TM-1813 AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1) Stairs Ladders and Handrail Modelling Rev 3.0
TM-1813 AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1) Stairs Ladders and Handrail Modelling Rev 3.0
1)
Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Modelling Training Guide
TM-1813
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AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1)
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Aim ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
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Exercise 1 - Creating and Modifying Stairs ............................................................................................... 47
6 Handrails ........................................................................................................................................ 93
6.1 Handrail Hierarchy Overview........................................................................................................................93
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CHAPTER 1
1 Introduction
The AVEVA™ E3D Design Stairs, Ladders, and Handrails application is part of the STRUCTURES discipline that
enables designers to construct accurate and detailed 3D models. This training guide provides specific training
for the Stairs, Ladders and Handrails application.
1.1 Aim
The aim of this training guide is to provide designers with the skills and knowledge necessary to create, modify
and check stair, ladder, and handrail elements using the Stairs, Ladders and Handrails application.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of the training course are to:
• Explain how to create and modify Stair Flight, Rung Ladder, Step Ladder and Handrail elements.
1.3 Prerequisites
It is expected that trainees will have completed the TM-1812 AVEVA E3D Design Structural Modelling course.
• Menu pull-downs and button click actions are indicated by bold blue text
• Information that needs to be entered into the software will be in bold red text
• System prompts, example files or inputs will be bold italic black text
• Example files or inputs will be in the courier new font, colours and styles used as before.
• Products, Applications, Modules, Toolbars, Explorers and other significant software elements will be in
bold black text
• Other areas in this Training Guide will be presented with italic blue text and an accompanying icon to
classify the type of additional information.
Additional information
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Refer to other documentation
The following icons will be used to identify industry or discipline specific content
Plant - Content specific to the Plant industry Marine - Content specific to the Marine industry
User: A.STEELMAN
Password: A
MDB: A-STRUCTURAL
On the TOOLS tab in the Training group, click the Setup button to display the Training Setup
form.
On the Structures tab, select the Stairs, Ladders & Handrail radio button. Check the Setup Training Course
checkbox, click the Apply button and close the form.
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CHAPTER 2
The Standards used by SLH are a set of geometric constraints. International, National, project, or industry
standards can be used in the determination of geometry for stair, rung ladder, step ladder and handrail
elements. Any number of standards may be used in a project.
Defaults provide an interpretation of a referenced standard and allow SLH Administrators to implement
preferred working practises. This gives SLH Administrators control over the displayed and pre-populated
options within forms for a number of SLH elements.
The values used within a Default must comply with the maximum and/or minimum values of the Standard it
references. In addition, SLH Administrators may stipulate valid values for certain geometric parameters. For
example, the width between stair stringers may be limited to a series of values that coincide with the width
of supplied stair treads.
Defaults are also used to associate assemblies with standards. The range of elements available for selection
in the Creation and Modification forms will be governed by the Default selected.
Forms relating to the settings of Standards and Defaults are only accessible to SLH Administrators. An example
of these forms and a typical user form referencing a default and standard are shown overleaf.
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Detailed guidance on the administration of the AVEVA E3D Design SLH application is provided in TM-1864
AVEVA™ E3D Design Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Administration training guide.
2.1.2 Assemblies
The SLH application utilises a range of pre-defined assemblies to represent SLH model elements. A number of
sample assemblies are provided. Further assemblies can be created using SLH assembly constructors in
conjunction with standard catalogue and template functionality. A typical assembly selection is displayed
below.
The ability to modify the representation of SLH elements is subject to the mode of operation being used and
the degree of customisation applied to user defined assemblies.
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The SLH application enables elements to be created in Layout mode or Detail mode, as
described in the following sections.
Layout mode allows designers to implement a range of SLH elements, compliant to the referred standard,
without the need to specify an exact representation. The representation is intended as an indicative display
and its representation cannot be significantly modified by the user. The created elements do not own
traditional structural elements (e.g. sections, panels) and assemblies containing such elements cannot be
selected.
Elements created in Layout mode can be converted to Detail mode at a later stage.
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Detail mode enables designers to provide greater accuracy and representation to modelled elements. A range
of assembly options, governed by the Default selected, allow the designer to view and select the exact
representation of the element. The range of assemblies available in detailed mode is controlled by the SLH
Administrator.
Model elements created in Detail mode cannot be converted to Layout mode. Equally, Layout mode elements
that are converted to Detail mode can never be reverted to Layout mode.
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The STAIRS LADDERS HANDRAIL tab contains SLH application specific functions.
The STAIRS LADDERS HANDRAILS tab will generally be referred to as the SLH tab in this training guide.
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The SLH tab has four groups. Create, Modify, Delete and Tools.
Generally, when a button is clicked a form is displayed which is docked on the right-hand side of the 3D View.
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On successful completion of a page the text displaying the name of the page in the top part of the form
changes to become a link label. This enables navigation between completed pages and editing of previous
settings.
Similar functionality is reflected in the Summary section at the bottom of the form. Successfully selected
geometry parameters change to link labels; enabling navigation to the parameter was set.
Autonaming – names the element being created using pre-defined naming rules.
Show Dimension – displays a graphical aid showing the geometry parameter being considered.
Next – arrow button that takes the user to the next page of the form.
Back – arrow button that takes the user to the previous page of the form.
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Before physical model elements can be created a number of administrative elements must be in place.
