 2. See the Person . It is impossible to effectively communicate to an
audience without knowing something about them. People believe in
great communicators because great communicators believe in people
 3. Show the Truth . “The most powerful weapon on earth is the
human soul on fire.” – Field Marshal Ferdinand Foch. Second, live
what you say. There is no greater credibility than conviction in action
 4. Seek a Response . Every time you speak to people, give them
something to feel, something to remember, and something to do.
To improve your communication,
do the following:

Be clear as a bell.

Refocus your attention.
Live your message
5. COMPETENCE: If you Build It,
They Will Come
 If you want to cultivate high competence, here’s what you need to
do.
 1. Show Up Every Day . — no matter how you feel, what kind of
circumstances you face, or how difficult you expect the game to be.
 2. Keep Improving . The person who knows how will always have a
job, but the person who knows why will always be the boss.
 3. Follow Through with Excellence . “Quality is never an accident; it
is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent
direction and skillful execution; it represents the wise choice of
many alternatives.” – Willa A. Foster.
 Accomplish More than Expected
 Inspire Others
To improve your competence, do
the following:
Get your head in the game.
Reengage…give your work an
appropriate amount of your undivided
attention. And, figure out why you have
been detached.
Redefine the standard .
Find three ways to improve
6. COURAGE: One Person with Courage Is a Majority
As you approach the tough decisions that challenge you, recognize
these truths about courage:
 1. Courage Begins with an Inward Battle . “All significant battles are waged within
self.” – Sheldon Kopp. Courage isn’t an absence of fear. It’s doing what you are
afraid to do.
 2. Courage is Making Things Right, Not Just Smoothing Them Over . “The ultimate
measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience,
but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.” – Martin Luther King Jr.
Courage deals with principle, not perception.
 3. Courage in a Leader Inspires Commitment from Followers . “Courage is
contagious. When a brave man takes a stand, the spines of others are stiffened.” –
Billy Graham. “Leadership is the expression of courage that compels people to do
the right thing” – Jim Mellado
 4. Your Life Expands in Proportion to Your Courage . “The desire for safety stands
against every great and noble enterprise.” – Tacitus. “Fear not that your life will
come to an end but that it will never have a beginning.” – John Henry Newman
To improve your courage, do the
following:
 Face the music . Go out and do something
stretching simply for the sake of growing in
courage.
 Talk to that person . Most people are avoiding
confrontation with someone in their lives. If that’s
true for you, talk to that person this week. Don’t
dump on him or abuse him. Speak the truth in
love.
 Take a giant step . If it’s the right thing to do,
then do it .
7. DISCERNMENT: Put an End to Unsolved Mysteries
Discernment is an indispensable quality for any leader who desires
to maximize effectiveness. It helps to do several important things:

 1. Discover the Root Issues. “Organizational

effectiveness does not lie in that narrow minded
concept called rationality. It lies in the blend of
clearheaded logic and powerful intuition.” – Henry
Mintzberg
 2. Enhance Your Problem Solving .
 3. Evaluate Your Options for Maximum Impact .
 4. Multiply Your Opportunities .
To improve your discernment,
do the following:
Analyze past successes. If you can
capture the heart of the matter in a
few words, you can probably learn to
do it with future issues.
Learn how others think.
Listen to your gut.
8. FOCUS: The Sharper It Is, the
Sharper You Are
 How should you focus your time and energy?
 Focus 70 Percent on Strengths . “The great mystery isn’t
that people do things badly but that they occasionally do
a few things well. The only thing that is universal is
incompetence. Strength is always specific!” – Peter
Drucker.
 Focus 25 Percent on New Things . Don’t forget: in
leadership, if you’re through growing, you’re through.
 Focus 5 Percent on Areas of Weakness .
8. FOCUS: The Sharper It Is, the
Sharper You Are
 To get back on focus,  To improve your
do these things: focus, do the
 Work on yourself. following:
 Work at your priorities.  Shift to strengths.
Work in your strengths
 Staff your

