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TM-1813 AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1) Stairs Ladders and Handrail Modelling Rev 3.0

STAIRS

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
1K views126 pages

TM-1813 AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1) Stairs Ladders and Handrail Modelling Rev 3.0

STAIRS

Uploaded by

kike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 126

AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.

1)
Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Modelling Training Guide
TM-1813
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Revision Log
DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION OF REVISION AUTHOR REVIEWED APPROVED

22/05/2018 2.1 Issued for Review SM

25/03/2019 2.1 Reviewed SM NG

04/11/2020 3.0 Issued for Training AVEVA E3D Design SM NG ST

Updates
Change highlighting will be employed for all revisions. Where new or changed, information is presented
section headings will be highlighted in Yellow.

Suggestion / Problems
If you have a suggestion about this manual or the system to which it refers please report it to AVEVA Training
& Product Support at [email protected]

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licence conditions.

Visit our website at http://www.aveva.com

Disclaimer
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from viruses.

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or information; any special, indirect, consequential or pure economic loss, costs, damages, charges or
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the inaccuracy or invalidity of any data created by the AVEVA software, irrespective of whether such
losses are suffered directly or indirectly, or arise in contract, tort (including negligence) or otherwise.

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AVEVA™ E3D Design (2.1)
TM-1813

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Aim ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

1.2 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................................. 9

1.4 Course Structure............................................................................................................................................ 9

1.5 Using this Guide ............................................................................................................................................ 9

1.6 Setting up the Training Course .....................................................................................................................11

2 Overview of the Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Application ................................................................. 13


2.1 Principles Employed in the Application ........................................................................................................13

2.1.1 Standards and Defaults ............................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.2 Assemblies .................................................................................................................................................. 14

2.1.3 Representation Modes ............................................................................................................................... 15

2.1.4 Progressive Disclosure ................................................................................................................................ 17

2.2 Accessing the AVEVA E3D Design SLH Application ........................................................................................18

2.3 The SLH User Interface .................................................................................................................................18

2.4 SLH Form Layout and Features .....................................................................................................................20

Data Hierarchy and Element Types ..........................................................................................................................22

3 Stair Flights ..................................................................................................................................... 23


3.1 Stair Flight Hierarchy Overview ....................................................................................................................23

3.2 Creating a Stair Flight ...................................................................................................................................24

3.2.1 Reference Point Options ............................................................................................................................. 25

3.2.2 Stair Flight Creation – Calculate Mode ....................................................................................................... 26

3.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements.......................................................................................................... 29

3.2.4 Stair Configurations .................................................................................................................................... 30

3.3 Modifying a Stair Flight ................................................................................................................................31

3.3.1 Positioning Options ..................................................................................................................................... 32

3.4 Creating and Modifying Stair Flights – A Worked Example ...........................................................................33

3.4.1 Setting up the 3D View ............................................................................................................................... 33

3.4.2 Creating a Stair Flight in Layout Mode ........................................................................................................ 34

3.4.3 Creating a Stair Flight in Detail Mode ......................................................................................................... 41

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Exercise 1 - Creating and Modifying Stairs ............................................................................................... 47

4 Rung Ladders .................................................................................................................................. 49


4.1 Rung Ladder Hierarchy Overview .................................................................................................................49

4.2 Creating a Rung Ladder.................................................................................................................................51

4.2.1 Ladder Representation Options .................................................................................................................. 51

4.2.2 Top Exit Edge............................................................................................................................................... 53

4.2.3 Bottom Rung Spacing Options .................................................................................................................... 55

4.3 Modifying a Rung Ladder ..............................................................................................................................55

4.3.1 Positioning Options ..................................................................................................................................... 56

4.4 Creating and Modifying Rung Ladders – A Worked Example ........................................................................57

4.4.1 Setting up the 3D View ............................................................................................................................... 57

4.4.2 Creating a Rung Ladder in Layout Mode ..................................................................................................... 57

4.4.3 Creating a Rung Ladder in Detail Mode ...................................................................................................... 65