Administrative elements divide the model into structured areas and own the geometric elements that make
up the physical representation of the model.
As with all AVEVA E3D Design databases, the uppermost element is the World represented symbolically as /*.
SITE and ZONE elements are also required to own hierarchy elements relating to the structural disciplines.
Structure (STRU), Framework (FRMW), or Sub-frame (SBFR) elements are all legal owners of SLH elements.
Within the SLH hierarchy further administrative elements exist for Handrail (HANDRA), Stair Flights (STRFLT),
Step Ladders (SLADDR) and Rung Ladders (RLADDR).
The data components owned by these items will vary depending on the mode used to create the elements
and the type of SLH element created.
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CHAPTER 3
3 Stair Flights
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Stair Flight (STRFLT) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode stair flights is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of stair flights.
Element Description
The hierarchy diagram represents a stair flight created in Layout mode with handrail applied to both stringers.
A STRFLT element owns an RPATH element defining the stair flight centreline route and two HANDRA
elements. In turn, the HANDRA elements own RPATH elements that define the handrail route along each
stringer.
Pre-defined element representations are applied to the RPATH, providing the physical representation of the
stair flight in the model.
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This hierarchy represents a stair flight created in Detail mode with top and bottom extensions, an intermediate
landing, and handrail on both stringer elements. To support this degree of detail, a broader hierarchy of
elements is required.
Some elements within the hierarchy may own template items. Handrail elements within detailed stair flights
are more complex and are considered in greater detail later in this guide.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Stair Flight button displays the Create Stair Flight form.
Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or five pages for the creation process.
Creating stair flights using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.
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The format of the Create Stair Flight form is typical of other creation forms within the SLH application. It makes
use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are some
features unique to the creation of which are described in the following sections.
The FROM reference point has particular significance as it uses the selected edge to set the direction of the
stair flight. The direction of the stair flight will be perpendicular to the direction of the selected edge.
When selecting the TO Reference Point, the user can select from two methods; connecting to an Edge or
connecting to a Plane.
If the Edge option is selected, the same process as that of the FROM reference point described previously
must be followed.
If the Plane option is selected, a suitable planar element must be selected, or an elevation entered in the
Elevation textbox.
If the direction of the stair flight is incorrect, as shown by the aid graphics, the Flip Direction button may be
used to change the direction by 180°.
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Since only one edge is defined, the user has the option of
selecting if the stair flight is to run up or down from the
picked edge using the Up and Down radio buttons in the
Direction section of the form.
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Clicking the Pick Support Element button allows the user to pick a supporting element for the stair
flight. The supporting element must be a GENSEC. The selected element will be highlighted red in
the 3D View.
Joints between the stringers a supporting element must be applied as a separate activity. AVEVA E3D
Design does not currently supply sample joints for these connections.
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Six configurations are available between two edges and two configurations are available for stair flights to
planar surfaces. The supported configurations are detailed below.
Configuration Description
To plane with no extensions – The stair flight must have a planar element as its
TO reference point. No extension is allowed at the upper edge.
To plane with top extension – The stair flight must have a planar element as its
TO reference point. An extension is permitted at the upper edge.
Configuration Description
Bottom extension – An extension is only allowed at the lower edge of the stair
flight.
Top extension – An extension is only allowed at the upper edge of the stair
flight.
Top and bottom Extension – An extension is allowed at the upper and lower
edge of the stair flight.
Initial rise without Extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of the
stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the lower
edge position. No extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.
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Initial rise with top extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of the
stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the lower
edge position. An extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.
The availability of stair flight configurations and customisation options is controlled by the SLH Administrator
via settings in the SLH Defaults. A minimum of one configuration is needed for both edges to edge stair flights
and edge to plane stair flights. Different defaults may allow different combinations of stair flight to be
available.
The SLH Default used throughout this training course only allows four edge to edge and edge to plane
configurations. Initial rise stair configurations have been excluded.
Stair flights are initially assessed on the Pitch value set in the Default. Subject to the configuration selected,
other pitch options that conform to the referenced Standard are investigated during the creation process.
When Detail mode is used, the lower section of the Stair Configuration page contains a Pitch Validation frame.
The desired pitch and obtained pitch are reported to the user in this area, along with stair rise information
that conforms to the obtained pitch.
If an alternative pitch is required the user can select it using the up and down arrows adjacent to the Desired
Pitch text field, or a valid pitch can be typed into the Desired Pitch text field directly. If an invalid pitch value
is entered, the text field will revert to the closest maximum or minimum pitch allowable in the default.
When a new pitch value is validated the aid graphics update to reflect the new geometry.
It is not possible to modify a Detail mode stair to become a Layout mode stair.
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The right and left arrow buttons can then be used to move the
stair by the specified increment.
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Remove the exterior Level 1 and Level 2 walls on the North side of the building from the Drawlist.
BUILDING_B01
A stair flight is created using two individual flights in the central bay between Level 1 and Level 2. The first stair
flight will be created and modified in Layout mode and the second stair flight will be created in Detail mode.
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Click the SLH > Create > Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form. Ensure the Layout radio
button is selected for the Representation Mode.
In Layout mode four pages of information are required: General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair
Configuration and Extensions and Landings.
In the General Attributes section select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list. Note that the Mandatory information
symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of the form and has been replaced with
blue tick adjacent to it and the text is now a link label. This indicates that the mandatory information for this
page is complete and the next page is available, however, further information may be added.
