Representantes:

- -- C. A. INDUESCA
~ Apartado 70528 - Telex 24772
Av. Francisco de Miranda
Edif. Laino, Ofic. 31, Campo Alegre
CARACAS 1060 - Venezuela
TELFS.: (02)32.80.96 - 33.96.91
32.31.92 - 32.23-.62
(051) 51.49.24.51.81.43
 ENGINEERING DEPENDABLE PROTECTION - PART I
A SIMPLE APPROACH TO ·SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS"

This Handbook is one of a series prepared to

help in the Engineering of Dependable Protec-
tion for Electrical Distributing Systems.

INDEX
PAGE
Why Short-Circuit Calculations................ . . 3
Interrupting Capacity and the Short-Clrcuit Current. . 3
Short-Circuit Current Calculations . 4
3 ~ Short-Circuit Calculation - Ohmic Method Procedure . 6
3~ Short-Circuit Calculation - Per-Unit Method Procedure . 12
Per-Unit Method Procedure Made' Simple - Use of Constants . 18
Index to Tables - Use of Constants . 18
Table A - Utility Short-Circuit KV A - P.U.X . 19
Table B - Transformer Impedance Multipliers . 19
Table C - Component Impedance Multipliers . 20
Table D - Symmetrical RMS Short-Circuit Current Formulas . 20
Per-Unit Method - Use of Constants . 21
Dou ble Transformation Per-U nit Method . 23
1 g Short-Circuit Calculation on 1 % Transformer System . 26
Effect of Low Available Utility KV A . 32
General Discussions of Short-Circuit Calculations . 34
Data Section . 35
Index to Data Section . 35
Table 1 - Transformer Impedance Data . 36
Table 2 - Current Transformer Reactance Data . 36
Table 3 - Disconnecting Switch Reactance Data . 37
Table 4 - Circuit Breaker Reactance Data . 37
Table 5 - Copper Cable Impedance Data . 38
. Table 6 - Aluminum Cable Impedance Data . 39
Table 7 - Busway Impedance Data . 40
Table 8 - AsymmetricaIFactors . 40
Selective Systems . 42
BUSS Fuse Symbols, Trade Marks, Classes and
Interrupting Ratings.................................... Back Cover

Registered Trade Marks of the

Bussmann Mfg. Division, McGraw-EdisonCo.
ACTUATOR FUSETRON*
BUSS LlMITRON"
HI-CAP .
LOW-PEAK MOTORTRON
. FUSTAT RENEWATRON*
SUPER-LAG
TRON* .
SAFETY -VAL VE.
ELECTRICITY'S SAFETY VALVE *THE "TRON FAMILY"
BUSS Fuses and design

-2-
 WHV SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS?
¡-'",'t.

The protection for an electrical svstem should not orilv be safe under
all service conditions but, to irisure continuitx yf service, it should be
selecrive as well~.A.sdective system is one \~he?-¡¡ñ o nly the faulted circuir
is isC;-lat~¿r\~,'irhbti~~disturbing any other part of the sysrern. Overcurrenr
protectio n devices should also pro vide short-circuit as wel] as low o ver-
current protectio n for system components, such as bus, wire, motor
controllers, ete. ' " ~ lo''':- ,tll_'
p.¡J-i.¡J,'.rv'
T o obtain safe, seleS1ti~J)operatio n and assure rhat system cornponenrs
are protected from danúge, we must first calculare the availahle faulV /) J-v'tA- :-ú/,,; . .)
current at various points in O~H e\ectrical systern. d.0,:-,.:--;""" ..{ 7
VNO .~( "" ·fi.~:~_.",Cv") '.....
i·u ..1"""""

, Once the short-circuit leve\s are determined, we can specify proper

interrupting requirernents, selectivelv coordinate our system and provide
r~
com ponent protectlon.
r
""':--")
~Át.
, r
"':J.l,.~/!/-:-::~I1.C.~":'f
l., ! '_' • ',' _. ~

INTERRUPTING CAPACITV
ANO THE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT
To begin, ler's discuss interrupting capacitv, Interrupting capacity can
be defined as "the rnaximurn shorr-circuit current rhat a protective device
can safe\y c1ear.'UJ,}. ir. ;;).v¡~/' -1! d?
f/ /

The 1978 National Electrical Code requires adequate interrupting

capacity in Sections 110-9 and 230-98.
Section 110-9. Interrupting Rating. Equiprnent intended to break
current at fault levels shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for
the system voltage and the current which is available ar rhe line ter-
minals of the equipment.
p.kvV~
Equiprnent intended to break current at orher than faulr leve1s shall
have an interrupring rating at system voltage sufficient for the current thar
must be interrupted.

d Section 230-98. A vailable Short-Circuit Current. Service equipment

y :.t shall be suitable for the short circuit current available at its supply
";\G',,L terminals. I ÚYl~"v'l..y". ''-'',1.-0 J
. V l', ,~}¡,.U~ c.<q·
y~ ~... I -- "
-,.) ,....e; - Therefore, the first step is to determine rhe fault current leve1s of the
,,~ system. An electric fault is usually an asymmetrical current thar may be
broken down into symmetrical (steady stare) and transient cornponents. A
diagrarn of a typical fault broken down into its cornpo nents is shown below .

.-
Z
~ ~+---~+-~~--;1--~~--+r--~----~--~--~~--l----\~
a:
:::>
U

TIME
1.•.-- Asymmetrical Current Ir -- Transient Component
15 -- Symmetrical Component

-3-
 '\.) r

... "

o ,

.~' '1

The rms value of the symmetricai component may be dete~mined using Ohm's Law. To determine
ttansient component, it is necessary to know the XjR rario of the system. T o obtain the XjR
rano the total ~esistance and total reactance of the circt1tHo rhe point of fault must be determined. .

Low voltage fuses have their interrupting capacity

expressed in terms of the symmetrical corn-
ponent of short-círcuir current. They are given an rms
symmetrical interrupting rating. This means
at the fuse can interrupt any asymmetrical current associated with this raring. Thus, only the
symrnetrical component of short-circuit current need be considered to q.etermine the\ necessary
. terrupting rating of a low voltage fuse. . , "'f"'.' .\ ,,;.~(...¡Y
. ti' r \1';.' ,<'~
Some system components (busway, circuit breakers, etc.), however, have a limited asymmetrical
rating, therefore, both, the symmetrical and the asyrnmetrical short-circuit currents should be
c.alculated. r:{''.:'~~

Section 240-60 and 240-83 of the National Electrical Code cover the requirements for
marking the interrupting capacitv on fuses and circuit breakers. See back cover for BUSS
Fase interrupting capacities.
,

Section 240-60. Part (c) Marking.

Fuses shall be plainly marked, either by printing on the fuse barre! or by alabe! attached to the
barre~, showing the following: ... (3) interrupting rating where other than 10,000 amperes, ...

Section 240-83. Markjng, Part (C) Interrupting Rating.

Every circuit breaker having an interrupting rating other than 5000 arnperes shall ha ve its
interrupting rating shown on.the circuit breaker.
l
¡""".Iu·¡-.r
~._~.I"' I /

To be able to determine the fault current at any point in the system, we need to first draw a one-
line díagram showing all of the sources of short-círcuit current feeding into the fault, as well as the
impedances furnished by the circuit components.

The impedances may be represented by ohms, percent ohms or per-unit ohms. The ohmic
method and then the per-unit method is used in the study of three phase faults and single phase faults
on typical distribution systems. An arbirrarv kva base and the system voltage are selected as base
values for the per-unit method.

To make the study, the system components, including those of the urilitv system, are represented
as impedances in the diagram, ...

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT CALCULATIONS

Consider the following system, supplied by a 1000 KV A, three phase transforrner having a full
load current of 2400 amperes at 240 volts. (See System-A, next page.)

To start, we must obtain the available short-circuit KV A frorn the local urility company.
1 .IJ'/"':·V·
,.¡,., s-:
The utiliry estimates that their system can deliv~r a short-circuit of 100,000 KV A (100 MVA)
at the transformer. Since the XjR ratio of the utilitv system is usually quite high, only the reactance
need be considered. !/.
c71g~¿.i(" ".v¡-·)t Y'i' __ ¿L/- t:

With this available short-circuit fault information, we can begin to make the necessary
calculations to determine the fault current at anv point in the e!ectrical system. .

We can use an ohmic method, a per-unit method, or a percent method for calcularing short-
circuit current. In this text we will examine the ohmic and per-unit methods. The first method
presented is the ohmic method.

-4-
 SYSTEM A

Available
Utility
S.C. KVA
100,000

1000 KVA Transformer

240V, 30, 5.1%X, .89%R

25' -750 MCM IF.L. = 2400 Arnps

3 Per Phase
Utility Service
Drop Cable
- 3000 A. Switch

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fuse

Main Swb'd.
---+---~-
~ FaultX,
- 400 A. Switch

LPN 350 or LPN-R 350 Arnp Fuse

50' 500 MCM

Feeder Cable

Fault X2 ~ MCC No. 1

---b~-~¿----~--~--~--
{ { {
+- LPN 60 or LPN-R 60 Amp Fuse

Note: The above 1000 KVA !ransformer serves 100% motor load.

-5-
 316 SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATION
OHMIC METHOD PROCEDURE

Most circuit component impedances are given in ohms except . r:

utility and transformer impedances which are found by the following J /)'./' él .. Ü

formulae": (Note that the transformer and utilirv ohms are referred
to the secondary KV by squaring the secondary voltage.)

Step 1. t 1000 (secondary KV)2

Utility X (in ohms) = -------
(Utility S.C. KV A)

Step 2. (10)(%X)(secondary KV)2

Transformer X (in ohms)
Transformer KV A

(10)(%R)(secondary KV)2
Transformer R (in ohms)
Transformer KV A

Step 3. The impedance (in ohms) given for current transformers,

large switches and large circuit breakers is essentially
all X.

Step 4. Cable and bus X (in ohms).

Cable and bus R (in ohms).

Step 5. Total al! X and al! R in system to point of fault.

