Midterm Examination  Nightingale viewed disease as a reparative process.

 Nightingale viewed the manipulation of the physical

 Empiricism – It is founded on the belief that what is environment as a major component of nursing care. Areas of
experienced is what exists, observable, perception by environment which the nurse needs to control are:
senses. Observation of the sick, Nutrition and taking foods,
 Rationalism – A priori reasoning utilizes deductive logic by Health of Houses
reasoning from the cause to an effect or from a  Nightingale’s theory views the relationship between health,
generalization to a particular instance. Example in nursing is human, and environment
to reason that a lack of social support (cause) will result in  Florence Nightingale – She believes that the force for
hospital readmission (effect). healing resides within the human being.
 Philosophy – Nurse Ever was interviewed and answered:  Jean Watson’s theory major elements are:
"My personal core values and beliefs as an individual are 1. Transpersonal caring relationship
kindness, honesty, persistence, lifelong learning, security, 2. Carative Factors
family, and success in achieving my goals. I use these 3. Concept of clinical caritas processes
values and beliefs to make personal decisions and live my  Humanistic-altruistic values refer to:
everyday life. I believe that the core of nursing is caring, 1. Giving and extension of the sense of self
knowledge, and integrity. 2. Values which are learned early in life
 Conceptual Models – These are structures that provide 3. Acknowledgment of one’s own feeling
nurses with a perspective of the patient and the professional  The essence of Watson’s Theory are:
practice. They provide structure for a phenomenon, direct 1. Love and caring, better care for the patient will
thinking, observations, and interpretations and further be given
provide direction for actions. 2. Person’s who knows himself will be able to
 Theory – Systematic explanations of events in which have a more accepting relationship with
constructs, and concepts are identified, relationships are another person
proposed, and predictions are made to describe, explain, 3. If you share something of yourself, it helps to
predict or prescribe practice and research. establish connection
 Middle-Range Theory – It refers to theory that a part of a  The central concepts of Benner's model are those of:
discipline's concern related to particular topics. the scope is 1. Competence
narrower. 2. skill acquisition
 Nightingale’s theory dubbed as Environmental Theory of 3. clinical knowledge
Nursing. 4. practical knowledge
 Nightingale’s Theory Focused on: 5. experience
1. Promoting patient’s recovery and well-being.  Environment – According to BENNER, BEING SITUATED
2. Putting the patient in the best condition for and SITUATED MEANING which are defined by the person's
nature or God to act upon him/her.
 engaged interaction, interpretation and understanding of the  Martha Roger – A person is an open system in continuous
situation. process with the open system that is the environment. A
 Novice – Stage of skill acquisition describes that the person unitary human being.
has no background experience of the situation in which he or  Dorothea Orem’s model is a constellation of interrelated
she is involved. theories. These are: Self-care deficit, nursing system, and
 Competent – An increase level of efficiency is evident. Time self-care
management and nurse's organization of the task are more  Self-Care is:
important rather than on timing. Nurse may display more 1. Performance or practice of activities that
responsibility for the patient. individuals initiate and perform on their own
 Proficient – Stage of skill acquisition where the performer behalf to maintain life.
perceives the situation as a whole rather in terms of aspects 2. Promotion of human functioning
and performance is guided by maxims  Wholly compensatory – The basic premise of Orem’s
 Expert – Stage of skill acquisition that is accomplished when Model is that individuals can take responsibility for their
the expert performer no longer relies on analytical principles health and the health of others. There are three (3) systems
like rules, guidelines and maxims to connect his/her that exist within the professional nursing practice model.
understanding of the situation to an appropriate action. When the nurse provides total care.