Select the Width option list and note the three valid
values contained within this default.
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This flight will extend between the floor of level 01 and the
stair landing.
Select the to Plane radio button and click the Pick Elevation
button to display the Pick Face or Edge prompt.
Click the Next arrow button to display the Stair Configuration page
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Available configurations are determined by the selected Default being used and the selection made for the
TO reference point, in this case to Plane. All permitted options are displayed.
Where the pitch exactly matches the criteria found in the default, a
Green filled circle will be placed in the header of the configuration.
Select the To plane with top extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.
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The stair flight can be moved to its correct position by using either the X Offset textbox or the Nudge arrows.
Regardless of the method used, it is important to remember that the adjustment is applied to the centreline
of the stair flight.
Select the North East corner of the stair landing. The aid representing the stair stringer is now be aligned
with the edge of the landing.
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View South
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The Extensions and Landings page allows the user to further customise the stair flight, provided the selected
configuration and geometry requirements allow.
As the selected configuration only uses an upper extension, the Extension Length textbox for the Lower
extension is disabled. The value used in the extension will default to the minimum value set in the Defaults.
Check the Landing checkbox. As the stair flight goes down to a plane, an intermediate landing can be added
without affecting the pitch of the stair flight. The Landing Length and Landing Thickness values are pre-
populated based on values held in the Default. Enter a value of 1000 in the Landing Length textbox. Leave the
Landing Thickness at the default value.
By default, landings are positioned as close to the middle of the stair flight as possible, that is, with an equal
number of rises above and below the intermediate landing. The position of the landing can be adjusted by
selecting the up and down arrows on the Rises Above or Rises Below counters.
View South
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Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer. Note the
elements created for a Layout mode stair flight.
Save Work.
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Click the SLH > Create > Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form. Select the Detail radio
button for the Representation Mode.
The process of creating a stair flight in Detail mode is similar to that of Layout mode. However, in Detail mode
five pages of information are required, i.e. General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair Configuration,
Extensions and Landings and Specifications.
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Click the Pick Edge (FFL) button then select the Eastern
edge of the stairwell on Floor 02.
View South
The stair flight can be positioned by using the X Offset or Nudge functions in a similar manner to the Layout
mode stair flight previously created.
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Creating stair flight in Detail mode enables validation of a variety of pitches for a selected configuration. The
application will attempt to use the default pitch set in the selected Default., however, other valid pitches can
be attempted by modifying the Desired Pitch within the range specified by the Standard via the Default.
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3.4.3.5 Specifications
The Specifications page enables the selection of appropriate profiles for the stringers and a catalogue or
template for the stair treads.
Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer. Note the
elements created for a Detail mode stair flight.
Save Work.
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Use the hierarchy contained within the FRMW STAIR-TOWER under the STRU B02-ACCESS. Use the BS-
PFC200x75x23 LTOP stringer profile and the Catalogue Variable tread profile for stairs created in detail mode.
Inset each stair flight 200mm from the East/West edge of the landing platforms.
1 Detail
2 Detail
3 Detail
4 Detail
5 Detail
Save Work
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CHAPTER 4
4 Rung Ladders
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Rung Ladder (RLADDR) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode rung ladders is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of Rung Ladders.
This hierarchy represents a ladder created in Layout mode. The ladder has a cage and a gate. The RLADDR
element owns the cage (RLCAGE) and gate (RLGATE) elements. Although the ladder stiles do not appear in the
hierarchy, all major attributes relating to the ladder’s geometry are owned by the RLADDR element.
In Layout mode, the representation rung ladder elements in the model is provided by a pre-defined
representation that are applied to the geometric attributes.
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This hierarchy represents a ladder created in Detail mode. The ladder has a cage and a gate as in Layout mode,
but a detailed hierarchy is used to support the detailed representation. For a Detail mode rung ladder, the
RLADDR element owns a Rung Set (RUNGSE), a Rung Ladder Cage (RLCAGE), and Rung Ladder Stiles (LDRSTR)
elements.
The RUNGSE owns a number of Rung (LDRRUN) elements while the LDRSTR element owns GENSECs
corresponding to the left and right stiles. The RLCAGE owns a Rung Ladder Gate (RLGATE) element (if created)
and a series of Cage Segment (CAGSEG) elements, one for each part of the cage. Within each CAGSEG are a
number of GENSECs representing the vertical bars of the cage and a Hoop Set (HOOPSE) element that owns a
number of GENSECs representing the horizontal hoops of the cage.
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Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has two or five pages for the creation process.
Creating rung ladders using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.
The format of the Create Rung Ladder form is typical of other creation forms within the SLH application. It
makes use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are
some features unique to the creation of Rung Ladders. These features are described in the following sections.
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The Omit Top Rung checkbox enables the removal of the top rung from the rung ladder. On selecting this
option an additional textbox is displayed allowing the Stile Extension length above the top rung to be specified.
This option automatically selects the Omit Cage checkbox and invokes its associated effects.
The Omit Cage and Omit Top Rung functions are incorporated to allow modelling of ladders suitable for
entering confined spaces where access requirements are unique and may be outside standard design
codes.
If the user selects a side exit, the Pitch field becomes inactive.
Changes to the pitch value are only possible for front exit
ladders.
