INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1920-5
Second edition
2018-06
Testing of concrete —
Part 5:
Density and water penetration depth
Essais du béton —
Partie 5: Caractéristiques du béton durci autres que la résistance
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ISO 1920-5:2018
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Reference number
ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
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ISO 1920-5:2018
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Determination of density of hardened concrete.................................................................................................................. 1
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
4.2 Apparatus..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 Test specimens......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4 Procedures................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4.2 Mass of as‑received specimen............................................................................................................................... 2
4.4.3 Mass of water‑saturated specimen................................................................................................................... 3
4.4.4 Mass of oven‑dried specimen................................................................................................................................ 3
4.4.5 Volume obtained by water displacement.................................................................................................... 3
4.4.6 Volume, using actual measurements............................................................................................................... 4
4.4.7 Volume, using checked designated dimensions..................................................................................... 4
4.4.8 Test result................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
5 Determination of water penetration under pressure..................................................................................................... 6
5.1 Principle......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3
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5.2 Apparatus..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Test specimen............................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
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5.4 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.4.1 Preparation and conditioning of the test specimen........................................................................... 8
5.4.2 Application of water ISOpressure
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Examination of specimen.......................................................................................................................................... 8
5.5 Test result.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
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6 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
6.2 Test report for density....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.3 Test report for water penetration depth........................................................................................................................ 10
Annex A (informative) Precision for the method of determination of the density............................................11
Annex B (informative) Example of test reports.......................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods ISOfor concrete.
1920-5:2018
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1920-5:2004), which has been technically
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revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— density of irregular shape specimens can also be determined using this document;
— as-received, saturated or oven-dried specimens (cast in laboratory or cores extracted from sites)
can be tested for the determination of water penetration under pressure using this document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 1920 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
Testing of concrete —
Part 5:
Density and water penetration depth
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for testing the density and depth of water penetration of hardened
concrete.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete — Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
b4cd7ff731df/iso-1920-5-2018
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
density
ratio of the mass of a given quantity of hardened concrete to its volume
Note 1 to entry: The density is expressed in kilograms per cubic metre.
4 Determination of density of hardened concrete
4.1 General
This test method is applicable to lightweight, normal‑weight and heavy‑weight concrete.
It differentiates between hardened concrete in the following states:
— as‑received;
— saturated;
— oven‑dried.
The mass and the volume of the specimen of hardened concrete are determined and the density
calculated.
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Callipers and rules, capable of determining the dimensions of a specimen to within ±0,5 %.
4.2.2 Balance, equipped with a stirrup for weighing the specimen in both air and water to an accuracy
of 0,1 % of the mass (see Figure 1).
4.2.3 Water tank, fitted with a device to maintain the water at a constant level and of sufficient size to
allow the specimen on the stirrup to be fully immersed to constant depth (see Figure 1).
4.2.4 Ventilated oven, for which the temperature can be maintained at 105 °C ± 5 °C.
4.3 Test specimens
The minimum volume of a specimen shall be 1 l. If the nominal maximum aggregate size exceeds 25 mm,
the minimum volume of the specimen, in cubic millimetres, shall be not less than 50D3, where D is the
nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate.
Normally, the entire specimen as-received should be used for the determination of the density.
If the shape or size of a specimen is such that it is not possible to use all of it, a smaller specimen,
conforming to the requirements given above, may be sawn from the original.
4.4 Procedures iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
4.4.1 General
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ISO 1920-5:2018
4.4.1.1 Calibration of the apparatus
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The apparatus used shall be in calibration at time of use. The balance, the device for weighing specimens
in water and the oven should be calibrated at least once per year.
4.4.1.2 Determination of mass
This document permits three conditions under which the mass of a specimen can be determined:
a) as‑received;
b) water‑saturated;
c) oven‑dried.
4.4.1.3 Determination of volume
This document permits three methods for determining the volume of the specimen:
a) by water displacement (reference method);
b) by calculation, using actual measurements;
c) for cubes, by calculation, using checked designated dimensions.
4.4.2 Mass of as‑received specimen
Weigh the as‑received specimen, to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen.
Record the value, expressed in kilograms, as mr.
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
4.4.3 Mass of water‑saturated specimen
Immerse the specimen in water at 20 °C ± 2 °C until the mass changes by less than 0,2 % in 24 h. Before
each weighing, wipe the surplus water from the surface using a moist cloth.
Specimens of normal‑weight concrete cured in water continuously for at least 72 h prior to testing may
be assumed to satisfy this requirement.
Record the value, expressed in kilograms, of saturated mass as ms.
NOTE In hot climate locations, the conditions can be different. In this case, alternative temperature of 27 °C
± 2 °C can be included.
4.4.4 Mass of oven‑dried specimen
Dry the specimen in a ventilated oven at 105 °C ± 5 °C until the mass changes by less than 0,2 % in 24 h.
Before each weighing, cool the specimen to near room temperature in a dry airtight vessel or desiccator.
Record the value, expressed in kilograms, of the oven‑dried mass as mo.