Step 6. Determine impedance (in ohms) of the system by:

ZT = vi (RT)2 + (XT)21

Step 7. Calculate short-circuit symmetrical rms amperes at the

point of fault.
(Secondary Une Voltage)
Is.c. rms sym v'3' (ZT)

*For simplicity of calculations all ohmic values are single phase distance one wa'J...
later compensated for in the three phase short- circuit formula by the factor, Va'·
(See Step 7.)
tOnly X is considered in this procedure since utility X/R ratios are usually quite
high. For more finite details obtain R of utility source.

-6-
 ! .e
.• -C.' (,'
',;"'\ ...;W
y ,í
\ ! .

\
Step 8. Determin~ the motor load. Add up the full load motor
\ -
currents. ,he full load motor current in the system is
generally a ~ercentage of the fránsforrner fullload current,
depending upon the type of load. (The generally accepted
procedure assumes 50% motor load when both motor and
lighting loads are considered, such as supplied by 4 wire,
120/208 and 277/480 volt 3-phase sys~e~> 1 a (,? /
Step 9. The short-circuitcurrentthatthe motor load can contribute
~e:.>." 7: . -:-rc;
is an asyml1l.e¿üc¡fÁ.surrentusually approximated as bei.ng
equal to the lócl{'ed[otor current of the motors. * As a close
lZ,U"'« v¡:';. " .
approximatión wíth a margin of safety use:
Asym Motor Contribution* = 5 x (Fullload motor current)
Step 10. The symmetrical motor contribution can be approximated
by using the a~'Ef~~ª~Oasymmetryfactor associated with : s/>
",ncc<j
the motors in the system. This asymmetry factor varies /.'.{-o I
~t
according to motor design and in this text may be chosen 'i'&L<
as 1.25for approximate calculation purposes. To solve for './.. IOIJ"- .,f .r"
. I t .b ti ~L{ 7 ..,. '....L .
t h e syrnmetrica mo orocontri u Ion: .
(Asym Motor Contribution)
S ym Motor Contribution* = "--.....:...----------:
1.25
Step 11. The total symmetrical short-circuit rms current is
calculated as:
tTotal Is.c. rms sym = (Is.c. rms sym) + (Sym Motor Contribution)

Step 12. Determine X/R ratio of the system to the point of fault.
Total X (Ohms)
X/R ratio = ------
Total R (Ohms)
Step 13. The asymmetrical factor corresponding to the X/R ratio in
Step 12 is found i.nJable 8, Column Mm' This multiplier
will provide the ~st case asymmetry occuring in the first
X cycle. Where the average 3-phase multiplier is desired
use column Ma.

Step 14. Calculate the asymmetrical rms short-circuit current.

Is.c. asym rms = (Is.c. rms sym) x (Asymmetrical Factor)

Step 15. The total asymmetrical short-circuit rms current is

calculated as:
t Total Is.c. asym rms = (Is.c. asym rms) + (Asym Motor Contribution)
1-,'-t \,\6"7

* A more exact determinafion depends upon the sub-transient re'actances 01the

motors in question and associated circuit impedances. A less conservative
method would involve the total motor circuit impedance to a common bus
(sometimes referred to asa "zero reactance bus") and proceed there-Irom.

tArithmetical addition results in conservative values 01 lault current. More linite

values involve vectoral addition 01 the currents.

NOTE: Al! 01 the ohms 01 the circuit components must be relerred to the same
voltage. If there is more than one voltage translormation in the system,
the ohmic method becomes more complicated. It is recommended that
the per-unit method be u~ed lor ease in calculation when more than one
voltage translormation ex\sts in the system. See page 23.

\-7-
"J--0.rv
""
 ::¡

OHM-IC METHOD
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO F4..ULT Xl-SYSTEM-A

SYSTEM CORRESPONDING
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM

Available
Utility -+
S.C. KVA
100,000

1000 KV A Transformer
+- 240 V, 3.0, 5.1% X,O.89% R
r"V"","" IF.l.= 2400 Amps.

25' - 750 MCM

3 Per Phase ....-.
Utility Service
Drop Cable

+-- 3000 A. Switch ---+-

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fuse

--.-- ----L.--~-_~_ ~~L--.-X-

\:..Fault XI

-8-
 OHMIC METHOD
3 t'6 SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCU.'-ATION - FAULT Xl

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM

R X
100,000 KVA 1000 (.240)2
Source X = = .000575 .000575
100,000

1000 KV A (10) (5.1) (.240)2

Transformer X = = .002940 .002940
5.1% X 1000
.89% R
10 (.89) (.240)2
(Table 1)
R = = .000512
Page 36 .000512
1000

25' -750 MCM Table 5) 25' .0356

( Page 38 X = 1000' x -3- = .000300 .000300
3 Per Phase
Service Drop
Cable
(Table 5) R= ~ .0194 = 000162 .000162
Page 38 1000' x 3 .

3000A. (Table 3)
Page 37
X = .000040 .000040
Switch

--...-- ••••....•--~ '- Fault XI Total R and Total X = .000674 .003855

Total Z = y'(.000674)2 + (.003855)21= .00392 Ohms Per Phase

M
Motor 240
Contribution S.C. Sym RMS Amps = y'31(.00392) = 35,300 Amps.

Asym Motor Contribution (100% Motor Load) ~ 5 x 2400 = 12,000 Amps.

12,000
Sym Motor Contribution = -- = 9600 Amps.
1.25
Total S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault X,) = 35,300 + 9,600 = 44,900 Amps .
.003855
X¡R Ratio = -- = 5.72
.000674

Asym Factor" = 1 . 290 (Table

Page 40
8)

S.C. Asym RMS Amps = 1.290 x 35,300 = 45,500 Amps.

Total S.C. Asym RMS Amps (Fault XI) = 45,500 + 12,000 = 57,500 Amps.

NOTE: See Ohmic Method Procedure for Formulas.

*Multiplier tor maximum one-phase rms amperes at y. cycle.

-9-
 OHMIC METHOD-Con't.
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO FAULT X2 - SYSTEM-A

Available
Utility ~
S.C. KVA
100,000

--=r
1000 KVA Transformer
240 V, 30, 5.1% X, 0.89% R
IF.L.= 2400 Amps

25' -
3 Per 750 MCM
Phase .
Utility Service
Drop Cable

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fuse

----t---~--
'-- Fault X,

+-- 400 A. Switch

LPN 350 or LPN-R 350 Amp Fuse

50' 500 MCM

Feeder Cable
(J U))\.{ ! -,10... r{ ¡J'7

~ Motor Contribution

-10-

1
 OHMIC METHOD - Con 't.
3 Jl$SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION - F'AULT X2

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM

R X

Adjusted x= .003855 .003855

Impedance
to
Fault XI
R = .000674 .000674

-t---X-
400A
.000080
Switch

50' (Table 5) X= ~ x .0466 = .00233 .002330

Page 38 1000'
500 MCM
Feeder
Cable
Table5)
( Page 38
R 50' .001470
= 1000' x .0294 = .00147

Total R and Total X = .002144 .006265

M
Motor
Contribution Total Z = y'(.002144)2 + (.006265)21= .00662 Ohms Per Phase

240
S.C. Sym RMS Amps = yI31(.00662) = 20,930 Amps.

Asym Motor Contribution (100%) = 5 x 2400 = 12,000 Amps.]

12,000
Sym Motor Contribution = 1.25 = 9600 Arnps.]
Total S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault X.) = 20,930 + 9600 = 30,530 Amps .
.006265
X¡R Ratio = = 2.92
.002144
Asym Factor* = 1112
•
(Table8)
Page 41

S.C. Asym RMS Amps = 1.112 x 20,930 = 23,310 Amps.

Total S.C. Asym RMS Amps (Fault X.) = 23,310 + 12,000 = 35,310 Amps.

NOTE: See Ohmic Method Procedure for Formulas.

t Actual motor contribution will be somewhat smaller than calculated due to the
impedance of the feeder cable.
*Multiplier tor maximum one-phase rms amperes at y. cycle.

-11-
 3 e SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION
PER-UNIT METHOD ,PROCEDURE*

The per-unit method is generally used for calculating short-circuit

currents where the electrical system is more complex than our
simple example. • '..Z"- ~./) L~;o
'>; After establishing a o ne-line diagrarn of the system, we proceed to the
following calculations: **

Base KVA
Step 1. Utility per-unit Xt = ------
Utility S.C. KV A

(%X) (Base KV A)
Step 2. Transformer per-unit X = ----------
(100) (Transformer KV A)

(%R) (Base KV A)
Transformer per-unit R = ----------
(100) (Transformer KV A)

(Ohm X) (Base KV A)
Step 3. Component per-unit X =
(Cable, Switches, CT, Bus) (1000) (KV)2

(Ohm R) (Base KV A)
Step 4. Component per-unit R =
(Cable, Switches, CT, Bus) (1000) (KV) 2

Step 5." Next, total al! per-unit X and all per-unit R in system to
point of fault.

Step 6. Determine the per-unit impedance of the system by:

Per-Unit ZT = V'(P.U.RT)2 + (P.U.XT)2\

Step 7. Calculate the symmetrical rms short-circuit current at the

point of fault.
BaseKVA
Is,c. rms sym =

*The base KVA used throughout this text will be 10,000 KVA.
** As in the ohmic method procedure, all ohmic values are single-phase distance
one way, later compensated for in the three phase short-circuit formula by the
va'.
factor, (See Step 1.)
tOnly per-unit X is considered in this procedure since utility X/R ratio is usually
quite high. For more finite details obtain per-unit R of utility source.

-12-
 Step 8. Determine the motor load. Add up the full !oad motor
currents. (Whenever motor and lighting :1oads are con-
sidered, such as supplied by 4 wire, 120/208 and 277/480
volt3 phase systems, the generally accepted procedure is
to assume 50% motor load based on the full load current
rating of the transformer.)