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This can be seen in the following examples. Consider the structure below and two choices of exit edge
available, labelled points 1 and 2.
Applying a front exit ladder to the two Top Exit Edge positions produces the following results:
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Applying a left-side exit to the two Top Exit Edges produces the following results:
Picking the top exit edge at position 1 allows the ladder to be supported by the nearby perpendicular wall.
However, picking the exit edge at position 2 will result in the ladder being orientated in a manner that would
require an additional supporting structure.
Applying a right-side exit to the two Top Exit Edges produces the following results:
In this case, applying the top exit edge to position 2 is appropriate provided the ladder is positioned closer to
the nearby perpendicular wall. Selecting position 1 for the top exit edge would require an additional
supporting structure for the ladder.
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It is not possible to modify a Detail mode rung ladder to become a Layout mode rung ladder.
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The user could also modify the position of the Top Position
reference point by clicking the Modify Position… link label
and entering explicit co-ordinates.
The right and left arrows buttons are used to move the rung
ladder in the X or -X direction by the specified increment.
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In Layout mode two pages of information are required, General Attributes and Position and Elevation.
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In the General Attributes frame select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list. Note that the Mandatory information
symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of the form has a blue tick adjacent to it
and the text is now a link label. This indicates that the mandatory information for this page is complete and
the next page is available, however, further information may be added.
A Safety Gate is required. Select Right-side Hinge from the Safety Gate options list. All information for this
page is now complete. Click the Next arrow button.
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Top and bottom Reference Points are required for the rung
ladder.
Click the Pick Top Exit Edge (FFL) button and select the
Northern edge of the roof panel near the West end.
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The centre of the rung ladder, that is, the centre of the rungs and the mid-point between the stiles, is built at
the Foot Clearance criteria default distance away from the picked exit edge. Flipping the ladder maintains
the offset.
In some instances, the Foot Clearance at the top exit may not be
sufficient, i.e. if there is an obstruction closer to the rung ladder
within its climbing height.
In the Positioning Tools frame the clicking the Pick Foot Clearance Edge button displays the prompt ‘SLH Rung
Ladder – Pick Foot Clearance Edge:’
Picking a suitable edge moves the rung ladder in its –Y direction such that the default Foot Clearance value is
maintained at the picked edge.
The distance from the picked Top Exit Edge will increase and may need to be in-filled, depending on the
Standard being used.
In this worked example, all obstructions are in the same plane as the reference points, so no further action is
required.
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Rung Ladders are positioned based on their origin, which is at the mid-point between the stiles in line with
the ladder rungs at the picked Top Exit Edge.
All mandatory information is now complete, and the rung ladder is correctly positioned. Click the Build Rung
Ladder button and close the form. The aid graphics are converted to the Layout representation.
Navigate to the newly created RLADDR element in Model Explorer and expand the hierarchy. Note the
elements created for the Layout mode rung ladder.
Save Work.
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Click the SLH > Create > Rung Ladder button to display
the Create Rung Ladder form.
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In the General Attributes section select the SLH Training default, if not already selected. Enter
B01_LEV03_LADDER_1A in the Name textbox. Enter Escape Ladder B01 in the Description textbox.
Select a Left Side from the Exit Type options list. Note that the Pitch value
reverts to 90 degrees and that the Pitch field can no longer be edited. This
is because side exits rung ladders cannot be inclined.
Select Front from the Exit Type options list and re-
enter 80 in the Pitch textbox.
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Click the Pick Top Exit Edge (FFL) button and select
the edge of the roof panel of building B02
somewhere near the South West corner to display
an aid point and label.
Using the Positioning Control form settings of Graphics and Cursor, pick the southwest corner of the roof
panel of building B02.
The aid graphics update to reflect the new offset position. Click the Next arrow button.
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Users can rotate, pan and zoom into the previewed assembly
to ensure the correct item is selected.
4.4.3.4 Specifications
The Specifications page enables the user to select appropriate profile specifications and catalogue items,
limited by the Default being used, for the rung ladder being built.
In the Ladder Specifications frame the Rung and Stile elements are grouped together
Select the SB-D15 CTOP (PROFILE) Rung profile SB-FB100.0x8 for the Stile profile from their respective option
lists.
In the Cage Specifications section, the Hoop and Bar elements are grouped together. For the Cage
Specifications select the SB-FB50x5 LBOT Hoop profile and the SB-FB50x5 LMID Bar profile from their
respective option lists.
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The Ladder Details page enables the user to check any of the main geometry attributes of the rung ladder.
Some attributes may be modified with the range of the Standards criteria. Tool tips provide the range values
from the Standard associated with the selected Default.
By default, the Rung Spacing and Bottom Rung Spacing values are equal, however, the returned value may
not be suitable for fabrication. Enter 240 in the Rung Spacing textbox and note that the Bottom Rung Spacing
has been re-calculated.
The Rung Spacing and Bottom Rung Spacing may be made equal again by clicking the Equal button adjacent
to the Bottom Rung Spacing caption.
The aid graphics are replaced with the profiles and catalogue
elements previously selected.
Save Work.
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Plan North
Feature Requirement
Representation Mode Detail
Exit Type Front
Pitch 90 degrees
Width 600mm
Truncate Stile 50mm
Safety Gate Left-side Hinge
Assembly Training_Rung_Ladder_Assy_no_Flare
Rung Specification SLH_Complex_Variable
Stile Specification SB-FB100x10
Hoop Specification SB-FB50X5 LBOT
Bar Specification SB-FB50X5 LMID
Gate Specification 600mm_Rung_Ladder_Double_Chain
Save Work.