 Work with your weaknesses.
contemporaries.
 Create an edge.
9. GENEROSITY: Your Candle Loses
Nothing When It Lights Another
 Cultivate the quality of generosity in your life. Here’s how:
 1. Be Grateful for Whatever You Have . Be content on what you have
 2. Put People First. The measure of a leader is not the number of people who serve
him, but the number of people he serves.
 3. Don’t Allow the Desire for Possessions Control You. “Owning things is an obsession
in our culture. If we own it, we feel we can control it; and if we can control it, we
feel it will give us more pleasure. The idea is an illusion.” – Richard Foster. If you
want to be in charge of your heart, don’t allow possessions to take charge of you.
Regard Money as a Resource. “Money is a wonderful servant but a terrible master. If
it gets on top and you get under it, you will become its slave.” – E. Stanley Jones
 Develop the Habit of Giving. Andrew Carnegie said that the life of a wealthy person
should have two periods: a time of acquiring wealth and one of redistributing it.
(“Gospel of Wealth”) “Just the very act of letting go of money, or some other
treasure, does something within us. It destroys the demon greed.” – Richard Foster.
If you’re enslaved by greed, you cannot lead
To improve your generosity, do
the following:

Give something away.

Put your money to work.
Find someone to mentor.
10. INITIATIVE: You Won’t
Leave Home Without It
 1. They Know What They Want. “The starting point of all achievement is
desire.” –Napoleon Hill.
 2. They Push Themselves to Act. “You can if you will.” “There is nothing
brilliant or outstanding in my record, except perhaps this one thing: I do
the things that I believe ought to be done…And when I make up my mind
to do a thing, I act.” – Theodore Roosevelt.
 3. They Take More Risks. “There are risks and costs to a program of
action, but they are far less than the long-range risks and costs of
comfortable inaction.” – John F. Kennedy.
 4. They Make More Mistakes. “The way to succeed is to double your
failure rate.” – Thomas J. Watson. “Only those who dare to fail greatly can
ever achieve greatly.” – Robert Kennedy.
To improve your initiative, do
the following:
Change your mind-set.
Don’t wait for
opportunity to knock.
Take the next step.
11. LISTENING: To Connect with
Their Hearts, Use Your Ears
 Keep your ear open to these people:
 1. Your followers . “Many a man would rather you heard his story
than granted his request.” – Philip Stanhope.
 2. Your customers . “Unhappy customers are always a concern.
They’re also your greatest opportunity.” – Bill Gates.
 3. Your competitors . “I remind myself every morning: nothing I
say this day will teach me anything. So if I’m going to learn, I
must do it by listening.” – Larry King.
 Your mentors
To improve your listening, do
the following:

Change your schedule.