Step 9. The short-circuit current that the motor load can

contribute is an asymmetrical current usually approximated
as being equal to the locked rotor current of the motors. *
As a close approximation with a margin of safety use:
Asym Motor Contribution* = 5 x (Full load motor current)

Step 10. The symmetrical motor contribution can be approximafed

by using the average asymmetry factor associated with
the motors in the system. This asymmetry factor varies
according to motor design and in this text may be chosen
as 1.25for approximate calculation purposes. To salve for
the symmetrical motor contribution:

Sym 1\"/1 otor Contri .b ution

. *( =-z.A---,sy~m_M_o_t...:.o_r....:C....:o_n...:.t_ri_b_ut_io
__n...:.)
1.25

Step 11. The total symmetrical short-circuit rms current is cal-

culated as :

t Total Is.c. rms sym = (Is.c. rms sym) + (Sym Motor Contribution)

Step 12. Determine X/R ratlo of the system to the point of fault.
P.U,XT
XiR ratio = ---'-
P.U.RT

Step 13. From Table (8), Column Mm' obtain the asymmetrical
factor corres pon di ng to the X/R ratio determi ned in Step 12.
This multiplier will provide the worst case asymmetry
occurring in the first X cycle. Where the average 3-phase
multiplier is desired use column M .
a

Step 14. The asymmetrical rms short-circuit current can be

calculated as:
Is.c. asym rms = (Is.c. rms sym) x (Asymmetrical Factor)

Step 15. The total asymmetrical shorí-circuit rms current is

calculated as:

t Total Is.c. asym rms = (Is.c. asym rms) + (Asym Motor Contribution)

.•A more exact determinaticn depends upon the sub-transient reactances of the
motors in question and associated circuit impedances. A less conservative
method would involve the total motor circuit impedance to a cornmon bus
(sometimes referred to as a "zer o reactance bus") and proceed there-from.

tArithmetical addition results in conservative values of fault current. More finite

values involve vectoral addition of the currents.

-13-
 PER UNIT MJ;THOD
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO FAULT Xl- SYSTEM-A

Available
Utility
S.C. KVA
100,000

--=r
1000 KV A Transformer
240 V, 3.0, 5.1% X, 0.89% R
IF.l.= 2400 Amps

25' - 750 MCM

3 Per Phase
Utility Service
Drop Cable
4- 3000 A. Switch

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fuse

--,r---------'----..--* .•
""-- Fault X,

Motor Contribution

-14-
 PER UNIT METHOD
3 _ SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT Xl
10,000 KV A Base
IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM
P.U.R. P.U.X

100,000 KVA 10,000

Source P.U.X = = .1000 .1000 /

100,000

(5.1) (10,000)
P.U.X = = .5100 .5100
1000 KVA (100) (1000)
Transformer
5.1% X (.89) (10,000)
.89% R P.U.R = = .0890 .0890
(100) (1000)

(.0003)t(10,OOO)
25' P.U.X = = .0520 .0520
(1000) (.240) 2
750 MCM
3/Phase
Service (.00016)t (10,000)
Drop Cable P.U.R = = .0281 .0281
(1000) (.240)2

(.00004) (10,000)
3000 A.
Switch P.U.X = = .0069 .0069
(1000) (.240)2

Total P.U.R and P.U.X = .1171 .6689

Total P.U.Z = .1(.1171)2 + (.6689)21 = .6800

Motor
ontribution S.C. Sym RMS Amps = __ 1_0...:.'0_0_0
__ = 35,300 Amps.
(y'31) (.240) (.68)

Asym Motor Contribution (100%) = 5 x 2400 = 12,000 Amps.

12,000
Sym Motor Contribution = -- = 9600 Amps.
1.25

Total S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault X,) = 35,300 + 9,600 = 44,900 Amps .
.6689
X/R Ratio ~ .1171 = 5.72, Asym Factor'" = 1.290

S.C. Asym RMS Amps = 1.290 x 35,300 = 45,500 Amps.

Total S.C. Asym RMS Amps (Fault X1) = 45,500 + 12,000 = 57,500 Amps.
NOTE: See Per Unit Method Procedure tor Formulas.

tSee Page 9 íor determination of these values.

·Multiplier tor maximum one-phase rms amperes at X cycle.

-15-
 PER UNIT METHOD (Con't.)
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO FAULT X2 - SYSTEM-A

Available
Utility
S.C. KVA
100,000

1000 KV A Transformer
240 V, 30,5.1% X, 0.89% R
1 = 2400 Amps
F.L.

25' -750 MCM

3 Per Phase
Utility Service
Drop Cable +-- 3000 A. Switch

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fúse

----+---~-
'- FaultXl
+-- 400 A. Switch

LPN 350 or LPN-R 350 Amp Fuse

50' 500 MCM
Feeder Cable

'--- Fault X2

~ Moto' Contribution

-16-
 PER UNIT METHOD (Con't.)
3 _ SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT X2

10,000 KVA BASE

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM
P.U.R. P.U.X.

Adjusted ·P.U.X = .6689 .6689

mpedance
o
Fault X1
P .U.R = .1171 .1171
-I----~-;-
400A. (.00008) (10,000) _
Switch P.U.X = = .0139 .0139
(1000) -< .240)2

(.00233)t(10,000)
50' P.U.X = = .4050 .4050
500 MCM (1000) (.240)2
Feeder
Cable (.00147)t(10,000)
P .U.R = = .2551 .2551
(1000) (.240) 2

Total P.U.R and P.U.X = .3722 1.0878

M
Motor
Contribution Total P.U.Z.= ~(.3722)2 + (1.0878)21= 1.150
10000
S.C. Sym RMS Amps = ' = 20,930 Amps.
(y'JI) (.240) (1.15)
Asym Motor Contribution (100%) = 5 x 2400 = 12,000 Amps.tt
12,000
Sym Motor Contribution = -- = 9600 Amps.tt
1.25
Total S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault X,) = 20,930 + 9600 = 30,530 Amps.
1.0878
X/R Ratio = .3722 = 2.92, Asym Factor* = 1.112

S.C. Asym RMS Amps = 1.112 x 20,930 = 23,310 Amps.

Total S.C. Asym RMS Amps (Fault X2) = 23,310 + 12,000 = 35,310 Amps.

NOTE: See Per Unit Method Procedure lor Formulas.

tSee Page 11 Ior dete rrnínatlon 01 these values.
ttActual motor contribution will be somewhat smaller than calculated due to
impedance 01 the leeder cable.
"Multiplier Ior maximum one-phase rms amperes at X cycle.

-17-
 PER-UNIT METHOD PROCEDURE MADE SIMPLE
-USE OF CONSTANTS-

The per-unit method lends itself rarher well to the use of co nstants based
on a base KVA (10,000) and a base voltage. The following tables" are con-
venient when used in conjunction with per-unit short-circuir calculations:

INDEX TO TABLES-USE OF CONSTANTS

Table A - Utility Short-Circuit KV A In P.U.X. Page 19

Table B - Transformer Impedance Multipliers. Page 19

Table C - Component Impedance Multipliers For Cable, Bus,

Switches, Circuit Breakers, Current
Transformers, Etc. Page 20

Table 0- Symmetrical Rms Short-Circuit Current Formulas. Page 20

-Note: These tables are derived using a base KVA of 10,000.

-18-
 Table A-UTILlTV SHORT-CIRCUIT KVA-P.U.X.
Base KVA
P..U.X = ------
Utility S.C. KV A

Utility Short- P.U.X

Circuit KVA

25,000 0.400
50,000 0.200
75,000 0.133
100,000 0.100
200,000 0.050
300,000 0.033
400,000 0.025
500,000 0.020
1,000,000 0.010
Infinite O

Table B - TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE MULTIPLlERS

(%X) (Base KV A) (
P.U.X = (100) (Transformer KV A) --

Transformer KV A Multiplier

50 2.0000
75 1.3333
100 1.0000
150 .6667
167 .5988
200 .5000
225 .4444
300 .3333
500 .2000 .
750 .1333
1000 .1000
1500 .0667
2000 .0500
2500 .0400

Example: 750 KV A Transformer, 5% X, 1% R

P.U.X. = 5 x .1333 = .6665

P.U.R. = 1 x .1333 = .1333

-19-
 Table C - COMPONENT IMPEDANCE MULTIPLlERS

System Voltage Multiplier (Based on System Voltage)

120 694.44 (Ohms X) (Base KV A)

208 231.14 P.U.X = -------
220 206.50 (1000) (KV)2
240 173.61
416 57.78
Examples:
440 51.60
460 47.26
No. 1 -1000 Feet 500 MCM Cable, R = .0294 ohm
480 43.40
550 33.10 X = .0466 ohm, 480 volt system
600 27.78 P.U.X = .0466 x 43.4 = 2.060
2400 1.736
P.U.R = .0294 x 43.4 = 1.277
4160 .579
12.47 KV .0649
13.2 KV .0574 No. 2 -1800 Amp Current Transformer,
13.8 KV .0525 X = .00007 ohms, 208 volt system
P.U.X = .00007x231.14 = .0162

Table D - SYMMETRICAL RMS SHORT-CIRCUIT

CURRENT FORMULAS
(BASEO ON SYSTEM VOLTAGE ANO 10,000 KVA BASE)

Three Phase System Symmetrical RMS Short-

Three Phase Formula Voltage Une-Une Volts Circuit Current Equals
208 27,758jTotal P.U.Z
KVA Base 220 26,280jTotal P.U.Z
IS.C.A• = 240 24,039jTotal P.U.Z
V3' x KV x Total P.U.Z 416 13,895jTotal P.U.Z
440 13,120jTotal P.U.Z
460 12,551jTotal P.U.Z
Three Phase Example: 480 12,019jTotal P.U.Z
Total P.U.Z to fault is 0.825 and system 550 10,500jTotal P.U.Z
voltage is 240 volts. Find symmetrical 600 9,634jTotal P.U.Z
rms short-circuit current. 2400 2,406jTotal P.U.Z
4160 1,389jTotal P.U.Z
I 24,039 12.47 KV 463jTotal P.U.Z
S.C.A. = -- = 29,180 rms amps
13.2 KV 438jTotal P.U.Z
0.825
13.8 KV 419jTotal P.U.Z

Single Phase Symmetrical RMS Short-

Single Phase Formula System Voltage Circuit Current Equals

120 83333 jTotal P.U.Z

KVA Base 220 45455 jT otal P. U.Z
IS.C.A. = 240 41667 jTotal P.U.Z
KV x P.U.Z
480 20833 jTotal P.U.Z