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CHAPTER 5
5 Step Ladders
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Step Ladder (SLADDR) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode step ladders is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of Step Ladders.
This hierarchy represents a step ladder created in Layout mode. The step ladder owns two handrail elements
(SLRAIL). Although the step ladder treads do not appear in the hierarchy, all major attributes relating to the
step ladder geometry are owned by the SLADDR element.
In Layout mode, the representation step ladder elements in the model is provided by a pre-defined
representation that are applied to the geometric attributes.
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This hierarchy represents a step ladder created in Detail mode. The step ladder has handrails as in Layout
mode, but a detailed hierarchy containing GENSECs is used to support the detailed representation. For a Detail
mode step ladder the SLADDR element owns a Tread Set (TREADS), and two Step Ladder Handrail elements
(SLRAIL).
The TREADS own a number of Tread (TREAD) elements while the STRSTR element owns GENSECs
corresponding to the left and right stringers.
The TOPEXT element owns a PANEL which represents the top extension plate, if required.
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Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or six pages for the creation process.
Creating step ladders using both representation modes are described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.
The format of the Create Step Ladder form is typical of other creation forms in the SLH application and makes
use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are some
features unique to the creation of Step Ladders. These features are described in the following sections.
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The Pitch options list displays all the available valid values for the
step ladder pitch. These are set in the Default being used, along with
a corresponding Pitch Line Offset for that pitch of step ladder.
It is common practice for the Pitch Line Offset dimension for Step
Ladders to change depending upon the pitch. This is controlled via
the valid values in the Default.
The FROM reference point has particular significance as it uses the selected edge to set the direction of the
stair flight. The direction of the stair flight will be perpendicular to the direction of the selected edge.
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Clicking the Pick Support Element button enables a supporting element for the step ladder to
be selected. The supporting element must be a GENSEC and is highlighted red in the 3D View.
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Joints must be applied as a separate activity. AVEVA E3D Design does not currently supply sample joints
for these connections.When selecting the TO Reference Point, two methods can be selected; to Plane
or to Edge.
If the to Edge option is selected, the same process as that of the FROM Reference Point described previously
is followed.
If the to Plane option is selected, a suitable planar element must be selected, or an elevation may be entered
in the Elevation textbox.
If the direction of the step ladder is incorrect, as shown by the aid graphics,
the Flip Step Ladder Direction button can be used to change the direction by
180°.
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Configuration Description
To Plane with No Extensions – The step ladder must have a planar element as
its TO reference point. No extension is allowed at the upper edge or at the
lower planar element.
To Plane with Top Extension – The step ladder must have a planar element as
its TO reference point. An extension is permitted at the upper edge.
Configuration Description
To Edge with Top Extension – An extension is only allowed at the upper edge
of the stair flight.
The availability of step ladder configurations and customisation options is controlled by the SLH Administrator
via settings in the SLH Defaults. The configuration down to a plane with a top extension is mandatory.
The pitch values are set by the Default and are generally set at 5°
increments between 60° and 75°, the safe working range for step
ladders determined by the Standard.
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Since the pitch does not meet the selected pitch, the configuration is
displayed with an orange circle, indicating that the pitch is within
allowable limits but does not exactly match the pitch set in the General
Attributes page.
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Four bottom shapes and six top shapes for the handrail are
supplied and all combinations are available, if required. All
assemblies are designed for a Flat Bar (FBAR) Gtype.
The assembly names are derived from the bottom and top
shapes. For example, B1T1 denotes an assembly combining
bottom shape 1 with top shape one.
It is not possible to modify a Detail mode stair to become a Layout mode stair.
The positioning options available for Step Ladders are the same as previously covered for Stair Flights.
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Navigate to SITE SITE-CIVIL-AREA01 and expand the hierarchy. Expand the hierarchy for ZONE ZONE-CIVIL-
AREA01. Select SLAB BASE_SLAB and add it to the 3D View.
BUILDING_B01
A step ladder will be created between the equipment support at Level +104880 and the intermediate platform.
The step ladder will be created in Layout mode, and then modified to Detail mode.
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Click the SLH > Create > Step Ladder button to display the Create Step Ladder form. Ensure the Layout radio
button is selected for the Representation Mode.
In Layout mode four pages of information are required: General Attributes, Reference Points, Step Ladder
Configuration and Step Ladder Details.
In the General Attributes frame select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list.
Note that the Mandatory information symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of
the form has a blue tick adjacent to it and the text is now a link label.
This indicates that the mandatory information for this page is complete and the next page is available,
however, further information may be added.
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Select the Pitch option list and note the three valid values,
60°, 65° and 70°, defined by the Default.
Select the Width option list and note the three valid
values, 500mm, 600mm and 700mm, defined by the
Default.
The Use Top Stringer Gap and Use Bottom Stringer Gap
check boxes are greyed out as stringer gaps are not
allowed in the Default.
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Select the to Edge radio button and click the Pick Edge (FFL)
button.
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Click the Next arrow button to display the Step Ladder Configuration page of the form.
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Available configurations are determined by the selected Default being used and the type of pick made for the
TO reference point (in this case To Edge). All permitted options will be displayed.
