BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Semester Year Course Name Topics Cr Hr

III 2nd Physical Chemistry-I: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Phase 3+1

Foundations of Physical Equilibrium, Chemical Equilibrium,
Chemistry Solution Chemistry, Liquids

V 3rd Physical Chemistry-II: Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemical 3+1

Chemical Kinetics and Quantum Chemistry
Thermodynamics,
Chemical Kinetics and
Quantum Chemistry

VI 3rd Physical Chemistry-III: Electrochemistry and Photo Chemistry 3+1

Electrochemistry and
Photochemistry

VII 4th Adv. Phys. Chem-I Surface Chemistry and Catalysis 4

02751

Adv. Phys. Chem-II- Advanced Quantum Chemistry 4

02752

Adv. Phys. Chem-III- Group Theory & Symmetry 4

02753

Adv. Phys. Chem-IV- Lab-Work 3

02754

VIII 4th Adv. Phys. Chem-V- Solid State Chemistry and Diffraction 4
02851 Techniques

Adv. Phys. Chem-VI- Polymers Chemistry 4

02852

Adv. Phys. Chem-VII- Molecular Spectroscopy 4

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

02853

Adv. Phys. Chem-VIII- Lab-Work 3

02854

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Semester-III (2ND YEAR)

Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Code: CHEM-171

Credit Hours: 3+1

Course Objectives:

Students will be able to understand and acquire knowledge about the principles and
theoretical background of quantum chemistry, kinetics theory of gases and phase equilibrium.
The knowledge gained thus can be applied to study various aspects of quantum mechanics,
gas kinetic behavior and thermodynamics and phase equilibrium.

Course Contents:

Kinetic Theory of Gases:

Probability density for molecular speeds of gas molecules, Maxwell distribution of

molecular speeds, average speeds, pressure of an ideal gas, calculation of molecular speeds,
binary collisions, effusion and mean free paths, Maxwell- Boltzmann’s law of energy
distribution, method for the determination of the Avogadro’s number (NA), statistical
probability and entropy.

Phase Equilibrium:

Gibbs phase rule, Phase diagrams of one component and two component systems,
Gibbs energy and the phase diagram of a substance, location of phase boundaries,
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary liquid mixtures, binary
phase diagrams and lever rule.

Chemical Equilibrium:

General equilibrium expressions, reaction quotients, examples of equilibrium reactions

in solid, liquid and gas phases, extent of reactions and equilibrium constants, Gibbs
energies of formation and calculations of equilibrium constants, effect of

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

temperature and pressure on the equilibrium constants/compositions, van’t Hoff

equation, Le-Chatelier’s principle.

Solution Chemistry:

Physical properties of liquids, surface tension, viscosity, refractive index, dipole

moment etc. and their applications, brief account of interactions among the molecules in
liquids, ideal and non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s law and its applications, lowering of
vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure,
vapor pressure of non-ideal solutions and Henry’s law, abnormal colligative properties,
degrees of association and dissociation of solutes, osmotic pressure and its
measurement, fractional distillation and concept of azeotropic mixtures.

Liquids

Properties of liquids like surface tension, refractive index, dipole moment, viscosity,
parachor, reheochor and molar refraction as constitutive and additive properties:
measurement of surface tension, refractive index

List of Practicals:

1. Determination of composition of two liquids by Surface Tension Method and Calculation

of Rheochor for different liquids.
2. Determination of composition of two liquids by Viscosity Method and Calculation of
Parachor for different liquids.
3. Determination of composition of two liquids by Refractometric Method.
4. Determination of Molar Refraction, Specific Refraction of different liquids by
Refractometric methods.
5. Determination of Specific rate constant for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of esters.
6. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
7. Determination of Heat of Solution by Calorimetric Method.
8. Determination of Heat of Neutralisation of Strong acid and Strong Base by Calorimetric
method.
9. Study of adsorption isotherm of acetic acid-charcoal system.
10. Characterization of given compound by UV-Visible spectroscopy.

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Recommended Books:

1. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford University
Press, (2010).

2. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A., and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Jojn-
Wiley & Sons, (2005).

3. McQuarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D., Physical Chemistry – A Molecular

Approach, 1st ed., University Science Books, (1997).

4. Moore. W. J., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Longman Publisher (1972).

5. Keeler. J. and Wothers, P., Chemical Structure and Reactivity: An Integrated

Approach, 1st ed., Oxford University Press, (2008).