Exercise 2 – Creating and Modifying Rung Ladders .................................................................................. 70

5 Step Ladders ................................................................................................................................... 71


5.1 Step Ladder Hierarchy Overview ..................................................................................................................71

5.2 Creating a Step Ladder .................................................................................................................................73

5.2.1 Step Ladder Representation Options .......................................................................................................... 73

5.2.2 Reference Point Options ............................................................................................................................. 74

5.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements.......................................................................................................... 75

5.2.4 Step Ladder Configurations......................................................................................................................... 77

5.2.5 Step Ladder Handrail Assemblies ................................................................................................................ 79

5.3 Modifying a Step Ladder...............................................................................................................................79

5.4 Creating and Modifying Step Ladders – a Worked Example ..........................................................................80

5.4.1 Setting up the 3D View ............................................................................................................................... 80

5.4.2 Creating a Step Ladder in Layout Mode ...................................................................................................... 81

5.4.3 Modifying the Step Ladder.......................................................................................................................... 88

Exercise 3 - Creating and Modifying Step Ladders.................................................................................... 91

6 Handrails ........................................................................................................................................ 93
6.1 Handrail Hierarchy Overview........................................................................................................................93

6.2 Creating Handrail .........................................................................................................................................96

6.2.1 Route Definition – Planar Elements ............................................................................................................ 97

6.2.2 Route Definition – Stair Flights ................................................................................................................... 99


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6.3 Modifying Handrail .....................................................................................................................................100

6.3.1 The Modify Handrail Form ........................................................................................................................ 101

6.3.2 The Modify Handrail Components Form................................................................................................... 101

6.3.3 Splitting ..................................................................................................................................................... 102

6.3.4 Merging ..................................................................................................................................................... 104

6.4 Creating and Modifying Handrail – A Worked Example ..............................................................................105

6.4.1 Creating Handrail in Layout Mode ............................................................................................................ 105

6.4.2 Creating Handrail in Detail Mode ............................................................................................................. 114

Exercise 4 – Creating and Modifying Handrail ....................................................................................... 119

7 SLH Utilities................................................................................................................................... 121


7.1 Model Editor .............................................................................................................................................. 121

7.1.1 Model Editing ............................................................................................................................................ 121

7.1.2 Shape Editing ............................................................................................................................................ 122

7.1.3 Quick Routing ............................................................................................................................................ 123

7.2 The Checker Utility .....................................................................................................................................124

Exercise 5 – Data Checks ...................................................................................................................... 126

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CHAPTER 1

1 Introduction
The AVEVA™ E3D Design Stairs, Ladders, and Handrails application is part of the STRUCTURES discipline that
enables designers to construct accurate and detailed 3D models. This training guide provides specific training
for the Stairs, Ladders and Handrails application.

1.1 Aim
The aim of this training guide is to provide designers with the skills and knowledge necessary to create, modify
and check stair, ladder, and handrail elements using the Stairs, Ladders and Handrails application.

1.2 Objectives
The objectives of the training course are to:

• Introduce concepts specific to the application.

• Outline the administrative elements required by the application.

• Explain how to create and modify Stair Flight, Rung Ladder, Step Ladder and Handrail elements.

• Explain how to use the data checking utility.

1.3 Prerequisites
It is expected that trainees will have completed the TM-1812 AVEVA E3D Design Structural Modelling course.

1.4 Course Structure


Training will consist of oral and visual presentations, demonstrations, worked examples and set exercises. Each
workstation will have a training project populated with model objects. This will be used by the trainees to
practice their methods and complete the set exercises.

1.5 Using this Guide


Certain text styles are used to indicate special situations throughout this document, here is a summary: -

• Menu pull-downs and button click actions are indicated by bold blue text
• Information that needs to be entered into the software will be in bold red text
• System prompts, example files or inputs will be bold italic black text
• Example files or inputs will be in the courier new font, colours and styles used as before.
• Products, Applications, Modules, Toolbars, Explorers and other significant software elements will be in
bold black text
• Other areas in this Training Guide will be presented with italic blue text and an accompanying icon to
classify the type of additional information.

