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Intro To Robotics

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Intro To Robotics

Uploaded by

reese
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Robotics

John Harvie E. Romeroso


Robotics

• The intersection of science, engineering


and technology that produces machines,
called robots, that replicate or substitute
for human actions.
• An academic discipline of science and
technology related to all kinds of robots.
What is a Robot?

• A programmable machine that imitates


the actions or appearance of an
intelligent creature, usually a human.
• Programmable machine that can complete
a task.
What is a Robot?

• According to The Oxford English


Dictionary:
• “A machine capable of carrying out a
complex series of actions automatically,
especially one programmable by a
computer.”
Robots: Characteristics
Robots: Characteristics

• Robots consist of some sort of mechanical


construction
• The mechanical aspect of a robot helps it
complete tasks in the environment for
which it’s designed.
Robots: Characteristics

Photo Credit: https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/rover/wheels/


Robots: Characteristics

• Robots need electrical components that


control and power the machinery.
• An electric current — a battery, for
example — is needed to power a large
majority of robots.
Robots: Characteristics

• Robots contain at least some level of


computer programming.
• Inserting a program into a robot gives it
the ability to know when and how to
carry out a task.
Robots: Characteristics

Photo Credit:
https://www.vexrobotics.com/vexcode?___store=vexroboticsap&___from Photo Credit: https://robodk.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/RoboDK-Python-Robot-Programming.png
_store=vexrobotics
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Pre-Programmed Robots

• Operate in a controlled environment


where they do simple, monotonous
tasks.
• Example: mechanical arm on an
automotive assembly line
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Humanoid Robots

• Robots that look like or mimic human


behavior.
• Usually perform human-like activities (like
running, jumping and carrying objects),
and are sometimes designed to look like
us, even having human faces and
expressions.
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Autonomous Robots

• Operate independently of human


operators.
• Usually designed to carry out tasks in
open environments that do not require
human supervision.
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Teleoperated Robots

• Semi-autonomous bots that use a


wireless network to enable human
control from a safe distance.
• Usually work in extreme geographical
conditions, weather and circumstances.
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Augmenting Robots

• Also known as VR robots, either


enhance current human capabilities or
replace the capabilities a human may
have lost.
• Some examples of augmenting robots
are robotic prosthetic limbs.
Types of Robots

• Educational Robots

• Robots used extensively in schools, both in


classrooms and in extracurricular
activities.
• Enable students of all ages to become
familiar with and deepen their knowledge
of robotics and programming, while
learning other cognitive skills.
Types of Robots

• Educational Robots

• Pre-Assembled Mobile Robots


• Relatively inexpensive, robust and contain
a large number of sensors and output
components such as lights.
• Cannot be modified.
Types of Robots
Types of Robots

• Educational Robots

• Robotics Kit
• A kit consists of standard LEGO® bricks
and other building components, together
with motors and sensors, and a
programmable brick which contains the
computer that controls the components of
the robot.
Types of Robots
Types of Robots
Robots: Components
Robots: Components

• Control System

• Includes all of the components that make


up a robot’s central processing unit.
• Manages commands, directs or regulates
the movement and function of various
parts of the robot to achieve a desired
result.
Robots: Components

• Control System

• Programmed to tell a robot how to utilize


its specific components, similar in some
ways to how the human brain sends
signals throughout the body, in order to
complete a specific task.
Robots: Components

• Control System
Robots: Components

• Sensors

• Give the robots the awareness of its


environment or surroundings and other
important information.
• Common sensors are video cameras,
photoresistors, and microphones.
Robots: Components

• Sensors

• Provide a robot with stimuli in the form


of electrical signals that are processed by
the controller and allow the robot to
interact with the outside world.
Robots: Components

• Sensors

• It feed details like sizes, shapes, space


between objects, direction etc. to the
controller which processes them and sends
back the control signal making necessary
changes, to activate the actuators to
enable appropriate movements of the
robot.
Robots: Components
Robots: Components

• Actuators

• These components are made up of motors


that receive signals from the control
system and move in tandem to carry out
the movement necessary to complete the
assigned task.
Robots: Components

• Actuators

• The source of energy which the actuators


require to create motion is usually
electricity, hydraulic fluid or pneumatic
pressure.
Robots: Components
Robots: Components

• Power Supply

• Robots require power to function.


• AC power through a wall outlet, or
internal battery.
• Potential power sources are pneumatic
power from compressed gasses, solar
power, hydraulic power.
Robots: Components
Robots: Components

• End Effectors

• The physical, typically external


components that allow robots to finish
carrying out their tasks.
Robots: Components
Robots: Components
Robots: Components
End
John Harvie E. Romeroso

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