6. Helpern, A. M., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook

2nd ed., Prentice Hall, (1997).

7. Garland, C. W., Nibler, J. W. and Shoemaker, D., P., Experiments in Physical

Chemistry, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, (2003).

8. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5 th ed., W. H.
Freeman, New York, (2010).

9. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3 rd ed., Longman Group
Limited, New York, (1974).

10. Recent Review articles and updated literature.

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Semester-V (3RD YEAR)

Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I (Foundations of Physical Chemistry)

Code: CHEM-

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

Students will acquire knowledge to enable themselves to understand the fundamental

principles and laws of thermodynamics and chemical equilibria and to investigate the
Physical properties of ideal/non-ideal binary solutions. Students will also be able to study
the rates of reactions and perform related calculations.

Chemical Thermodynamics:

Thermodynamics and its applications, zeroth law of thermodynamics, first law of

thermodynamics and its applications, second law of thermodynamics and its applications,
four laws of thermodynamics and their applications, entropy, Enthalpy, Carnot Cycle,
thermo-chemistry, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, Laplace law of thermochemistry,
calorimetry, heat capacities and their dependence on temperature, pressure and volume,
reversible and non-reversible processes, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes,
relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant, derivation of
entropy from Carnot cycle, Physical significance of Entropy, Entropy change for an ideal gas,
Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Clasius-clayperon equation, applications of Clasius-clayperon
equation, Free energy and work functions, Vant-hoff isotherm, Fugacity and activity, etc.

Chemical Kinetics:

The rates of reactions, Kinetics of zero order reaction, kinetics of first order reactions,
kinetics of second and third order reactions with same and different initial concentrations,
Molecularity and order of reaction, rate constant of the reaction, half-lives of reactions,
experimental techniques for rate determination and methods for determination of order
of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate, and graphical methods), Arrhenius
equation, bimolecular collision theory of reaction rates and its failure, collision theory for
unimolecular gas phase reaction, Transition state theory, Kinetics of first order reaction

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

opposed by first order, kinetics of first order opposed by second order, kinetics of second
order reactions opposed by second order.

Quantum Chemistry

Quantum mechanics and its significance, Classical mechanic and its limitations,
electromagnetic theory of radiation, Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Planck
quantum theory of radiation, Application of quantum theory, difference between matter
waves and electromagnetic waves, comparison of classical and quantum mechanics,
Schrödinger wave equation and its applications

Recommended Books:

1. Iran N. Levine, Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Editions

Chemistry Series, 1995.

2. Mc Quarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D., Physical Chemistry – A Molecular Approach,1st

ed., University Science Books,(1997).

3. Atkins, P. and Paula, J.D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford University
Press, (2010).

4. Shoemaker, D., Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, (2003).

5. Silbey, R., Alberty, R. and Bawendi, M., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., (2005).

6. Glasstone, S., Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Macmillan London (1960).

7. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3 rd ed., Longman

Group Limited, New York, (1974).

8. Chaudhary, S. U., Ilmi Textbook of Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Ilmi Kitab Khana,
Lahore, (2013).

9. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W. H.
Freeman, New York, (2010).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

10. Linder, B., Elementary Physical Chemistry, World Scientific Publishing Co. Ptv.
Ltd., (2011).

11. Davis, W. M., Dykstra, C. E., Physical Chemistry: A Modern Introduction, 2 nd ed.,
CRC Press, (2011).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Semester-VI (3RD YEAR)

Course Title: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Electrochemistry and Photochemistry)

Code: CHEM-

Credit Hours: 3+1

Course Objectives:

Students will acquire knowledge and understanding about the theoretical and instrumental
as well as application related aspects of conductometric, electrochemical techniques,
alternative energy resources. They will also acquire information regarding photochemical
reactions, order of reactions etc.