Additional information

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Refer to other documentation

The following icons will be used to identify industry or discipline specific content

Plant - Content specific to the Plant industry Marine - Content specific to the Marine industry

Electrical – Content specific to Electrical Engineering – Content specific to Engineering

Instrumentation – Content specific to


Instrumentation
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TM-1813

1.6 Setting up the Training Course


To start AVEVA E3D Design, double click the desktop icon to display the Login form. Login using the details
below:

Project: Training (TRA)

User: A.STEELMAN

Password: A

MDB: A-STRUCTURAL

After entering the login details click the


Model tile.

The details above are indicative of


typical entry to AVEVA E3D Design
projects. Alternative login details may
be supplied by the Trainer.

In order to complete the exercises and


worked examples in the training guide it is
necessary to configure the training model.

On the TOOLS tab in the Training group, click the Setup button to display the Training Setup
form.

On the Structures tab, select the Stairs, Ladders & Handrail radio button. Check the Setup Training Course
checkbox, click the Apply button and close the form.

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CHAPTER 2

2 Overview of the Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Application


The Stairs, Ladders, and Handrails (SLH) application allows designers to create and modify detailed access and
demarcation components within 3D models. The application is integrated with other AVEVA E3D Design
structural utilities.

2.1 Principles Employed in the Application


There are a number of features employed in the SLH application.

• Standards and Defaults.

• Pre-defined assembly elements.

• Two representation modes.

• Progressive disclosure concepts.

2.1.1 Standards and Defaults


The SLH application utilises Standards and Defaults to control the creation of stair, ladder, step ladder and
handrail elements within the 3D model.

The Standards used by SLH are a set of geometric constraints. International, National, project, or industry
standards can be used in the determination of geometry for stair, rung ladder, step ladder and handrail
elements. Any number of standards may be used in a project.

Defaults provide an interpretation of a referenced standard and allow SLH Administrators to implement
preferred working practises. This gives SLH Administrators control over the displayed and pre-populated
options within forms for a number of SLH elements.

The values used within a Default must comply with the maximum and/or minimum values of the Standard it
references. In addition, SLH Administrators may stipulate valid values for certain geometric parameters. For
example, the width between stair stringers may be limited to a series of values that coincide with the width
of supplied stair treads.

Defaults are also used to associate assemblies with standards. The range of elements available for selection
in the Creation and Modification forms will be governed by the Default selected.

Forms relating to the settings of Standards and Defaults are only accessible to SLH Administrators. An example
of these forms and a typical user form referencing a default and standard are shown overleaf.

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Detailed guidance on the administration of the AVEVA E3D Design SLH application is provided in TM-1864
AVEVA™ E3D Design Stairs, Ladders and Handrail Administration training guide.

2.1.2 Assemblies
The SLH application utilises a range of pre-defined assemblies to represent SLH model elements. A number of
sample assemblies are provided. Further assemblies can be created using SLH assembly constructors in
conjunction with standard catalogue and template functionality. A typical assembly selection is displayed
below.

The ability to modify the representation of SLH elements is subject to the mode of operation being used and
the degree of customisation applied to user defined assemblies.

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2.1.3 Representation Modes

The SLH application enables elements to be created in Layout mode or Detail mode, as
described in the following sections.

2.1.3.1 Layout Mode

Layout mode allows designers to implement a range of SLH elements, compliant to the referred standard,
without the need to specify an exact representation. The representation is intended as an indicative display
and its representation cannot be significantly modified by the user. The created elements do not own
traditional structural elements (e.g. sections, panels) and assemblies containing such elements cannot be
selected.

As with all SLH elements, aid graphics are used


to provide an initial representation of the
element’s geometry, position and orientation
during creation and modification.

Elements created in Layout mode can be clash


checked, reported on, and displayed in drawings.

Due to the use of default representations,


detailed Material Take Off reports cannot
be generated for SLH items created in
Layout mode.

Elements created in Layout mode can be converted to Detail mode at a later stage.