-20-
 PER UNIT METHOD-USE OF CONSTANTS
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO FAULT Xl- SYSTEM-A

Available
Utility
S.C. KVA
100,000

1000 KV A Transformer
240 V, 3 0, 5.1% X, 0.89% R
IF.L.= 2400 Amps

25' -750 MCM

3 Per Phase
Utility Service
Drop Cable +-- 3000 A. Switch

KRP-C 3000 Amp Fuse

--~~----~~--x
~ ~FaultXl

-21-
 PER UNIT METHOD-USE OF CONSTANTS
3.16 SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION-FAULT Xl

IMPEOANCE OIAGRAM 10,000 KV A BASE

P.U.R P.U.X

100,0(){)
KVA .1000
Source

1000 P.U.X = (5.1) x (.1000) = .5100 (~~~~el~) .5100

KVA
Transtormer
5.1%X
.89%R P.U.R = (.89) x (.1000) = .0890 n~~~el~) .0890

240 Volts
25'
750 MCM
3 Per Phase
P.U.X. = (.0003)tx(173.61) = .0520 (Table
Page 20
e) .0520
Service
Orop Cable
P.U.R = (.00016)tx(173.61) = .0281 (Table
Page 20
e) .0281

~o~~~ P.U.X=(.00004)x(173.61)=.0069 (~~~~e2n .0069

--'r--~"""'--~ Total P.U.R and P.U.X = .1171 .6689

Total P.U.Z = .6800

@ Motor Contribution

Short-Circuit Symmetrical RMS Amps (~~~~e2~)

= 2.!8003~= 35,300 Amps.

Asym Motor Contribution (100%) = 5 x 2400 = 12,000 Amps.

12,000
Sym Motor Contribution = -- = 9600 Amps.
1.25
Total Short-Circuit Symmetrical RMS Amps (Fault X,) = 35,300 + 9600 = 44,900 Amps.

NOTE: Proceed as before for asymmetrical current.

tSee Page 9 for determination of these values.

-22-
 DOUBLE TRANSFORMATION
PER-UNIT METHOD
ONE-LlNE DIAGRAM TO FAULT Xl & X2

The per-unit method simplifies the short-circuit current ca1culations

when rhere is more than one voltage transformation. The following
example illustrates the relative ease in calculating the 3-0 fault current
at Xz:
Available
Utility S.C. KV A --
200,000

1500 KVA Transformer

277/480 Volts, 30
,.......~~, ..•.•5.1% X, .83% R
IF.L. = 1804 Amps

30' - 500 MCM

5 Per Phase --(D

2000 A Switch

KRP-C 2000 Amp Fuse

FaultX¡ ~

400 A Switch

LPS 300 or LPS-R 300 Amp Fuse

Negligible
Distance ---{I)

200 KV A Transformer
'-'"...., .•....
,'-' 120/208 Volts, 30
1.665% X, 1.111% R
IF.L. = 555 Amp

20' - 350 MCM

2 Per Phase

Note: In this example, motor contribution is not included. See page 13 for motor
contribution procedure.

-23-
 DOUBLE TRANSFORMATION
PER-UNIT METHOD
3 fll SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS - FAULT Xl

Fault XI is located on the 277/480 volr system; therefore, the base

voltage for the calculatians is 480 volrs,

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM 10,000 KV A Base

P.U.R P.U.X

200,000 10,000
KVA P.U.X = 200,000 = .05 .0500
Source

(5.1) (10,000)
1500 KVA P.U.X = (100) (1500) = 5.1 X .0667 = .3402
Transformer
5.1% X, .83%R
\.83) (10,000)
P.U.R = (100) (1500) = .83 X .0667 = .0554

P.U.X
rc
30'
=~1000'
)(.0466y
-5-¿jX
10,000
(1000) (.480)2

= .00028 X 43.4 = .0121

30'
500 MCM
5 per phase
30' )(.0294y 10,000
P.U.R =~
[S1000' -5-¿jX (1000) (.480)2

= .00018 X 43.4 = .0077

10,000
2000 A
P.U.X = (.00005) 1000 (.480)2
Switch

= .00005 X 43.4 = .0022

Total P.U.R & P.U.X = .0631 .4045

Total P.U.Z = V(.0631)2 + (.4045)2' = .4094

10,000 12,019
S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault XI) = 0(.480) (.4094) = .4094 = 29,360 Amps

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" for impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 for the per unit constants.

-24-
 DOUBLE TRANSFORMATION
PER UNIT METHOD
3 ~ SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS - FAULT X
2
Fault ~ is located on the 120/208 volt system. The per-unit rnethod makes the calculatio ns
simple. Thé base voltage is 208 volts for the system components on the 120/208 volt system. These
P.U. impedance values can be added directly to rhe P.U. impedance values determined on the 480
volt system using the 480 volt base.
If the ohmic merhcd were to be used, the calculations would be considerably more complex.
To find Fault X2, the system ohms to the prirnary of the 200 KV A transformer would have to be
adjusted by the square of the turns ratio. However, the per-unit method automatically accounts for
this adjustrnent. In the calculations which follow, particular attention should be given to the voltage
in the per-unit rnultipliers.

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM 10,000 KVA Base

P.U.R P.U.X

Impedance P.U.X = .4045 .4045

To
Fault Xl

P.U.R = .0631 .0631

10,000
400 A
P.U.X = (.00008) 1000 (.480)2
Switch
= .00008 X 43.4 = .0035

(1.665) (10,000)
200 KVA P.U.X = (100) (200) = 1.665 X .5 = .8325
Transformer
1.665% X
1.111% R (1.111) (10,000)
P.U.R = (100) (200) = 1.111 X.5 = .5555

P.U.X
lE
20' ~E·0491S1
=\s.1000') -2-zjX
10,000
(1000) (.208)2

= .000491 X 231.14 = .1135

20'
350 MCM
2 Per Phase

20' :\E.0378S] 10,000

P.U.R =1S1000'/
~ -2-¿jX (1000) (.208)2

= .00038 X 231.14 = .0874

Total P.U.R & P.U.X .7060 1.3540

2

Total P.U.Z = V(.706)2 + (1.354)2' = 1.5270

10,000 27,758
S.C. Sym RMS Amps (Fault X2) = V3(.208) (1.5270) 1.5270 = 18,180 Amps

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" for impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 for the per unit constants.
-25-
 1fI SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATION
ON
SINGL~-PHASE TRANSFORMER SYSTEM
PER-UNIT METHOD PROCEDURE

Short-circuit calculations on a single-phase center tapped transformer system requíre a slightly

different procedure than 3-0 faults on 3-0 systems.
1. lt is necessary that the proper impedance be used to
represent the primary system. For 3-0 fault calculations, a -------A
single primary conductor impedance is only considered from
the source to the transforrner connection. This is compen- -----r--B
sated for in the 3-0 short-circuit formula by multiplying the
single conductor or single-phase irnpedance by 1.73. --r----7--C

However, for single-phase faults, a primary conductor

impedance is considered fram the source to the transformer
and back to the source. This is compensated in the calcula- I

tions by multiplying the 3-0 primary source impedance by two.

~ECONDARY

SHORT CIRCUIT

2. The impedance of the center-tapped transformer must be adjusted for the half-winding (generally
line-to-neutral) fault condition.
The diagram at the right illustrates that during line-to-neutral
faults, the full primarv winding is involved but, only the half-
winding on rhe secondary is involved. Therefore, the actual
transformer reactance and resistance of the half-winding condition ~PRIMARY
is different than the actual transformer reactance and resistance of
the full winding condition. Thus, adjustment to the %X and %R
must be made when considering line-to-neutral faults. The
adjustrnent rnultipliers generaUy used for this condition are as
follows:
L2 WI
~~ECONDARY

1.5 times full winding %R on full winding basis SHORT CIRCUIT

1.2 times full winding %X on full winding basis.

3. The impedance of the cable and two-pole switches on the

system must be considered "both-ways" since the current SHORT
flows to the fault and then returns to the source. For instance,
CIRCUIT
if a line-to-line fault occurs 50 feet fram a transformer, then
100 feet of cable impedance must be included in the
calculation.

The calculations on the following pages illustrate 1-0 fault calculations on a single-phase trans-
former system. Both line-to-line and line-to-neutral faults are considered.

Please note in these exarnples:

a. The multiplier of 2 for some electrical components to account for the single-phase fault current flow,
b. The half-winding transformer %X and %R multipliers for the line-to-neutral fault situation, and
c. The KVA and volrage bases used in the per-unit calculations.

-26-
 ONE LlNE DIAGRAM

Available
3$0 Utility
S.C. KVA

l
100,000

75 KV A TRANSFORMER
120/240 Volts, 1$0
1.4% Z, i .13% X, .83% R
IF.L. = 312 Amps.

Negligible
Distance

400 A Switch, 2 Pale

LPN 400 or LPN-R 400 Amp Fuse

200 A Switch, 2 Pale

LPN 200 or LPN-R 200 Amp Fuse

50' #3/0
Feeder Cable.

2 Pale 1 Pale

-27-
 LlNE TO LlNE FAULT @ 240 VOLTS

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

PER UNIT METHOD
1f6 SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT Xl

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM 10,000 KV A Base

P.U.R P.U.X
10,000
100,000 P.U.X (30) = 100,000 = .1
30 KVA
Source
P.U.X(10) =2X.1 =.2 .2000

(1.13) (10,000)
75 KVA P.U.X = (100)(75) = (1.13) (1.33) = 1.5029
Transformer
1.13% X
(.83) (10,000)
.83% R 1.1039
P .U. R = (100)(75) = (.83) (1.33) =

2 (.00008) 10,000
400A P.U.X = 1000 (.240)2 = 2 (.00008) (173.61) = .0278
Switch

Total P.U.R & P.U.X = 1.1039 1.7307

Total P.U.Z = y'(1.1039)2 + (1.7307)21= 2.0527

10,000 41,667
Une to Une S.C. Sym RMS AMPS @ 240 Volts = .240(2.0527) = (2.0527) = 20,300 Amps

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" tor impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 tor the per unit constants.