Electrochemistry:

Fundamental concepts of electrochemistry (Conductors, types, Resistance and Resistivity,

Conductance and Conductivity, their units, Equivalent conductance, Molar conductance, Cell
constant, Variation of conductance with concentration, activity and activity co-efficient,
Kohlaursch’s law, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, Ostwald Dilution Law etc).,
Debye Huckel theory and its applications, Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions,
electrode potential, standard electrode potentials, liquid junction potential, electrochemical
series, Representation of a Cell, Measurement of Reduction Potential, , thermodynamics of
electrochemical systems, Relation between emf and K, Nernst’s equation, measurement of
pH and pKa, dynamic electrochemistry, Latimer Diagram, Relation between emf and
Enthalpy, Relation between emf and entropy, Various Types of Electrodes (such as Metal-
Metal ion electrode, Non-metal-Non metal ion electrode., Metal-Metal islouble salt/Sal anion
electrode., Metal-Metal oxide electrode., Gas Ion electrode, Oxidation Reduction Electrode.,
membrane Electrode., Glass electrode., Calomel Electrode., reference and indicator
electrodes), electrochemical cells, types, concentration cells, chemical cells with
transference, chemical cells without transference, potentiometry, Applications of
electrochemistry in energy related materials electrodes and the electrode interface reactions.

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Photochemistry:

Principles of photochemistry, laws of photochemistry, Einstein’s law of

photochemical equivalence, rates of intramolecular processes, chemical reactions and
quantum yields with examples, energy transfer in photochemical reaction, quantum yield of
emission process radiation and nonradiation process, kinetics and quantum yields of
radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence, phosphorescence, inter-system
crossing, internal conversion, quenching) and Stern-Volmer reactions, photosensitized
reactions.

List of Practicals:

1. Determination of distribution coefficient of given compounds in appropriate immiscible

solvents.
2. To determine the relationship between optical activity and concentration by polarimetry.
3. To determine the specific angle of rotation of various optically active compounds by
polarimetery.
4. To Study the Rate of Hydrolysis of Sucrose when Catalyzed by a Dilute Solution of a
Strong Acid using Polarimetery.
5. Conductometric titrations of strong base versus strong acid.
6. Conductometric titrations of weak acid versus strong base.
7. Conductometric titrations of strong acid versus weak base.
8. Verification of Ostwald’s Dilution Law by conductivity methods.
9. Determination of molecular weight of given polymers by viscosity method.
10. Spectroscopic determination of Cu-percentage in the given sample.
11. To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using Solvent Extraction
method.
12. Potentiometric titrations

Recommended Books

1. Bockris J. O. M., and Reddy, A. K. N., Modern Electrochemistry: Ionics, Vol. I, 2 nd

ed., Plenum Press, London, (1998).

2. Hamann, C. H., Hamnett, A. and Veilstich, W., Electrochemistry, 2nd ed., Wiley-
VCH Verla Gnb H and Co. KGaA, (2007).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

3. Laidler. K. J., “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, (1987).

4. Bard, A. J. and Faulkner, L. R., Electrochemical Method: Fundamentals and

Applications 2 nd ed., John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2001).

5. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th

ed., John-Wiley & Sons, (2005).

6. Ball D. W., Physical Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Co. Inc., (2003).

7. Vertes, A., Nagy, S. and Klencsar, Z., Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry.

Volume 1: Basics of Nuclear Science, 1st ed., Springer, (2003).

8. Choppin, G., Liljenzin, J-. O. and Rydberg, J., Radiochemistry and Nuclear
Chemistry, 3rd ed., Butterworth- Heinemann, (2002).

9. Lovel and, W., Morrisey, D. J. and Seaborg, G. T., Modern Nuclear

Chemistry, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2006).

10. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford
University Press, (2010).

11. Somorjai, G. A. and Li, Y., Introduction to Surface Chemistry and

Catalysis, 2nd ed., John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2010).

12. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W.H.
Freeman, New York, (2010).

13. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed.,
Longman Group Limited, New York, (1974).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Semester-VII/ 4th Year (Advanced Physical Chemistry Courses)

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I (Surface Chemistry and

Catalysis)

Code: CHEM- 02751

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

Students will acquire knowledge about the important physical and chemical aspects of
nano and colloidal systems and the basics of thermodynamically and kinetically
stabilized nanoparticles and colloidal solutions. They will also learn about the
surfactant chemistry, characterization methods and applications of nanoparticles and
colloidal solutions.

Course Contents:

Surface Chemistry and Catalysis

Adsorption, types of adsorption, applications of adsorption, adsorption isotherm, types of

adsorption isotherm, Langmuir Adsorption isotherm, Postulates, Mathematical derivation
Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Applications of Langmuir isotherm, Unimolecular surface
catalyzed reactions, bimolecular surface catalyzed reactions (Langmuir Hinshel-wood
mechanism, Langmuir Rideal mechanism), Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, postulates,
mathematical derivation, BET adsorption isotherm, postulates, mathematical derivation,
Applications of BET adsorption, Surface area determination by BET, pore size of porous
materials determination by BET, Catalysis, Types of catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis,
homogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, applications of photocatalysis, Colloids and
nanomaterials, types of nanomaterials, applications of nanomaterials in catalysis.