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2.1.3.2 Detail Mode

Detail mode enables designers to provide greater accuracy and representation to modelled elements. A range
of assembly options, governed by the Default selected, allow the designer to view and select the exact
representation of the element. The range of assemblies available in detailed mode is controlled by the SLH
Administrator.

Model elements created in Detail mode cannot be converted to Layout mode. Equally, Layout mode elements
that are converted to Detail mode can never be reverted to Layout mode.

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2.1.4 Progressive Disclosure


Progressive disclosure concepts are used to provide the user with suitable information and options at
appropriate times in the design process. The forms used in the SLH application are designed to guide the user
through the design process while still allowing flexibility to review previously entered information and allow
editing. Each form utilises a number of context sensitive pages reflected in the top section of the form.

Visual references, as to progress through the design


process, are provided at the top of the form.
Successfully completed pages are marked with a blue tick,
while outstanding mandatory information is noted by an
orange triangle.
The user can navigate between pages using Next and Back
arrow buttons or by clicking the link labels relating to
successfully completed pages.

Where possible, feedback relating to options selected and


information entered is provided within the form.

In addition, any fields that cannot be populated are greyed


out.

Where mandatory fields are not completed, or incorrect


information is entered into the form, the user will be
prevented from navigating to subsequent pages.

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2.2 Accessing the AVEVA E3D Design SLH Application


After entering AVEVA E3D Design the user interface is displayed.

The SLH application is accessed by selecting STRUCTURES from the discipline


options list on the Quick Access Toolbar. The four tabs that make up the
STRUCTURES discipline are displayed.

The STAIRS LADDERS HANDRAIL tab contains SLH application specific functions.

The STAIRS LADDERS HANDRAILS tab will generally be referred to as the SLH tab in this training guide.

2.3 The SLH User Interface


As with many other AVEVA E3D Design applications, SLH is a Microsoft® Office Fluent™– based user interface.
A series of tabs are displayed at the top of the screen. Some tabs are common across all design disciplines,
while other tabs are specific to the application being used. The SLH tab is one of four tabs in the STRUCTURES
discipline and is the focal point for creation and modification of SLH elements.

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The SLH tab has four groups. Create, Modify, Delete and Tools.

Generally, when a button is clicked a form is displayed which is docked on the right-hand side of the 3D View.

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2.4 SLH Form Layout and Features


Throughout the SLH application, common form layout and features have been used, an overview of which is
given in the following sections. The general layout of both the Create and Modify forms are the same.

The top section of the form allows Representation Mode


selection and displays the pages to be completed as part of the
creation process. The number of pages will vary with both the
element type and Representation Mode being used.

The mid-section of the form allows users to enter information


pertinent to the page being considered. This may consist of text
fields, graphical selection processes, and checkbox options.

The lower section of the form provides summary information


(when available) and provides action buttons and Forward and
Back buttons to facilitate the creation or modification process.

A small number of forms available within the application do not


adhere to the common functions. Where this is the case
additional explanation will be provided in the relevant section
of the guide.Some fields or buttons in the forms may be
inactive. Inactive fields or buttons are greyed out and usually
arise as a result of:

• Missing mandatory information in a page.

• Geometry errors in component creation.

• Default settings made by an Administrator.

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On successful completion of a page the text displaying the name of the page in the top part of the form
changes to become a link label. This enables navigation between completed pages and editing of previous
settings.

Similar functionality is reflected in the Summary section at the bottom of the form. Successfully selected
geometry parameters change to link labels; enabling navigation to the parameter was set.

Other common form functions are explained below:

Mandatory – indicates mandatory information is still required.

Completed – indicates that mandatory information is completed.

Autonaming – names the element being created using pre-defined naming rules.

Show Dimension – displays a graphical aid showing the geometry parameter being considered.

Checkbox – Allows users to toggle options in forms.

Flip – allows the user to change the direction of the element.

Next – arrow button that takes the user to the next page of the form.

Back – arrow button that takes the user to the previous page of the form.

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Data Hierarchy and Element Types


The data hierarchy employed by SLH is similar to that used by other structural utilities. A brief overview of the
SLH hierarchy is provided below.