-28-
 LlNE TO NEUTRAL FAULT @ 120 V .
SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
PER UNIT METHOD
1f6 SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT Xl

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM 10,000 KV A Base

10,000 P.U.R P.U.X

100,000 P.U.X (30) = 100,000 = .1
30 KVA
Source P.U.X (10) = 2 X .1 = .2000 .2000

(1.13) (10,000)
75 KVA P.U.X = (1.2) X (100)(75) = (1.356) (1.33) = 1.8035
Transformer
1.13% X (.83) (10,000)
.83% R P.U.R = (1.5) X (100)(75) = (1.245) (1.33) = 1.6559

(.00008) (10,000)*
400A P.U.X = 1000 (.120)2 = (.00008) (694.44) = .0556
Switch

Total P.U.R & P.U.X = 1.6559 2.0591

Total P.U.Z = V(1.6559)2 + (2.0591)2'= 2.6423

10,000 83333
Une to Neutral S.C. Sym RMS Amps @ 120 Volts = .120 (2.6423) = (2.6423) = 31,540 Amps .

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" for impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 for the per unit constants.

-The multiplier of two (2) is not applicable since on a line to neutral fault only
one switch pole is involved.

-29-
 LlN': TO LlNE FAUL T @ 240 VOLTS

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

PER UNIT METHOD
1" SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT X 2

10,000 KV A Base
IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM
P.U.R P.U.X

Per Unit P.U.X = 1.7307 1.7307

Impedance
To
Fault Xl .
P.U.R = 1.1039 1.1039

200 A (.0001) (10,000)

Switch P.U.X = (2) X (1000) (.240)2 = 2 (.0001) (173.61) = .0347

P.U.X =
50')(
2 X ~1000'
~
,y 10000
.0519lJX (1000) (.240)2

= 2(.05) (.0519) (173.61) = .9010

50'#3/0
Feeder
Cable

P.U.R =
50' )(
2 X~1000'
~
Y 10,000
.0805¿jX (1000) (.240)2

= 2 (.05) (.0805) (173.61) = 1.3976

Total P.U.R & P.U.X = 2.5015 2.6664

Total P.U.Z = V(2.5015)2 + (2.6664)2 = 3.6561

1

10,000 41667
Une to Une S.C. Sym RMS Amps @240 Volts = .240 (3.6561) = (3.6561) = 11,400 Amps

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" for impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 for the por unit constants.

-30-
 LlNE TO NEUTRAL FAUL T @ 120 V

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

PER UNIT METHOD
1_ SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATION - FAULT X
2

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM 10,000 KV A Base

P.U.R P.U.X

P.U.X = 2.0591 2.0591

Per Unit
lrnpedance
To
Fault x. P.U.R=1.6559 1.6559 I

(.0001) (10,000)*
200 A P.U.X = 1000 (.120)2 = (.0001) (694.44) = .0694
Switch

r?
50' \1 ** 10000
P.U.X = 2 X&1Ooo)(.0519 ~x (1000) (.120)2

= 2(.05) (.0519)(694.44) = 3.6041

50' #3/0
Feeder
Cable
r7
50' \1** 10000
P.U.R = 2 X~1Ooo,)(.0805 ~X (1000) (.120)2

= 2 (.05) (.0805) (694.44) = 5.5902

Total P.U.R & P.U.X = 7.2461 5.7326

2

Total P.U.Z = V(7.2461)2 + (5.7326)2'= 9.2395

10,000 83333
Une to Neutral S.C. Sym RMS Amps @ 120 Volts = (.120) (9.2395) = 9.2395 = 9,020 Amps

Note: See P. 35 "Data Section" for impedance data for the electrical components
and P. 18-20 for the per unit constants.

*The multiplier of two (2) is not applicable sinca on a line-to-neutral fault only
one switch pole is involved .
•• Assuming the neutral conductor and line conductor are the same size.

-31-
 EFFECT OF LOW AVAILABLE UTILlTY KVA

Everi when utility faulr currents are held down to a low level, it is not
always safe to specífy prorective devices with limited inrerrupting capacity.

Over night the available fault KV A which rhe utility can deliver might
be doubled or tripled, Since rhe destructive therrnal a nd magnetic torees
vary as rhe square of the current, 'a ny increase in fault level could result in
a disastrous situation. The prorecrive device selected should be one rhat
takes system growth into consideration.

System B poi nrs out rhat despite a very lirnired utiliry sho rr-circuir KV A,
rhere is considerable short-circuir current available and any furure increase
in rhe utiliry system wil! result in even more fault curre nt.

SYSTEM B

!~ 25,000 KV A Available

750 KV A, 240 Volt

5.1% X, 0.94% R (Table 1)

T
IF.l.= 1800 Amps

KRP-C 2000 Amp Fuse ---+

MCC

LPN 0' LPN-R Fuses i

NOTE: Sinte the transformer supplies this particular motor control center
directly, we assume that bus and cable impedances are negligible
compared to source and transformer impedances.

-32-
 3 f2j SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATIO N - SYSTEM B
10,000 KVA Base - Per-Unit Method

IMPEDANCE DIAGRAM
P.U.R P.U.X

25,000 KV A
0.4000
Source

Transformer
Reactance 5.1% P.U.X = (5.1) (.1333) = 0.6800 (Table B) 0.6800
TR Page 19

ransformer . 0.1250
P.U.RTR = (0.94) (.1333) = 0.1250 (~~~~e1~)'
esistance 0.94%

~Fault
0.1250 1.0800

Total P.U. Resistance = 0.1250 ohms

Total P.U. Reactance = 1.0800 ohms

Total P.U. Impedance = ~(0.1250)2 + (1.0800)2'= 1.0850

Symmetrical rms short-circuit current = ~~o~~~ = 22,150Amps. (~~~~e2~)

Asym Motor Contribution (100%) = 5 x transformerfullload Amps. = 5 x 1800 = 9,000 Amps.
. 9,000
Sym Motor Contribution = -- = 7200 Amps.
1.25

Total symmetrical rms short-circuit current = 22,150 + 7200 = 29,350 Amps.

XjR ratio = 1.08/0.125 = 8.64
Asymmetrical Factor" = 1.40

Asyrnmetrlcal rms short-circuit current = 1.40 x 22,150 = 31,000

Total asymmetrical rms short-circuit current = 9000 + 31,000 = 40,000 Amps.

NOTE: Properly selected dual-element current-limiting fuses in motor con-

trol center would clear short-circuit ir less than X cycle and coordi-
nate selectively with the KRP-C 2000 ampere main fuses.

*Multiplier for maximum l-phase rms amperes at X cycle.

-33-
 GENERAL DISCUSSIONS
OF
SHORT -CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS

(A) MOTOR CONTRIBUTION

When an electrical system is short-circuited, synchronous and induction
motors will feed additional short-circuit current to the fault at a value
approxímately equal to their locked rotor rating. In the preceding exarnple
the locked rotor current rating is assumed to be five times the motor full
load current. This is a conservative figure and on the safe side. Actual
contríbution would norma lly be somewhat less.

(B) LlMITING FAULT CURRENT

The asymmetrical short-circuit current will continué to flow for several
cycles depending upon the XjR ratio of the system. The asymmetrical fault
current will eventually decay to the final symmetrical value of current
which we calculated in the examples. Since the asymmetrical current is
always greater than the symmetrical current, we find that the largest
amount of destructible energy flows during the first several cycles after the
fault 'is initiated. The amount of destructive energy is proportional to the
square of the current so we can see that it is very important to limit the
current to as small a value as possible by introducing proper interrupting
means.

In system-A, Page 5, the 60 ampere LOW-PEAK dual-element fuse in

the motor control center would limit a 30,530 ampere symmetrical fault to
a value equivalent to less than 2500 amperes rms, clearing the fault in less
than ~ cycle.

-34-
 DATA SECTION

This secrion contains tables co nveriienrlv arranged to facilitare short-cir-

cuit calculations.

INDEX TO DATA SECTION TABLES

Table 1 - Transformer Impedance Data Page 36

Table 2 - Current Transformer Reactance Data Page 36

Table 3 - Disconnecting Switch Reactance Data Page 37

Table 4 - Circuit Breaker Reacíance Data Page 37

Table 5 - Copper Cable Impedance Data Page 38

Table 6 - Aluminum Cable Impedance Data Page 39

Table 7 - Busway Impedance Data Page 40

Table 8 - Asymmetrical Factors Page 40

-35-
 Table l-TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE DATA*
Percent R, X and Z based on Transíormer KVA.

Transformer R X Z NOTE1: These values are for three-

Rating KV A X/R % % % phase, liquid filled, self-cooled
transformers.
150 3.24 1.23 4.0 4.19 NOTE 2: Due to the trend toward lower
impedance transformers for bet-
225 3.35 1.19 4.0 4.17 ter voltage regulation, the actual
transformer impedance may de-
300 3.50 1.14 4.0 4.16 viate from the NEMA Standard
given at left. Therefore, for
500 3.85 1.04 4.0 4.12 actual values, obtain nameplate
impedance from owner or manu-
750 5.45 0.94 5.1 5.19 facturer. The percent X and
. percent R values are desirable
1000 5.70 0.89 5.1 5.19 for calculation.
1500 6.15 0.83 5.1 5.18
2000 6.63 0.77 5.1. 5.17
150 1.5 1 .111 1.665 2.0
225 1.5 1.111 1.665 2.0
300 1.5 1 .111 1.665 2.0
500 1.5 1 .111 1.665 2.0 *Table reprinted with permission of NEMA,
Table A-l, Pub. No. AB 1-1969.

Table 2-CURRENT TRANSFORMER REACTANCE DATA

APPROXIMATE REACTANCES OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS*

Reactance in Ohrns for

Primary Current Various Voltage Ratings
Ratings - Amperes
600-5000V 7500V 15,OOOV

100-200 0.0022 0.0040

250-400 0.0005 0.0008 0.0002

500-800 0.00019 0.00031 0.00007

1000-4000 0.00007 0.00007 0.00007

UJ • O
'-Current Transformer

NOTE: Values given are in ohms per phase. For actual values, refer to
manufacturer's data.

'Reprinted with permission of I.E.E.E., "Electric Power Distribution for Industrial

Plants," I.E.E.E. No. 141, Oct. 1964, pg. 98.

