Learning Area General Physics 2 Grade Level Grade 12

W1
Quarter Fourth Quarter Date

I. LESSON TITLE Electricity and Magnetism

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING 1. Identify the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced emf and
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) the magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law)
2. Compare and contrast electrostatic electric field and non-
electrostatic/ induced electric field
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Magnetic induction
Faraday’s Law
Alternating current, LC circuits, and other applications of magnetic induction

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 40 minutes)
In your Grade 10 lesson you had learned how electricity is related to magnetism, how electricity produces magnetism
and how magnetism produces electricity. In this lesson, you will study and learn the factors that affect the magnitude of the
induced electromagnetic force (emf) and the magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law).

Electromagnetic Induction was first discovered way back in the 1830’s by Michael Faraday. Faraday noticed that when
he moved a permanent magnet in and out of a coil or a single loop of wire it induced an emf, in other words a Voltage, and
therefore a current was produced. So, what Michael Faraday discovered was a way of producing an electrical current in a
circuit by using only the force of a magnetic field and not batteries. This then led to a very important law linking electricity
with magnetism, Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
So how does this work?
When the magnet shown below is moved “towards” the coil, the pointer or needle
of the Galvanometer, which is basically a very sensitive center zeroed moving-coil
ammeter, will deflect away from its center position in one direction only. When the
magnet stops moving and is held stationary with regards to the coil the needle of
the galvanometer returns back to zero as there is no physical movement of the
magnetic field.
Likewise, when the magnet is moved “away” from the coil in the other direction,
the needle of the galvanometer deflects in the opposite direction with regards to
the first indicating a change in polarity. Then by moving the magnet back and forth
towards the coil the needle of the galvanometer will deflect left or right, positive or
negative, relative to the directional motion of the magnet.

Electromagnetic Induction by a Moving Magnet

Faraday’s law of induction states that an electromotive force is induced by a change in the magnetic flux. Any
change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how
the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field
strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil
relative to the magnet, etc.

D. Development (Time Frame: 60 minutes)

Induced EMF
The apparatus used by Faraday to demonstrate that magnetic fields can create currents is illustrated in the following
figure. When the switch is closed, a magnetic field is produced in the coil on the top part of the iron ring and transmitted (or
guided) to the coil on the bottom part of the ring. The
galvanometer is used to detect any current induced in a
separate coil on the bottom.
It was found that each time the switch is closed, the
galvanometer detects a current in one direction in the coil
on the bottom. Each time the switch is opened, the
galvanometer detects a current in the opposite direction.
Interestingly, if the switch remains closed or open for any
length of time, there is no current through the galvanometer.
Closing and opening the switch induces the current. It is the
change in magnetic field that creates the current. More
basic than the current that flows is the electromotive force
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
(EMF) that causes it. The current is a result of an EMF induced by a changing magnetic field, whether or not there is a path
for current to flow.
So how much voltage (emf) can be induced into the coil using just magnetism. Well, this is determined by the following
3 different factors.
1). Increasing the number of turns of wire in the coil – By increasing the amount of individual conductors cutting through
the magnetic field, the amount of induced emf produced will be the sum of all the individual loops of the coil, so if there are
20 turns in the coil there will be 20 times more induced emf than in one piece of wire.
2). Increasing the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the magnet – If the same coil of wire passed through
the same magnetic field but its speed or velocity is increased, the wire will cut the lines of flux at a faster rate so more induced
emf would be produced.
3). Increasing the strength of the magnetic field – If the same coil of wire is moved at the same speed through a stronger
magnetic field, there will be more emf produced because there are more lines of force to cut.
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Learning Task 1:
Download the simulation activity.
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law
Steps: (Offline Simulation)
A. Click on the field lines option to see how the magnetic field
lines look as you move the magnet.
B. Click on the magnet and drag the magnet through the
loop of wire.
C. Change the speed and reverse the magnet. Repeat
procedure B.
I. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you observe on the Galvanometer as the magnet goes through the loop of wire?
2. Turn the magnet around using the button at the bottom. How does reversing the magnet change the readings on the
galvanometer?
3. Make an observation of the Galvanometer reading in terms of the amount of magnetic field lines going through the
loop of wire.
II. Based from your simulated experiment, answer the T/F questions below. Remember, emf is another name for voltage.
1. The magnitude of the induced emf (electromotive force) depends on the speed of the bar magnet.
2. The mere presence of the bar magnets field induces an emf in the coil.
3. The direction of the induced emf depends on the speed of the magnet.
4. The direction of the induced depends on which pole (N/S) moves toward the coil.
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 40 minutes)