Meet people on their
turf.
Listen between the lines
12. PASSION: Take This Life and Love It
Nothing can take the place of passion in a leader’s life
 Four truths about passion:
 1. Passion is the first step to achievement.
The stronger your fire, the greater the desire
— and the greater the potential.
 2.Passion increases your willpower
 3.Passion changes you
 4.Passion makes the impossible possible.
To increase your passion, do the
following:
 Take your temperature. Get an honest
assessment by querying several coworkers
and your spouse about your level of desire.
 Return to your first love. think back to
what really turned your crank. What could
you spend hours and hours doing?
 Associate with people of passion. Passion
is contagious.
13. POSITIVE ATTITUDE: If You
Believe You Can, You Can
 1. Your attitude is a choice. “The last of our human freedoms is to choose our
attitude in any given circumstances.” – Victor Frankl.
 2. Your attitude determines your actions. The winner’s edge is not in a gifted
birth, a high IQ, or in talent. The winner’s edge is all in the attitude, not
aptitude. Attitude is the criterion for success.” – Denis Waitley
 3. Your people are a mirror of your attitude. “If the only thing we leave our kids
is the quality of enthusiasm, we will have given them an estate of incalculable
value.” – Thomas Edison.
 4. Maintaining a good attitude is easier than regaining one. “Pity is one of the
noblest emotions available to human beings; self-pity is possibly the most
ignoble … [It is an incapacity, a crippling emotional disease that severely
distorts our perception of reality … a narcotic that leaves its addicts wasted and
derelict.” – Eugene Peterson in Earth and Altar .
To improve your attitude, do the
following:
 Feed yourself the right “food.” The more
negative you are, the longer it will take to
turn your attitude around. But if you
consume a steady diet of the right “food,”
you can become a positive thinker.
 Achieve a goal every day.
 Write it on your wall
14. PROBLEM SOLVING: You Can’t
Let Your Problems Be a Problem
 Leaders with good problem-solving ability demonstrate five qualities:
 1. They Anticipate Problems- If you have men who will come only if they
know there is a good road, I don’t want them. I want men who will come
even if there is no road at all.”
 2. They Accept the Truth . “In times like these it is good to remember that
there have always been times like these.” – Paul Harvey.
 3. They See the Big Picture . The majority see the obstacles; the few see
the objectives; history records the successes of the latter, while oblivion is
the road of the former.” – Alfred Armand Montapert.
 4. They Handle One Thing at a Time “Never try to solve all the problems
at once — make them line up for you one-by-one.” – Richard Sloma.
 5. They Handle One Thing at a Time “Never try to solve all the problems
at once — make them line up for you one-by-one.” – Richard Sloma.
To improve your problem solving, do
the following:
 Look for trouble. Don’t avoid problems, go
looking for them.
 Develop a method. Try using TEACH
 Time–spend time to discover the real issue.
 Exposure–find out what others have done.
 Assistance–have your team study all angles.
 Creativity–brainstorm multiple solutions.
 Hit it–implement the best solution.
 Surround yourself with problem solvers.
15. RELATIONSHIPS: If You Get
Along, They’ll Go Along
 1. Have a Leader’s Head — Understand People. The soft factor in
leadership — treating people differently — is your ability to adapt
your leadership style to the person you’re leading.
 2. Have a Leader’s Heart — Love People. “Strange is our situation
here upon earth. Each of us comes for a short visit, not knowing
why, yet sometimes seeming to divine a purpose. From the
standpoint of daily life, however, there is one thing we do know:
that man is here for the sake of other men.” – Albert Einstein
 3. Extend a Leader’s Hand — Help People. “The fields of industry
are strewn with the bones of those organizations whose
leadership became infested with dry rot, who believed in taking
instead of giving … who didn’t realize that the only assets that
could not be replaced easilywere the human ones.” – Le Roy H.
Kurtz of General Motors.
To improve your relationships, do the
following:
 Improve your mind. Read books, and spend time
observing people and talking to them to apply what
you’ve learned.
 Strengthen your heart. Don’t wait until you feel
like it to help others. Act your way into feeling.
 Repair a hurting relationship. Think of a valued long-
term relationship that has faded. Do what you can to
rebuild it. Get in touch with the person and try to
reconnect. If you had a falling out, take responsibility
for your part in it, and apologize. Try to better
understand, love, and serve that person
16. RESPONSIBILITY: If You Won’t Carry the
Ball, You Can’t Lead the Team
 1. They Get the Job Done . They think of themselves as
self-employed.
 2. They Are Willing to Go the Extra Mile.
 3. They Are Driven by Excellence. “Stress comes from doing
less than you can.” – Jim Rohn
 4. They Produce Regardless of the Situation. “It is priceless
to find a person who will take responsibility, who will finish
and follow through to the final detail — to know when
someone
 has accepted an assignment that it will be effectively,
conscientiously completed.” – Richard L. Evans in An Open
Road .
Gilbert Arland offers this advice: “When an archer misses the
mark he turns and looks for the fault within himself. Failure to hit
the bull’s-eye is never the fault of the target. To improve your
aim, improve yourself.”

 Keep hanging in there. Creativity can bring

responsibility to life.
 Admit what’s not good enough. Maybe you’ve
lowered your standards.
 Make changes to set higher standards.
 Find better tools. Do whatever it takes to
become better at what you do.
17. SECURITY: Competence Never
Compensates for Insecurity
 Insecure leaders are dangerous — to themselves, their followers, and the organizations
they lead — because a leadership position amplifies personal flaws. Whatever negative
baggage you have in life only gets more difficult to bear when you’re trying to lead
others.
 Insecure leaders have several common traits:
 1. They Don’t Provide Security for Others. “You cannot give what you do nothave.”
 2. They Take More from People than They Give .
 3. They Continually Limit Their Best People .
 4. They Continually Limit the Organization.