-36-
 Table 3 - DISCONNECTING SWITCH REACTANCE DATA
The reactance of disconnecting switches for low-voltage circuits (600
volrs and below) is in the arder of magnitude of 0.00008 ohms per pole to
0.00005 ohms per pole ar 60 cvcles fOT switches rared 400-4000 amperes
respectively. *

APPROXIMA TE
REAcTANCES**
Switch Size X
(Amps) (Ohms)

200 0.0001
400 0.00008
600 0.00008
800 0.00007
1200 0.00007
1600 0.00005
2000 0.00005
3000 0.00004 1-pole
4000 0.00004

*Reprinted with permission of I.E.E.E., Ibid.

**For actual values, refer to manufacturer's data.

Table 4-CIRCUIT BREAKER REACTANCE DATA

REACTANCE OF LOW-VOL TAGE TYPICAL MOLDEO CASE CIRCUIT
POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERSt BREAKER IMPEDANCEStt

Breaker Interrupting Reactance Molded Case Breaker Resistance Reac!ance

Ampere Rating
Rating - Amperes in Ohms Ampere Raling in Ohms in Ohms

15,000 15 lo 35 0.04 20 .00700 Negligible

and 50 to 100 0.004
25,000 125 to 225 0.001 40 .00240 Negligible
250 to 600 0.0002
100 .00200 .00070
50,000 200 to 800 0.0002
1000 to 1600 0.00007 225 .00035 .00020

75,000 2000 to 3000 0.00008 400 .00031 .00039

100,000 4000 0.00008 600 .00007 .00017

NOTE: Due to the me!hod of raling low-voltage NOTE: Above 600 amperes the reac!ances of molded
. power circuit breakers, Ihe reactance of the case breakers are similar lo those given in
breaker which is to interrupt the fault is not the Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker
included in calculating fault current.] Table above.

tReprinted wilh permission of I.E. E.E., Ibid.

ttFor actual values, consult manufacturero These values will vary with manufac-
turer and designo

-37-
 Table 5-COPPER CABLE IMPEDANCE DATA*
OHMS PER 1000 FEET

Resistance, Reactance and Impedance of Capper Cable Circuits

Three Single Conductors
-----_._-----_._-- . _.
In Magnetic Duct In Nonmagnetic Duc!
_. ..
AWG
600 V and 5 kv 5 kv Shielded and 600 V and 5 kv 5 kv Shielded and
or Nonshielded 15 kv Nonshielded 15 kv
MCM -_.- _._- -- -1··----------- _.- -- __ o

R X Z R X Z R X Z R X Z
- - -----
___ o

----
8 .811 .0754 .814 .811 .0860 .816 .811 .0603 .813 .811 .0688 .814
8 (5011·d) .786 .0754 .790 .786 .0860 .791 .786 .0603 .788 .786 .0688 .789
6 .510 .0685 .515 .510 .0796 .516 .510 .0548 .513 .510 .0636 .514
6 (soli d) .496 .0685 .501 .496 .0796 .502 .496 .0548 .499 .496 .0636 .500

4 .321 .0632 .327 .321 .0742 .329 .321 .0506 .325 .321 .0594 .326
4 (soli d) .312 .0632 .318 .312 .0742 .321 .312 .0506 .31 6 .312 .0594 .318
2 .202 .0585 .210 .202 .0685 .214 .202 .0467 .20 7 .202 .0547 .209
1 .160 .0570 .170 .160 .0675 .174 .160 .0456 .16 6 .160 .0540 .169

1/0 .128 .0540 .139 .128 .0635 .143 .127 .0432 .13 4 .128 .0507 .138
2/0 .102 .0533 .115 .103 .0630 .121 .101 .0426 .110 .102 .0504 .114
3/0 .0805 .0519 .0958 .0814 .0605 .101 .0766 .0415 .08 71 .0805 .0484 .0939
4/0 .0640 .0497 .0810 .0650 .0583 .092 9 .0633 .0398 .07 48 .0640 .0466 .0792

250 .0552 .0495 .0742 .0557 .0570 .079 7 .Q541 .0396 .06 70 .0547 .0456 .0712
300 .0464· .0493 .0677 .0473 .0564 .073 6 .0451 .0394 .05 99 .0460 .0451 .0644
350 .0378 .0491 .0617 .0386 .0562 .068 1 .0368 .0393 .05 36 .0375 .0450 .0586
400 .0356 .0490 .0606 .0362 .0548 .065 7 .0342 .0392 .05 20 .0348 .0438 .0559

450 .0322 .0480 .0578 .0328 .0538 .063 o .0304 .0384 .04 90 .0312 .0430 .0531
500 .0294 .0466 .0551 .0300 .0526 .060 5 .0276 .0373 .04 64 .0284 .0421 .0508
600 .0257 .0463 .0530 .0264 .0516 .058 O .0237 .0371 .04 40 .0246 .0412 .0479
750
I .0216 .0445 .0495 .0223 ! .0497 .054 5
---
.0194 .0356 .04 05 .0203 .0396 .0445
--
Three-Conductor Cable
---------------------------- -----_. ----
In Magnetic Duct and Steel Interlocked Armar In Nonmagnetic Duct and Aluminum Interlocked Armar
-_._--- -_.--
AWG 5 kv Shielded and 600 v and 5 kv
600 v and 5 kv 5 kv Shielded and
or 15 kv 15 kv
Nonshielded Nonshield ed
MCM
R X Z R X
----
Z__ I__ R I__--_-
X__ Z
--
R X Z

8 .811 .0577 .813 .811 .0658 .81 4 .811 .0503 .812 .811 .0574 .813
8 (sol id) .786 .0577 .788 .786 .0658 .78 9 .786 .0503· .787 .786 .0574 .788
6 .510 .0525 .513 .510 .0610 .51 4 .510 .0457 .512 .510 .0531 .513
6 (sol id) .496 .0525 .499 .496 .0610 .50 O .496 .0457 .498 .496 .0531 .499

4 .321 .0483 .325 .321 .0568 .32 6 .321 .0422 .324 .321 .0495 .325
4 (sol id) .312 .0483 .316 .312 .0508 .31 7 .312 .0422 .315 .312 .0495 .316
2 .202 .0448 .207 .202 .0524 .20 9 .202 .0390 .206 .202 .0457 .207
1 .160 .0436 .166 .160 .0516 .16 8 .160 .0380 .164 .160 .0450 .166

1/0 .128 .0414 .135 .128 .0486 .13 7 .127 .0360 .132 .128 .0423 .135
2/0 .102 .0407 .110 .103 .0482 .11 4 .101 .0355 .107 .102 .0420 .110
3/0 .0805 .0397 .0898 .0814 .0463 .09 36 .0766 .0346 .0841- .0805 .0403 .090
4/0 .0640 .0381 .0745 .0650 .0446 .07 88 .0633 .0332 .0715 .0640 .0389 .0749

250 .0552 .0379 .0670 .0557 .0436 .07 07 .0541 .0330 .0634 .0547 .0380 .0666
300 .0464 .0377 .0598 .0473 .0431 .06 40 .0451 .0329 .0559 .0460 .0376 .0596
350 .0378 .0373 .0539 .0386 .0427 .05 76 .0368 .0328 .0492 .0375 .0375 .0530
400 .0356 .0371 .0514 .0362 .0415 .05 51 .0342 .0327 .0475 .0348 .0366 .0505

450 .0322 .0361 .0484 .0328 .0404 .05 20 .0304 .0320 .0441 .0312 .0359 .0476
500 .0294 .0349 .0456 .0300 .0394 .04 95 .0276 .0311 .0416 .0284 .0351 .0453
600 .0257 .0343 .0429 .0264 .0382 .04 64 .0237 .0309 .0389 .0246 .0344 .0422
750 .. 0216 .0326 .0391 .0223 .0364 .04 27 .0197 .0297 .0355 .0203 .0332 ·.0389
--- _ ..

Resis!ance based on tinned copper at 60 cycles. 600 volt and 5 kv unshielded based on varnished cambric insulation. 5 kv shielded
and 15 kv cable based on Neoprene insulation. Values shown are lar 1000 lee! of cable a! 75 C.

*Reprinted from "Actual Specifying Enqlneer," October, 1965.

-38-
 Table 6-ALUMINUM CABLE IMPEDANCE DATA*
APPROXIMATE OHMS PER 1000 FEET
Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulated Cable Resistance, Reactance and Impedance Aluminum Conductor Cable

Three Single Conductors.

In Magnetic Duct In Nbnmagnetic Duct

AWG
600 V and 5kv 5 kv Shielded and 600 V and 5 kv 5 kv Shielded and
or
Nonshielded 15 kv Nonshielded 15 kv
MCM
R X Z R X Z R X Z R X Z
6 .847 .053 .849 - - - .847 .042 .848 - - -
4 .532 .050 .534 .532 .068 .536 .532 .040 .534 .532 I .054 .535
2 .335 .046 .338 .335 .063 .341 .335 .037 .337 .335 .050 .339
1 .265 ~048 .269 .265 .059 .271 .265 .035 .267 .265 .047 .269

1/0 .210 .043 .214 .210 .056 .217 , .210 .034 .213 .210 .045 .215
2/0 .167 .041 .172 .167 .055 .176 .167 .033 .170 .167 .044 .173
3(0 .133 .040 .139 .132 .053 .142 .133 .037 .137 .132 .042 .139
4/0 .106 .039 .113 .105 .051 .117 .105 .031 .109 .105 .041 .113

250 .0896 .0384 .0975 .0892 .0495 .102 .0894 .0307 .0945 .0891 .0396 .0975
300 .0750 .0375 .0839 .0746 .0479 .0887 .0746 .0300 .0804 .0744 .0383 .0837
350 .0644 .0369 .0742 .0640 .0468 .0793 .0640 .0245 .0705 .0638 .0374 .0740
400 .0568 .0364 .0675 .0563 .0459 .0726 .0563 .0291 .0634 .0560 .0367 .0700