Recommended Books:

1. Hunter, R. J., Introduction to Modern Colloid Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
(1994).

2. Poole, C. P. and Owens, F. J., Introduction to Nanotechnology, 1st ed., Wiley-

Interscience, (2003).

3. Klabunde, K. J., Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2003).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

4. Kolunsiki, K. W., Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience, 3rd ed.,
John-Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (2012).

5. Adamson, A. W. and Gast, A. P., Physical chemistry of Surfaces, 6th ed.,

Wiley-Interscience, (1997).

6. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., Oxford

University Press, (2006).

7. Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry, 6th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, (2004).

Semester-VII (4th Year)

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Advanced Quantum

Chemistry)

Code: CHEM-02752

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

Students will acquire knowledge about quantum chemistry including Schrödinger

wave equation and its applications to define the behavior and properties of different
systems. In addition they will learn about different molecular spectroscopic techniques.

Course Contents:

Quantum Chemistry:

Quantum mechanics and its significance, Classical mechanic and its limitations,
electromagnetic theory of radiation, Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Planck
quantum theory of radiation, Application of quantum chemistry, difference between matter
waves and electromagnetic waves, comparison of classical and quantum mechanics,
Schrödinger wave equation, de-Broglie wave equation. Schrodinger wave equation,
Compton effect, De-Broglie’s hypothesis, Eigen function and Eigen value, operators, Linear
operator, Hamiltonian operator, Laplacian operator, Approximate solution, the variation
technique, Application for diene molecules, Calculation of vibrational energy of diatomic
molecules, Calculation of rotational energy of rigid rotor.

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Recommended Books:

1. Fayer, M. D., Elements of Quantum Mechanics, Oxford University Press, London, UK,
(2001).

2. Becker, E. D., High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application, 3rd ed.,
Academic Press, New York, USA, (2000).

3. Graybeal, J. D., Molecular Spectroscopy, 1 st ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, (1988).

4. Hayward, D. O., Quantum Mechanics for Chemists, Royal Society Of Chemistry, (2002).

5. House, J. E., Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics 2 nd ed., Elsevier-Academic Press,

New York, USA, (2004).

6. Kirsten, H. J. W. M., Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrodinger Equation and

Path Integral 1 st ed., World Scientific Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., (2006).

7. Barrow, G. M., Physical Chemistry, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, (1996).

Semester-VII (4th Year)

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-III (Group Theory and

Symmetry Chem: 02753):

Symmetry in general perspective, symmetry operations (rotation, reflection, inversion) with

graphical and mathematical expression, Unit cell, indexing of the crystal faces,
Weiss and Miller indices, Indexing of hexagonal Unit cell, Bravais lattice, group theory,
point groups, Shoenflies notations, Symmetry of atomic and molecular orbitals, Hermann-
Mauguinnotatins, Method of stereographic projection, Introduction to various online sources.

Recommended Books
1. Crystallography by Dieter Schwarzenbatch, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Fundamentals of crystallography by Giocovozzoet al, Oxford Science Publications.
3. Structure Determination by X-rays Crystallography by Ladd & Palmer, Springer.
4. Principles of Protein X-rays Crystallography by Jan Drenth, Springer
5. Crystal Structures by M. O’Keeffe and B. G. Hyde, Mineralogical Society of America
6. Crystallography Made Crystal Clear by Gale Rhodes, Academic Press
7. Crystal Structure Determination by Werner Massa, Springer

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

8. Modern X-rays analysis on Single Crystals by Peter Luger, De Gruyter

Semester-VII (4th Year)

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV (Lab Work / Practicals)

Code: (CHEM-02754 LAB)

1. Kinetics of Saponification of ethyl acetate.

2. Determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactant by surface tension

method

3. Determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactant by conductivity method

4. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.

5. Study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.

6. Determination of Activation Energy of base catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

7. Determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

8. Characterization of the given compound by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

9. To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using Solvent

Extraction method.

10. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.

11. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4 / K2 Cr2 O7 in a given solution

by spectrophotometry.