 To improve your security, do the following:

 Know yourself.
 Give away the credit.
 Get some help.
18. SELF- DISCIPLINE: The First
Person You Lead Is You
 If you want to become a leader for whom self-discipline is an asset, follow
these action points:
 1. Develop and Follow Your Priorities . “To do important tasks, two things are
necessary: a plan and not quite enough time.” – anonymous.
 2. Make a Disciplined Lifestyle Your Goal .
 3. Challenge Your Excuses . “Almost all our faults are more pardonable than
the methods we
think up to hide them.” – Francois La Rochefoucauld.
 4. Remove Rewards Until the Job Is Done . “Any business or industry that pays
equal rewards to its goof-offs and its eager-beavers sooner or later will find
itself with more goof-offs than eager-beavers.” – Mike Delaney.
 5. Stay Focused on Results .
To improve your self-discipline,
do the following:
Sort out your priorities.
List the reasons . Post the benefits of
practicing your disciplines where you
will see them daily.
Get rid of excuses . Don’t leave
yourself any reasons to quit.
19. SERVANTHOOD: To Get
Ahead, Put Others First
A true servant leader:
1. Puts Others Ahead of His Own Agenda.
2. Possesses the Confidence to Serve
3. Initiates Service to Others.
4. Is Not Position-Conscious.
5. Serves Out of Love.
To improve your servanthood,
do the following:
 Perform small acts. Start with those closest to you.
 Learn to walk slowly through the crowd. Make your agenda
getting to know each person’s needs, wants, and desires.
 Move into action . Begin serving with your body, and your
heart will eventually catch up. Keep at it until your heart
changes.
 Stop lording over people, and start listening to them.
 Stop role-playing for advancement, and start risking for
others’ benefit.
 Stop seeking your own way, and start serving others.
20. TEACHABILITY: To Keep
Leading, Keep Learning
Why should we keep growing?
Your growth determines who you are.
Who you are determines who you will
attract.
Who you attract determines the successes
of your organization.
Five guidelines to help you cultivate
and maintain a teachable attitude:
 1. Cure Your Destination Disease . “As long as you’re green, you’re
growing. As soon as you’re ripe, you start to rot.” – Ray Kroc.
 2. Overcome Your Success . If you have been successful in the past,
beware.
 3. Swear Off Shortcuts . “The longest distance between two points is a
shortcut.” – Nancy Dornan.
 4. Trade In Your Pride . “The greatest mistake one can make in life is to
be continually fearing you will make one.” – Elbert Hubbard. Emerson
wrote, “For everything you gain, you lose something.” To gain growth,
give up your pride.
 5. Never Pay Twice for the Same Mistake . “He who makes no mistakes
makes no progress.” – Teddy Roosevelt. That’s true. But the leader who
keeps making the same mistakes also makes no progress
To improve your teachability, do the
following:
 Observe how you react to mistakes. Do you
admit your mistakes? Do you apologize when
appropriate?
 Try something new. Challenges change us for
the better.
 Learn in your area of strength. Continuing to
learn in an area where you are already an
expert prevents you from becoming jaded and
unteachable.
21. VISION: You Can Seize Only
What You Can See
 To get a handle on vision and how it comes to be a part of
a good leader’s life, understand these things:
 1. Vision Starts Within .
 2. Vision Draws on Your History.
 3. Vision Meets Others’ Needs.
 4. Vision Helps You Gather Resources. Edwin Land the
founder of Polaroid, advised, “The first thing you do is
teach the person to feel that the vision is very important
and nearly impossible. That draws out the drive in
winners.”
To find the vision that is  To improve your vision, do the
indispensable to leadership, following:
you have to become a good  Measure yourself. Talk to several
listener. You key people, such as your
must listen to several voices. spouse, a close friend, and key
➢ The Inner Voice . employees, asking them to state
➢ The Unhappy Voice. what they think your vision is. If
Notice what doesn’t work. they can articulate it, then you
Discontent with the status quo are probably living it.
is a great
 Write it down .
catalyst for vision.
➢ The Successful Voice.  Do a gut check . What makes
➢ The Higher Voice. A truly you cry? What makes you
valuable vision must have God dream? What gives you energy?
in it.