500 .0459 .0355 .0580 .0453 .0444 .0634 .0453 .0284 .0535 .0450 .0355 .0573
600 .0388 .0359 .0529 .0381 .0431 .0575 .0381 .0287 .0477 .0377 .0345 .0511
700 .0338 .0350 .0487 .0332 .0423 .0538 .0330 .0280 .0433 .0326 .0338 .0470
750 .0318 .0341 .0466 .0310 .0419 .0521 .0309 .0273 .0412 .0304 .0335 .0452
1000 .0252 .0341 .0424 .0243 .0414 .0480 I .0239 .0273 .0363 .0234 .0331 .0405

Three-Conductor Cables

In Magnetic Duct In Nonmagnetic Duct

AWG
or 600 V and 5kv 5 kv Shielded and 600 V and 5 kv 5 kv Shielded and
MCM Nonshielded 15 kv Nonshielded 15 kv

R X Z R X Z R X Z R X Z

6 .847 .053 .849 - - - .847 .042 .848 - - -

4 .532 .050 .534 - - - .532 .040 .534 - - -
2 .335 .046 .338 .335 .056 .340 .335 .037 .337 .335 .045 .338
1 .265 .048 .269 .265 .053 .270 .265 .035 .267 .265 .042 .268

1/0 .210 .043 .214 .210 .050 .216 .210 .034 .213 .210 .040 .214
2/0
3/0
.167
.133
.041
.040
.172
.139
.167
.133
.049
.048
.174
.141
.167
.133
.033
.037
.170
.137
.167
.133
I .039
.038
.171
.138
4/0 .106 .039 .113 .105 .045 .114 .105 .031 .109 .105 I .036 .111

250 .0896 .0384 .0975 .0895 .0436 .100 .0894 .0307 .0945 .0893 .0349 .0959
300 .0750 .0375 .0839 .0748 .0424 .0860 .0746 .0300 .0804 .0745 .0340 .0819
350 .0644 .0369 .0742 .0643 .0418 .0767 .0640 .0245 .0705 .0640 .0334 .0722
400 .0568 .0364 .0675 .0564 .0411 .0700 .0563 .0291 .0634 .0561 .0329 .0650

500 .0459 .0355 .0580 .0457 .0399 .0607 .0453 .0284 .0535 .0452 .0319 .0553
600 .0388 .0359 .0529 .0386 .0390 .0549 .0381 .0287 .0477 .0380 .0312 .0492
700 .0338 .0350 .0487 .0335 .0381 .0507 .0330 .0280 .0433 .0328 .0305 .0448
750 .0318 .0341 .0466 .0315 .0379 .0493 .0309 .0273 .0412 .0307 .0303 .0431
1000 .0252 .0341 .0424 .0248 .0368 .0444 .0239 .0273 .0363 .0237 .0294 .0378

Values Are for 1000 Circuit Feet at 90°C Conductor *Courtesy of Kaiser Aluminum Electrical Produds Divisi

-39-
 Table 7-BUSWAV IMPEDANCE DATA-
OHMS PER 1000 FEET
(Iine-to-neutral, 60 cycles)

Plug-In Busway

Copper Bus Bars Aluminum Bus Bars

Ampere
Resistance Reaclance Impedance Resistance Reactance Impedance
Rating
225 0.0262 0.0229 0.0348 0.0398 0.0173 0.0434
400 0.0136 0.0218 0.0257 0.0189 0.0216 0.0288
600 0.0113 0.0216 0,0244 0.0179 0.0190 0.0261

800 0.0105 0.0190 0.0217 0.0120 0.0126 0.0174

1000 0.0071 0.0126 0.0144 0.0080 0.0080 0.0112
1200 0.0055 0.0091 0.0106 0.0072 0.0074 0.0103

1350 0.0040 0.0072 0.0084 0.0065 0.0070 0.0096

1600 0.0036 0.0068 0.0077 0.0055 0.0062 0.0083
2000 0.0033 0.0062 0.0070 0.0054 0.0049 0.0074

2500 0.0032 0.0062 0.0070 0.0054 0.0034 0.0064

3000 0.0031 0.0062 0.0069 0.0054 0.0018 0.0057
4000 0.0030 0.0062 0.0069
5000 0.0020 0.0039 0.0044

Low-Impedance Feeder Busway

Copper Bus Bars Aluminum Bus Bars

Ampere Impedance Reaclance I mpedance

Resistance Reactance Resistance
Rating
225 0.0425 0.0323 0.0534 0.0767 0.0323 0.0832
400 0.0291 0.0301 0.0419 0.0378 0.0280 0.0470
600 0.0215 0.0170 0.0274 0.0305 0.0099 0.0320

800 0.0178 0.0099 0.0203 0.0212 0.0081 0.0227

1000 0.0136 0.0082 0.0159 0.0166 0.0065 0.0178
1200 0.0110 0.0070 0.0130 0.0133 0.0053 0.0143

1350 0.0090 0.0065 0.0111 0.0110 0.0045 0.0119

1600 0.0083 0.0053 0.0099 0.0105 0.0034 0.0110
2000 0.0067 0.0032 0.0074 0.0075 0.0031 0.0080

2500 0.0045 0.0032 0.0055 0.0055 0.0023 0.0060

3000 0.0041 0,0027 0.0049 0.0049 0.0020 0.0053
4000 0.0030 0.0020 0.0036 0.0036 0.0015 0.0039
5000 0.0023 0.0015 0.0027

[ The above data represents values which are a composite 01 those obtained by a survey 01 industry; values tend to be on the
low side.

"Current limiting Busway

Ampere XjR
Rating Resistance Reactance lrnp=dancr- Ratio
1000 0.013 0.063 0.064 4.85
1350 0.012 0.061 0.062 5.08
1600 0.009 0.056 0057 6.22
2000 0.007 0.052 0.052 7.45
2500 0.006 0.049 0.049 8.15
3000 0.005 0.046 0.046 9.20
4000 0.004 0,042 0.042 iO.50

'Reprinted from "Actual Specilying Engineer," October. 1965.

-40-
 Table 8 - ASYMMETRICAL FACTORS t
Ratio to Symmetrical Rms Amperes

Short-circuit Maximum l-phase Maximum l-phase Average 3-phase

Power Factor, Short Circuit 1nstantaneous Rms Amperes at Rms Amperes at
Percent X/R Ratio Peak Amperes Mp y, Cycle Mm y, Cycle Ma
(Asymmetrical Factor)

O 00 2.828 1.732 1.394

1 100.00 2.785 1.696 1.374
2 49.993 2.743 1.665 1.355

3 33.322 2.702 1630 1.336

4 24.979 2.663 1.598 1.318
5 19.974 2.625 1.568 1.301

6 16.623 2.589 1.540 1.285

7 14.251 2.554 1.511 1.270
8 13.460 2.520 1.485 1.256

9 11.066 2.487 1.460 1.241

10 9.9301 2.455 1.436 1.229
11 9.0354 2.424 1.413 1.216

12 8.2733 2.394 1.391 1.204

13 7.6271 2.364 1.372 1.193
14 7.0721 2.336 1.350 1.182

15 6.5912 2.309 1.330 1.171

16 6.1695 2.282 1.312 1.161
17 5.7947 2.256 1.294 1.152

18 5.4649 2.231 1.277 1.143

19 5.1672 2.207 1.262 1.135
20 4.8990 2.183 1.247 1.127

21 4.6557 2.160 1.232 1.119

22 4.4341 2.138 1.218 1.112
23 4.2313 2.11 1.205 1.105

24 4.0450 2.095 1.192 1.099

25 3.8730 2.074 1.181 1.093
26 3.7138 2.054 1.170 1.087

27 3.5661 2.034 1.159 1.081

28 3.4286 2.015 1.149 1.075
29 3.3001 1.996 1.139 1.070

30 3.1798 1.978 1.130 1.066

31 3.0669 1.960 1.121 1.062
32 2.9608 1.943 1.113 1.057

33 2.8606 1.926 1.105 1.053

34 2.7660 1.910 1.098 1.049
35 2.6764 1.894 1.091 1.046

36 2.5916 1.878 1.084 1.043

37 2.5109 1.863 1.078 1.039
38 2.4341 1.848 1.073 1.036

39 2.3611 1.833 1.068 1.033

40 2.2913 1.819 1.062 1.031
41 2.2246 1.805 1.057 1.028

42 2.1608 1.791 1.053 1.026

43 2.0996 1.778 1.049 1.024
44 2.0409 1.765 1.045 1.022

45 1.9845 1.753 1.041 1020

46 1.9303 1.740 1.038 1.019
47 1.8780 1.728 1.03~ 1.017

48 1.8277 1.716 1.031 1.016

49 1.7791 1.705 1.029 1.014
50 1.7321 1.694 1.0?R 1.013

55 15185 1.641 1.015 1.008

60 1.3333 1.594 1.009 1.004
65 1.1691 1.553 1.004 1.002

70 1.0202 1.517 1.002 1.001

75 0.8819 1.486 1.0008 1.0004
80 0.7500 1.460 1.0002 1 00005

85 0.6198 1.439 100004 1.00002

100 0.0000 1.414 100000 1.00000

jReprinted with the permission 01 NEMA. Puh. No RU 1·IQ72. Par\ 3, P<I. \?, 13.

--41-
 SELECTIVE SYSTEMS
(Blackout Prevention)

Having determined rhe faulrs rhat musr he interrupred, rhe next step
is to specify Protective Devices rhat will pro vide a Selective System with
proper Inrerrupting Capacity .....

Such a system assures safety under al! service conditions and prevents
needless inrerruption of serviee on circuirs other than the one on which a
fault oecurs.
The topic of Selectiviry will be discussed in the next Ha ndbook , Parr n.
In order to prevent Blackours some simple exarnples of selectively
coordinared systems are sho~-n on the fr,llowing pages.

NOTE: The following systems also comply with Section 230-98 of the National Electrical.
eode - 1975 which requires adequate short-circuit rating of service equipment.

-42-
 A SELECTIVE SYSTEM
for circuits of 600 volts or less -
having available fault current of 200,000 or less rms
symmetrical amperes - using HI-CAP® time-delay fuses
and FUSETRON® dual-element fuses throuqhout.