Before physical model elements can be created a number of administrative elements must be in place.
Administrative elements divide the model into structured areas and own the geometric elements that make
up the physical representation of the model.

As with all AVEVA E3D Design databases, the uppermost element is the World represented symbolically as /*.
SITE and ZONE elements are also required to own hierarchy elements relating to the structural disciplines.

Typical Stairs, Ladders, and Handrail Hierarchy

Structure (STRU), Framework (FRMW), or Sub-frame (SBFR) elements are all legal owners of SLH elements.
Within the SLH hierarchy further administrative elements exist for Handrail (HANDRA), Stair Flights (STRFLT),
Step Ladders (SLADDR) and Rung Ladders (RLADDR).

The data components owned by these items will vary depending on the mode used to create the elements
and the type of SLH element created.

Mode and element specific hierarchies are provided in relevant chapters.

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CHAPTER 3

3 Stair Flights
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Stair Flight (STRFLT) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode stair flights is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of stair flights.

3.1 Stair Flight Hierarchy Overview


The administrative hierarchy is the same as other SLH elements; however, the component hierarchy varies
depending on the Representation Mode used. The diagrams below illustrate typical component hierarchies
for a Stair Flight.

Hierarchy for Layout Mode

Element Description

STRFLT Stair Flight element


HANDRA Handrail element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element

The hierarchy diagram represents a stair flight created in Layout mode with handrail applied to both stringers.
A STRFLT element owns an RPATH element defining the stair flight centreline route and two HANDRA
elements. In turn, the HANDRA elements own RPATH elements that define the handrail route along each
stringer.

Pre-defined element representations are applied to the RPATH, providing the physical representation of the
stair flight in the model.

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Hierarchy for Detail Mode


Element Description

BOTEXT Bottom Extension element


STRSTR Stair Stringer element
TREADS Tread Set element
TREAD Tread element
INTLNG Intermediate Landing element
TOPEXT Top Extension element

This hierarchy represents a stair flight created in Detail mode with top and bottom extensions, an intermediate
landing, and handrail on both stringer elements. To support this degree of detail, a broader hierarchy of
elements is required.

Some elements within the hierarchy may own template items. Handrail elements within detailed stair flights
are more complex and are considered in greater detail later in this guide.

3.2 Creating a Stair Flight


The SLH application enables users to create stair flights with a variety of pitch and stringer configurations. The
available configurations are held in the Defaults assigned to each project.

On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Stair Flight button displays the Create Stair Flight form.

Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or five pages for the creation process.
Creating stair flights using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.

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The format of the Create Stair Flight form is typical of other creation forms within the SLH application. It makes
use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are some
features unique to the creation of which are described in the following sections.

3.2.1 Reference Point Options


There are a number of options relate to picking reference points. Reference points allow the user to specify
the edge from which a stair flight will start and the edge, or plane, at which the stair flight will terminate. The
start and end points of the stair flight are noted as the FROM and TO reference points.

The FROM reference point has particular significance as it uses the selected edge to set the direction of the
stair flight. The direction of the stair flight will be perpendicular to the direction of the selected edge.

The FROM Reference Point must initially be set by making a


graphical selection via the Pick Edge (FFL) button. Thereafter,
its position may be adjusted by clicking the Pick Edge (FFL)
button again and picking a new edge or by clicking the Modify
Position… link label.

Clicking the Modify Position… link label displays an Explicit


Positioning form allowing the user to specify an explicit co-
ordinate with respect to a datum.

When selecting the TO Reference Point, the user can select from two methods; connecting to an Edge or
connecting to a Plane.

If the Edge option is selected, the same process as that of the FROM reference point described previously
must be followed.

If the Plane option is selected, a suitable planar element must be selected, or an elevation entered in the
Elevation textbox.

If the direction of the stair flight is incorrect, as shown by the aid graphics, the Flip Direction button may be
used to change the direction by 180°.

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3.2.2 Stair Flight Creation – Calculate Mode

In addition to the Edge to Edge and Edge to Plane


creation options for stair flights, they can also be
created in Calculate mode.