Electromagnetic induction is put into practical use in the construction of electrical generators which use mechanical
power to move a magnetic field past coils of wire to generate voltage. However, this is by no means the only practical use
for this principle.
Real-life applications of Faraday's Law
Choose one of the following devices and do some research on the internet, or in a library, how your device works. You will
need to refer to Faraday's Law in your explanation.
• induction stoves
• tape players
• metal detectors
• transformers
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer based on what you have learned in this lesson.
1. Can you produce current in a wire with a magnet that is sitting still?
a. Yes; having a magnet near a wire is enough to excite the electrons
b. No; magnets cannot create electricity
c. No; the magnetic field has to be changing to excite the electrons
d. Cannot be predicted
2. A coil spins in a magnetic field. Of the following which causes an increase in the induced EMF in the coil?
a. Spinning the coil faster c. Keeping the flux at a constant rate
b. Removing the coil from the magnetic field d. Decreasing the number of turns of wire in the coil

3. What would happen if you move a bar magnet in and out of a coil of copper wire?
a. Electric current would disappear c. The magnet would explode
b. Electric current will flow through the wire d. It would produce a gravitational field
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
4. He formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction.
a. Andre-Marie Ampere c. Michael Faraday
b. Heinrich Hertz d. James Clerk Maxwell
5. What basic principle enables ALL electric generators to operate?
a. A current-carrying conductor placed within a magnetic field will experience magnetic force.
b. Opposite electric charges attract and like charges repel.
c. A closed-loop conductor within a changing magnetic field will have an induced electromotive force.
d. Iron is the only element that is magnetic.

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the
column for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/
lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target
content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to
do/perform this task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6
VII. REFERENCES
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-11/electromagnetism/10-electromagnetism-03
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction.html

Prepared by: GINA L. MARBIDA Checked by: Jocelyn Reyes

Willma G. Flores
Leilane P. Legacion
 Learning Area General Physics 2 Grade Level Grade 12
W2
Quarter Fourth Quarter Date

I. LESSON TITLE Electricity and Magnetism

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Calculate the induced emf in a closed loop due to a time varying magnetic flux
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) using Faraday’s Law
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Faraday’s Law

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 45 minutes)
In the previous lesson, you had discovered Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction and the factors that affect
the magnitude of the induced emf and the magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law).
Two scientists are given credit for the discovery of electromagnetic induction: the Englishman Michael Faraday
(1791-1867) and the American Joseph Henry (1797-1878). Although Henry was the first to observe electromagnetic induction,
Faraday investigated it in more detail and published his findings first. Consequently, the law that describes this phenomenon
bears his name. Michael Faraday performed in 1831 the first productive experiments concerning the effects of time-varying
magnetic fields.
One of his early experiments is
represented in Figure 1. An emf is induced when
the magnetic field in the coil is changed by
pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil.
Electromotive force (EMF)—The voltage
generated by a battery or by the magnetic force
according to Faraday’s Law. It is measured in units
of volts, not newtons, and thus, is not actually a
force. Emfs of opposite signs are produced by
motion in opposite directions, and the directions
of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The
same results are produced if the coil is moved
rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion
that is important. The faster the motion, the greater
the emf, and there is no emf when the magnet is
stationary relative to the coil.

Figure 1: Movement of a magnet relative to a coil produces emfs as shown (a–d). The same emfs are
produced if the coil is moved relative to the magnet. This short-lived emf is only present during the
motion. The greater the speed, the greater the magnitude of the emf, and the emf is zero when
there is no motion, as shown in (e).

D. Development (Time Frame: 60 minutes)

The magnetic field has two main characteristics. The first one is the magnitude B of the field and is measured in teslas (symbol
T), or newtons per meter per ampere. The second - magnetic flux Φ - is defined as the measure of the strength of a magnetic
field passing through a given area and is measured in webers (symbol Wb).

Magnitude and flux are interdependent - you can use the equation below to easily switch between them. A stands for the
cross-sectional area of the coil, in which the EMF is induced.

Φ=B*A

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

The emf, E, produced around a loop of conductor is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux, φ, through the
area, A, of the loop. This can be stated mathematically as:

where ϕ=B⋅A and B is the strength of the magnetic field. N is the number of
circuit loops. A magnetic field is measured in units of teslas (T). The minus sign
indicates direction and that the induced emf tends to oppose the change in
the magnetic flux. The minus sign can be ignored when calculating
magnitudes.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
How do we calculate for the electromotive force?
Usually, you won't immediately know what magnetic flux is in the coil. But don't worry, though - our electromagnetic
induction calculator can find it, too! Just follow the steps below to calculate the induced voltage.