4.4.5 Volume obtained by water displacement
4.4.5.1 General
This method is suitable for specimens of all shapes and is the only method suitable for specimens of
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irregular shape.
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The specimen shall be in a saturated condition.
This method is not suitable for specimens of no‑fines concrete, concrete made with lightweight
ISO 1920-5:2018
aggregate that floats in water, concrete with large pores, or specimens the moisture content of which is
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not to be altered. However, if an impermeable layer is applied to the specimen, this method may be used.
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4.4.5.2 Mass in water
Allow the hydrostatic device of the balance to reach equilibrium. Ensure that the empty stirrup hanging
from the balance is completely immersed in the water tank and that the stirrup is not touching the
bottom of the tank.
Record the depth of the immersion of the stirrup and the apparent mass, in kilograms, of the stirrup as
mst .
Place the specimen in the stirrup and fully immerse in water to the same depth as the empty stirrup.
Take care to avoid trapping air bubbles on the sides of the sample and on the stirrup.
Weigh the completely immersed specimen and stirrup. Record (mst + mw), the apparent mass, in
kilograms.
4.4.5.3 Mass in air
Remove the specimen from the stirrup, and wipe the surplus water from the surfaces using a damp
cloth. Weigh the specimen on the balance.
Record the mass, in kilograms, of the specimen in air as ma.
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
4.4.5.4 Calculation of volume
Calculate the volume of the specimen using Formula (1):
ma − ( mst + mw ) − mst
V= (1)
ρw
where
V is the volume, in cubic metres, of the specimen;
ma is the mass, in kilograms, of the specimen in air;
mst is the apparent mass, in kilograms, of the immersed stirrup;
mw is the apparent mass, in kilograms, of the immersed specimen;
ρw is the density of water, in kilograms per cubic metre, at 20 °C, taken as 998 kg/m3.
NOTE 1 In hot climate locations, conditions can be different. In this case, the density of water can be specified
at 27 °C, and the value can be taken accordingly as 997 kg/m3.
NOTE 2 For irregular shape specimens, a volume measurement by water displacement can be applied by
means of an appropriate calibrated vessel.
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Volume, using actual measurements
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Only undamaged, prismatic, or cylindrical specimens shall be used for the calculation of volume.
Where there is no documentation to show that a specimen has been cast in a calibrated mould, each
ISO 1920-5:2018
dimension shall be measured in accordance with ISO 1920-3.
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taken and recorded for each dimension shall be used to
calculate the volume, V, in cubic metres, of the specimen, rounded to four significant figures.
4.4.7 Volume, using checked designated dimensions
Only undamaged, prismatic, or cylindrical specimens shall be used for the calculation of volume.
Where specimens have documentation to show that they have been made in calibrated moulds
(see ISO 1920-3), it shall be necessary only to check that each dimension is within ±0,5 % of the
designated size.
The volume, V, of the specimen shall be calculated from the designated dimensions, and expressed in
cubic metres, rounded to four significant figures.
NOTE Undamaged specimens are free of any cracks or segregation traces.
4.4.8 Test result
Calculate the density using the value determined for the mass of specimen and its volume, using
Formula (2):
m
D= (2)
V
where
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
D is the density, in kilograms per cubic metre, related to the condition of the specimen and the
method of determining the volume;
m is the mass, in kilograms, of the specimen in its condition at the time of test;
V is the volume, in cubic metres, determined by the particular method.
Report the condition of the specimen at the time of test (see 4.4.1.2) and the method used for determining
the volume of the specimen (see 4.4.1.3).
Express the result of the density determination to the nearest 10 kg/m3.
NOTE Refer to Annex A with regard to the precision for the method of determination of the density.
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a) Stirrup suspended beneath the balance b) Alternate form of stirrup suspended above the
mechanism balance mechanism
Key
1 balance
2 stirrup
3 concrete specimen
4 guide
a Water tank is moved vertically.
Figure 1 — Typical stirrup arrangement for the determination of the volume of concrete
specimens by water displacement
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
5 Determination of water penetration under pressure
5.1 Principle
The method determines the depth of penetration of water under pressure in hardened concrete that has
been water‑cured, as-received, saturated or oven dried (cast in laboratory or cores extracted from sites).
Water is applied under pressure to the surface of hardened concrete. The specimen is then split and the
depth of penetration of the water front is recorded and measured.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Testing equipment, which shall consist of any equipment in which the test specimen, of
given dimensions, is placed in such a manner that the water pressure can act on the test area and the
continuously pressure applied displayed.
An example of a test arrangement is shown in Figure 2.
It is preferable that the apparatus allow the other faces of the test specimen to be observed.
The water pressure may be applied to the surface of the test specimen either from the bottom or the top.
A suitable seal, made of rubber or other similar material, shall be used to provide the necessary sealing.
The dimension of the test area shall be approximately half of the length of the edge or diameter of the
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ISO 1920-5:2018(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 packing piece 4 screw-threaded rod
2 sealing ring 5 water under pressure
3 screwed on plate
Figure 2 — Example of test arrangement
5.2.2 Wire brush. A hand tool consisting of bristles made of wire, most often steel wire, and a handle.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 7