 The seven domains of nursing practice are:  Activities of daily Living – Self-care requisites are group of
1. Administering and monitoring therapeutic needs/requirements that Orem identified. Universal self-care
interventions and regimens requisites are associated with life processes, those that all
2. Monitoring and ensuring quality of health care people have. A common term for these requisites is ADL.
practices  King’s theory basic assumptions are:
3. Helping role 1. Nurse and client set goals mutually and then act
4. Effective management of rapidly changing situations to attain these goals
5. Diagnostic client-monitoring function 2. Decision making
6. Teaching/coaching function 3. Nursing Process
7. Organizational and Work-role competencies. 4. Communication
 Martha Roger – Her theory states that nursing focuses on  True – According to King, the goal of nursing is to help
people and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual individuals and groups attain, maintain and restore health. If
human-environmental field process. CHANGE OF PATTERN this is not possible, nurses help individuals die with dignity.
and the ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN-  Health – This is defined by Imogene King as the dynamic life
ENVIRONMENTAL FIELDS is transmitted in WAVES. experiences of a human being, which implies continuous
 Openness – The human field and environment field are adjustment to stressors in the internal and external
always exchanging energy. environment through optimum use of one's resources to
 Energy Field – The FUNDAMENTAL UNIT for both living achieve maximum potential for daily living
and nonliving according to Martha Roger
 King proposed that the nurse interacts in the system  Ingestion – This Johnson's subsystem is related to the
simultaneously of three different level: behavior surrounding the intake of food - related to biological
1. Social - How the nurse interacts with co-workers, system.
superiors, subordinates, and the client environment  Interpersonal Relations in Nursing – Peplau’s Theory
in general  Peplau identified correctly arranged four phases of the
2. Interpersonal - How the nurse interrelates with a nurse-patient relationship:
co-worker or patient, particularly in a nurse-patient 1. Orientation
relationship. 2. Identification
3. Personal - How the nurse views and integrates 3. Exploitation
self-based from personal goals and beliefs. 4. Resolution
 Stress and Reaction to Stress – the two main themes  Ida jean Orlando Professional Nursing Function-Organizing
(concepts) of Neuman's Theory. Principle is to focus on the process of care in an immediate
 Neuman delineated a three-step nursing process model situation. Deliberately nursing process that has elements of
which are: Nursing goals, Nursing diagnosis, Nursing continuous reflection as the nurse tries to understand the
outcomes meaning of patient's behavior they observe and what they
 Roy's Model is composed of four adaptive modes that need. The steps in correct order are:
constitute the specific categories that serve as framework for 1. Assessment
assessment: 2. Diagnosis
1. Physical 3. Planning
2. Interdependent 4. Implementation
3. Self-identity 5. Evaluation
 True – The goal of Nursing according to Roy is the  Nursing – According to Travelbee this is "an interpersonal
promotion of adaptation in each of the four modes process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists
 Dorothy Johnson – Health is an elusive, dynamic state that an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with
is influenced by psychological, social, and biological factors. experience of illness and suffering and to fine meanings in
also seen as opposite of illness. There is some degree of these experiences is necessary.
regularity and constancy.  Original Encounter – First impression by the nurse of the
 Attachment and Affiliation – According to Johnson there sick person and vice-versa. Nurse and patient see each
are seven sub systems. Each individual has patterned, other on stereotyped or traditional roles.
purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprise a  Lydia Hall's Core is based on social sciences, involves the
behavioral system specific to that individual. Functioning therapeutic use of self, and is shared with other members of
allows social inclusion, intimacy and the formation and the health care team
maintenance of a strong social bond- provides survival and
security.
 Final Examination  Empathy – When a nurse reaches a patient out through
putting themselves on the patient's situation
 Technological Nursing as Caring Model
 Equitability – It is a principle of justice and fairness in
a. It is the harmonious co-existence between technologies
human caring across healthcare systems
and caring in nursing.
 SYNCHRONICITY IN THE HUMAN–SPACE–TIME
b. Environment centers mainly on the technological world.
THEORY OF NURSING ENGAGEMENT:
 The process of Knowing is guided by technological knowing
in which persons are appreciated as participants in their care
rather than as objects of care
 Designing – In Technological Nursing as Caring Model, both
the nurse and the one nursed (patient) plan a mutual care
process from which the nurse can organize a rewarding
nursing practice that is responsive to the patient’s desire for
care.