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Select the No top extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.
The Pitch for this configuration does not match the specified 65° pitch since the step ladder is edge to edge,
and the pitch is calculated as explained previously.
The step ladder can be moved to its correct position by using either the X Offset textbox or the Nudge arrows.
Regardless of the method used, it is important to remember that the adjustment is applied to the centreline
of the stair flight.
Enter a value of 550 in the X Offset textbox and click the X Offset
from button to display the Positioning Control form and set
Graphics and Snap.
Select the North East corner of the landing. The aid representing
the centre of the step ladder is now be aligned to the centre of the
platform panel.
Click the Next arrow button to display the Step ladder Details page.
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The Step Ladder Details page enables a check any of the main geometry attributes of the step ladder. Some
attributes may be modified with the range of the Standard’s criteria. Tool tips provide the range values from
the Standard associated with the selected Default.
If the user is uncertain of how the parameter is defined a check can be made by clicking the adjacent Show
Dimension button.
Leave all the Step Ladder details as they have been calculated and click the
Build Step Ladder button to create the Layout mode step ladder.
Navigate to the newly created step ladder and note the elements used to
create the step ladder in layout mode.
Save work.
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Click the Modify Step Ladder button and modify the step
ladder to the new settings.
Save work.
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Set the Width as 500mm and the Pitch to 65°. Select the
With Top Extension configuration.
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CHAPTER 1
6 Handrails
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Handrail (HANDRA) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode stair flights is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of handrails.
In detail mode, Handrail may be top mounted, or side mounted in continuous or panelled styles. however, in
Layout mode, handrail is always simply represented by continuous, two rail, top mounted handrail.
Layout Mode
Element Description
A Handrail element (HANDRA) owns a route path (RPATH), which in turn owns a number of route point
elements (POINTR).
Any openings or gates created in the handrail are considered Handrail Gate (HRGATE) elements. These
elements are owned by a Handrail Feature (HRFEAT) element, which in turn is directly owned by the HANDRA
element.
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Pre-defined representations are applied to the RPATH, providing the physical representation of the handrail
in the model.
Element Description
This hierarchy represents a Continuous handrail created in Detail mode. The HANDR) owns a number of
administrative elements that relate to significant components of a handrail.
The route of the handrail path is defined by a RPATH element that owns a series of Route Point (POINTR)
elements.
A Post Set (POSTSE) element owns a number of Handrail Post (HRPOST) elements. HRPOST elements may be
GENSECs, catalogue components or templates.
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A Rail Set (RAILSE) element owns one or more Rail (RAIL) elements and any Handrail Termination (HRTERM)
elements, if created. RAIL elements have a Profile Specification reference and HRTERM elements may be a
catalogue component or a template.
A Kickplate Set (HRKPSE) element owns Kickplate (KICKPL) elements which have a Specification Reference.
As with Layout mode handrail, openings and gates created in the handrail are considered HRGATE elements
that are owned by a Handrail Feature (HRFEAT) element.
Element Description
HANDRA Handrail element
HRPNSE Handrail Panel Set element
HRPANE Handrail Panel element
TMPL Template element
GENSEC General Section element
PANE Panel element
DPSE Data Point Set element
DDSE Design Data Set element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element
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This hierarchy represents a Panelled handrail created in Detail mode that utilises template panels. In this
case the handrail element (HANDRA) only owns three administrative elements.
As with the other handrail types described previously, the route of the handrail path is held as a series of
POINTR elements owned by a RPATH element. Openings and gates are both considered HRGATE elements and
are owned by a HRFEAT element.
For Panelled handrail a Handrail Panel Set (HRPNSE) element owns a number of Handrail Panel (HRPANE)
elements. In this example a Template (TMPL) element is used to provide physical representation of the panel
elements. This enables SLH administrators to utilise the advantages of Data Points and Data Sets in conjunction
with standard structural elements.
The Layout and Detail hierarchies used for handrail elements can be also be owned by Stair Flight (STRFLT)
elements.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Create Handrail button displays the Create Handrail form.
Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or five pages for the creation process.
Creating handrail using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this chapter
Although displayed as if mandatory, it is not necessary to navigate to the Openings page in order to create
Layout or Detail handrail.
The format of the Create Handrail form is typical of other create forms in the SLH application. It makes use of
many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. There are some features unique to
the creation of handrail. These features are described in the sections that follow.
Create Route Point functionality where individual route points are selected
Copy Route Path functionality where a route path is defined using an existing planar element or a stair flight.
The SLH Administrator can control the availability of the Copy Route Path functionality via the Default.
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Where the user selects an invalid element to copy the path from
an error message is returned to the user.
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Clicking the Yes button creates the Route Path as stated in the confirmation
message, while clicking the No button creates the opposite route.
Numbers Descending
Numbers Ascending
Other Route Point editing and creation functions can be employed after the Copy Route Path function has
been used. The Copy Route Path function can also be re-selected and applied to other valid elements.
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Stair flights can also be used to position route points in a conventional sense. By clicking the Create Route
Points… button components of the stair flight, for example stringers, can be used to establish the position of
route points at the selected FFL.
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As with other SLH elements, Detail handrail cannot be modified to Layout handrail.
Each of these modification functions is designed to modify the handrail in a different way. For example, the
Modify Handrail form enables changes effecting the entire handrail to be made. In contrast, the Modify
Handrail Components form allows specific elements of an established handrail to be modified.