12. Evaluation of pK a value of an indicator by spectrometric method.

13. Conductometric determination of hydrolysis constant (Kh ) of conjugate base of a

weak acid.

Recommended Books:

1. Silbey, R. J., Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., John-
Wiley & Sons, (2005).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

2. Ball D. W., Physical Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Co. Inc., (2003).

3. Vertes, A., Nagy, S. and Klencsar, Z., Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry. Volume 1: Basics
of Nuclear Science, 1 st ed., Springer, (2003).

4. Choppin, G., Liljenzin, J-. O. and Rydberg, J., Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry,
3rd ed., Butterworth- Heinemann, (2002).

5. Loveland, W., Morrisey, D. J. and Seaborg, G. T., Modern Nuclear Chemistry, John-
Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2006).

6. Atkins, P. and Paula, J. D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., Oxford University Press,
(2010).

7. Somorjai, G. A. and Li, Y., Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, 2nd ed.,
John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2010).

8. Laidler. K. J., “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, (1987).

9. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed., W.

H. Freeman, New York, (2010).

10. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed., Longman Group
Limited, New York, (1974).

7. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S. and Vyvyan, J. R., Introduction to

Spectroscopy, 4th ed., Brooks/ Cole Cengage Learning, (2009).

8. Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F. X. and Kiemle, D., Spectrometric Identification of Organic

Compounds, 7 th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2005).

9. Williams, D. H. and Flemming, I., Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 6th ed.,
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, (2008).

Semester-VIII/ 4th Year (Advanced Physical Chemistry Courses)

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-V (Solid State

Chemistry/Diffraction techniques)

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Code: CHEM-02851

Credit Hours: 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Solid State Chemistry/Diffraction techniques

History and overview of X-rays diffraction, comparison with spectroscopic methods, Bragg’s
law, Difference between reflection, refraction and diffraction, generation of X-rays and
instrumentation, diffractometers and synchrotron, Basics of wave theory, Diffraction from a
system of two electrons, from and atom and from a unit cell, Atomic form factor, Structure
factor and electron density, Fourier synthesis, Steps involved in crystal structure
determination by diffraction techniques, crystal growth, Co-crystallization and
polymorphism, Supramolecular crystal engineering, methods of diffraction data collection,
structure solution and refinement, Molecular modelling, Introduction to CIF and PDF file, A
brief introduction to powder diffraction method
Recommended Books:

1. Crystallography by Dieter Schwarzenbatch, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Fundamentals of crystallography by Giocovozzoet al, Oxford Science Publications.
3. Structure Determination by X-rays Crystallography by Ladd & Palmer, Springer.
4. Principles of Protein X-rays Crystallography by Jan Drenth, Springer
5. Crystal Structures by M. O’Keeffe and B. G. Hyde, Mineralogical Society of America
6. Crystallography Made Crystal Clear by Gale Rhodes, Academic Press
7. Crystal Structure Determination by Werner Massa, Springer
8. Modern X-rays analysis on Single Crystals by Peter Luger, De Gruyter

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-VI (Polymers Chemistry)

Code: CHEM- 02852

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

Students will learn the fundamental principles of polymerization, synthesis methods and
reaction mechanisms, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the Polymerization, and physical

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

and mechanical properties of polymers. Students will also know about the polymer
characterization techniques and various applications of polymers.

Polymers Chemistry:

Introduction, Classification and Nomenclature of polymer, Thermoplastic and thermosetting

polymer, Difference between macromolecule and polymer, Degree of polymerization,
Polydispersity index, Physical states of polymers, Comparison between Condensation and
Addition polymerization, Polymer structure and physical properties, Gel permeation
chromatography, Colligative properties and Molecular weight, determination of weight and
number average molecular weight, Mechanism and kinetics of polymer formation,
Polymerization processes.

Recommended Books:

1. Sperling, L. H. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed., Wiley-Interscience,

New York, USA, (2006).

2. Boyd, R. H. and Phillips, P. J., The Science of Polymer Molecules, Cambridge, UK,
(1993).

3. Odian, G., Principles of Polymerization, 4th ed., Wiley Interscience, (2004).

4. Carraher Jr, C. E., Carraher’s, Polymer Chemistry, 8th ed., CRC Press, Inc., (2010).

5. Ravve, A., Principles of Polymer Chemistry, 3rd ed., Springer, (2012).

6. Stevens, M. P., Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press,
(1998).

7. Allcock, H., Lampe, F. and Mark, J., Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd ed., Prentice
Hall, (2003).