 Participating in Appreciation – In Technological Nursing
as Caring Model, the simultaneous practice of conjoined  Holistic Nursing Interventions – These are the nursing
activities which are crucial to knowing persons. interventions provided to address the multidimensional
 Verifying knowledge – In Technological Nursing as Caring problems of cancer patients that can begiven in any setting
Model, the continuous, circular process demonstrates the where patients choose to be confined.
ever changing, dynamic nature of knowing.  Presence is being with another person during the times of
 The three-fold transformation leadership concept comprises: need. This may include: Therapeutic Communication,
Select all that apply: transformative teaching, self-mastery Active Listening, and Touch.
(care complex), servant-leadership spirituality  In the theory of nursing practice and career, the nurse can
 The 5 C's of transformational leadership: collegial, critical, help strengthen the family’s term of knowledge, skills, and
creative, contemplative, caring. attitude through employed informative techniques,
 Environment – is the world wherein there is always a behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, hypnotic techniques,
development. It is emphasized that the theory was focused effective communication, psychotherapeutic therapy, and
on the type of leadership in nursing need to cope up with this modeling.
changing world  Quality of Life – is a multifaceted construct that
 False – The acronym COMPOSURE stands for encompasses the individual's capacity and abilities with an
COMpassion, Presence and Prayer, Open-mindedness, aim of enriching life when it can no longer be prolonged
Stimulation, Understanding, Respect, and Relaxation, and  True – A system is composed of subsystems, each with its
Empathy. own function
 Respect – Recognizing patient's presence is a  In the Change Theory, a driving forces encourages or
COMPOSURE behavior of. facilitates movement to a new direction, goal, or outcome
 Faye Abdellah – The 21 Nursing Problems outlines the  Environment – In Leininger's Theory the totality of an event,
needed factors that must be met to have a healthy being. situation, or experience that gives meaning to human
Nursing is based on an art and science that molds the expressions, interpretations, and social reactions,
attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills of particularly, physical, ecological and sociopolitical and/or
the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, cultural settings.
sick or well, cope with their health needs.  Modes of action that are culturally based and thus consistent
 The 21 Nursing Problems Theory is separated into 4 with the needs and values of client to deliver care in the
categories: Basic Needs, Remedial Care Needs, manner best suited to a clients culture:
Restorative Care Needs, Sustenal Care Needs accommodation/negotiation preservation/maintenance
 Virginia Henderson – “The unique function of the nurse is repatterning/restructuring
to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of  Human Becoming – People let the world know who they are
those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he and who they are becoming in very individual ways (Nurses
would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will need to ask the right questions & pick up clues)
or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him  The Three principles of human becoming:
gain independence as rapidly as possible.” a. Structuring of meaning multidimensionally
 The 14 components of the Need Theory show a holistic b. Co-transcending with the possibilities
approach to nursing that covers the physiological, c. Co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating
psychological, spiritual and social  False – Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs a method of
 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention should be the classifying human needs and motivations into five categories
main focus in health care, and when health promotion and in descending order of importance: physiological, safety,
prevention fail to anticipate predicaments and problems, then social, esteem, and self-actualization
care in illness becomes the new priority  Social – Maslow's Hierarchy of Need that are for giving and
 Three Areas of Health Promotion in Pender's Model include: receiving of affection, companionship, satisfactory
Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior- interpersonal relationships, and identification with a group
specific cognitions and affect, Behavioral outcomes  Self-Actualization – Top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
 Expanding Consciousness This is a process of becoming  Social – Maslow's 3rd priority
more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of  Esteem – Maslow's 4th priority. Title, status, prestige,
reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other recognition, power.
people and the world  Industry v. Inferiority – According to Erick Erikson
 A universe of open system –the environment described by Middle/Late Childhood (6-puberty) Children direct their
Newman's theory. energy toward mastering knowledge & intellectual skills the
 True – If becoming "ill" is the only way an individual's pattern danger at this stage involves feeling incompetent &
can manifest itself then that is health for that person. It is an unproductive
assumption of Newman's Theory.
 Initiative Vs. Guilt – According to Erick Erikson 3-5
Preschool learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they
feel guilty about efforts to be independent