Transformer
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses
60 arnp.
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses
oto 30 ampo

KRP-C Lighting
HI-CAP Emergency Panel
time-delay Fuses Lighting .
1600 ampo Panel
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses
125 to 400 ampo

FUSETRON dual-element Fuses

. 125 tó 400 ampo

FUSETRON
dual-element Fuses
o lo 60 ampo
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses Lighting FUSETRON
125 to 400 ampo
Panel dual-element Fuses
.o to 60 ampo

~FUSETRON
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses dual-element Fuses Power Panel
400 ampo Lighting o to 60 ampo
Panel

FUSETRON dual-elernent Fuses

400 ampo Bus Duct
~~"-o{[]---"'T""b --b-r----(5-r----b-r---O --bY-- T"'"i
FUSETRON dual-element Fus
oto 200 ampo

FUSETRON dual-element
60 to 400 ampo
(
Fuses FUSETRON d 1_ I
ua e emen
t F
uses
~--o"-o{[] 010200amp. O ~~

Large Motor
FUSETRON dual-element Fuses
100 to 400 ampo

Transformer
FUSETRON dual-elernent Fus
Oto 60 ampo .

-43-
 A SELECl'IVE SYSTEM
For circuits of 277/480 volts or less having
available fault current of 100,000or less rms
symmetrical amperes - HI-CAP® time-delay fuses, LOW-PEAK®
dual-element fuses and BUSS® Type SC fuses throughout.

Emergency
Panel
SC Fuses
60 ampo
~
SC Fuses
~030amp.

SC Fuses
KRP-C o lo 60 ampo
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses
2000 ampo

LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses lighting

125 lo 600 ampo
Panel

LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses Lighting

125 lo 600 ampo Panel SC Fuses
o lo 60 ampo

LOW-PEAK
dual-element Fuses Lightirig
125 lo 600 ampo Panel SC Fuses
o lo 60 ampo

LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses

Lighting
125 lo 600 ampo
Panel

SC Fuses
o lo 60 ampo
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses .....•.•....
_ ..•••.
400 lo 600 ampo ~ '--

~_O~~----B-r-an-C-h-s-g-i-~-:-~-S-:-~-~-e-ct-io-n-(¿TM_o_t~o_r_C(¿To_n_tr_O_I~(~~e_n_~_r~(¿~_~(¿_d-ua-~:~ses

LOW-PEAK of Small Motors

dual-element Fuses Ó lo 60 ampo for Large Motors
Branch Circuil Size o lo 200 ampo

~--o~f---~---------------...,
LOW-PEAK
dual-element Fuses
~-¡~ LOW-PEAK

Iyl
dual-element Fuses
100 lo 600 ampo 125% Molar F. L. A.

I I

SC Fuses Large Motor

O lo 60 ampo Remote Location

-44-
 A SELECTIVE SYSTEM
for circuits of 600 volts or less -
having available fault current of 200,000 or less rms
symmetríeal amperes - using HI-CAP® time-delay fuses and
LOW-PEAK® dual-element fuses throughout.

LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses

~amp.
Transformer
LOW-PEAK dual-elernent Fuses
o lo 60 ampo

Lighting
KRP-C Emergency
Panel
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses Lighting
2000 ampo Panel ~
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
125 lo 600 ampo ~

~
Lighting
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
. 125 lo 600 ampo
Panel ~
LOW-PEAK
dual-élernent Fuses
Oto 60 ampo
LOW-PEAK
dual-element Fuses ~\;:~:ng ...•.....__ LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
125 to 600 ampo 'Q..J.....l.}-- oto 60 ampo .

~
Lighting
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses Panel
125 to 600 ampo o to 60 ampo ~

~
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
400 lo 600 ampo Power Panel ~
t---O~---"""6--b~-"""b--b-r----O-r-i --6-r-- LOW-PEAK
dual-element Fuses
o lo 60 ampo

LOW-PEAK (( . ( (
dual-element Fuses Lighting
60 lo 600 ampo LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
f---O~ 010200amp. O~r-rx.r-@ Panel

Large
LOW-PEAK dual-element Fuses
100 lo 600 ampo Motor

Transformer LOW-PEAK
dual-element Fuses
Oto 60 ampo

-45-
 A 'St:l'ECTIVE SYSTEM
For circuits of 600 volts or less having available fault
current of 200,000 or less rms symmetrical amperes -
Iisinq HI-CAP® time-delay fuses, types KRP-C and JHq-
Lineside Fuse maintaining 2 to 1 ratio with Loadside Fuse.

Emergency
Panel
* JHC HI-CAP time-delay Fuses

...•......
__ JHC HI-CAP time-delay Fuses . JHC
"V1L.l.t-- H I-C A P
time-delay Fuses
KRP-C
Hi-Cap time-delay Fuses

JHC Lighting
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses Panel

JHC Lighting
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses Panel JHC
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses
JHC·
HI-CAP Lighting
time-delay Fuses Panel ~JHC
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses

JHC
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses .
Lighting "-orr:n-
Panel JHC JHC
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses HI-CAP time-delay Fuse:
"-orr:n- ~
JHC
Lighting
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses
Panel ~
I~--------------------------------------------~
JHC ~
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses
~JHC
Power HI-CAP time-delay Fuses
Panel

JHC

?¿ ???i
HI-CAP time-delay Fuses M t C tiC t
~ o or on ro en er

1----0

JHC ·JHC HI-CAP time-delay Fuse~

HI-CAP time-delay ~ ~
~-o~r-~ Large Motor
*Not UL Usted (No UL Standard) M
tUL Usted Class J Type JKS LlMITRON® fast-acting Fuses could also be used.

-46-
 A SELECTIVE SYSTEM
for circuits of 115/230 volts or less - having available fault
current of 100,000or less rms symmetrical amperes - uslriq
BUSS® Type SC, size limiting fuses for protection
of Residential and Small Commercial circuits ,

Conforms with Section 230-98of the National Electrical Code-1975

which requires adequate short-circuit rating of Service Equipment.

SC Fuses
1.5 or 20 ampo

~ Appliance l.oad

~-----------------+-o~ Appliance Load

~ Refrigerator
Range or
Range Top and
Oyen
~ Deep Freeze

~ Lights/Receptacles
t------- Water Heater

~ Lights/Receptacles

t------- Air Conditioner

~ Dishwasher

~Spare
"-o-[J}-- Dryer/Washer

2 Pole, SC Fuses
30 ampo

"-o-[J}-- Space Haater

2 Pole, SC Fuses
60 ampo

NOTE: FUSE PANELS AND LOAD CENTERS ARE AVAILABLE

for BUSS Type SC FUSES THAT FEATURE:
1. Neon light, fuse out indicator
2. Safety, switch must be of.f to remove fuse
3. Size limiting, larger fuse cannot be put in sma!ler holder.
4. Cool operating
5. 100,000amps. rrns interrupting capacity rating
6. Time delay

.- ,Vi - .
 FUSE SYMBOlS, CLASSES AND INTERRUPTING RATINGS
Underwriters' Interrupting
Fuse Laboratories Ine. Rating
Symbol Trade Mark Classífieation Listed Amps RMS Sym

RP-C (600V) < HI-CAP® Time-Delay Fuse Class L Ves 200,000

TU (600V) LlMITRON® Fast-Aeting Fuse Class L Ves 200,000
KTN (250V) LlMITRON® Fast-Acting Fuse Class K1 Ves 200,000
KTN-R (250V) LlMITRON® Fast-Actinq Fuse Class RKl Ves 200,000
KTS (600V) LlMITRON® Fast-Aeting Fuse Class K1 Ves 200,000
TS-R (600V) LlMITRON® Fast-Aeting Fuse Class RKl Ves 200,000
JJN (~50V)t TRON® Fast-Aeting Fuse Class T Ves 200,000
JJS (600V) TRON® Fast-Acting Fuse Class T Ves 200,000
LPN (250V) LOW-PEAK® Dual-Element Fuse Class .K5 " Ves 200,000
LPN-R (250V) LOW-PEAK® Dual-Element Fuse Class RK5 Ves 200,000
LPS (600V) LOW-PEAK® Dual-Element Fuse Class K5 Ves 200,000
LPS-R (600V) LOW-PEAK® Dual-Element Fuse Class RK5 Ves 200,000
FRN (250V) FUSETRON® Dual-Element Fuse . Class K5 Ves 200,000
FRN-R (250V) FUSETRON® Dual-Element Fuse Class RK5 Ves 200,000
FRS (600V) FUSETRON® Dual-Element Fuse Class K5 Ves 200,000
FRS-R reoov) FUSETRON® Dual-Élernent Fuse Class RK5 Ves 200,000

KTK-R (6ooV) LlMITRON® Fast-Aeting Fuse Class CC Ves 200,000

NON (250V) BUSS® One-Time Fuse Cla s s H > Ves 10,000

NOS (6OOV) BUSS® One-Time Fuse Class H' Ves 10,000

REN (250V) SUPER-LAG® Renewable Fuse Class H Ves 10,000

RES (600V) SUPER-LAG® Renewable Fuse Class H Ves 10,000

SC (300V) BUSS® Type SC Fuse Class G Ves 100,000

JKS (600V) LlMITRON® Ouick-Acting Fuse Class J Ves 200,000

JHC (600V) HI-CAP® Time-Delay Fuse Class J No' 200,000*'
W (125V) BUSS® Plug Fuse Edison Base Ves 10,000

T (125V) FUSETRON® Dual-Element Plug Fuse Edison Base Ves 10,000

S (125V) FUST AT® Dual-Element Fuse Type S Ves 10,000

Underwriters' Laboratories Ine. at the present time does not have test criteria established tor Time Delay Class J fuses.
Lrsted by eSA (Canadian Stds. Association) lo their Test Standard 01 100.nODA.
·Pending U.L. 300 Volt classification.
Some ampere ralings available as class K5 in NON 0-60A and NOS 0-60A

-----McGRAWiDlSom ---_._---

Bussmann

aUss.m~nnManufactL~ri"gDivi!.ion
McGraw-Edison Company
502 E"rth City "'Ia",a
P.€). Bo" 14460
Sto Louis. MO 63178
(314} 739-9600 Telex 44-U41

(038)
N Print,:.rl in I I e; A