In order to avoid unnecessary re-work; it is important to ensure that the path of the handrail, and the
positioning of openings within that path, are well established prior to detailing the handrail. It is recommended
that handrail modification tasks be considered in the following order:
To ensure that a modified handrail still complies with the original standard, a data checker can be used to
validate the design.
Use of the Data Checker with SLH elements is described later in this training guide.
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This form is used when fundamental changes are required to the design of the handrail, for example, the
handrail height or post spacing is to be changed, or the Route Path is to be re-defined. Minor modifications
or additions and modifications to individual elements of the handrail must be carried out using the Modify
Handrail Components form.
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6.3.3 Splitting
In order to split a handrail another item must physically intersect it. Where the same item intersects the
handrail in a number of places, individual splits must be undertaken at each location. Once the handrail has
been split a new HANDRA element and RPATH element are created.
Where a handrail forms a closed loop new HANDRA and RPATH elements are created only after a second
split is made.
Care should be taken when selecting split points to ensure the direction of the handrail is consistent, as it is
not possible to split a handrail where it changes direction.
The Split Handrail functionality creates new handrail elements. This type of splitting allows a long run of
handrail to be broken into many parts in order to obtain the correct layout for various sections of the handrail.
Using this method of splitting will remove any specific detailing that
may have been added to the handrail. As such, it is important to
consider how the handrail is sectioned early in the modelling process.
Panel handrail and handrail created using Layout mode can only be split using the Split Handrail utility.
The Split Rails form is designed for use at a later stage in the
modelling process. It enables handrail to be split around clashing
items in the path of the handrail or to remove localised sections of
rail and kickplate.
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The Split Rails on Element button utilises the limits box of the element intersecting the handrail. The utility
determines which rail and kickplate elements of the selected handrail intersect the limits box of the
penetrating element.
It then splits the effected rail/kickplate at the extremities of the limits box and removes any rail/kickplate
elements within the limits box. A Clearance value can be entered in the textbox of the Split Rails form. The
Clearance value sets the cut plane at the specified distance from the edges of the limits box, removing
handrail elements from a wider area.
A similar result could be achieved by using the Split Rails between 2 points button.
This functionality requires a series of graphical selections to identify the rail or kickplate element to be split
and two split points.
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6.3.4 Merging
Two handrail elements can be merged to form one handrail element using the Merge Handrails functionality.
With a handrail as the current element, click the SLH > Tools >
Merge Handrails button displays the Pick handrail to be
merged to the current handrail prompt.
The current handrail when clicking the Merge Handrail button is the dominant handrail for the merge, that is,
the attributes of that handrail will be inherited by the handrail picked to merge into the current handrail.
Detail and Layout handrails can be merged, however, the first handrail selected must be a Detail mode
handrail. This follows the wider principle inherent to the SLH application that Detail mode elements cannot
be reverted to the Layout mode.
Handrails do not need to be co-linear in order to be merged. Offset handrail can be merged however, to ensure
the model representation is appropriate, the distance between handrails should allow sufficient space to fit
an S-curve, i.e. a length of at least two tangent offset values.
In addition to the Merge Handrails function the Modify Handrail Components form can be used to extend
individual rails. The form can be used to create co-incident start and end positions of rails from different
handrails. Although not a true merge in terms of hierarchy, the graphical appearance is similar.
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Click the SLH > Create > Create Handrail button to display
the Create Handrail form. Ensure the Layout radio button
is selected for the Representation Mode.
On the General Attributes page select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated this
Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list
This example does not use single rail handrail so ensure the Single Rail checkbox is unchecked.
Click the Next arrow button to display the Handrail Details page.
Details relating to the displayed geometry of the handrail can be adjusted using the Handrail Details frame.
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The Kickplate section enables the kickplate representation to be selected. The three buttons are:
• Segmented Kickplate – this option creates a new KICKPL element at every change in direction of the
handrail. The corners of the kickplate are not curved.
• Continuous Kickplate – this option creates a single KICKPL element that is curved at the corners.
Click the Next arrow button to display the Route Definition page.
The path of the handrail is defined by a series of route points that are owned by an RPATH element. Route
points can be created individually or by copying points from another element.
For Layout mode handrail, the handrail posts and rails are constructed directly on the route path. As handrail
heights are measured above Finished Floor Level (FFL), this level must be established prior to any route points
being created. The route path will be created at the FFL, which may be re-selected during route point
definition.
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With the FFL established, the functions in the Route Points section
are enabled. Minimum two route points are required for a handrail
to be constructed.
In this example, the vertices of the FLOOR element that forms the roof of building B01 will be used to create
the route points.
In the Route Points section, click the Copy Route Path button to display the
Pick element to copy route path from prompt
Clicking the No button on the Confirm message enables the vertices which will be used to create the route
path to be selected. On more complex elements, that is, with more potential route points, this enables the
exact path required to be created.
The Pick first route point: prompt is displayed. Select the aid sphere labelled 5. The point is labelled 5 – Start.
The Pick last route point: prompt is displayed. Select the aid sphere labelled 4 to display another Confirm
message is displayed asking if the vertices required are descending.
Clicking the Yes button would create a route path directly between points 5
and 4, that is, a straight line.
Clicking the No button would create a route path from point 5 to 4 through
points 1 and 2, that is, along three edges of the FLOOR element.