Decide on the cross-sectional area and the number of turns in the loop. For example, you can use a circular coil with a
cross-section of 30 cm² and with ten turns.

Find out what is the magnitude of the magnetic field. For instance, we can assume a field of 0.4 teslas.

Calculate the change in magnetic flux as the product of magnetic field and the cross-sectional area:

dΦ = B * A

dΦ = 0.4 * 30 * 10⁻⁴ = 0.0012 Wb

Now, determine how long it takes the magnetic field to change by 0.4 T. We can assume that it took 8 seconds.

Use the Faraday's law formula to calculate the electromotive force:

EMF = - N * dΦ / dt

EMF = - 10 * 0.0012 / 8 = -0.0015 V

The induced voltage is equal to 0.0015 V. The minus sign indicates that the direction of the current opposes the direction
of the magnetic flux.

E. Engagement (Time Frame: 60 minutes)

Learning Task 1.
Problem Solving: Use the Faraday’s Law Formula to solve the following problem. Show your solution.

1. A coil of wire of 20 turns has across sectional area of 0.1 m 2. A magnetic field of 0.5T passes through the coil
parallel to the plane of the coil. What is the total magnetic flux through the coil?

2. A small 10 mm diameter permanent magnet produces a field of 100 mT. The field drops away rapidly with
distance and is negligible more than 1 mm from the surface. If this magnet moves at a speed of 1 m/s through a
100-turn coil of length 1 mm and diameter just larger than the magnet, what is the EMF induced?

3. A uniform magnetic field its intensity is 3x10-3 T pass an area of coil with 100 turns which makes 60 angles with the
coil. What is the area of the coil if the magnetic flux is 0.15 Wb?

4. A UHF television loop antenna has a diameter of 11 cm. The magnetic field of a TV signal is normal to the plane
of the loop and, at one instant of time, its magnitude is changing at the rate 0.16 T/s. The magnetic field is uniform.
What emf is induced in the antenna?

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 30 minutes)

Can you identify what is described in each statement?

_________________1. The voltage generated by a battery.

_________________2. It is the unit of magnetic flux.
_________________3. It is the unit of Electromotive force
_________________5. It is the measure of the strength of a magnetic field passing through a given area.
_________________6. The symbol for magnetic flux
_________________7. If the number of loops increases, the value of emf __________.
_________________8. He was the first to observe electromagnetic induction.
_________________9. States that the emf, E, produced around a loop of conductor is proportional to the rate of change of
the magnetic flux, φ, through the area, A, of the loop.
_________________10. It indicates that the direction of the current opposes the direction of the magnetic flux.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer based on what you have learned in this lesson.
1. Voltage can be induced in a wire by
a. moving the wire near a magnet.
b. changing the current in a nearby wire.
c. moving a magnet near the wire.
d. all of these.

2. What is the direction of the induced magnetic field?

a. Left b. Up c. Right d. Down

3. Magnetic flux is related to magnetic field strength by the formula.

a. Φ=BA b. Φ=B/A c. Φ=BA2 d. Φ=B/A2

4 The diagram shows four loops (A, B, C, D) are placed in uniform magnetic field B. Use the values in this diagram then
order the values of magnetic flux ascending.
(Hint: circle area A= π r2).
a. ɸA < ɸB < ɸC < ɸD c. ɸD < ɸB < ɸC < ɸA
b. ɸD < ɸC < ɸB < ɸA d. ɸA < ɸB < ɸD < ɸC
5. A uniform magnetic field its intensity is 3x10-3 T pass an area of coil with 100 turns which makes 60˚ angle with the coil.
What is the area of the coil if the magnetic flux is 0.15 Wb?
a. 0 m2
b. 0.57 m2
c. 0.5 m2
d. 1 m2

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _15 minutes________)

• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the
column for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/
lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target
content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to
do/perform this task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES Cutnell, J.D., Johnson K.W. (2007). Physics 7th Edition, C&E Publishing, pp. 694-695
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-11/electromagnetism/10-electromagnetism-03
https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/faraday#magnetic-field-and-flux
https://brainly.in/question/7134020
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction.html

Prepared by: Gina L. Marbida Checked by: Jocelyn B. Reyes

Lailane P. Legacion