8. Flory, J., Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press (1953).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I (Molecular Spectroscopy

and Statistical Thermodynamics)

Code: CHEM-02853

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

Students will develop understanding of the various types of electromagnetic radiations

and their interactions with matter. Special emphasis will be given on physical phenomena,
while interaction the radiation with matter and mathematical relations, that are the basis of
various types of spectra. In statistical thermodynamics, the students will learn the link
between microscopic properties of matter and their bulk properties.

Molecular Spectroscopy:

Introduction to molecular spectroscopy, Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with

matter, (i) microwave spectroscopy: types of molecules on the basis of moment of inertia,
the rotation of the molecules, rotational spectra (diatomic molecules, rigid and non-rigid
molecules), the intensities of spectra lines, the effect of isotopic substitution, polyatomic
molecules (linear molecules, Symmetric top molecules, Asymmetric top molecules),
techniques and instrumentation. (ii) Infrared (Vibrational) spectroscopy: The vibrating
diatomic molecule, Vibrational energy of a diatomic molecule, the simple harmonic
oscillator, Anharmonic oscillator, the diatomic vibrating-rotating molecule, the vibrations of
polyatomic molecules, the influence of rotation on the spectra of polyatomic molecules,
Symmetric top molecules. (iii) Raman Spectroscopy, history, theory, instrumentation and
applications (iv) ESR spectroscopy, theory, instrumentation and applications.

Recommended Books:

1. Atkin’s Physical Chemistry (Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, 8th Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2006.

2. Colin N. Banwell and Eliane M. Mcash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy,

McGraw-Hill Book Company, (1986).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

3. Seddon, J. M. and Gale, J. D., Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Royal

Society of Chemistry, (2001).

4. Laidler. K. J., “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, (1987).

5. Engel, T., Reid, P., Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Kinetics, 3 rd

ed., Prentice Hall, (2012).

6. Kondepudi D., Introduction to Modern Thermodynamics, John-Wiley & Sons,

(2008).

7. Braun R. D. and Walters F., Application of Chemical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, (1982)

8. Straughan, B. P., and Walker, S., Spectroscopy, Vol. 1 and 2., Chapman and Hall
Ltd., (1976).

9. Sathyanarayana, D. N., Vibrational Spectroscopy, Theory and Applications, New Age

International Publishers (2004).

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

Course Title: ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-VIII (Lab Work/Practicals)

Code: CHEM- 02854

Credit Hours: 3

Course Objectives:

The course will provide the practical grounds for the verification of fundamental principles of
physical chemistry and applications of these principles. In addition it will enable the students
to apply these practical methods in other branches of chemistry. Students will also learn the
advance techniques like XRD and cyclic voltammetry for characterization of materials.

Course Contents:

1. Determination of partial molar properties.

2. Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies.

3. Verification of Kohlrausch’s law.

4. Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials.

5. Determination of heat of solution, ionic reactions and other experiments from

thermochemistry.

6. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.

7. Precipitation value of electrolytes.

8. Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation.

9. Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its

interpretation.

10. Verification of Onsager equation and determination of equivalent conductance at

infinite dilutions

11. Determination of unknown concentration by beer lamberts law

12. Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method.

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BS Chemistry Revised & Updated Syllabus/ Physical Chemistry December 31, 2020

13. Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their characterization using IR and XRD
techniques.

14. Kinetics of fading of phenolphthalein in alkaline solution.

15. Study of the effect of pH on the rate constant of the reaction between iodide and
persulphate ions.

16. Determination of energy of activation of various reaction.

17. Kinetics of the reaction between methyl orange and peroxodisulphate ions in presence
of bromide ions.

Recommended Books:

1. Garland, C. W., Shoemaker, D. P., and Nibler, J. W., Experiments in Physical Chemistry,
8th ed., McGraw-Hills, New York, (2003).

2. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall Press,
(1974).

3. Halpern, A., McBane, G., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook, 3rd
ed., W. H. Freeman, (2006).

4. Athawale, V. D., and Mathur. P., Experimental Physical Chemistry, New Age
International (2001).

5. Farrington, D., Experimental Physical Chemistry, Biblio Bazaar, (2011).

6. Palmer, W. G., Experimental Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press
(2009).

7. Halpern, A., McBane, G., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory

Textbook, 3rd ed., W. H. Freeman, (2006).

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