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As two or more route points have now been created, the buttons in the Route Path Tools section are now
enabled.
Click the Close Handrail button to form a closed loop around the roof of the building and click the Build
Handrail button. The aid graphics are replaced with the Layout mode representation of continuous handrail.
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The route path of the handrail is located at the edge of the FLOOR element. As the Layout mode representation
is top mounted handrail, the route path would normally be inset from the edge of the roof.
The access ladder and safety gate located on the northern wall of the building must also be taken into
consideration. The section of the handrail along the northern edge will be re-positioned using Model Editor.
The route path and route points are highlighted in red and the
current route point, i.e. the start, highlighted in turquoise.
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The handrail requires a gap for the ladder safety gate. Click the SLH > Modify > Modify Handrail button to
display the Modify Handrail form. The handrail reverts to aid line representation. Navigate to the Openings
page using the link label.
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The width of the opening is displayed below the grid and is pre-
populated with a value from the Default. Other widths may be
entered via the Width textbox.
Click the Add Opening… button on the form to display the Pick
position to insert gate: prompt and the Positioning Control form.
In the Openings frame the grid is updated with the new opening
details and additional buttons for the opening are displayed
beneath the Width textbox.
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Save work.
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Click the SLH > Create > Create Handrail button to display
the Create Handrail form.
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In the General Attributes section select the SLH Training Default. The standard associated with this default is
ISO 14122.
When handrail is created for detailed stair flights each side of the stair flight must be created individually. This
allows different assemblies to be applied on each side of the stair flight.
Click the Next arrow button to display the Route Definition page.
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The route for the handrail will be defined using Copy Route Path functionality applied to the stair stringer
after the selection of an appropriate FFL.
The handrail must be returned to an adjacent column to close off the stair well area.
In the Route Points frame click the Create Route Points… button.
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Expand the hierarchy of the handrail element and note the variety of
elements created compared to that of Layout mode.
Save work.
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• Initially model the handrail in Layout mode. Use the Copy Route Path functionality to create the initial
path of the handrail.
• Using Model Editor shape editing functionality inset the handrail by 200mm on all edges.
• Split the handrail to account for the stair tower structure. Delete the handrail segment that goes through
the stair tower structure.
• Add the access ladder to B01 into the 3D View. Using the Modify Handrail form create a gap in the
handrail to allow the access ladder safety gate to be accommodated.
• Modify the handrail representation to a Detail mode. Select the Key Clamp Handrail Size 8 assembly.
Keep the post spacing at 1000mm.
• Using Key Clamp Handrail Size 8 components and the Modify Components form:
• Swap Mid-Posts for Corner-Posts at all corner positions. Change the post justification to suit the
location.
• Swap Mid-Posts for Railing-End-Section terminations where the gap has been created for the access
ladder.
• Add Wall-Terminations where the handrail intersects the stair tower structure.
Save work.
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CHAPTER 7
7 SLH Utilities
AVEVA E3D Design has a number of utilities are available for use by designers and administrators. This chapter
provides an overview of some common utilities that supplement the SLH application.
• Model Editing
• Shape Editing
• Quick Routing.
These areas of functionality, with respect to SLH elements, are considered in the sections that follow.
For detailed instructions on the use of Model Editor refer to the TM–1801 AVEVA™ E3D Design
Foundations training guide.
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Shape editing functionality is restricted to handrail elements. Where a handrail is owned by a stair flight
shape editing functionality is also restricted.
The Route Path between Route Points can be selected in a similar manner by clicking the Route Path aid
representation between two Route Points. The Route Path segment and the Route Points at either end of the
segment are highlighted.
Multiple Route Path segments can also be selected. Typical Model Editor functionality, i.e. drag, offset and
align, is available in shape editing mode.
Route Path segments and Route Points can be de-selected by clicking on the appropriate aid representation.
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The handle at one end has multiple axes whilst the other
has a single, smaller axis.
One axis has an arrow and is the active axis which can be
dragged. Clicking any of the other axis makes it the active
axis
Press the Escape key to exit Quick Routing and Model Editor mode.
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AVEVA E3D Design has a Checker utility that can be used across a
variety of applications in the Model module. The Checker utility enables
the user to check the status and validity of SLH model elements. It can
be used to visually highlight elements that do not comply to Standards.
On the Home tab, in the Check group, clicking the Checker button
displays the Checker form.
The Checker utility is installed separately from AVEVA E3D Design. If the Checker form does not display,
or no checks are available, contact your administrator.
The form includes a class of checks specific to SLH elements. AVEVA provide a sample set of checks to
introduce users to this powerful utility. The functionality of the Checker can be customised or modified using
AVEVA PML functions to suit specific needs.
The checks are stored in a file named com-checks.pmldat located in the company or projects directory. The
checks can be ordered by Class and Groups.
Checks can be configured using the Data Checker Configuration form accessed by clicking the Config
button in the Data Checker group on the ADMIN tab.
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Once the Groups selection has been made the Checks list
is populated enabling the required check to be selected.
The results of the check are displayed on the Checker Results form. Elements displayed in the form can be
highlighted and navigated to by utilising the right-mouse click options.
The Results column says whether the check has Passed or Failed for the selected elements
The Reason column displays and a brief description of the reason for the failure.
Checking the Labels checkbox labels the elements in the 3D View when they are selected in the grid.
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