Calculate mode is enabled activated in the Create


Stair Flight form by setting the Stair Flight
Calculate Mode option in the backstage to True.
(Project > Options > Discipline > Structural).

Selecting the Calculate radio button in the TO


Reference Point section of the Reference Points
page display the Reference Points page and
subsequent page in Calculate mode.

Calculate mode enables a stair flight to be created


from an edge and terminate in space at a point
defined by specifying the stair flight parameters,
within the constraints of the default being used.

Since only one edge is defined, the user has the option of
selecting if the stair flight is to run up or down from the
picked edge using the Up and Down radio buttons in the
Direction section of the form.

As with stair flights defined to a plane, the Flip Direction


button changes the direction of the stair flight by 180°.

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The Stair Configuration page of the form is different when


in Calculate mode. Since the overall Going and/or overall
Rise is not defined by two picks, the termination position of
the stair flight is defined manually.

X Offset and Nudge options work as described earlier in this


section. The Configuration options available are those
allowed by the Default.

The TO Elevation height can be entered if this is known by


the user.

Other parameters for the stair flight can also be specified;


Overall Rise, Rise, Number of Rises, Pitch, Pitch Validation
formula value, and Going. These values can be entered
successfully only if the value falls within the limits of the
Default being used and does not cause any other
parameters to also fall out of the permissible range
specified in the Default.

When modifying a Stair Flight which has been created


in Calculate mode, the system recognises the method
used during creation, and the Stair Configuration page
of the Modify Stair Flight form will be displayed
accordingly.

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The Overall Rise, Rise, Pitch and Going can be locked by


checking the adjacent Lock check boxes. Locked
parameters will not change when other parameters are
modified. Locked parameters are displayed greyed out in
the form.

Use Default buttons are available adjacent to Rise, Pitch


and Going which, when clicked, will set the parameter to
the Default value specified in the default. The buttons
display this default value.

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3.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements


Stairs created in Detail mode can be connected to supporting structural members. After selecting the FROM
or TO Reference Point the Pick Support Element button is activated.

Clicking the Pick Support Element button allows the user to pick a supporting element for the stair
flight. The supporting element must be a GENSEC. The selected element will be highlighted red in
the 3D View.

The Floor Thickness textbox is updated when the supporting


element is selected.
The application determines the distance between the FFL
and the supporting element. The thickness of the panel
element used to represent the first or last tread is adjusted
to ensure the stair flight terminates flush with the selected
reference position.

If a connection is required to the supporting element, the


Connect checkbox is checked. If a connection is required, the
floor thickness value will be retained for use with the Modify
Stair Flight form. It also creates the necessary hierarchy to
allow a structural joint to be applied at the connection.

Where a stair flight terminates at a plane the Connect


checkbox is also available. A supporting element can still be
selected. The floor thickness textbox is updated, and the
information can be used later in the creation process to
extend the stringers through the floor to the elevation of the
supporting element.

Joints between the stringers a supporting element must be applied as a separate activity. AVEVA E3D
Design does not currently supply sample joints for these connections.

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3.2.4 Stair Configurations


The SLH application supports a variety of basic stair configurations suitable for stair flights spanning between
two edges or between an edge and a planar surface. In addition to the basic stair flight shapes the application
also supports minor configuration customisations such as the inclusion of intermediate landings and the
cranking of stringer profiles.

Some customisation of the shape of a stair flight is mode dependent.

Six configurations are available between two edges and two configurations are available for stair flights to
planar surfaces. The supported configurations are detailed below.

Edge to Plane Configurations:

Configuration Description

To plane with no extensions – The stair flight must have a planar element as its
TO reference point. No extension is allowed at the upper edge.

To plane with top extension – The stair flight must have a planar element as its
TO reference point. An extension is permitted at the upper edge.

Edge to Edge Configurations:

Configuration Description

No extensions – No extensions are allowed at the selected edges of the stair


flight.

Bottom extension – An extension is only allowed at the lower edge of the stair
flight.

Top extension – An extension is only allowed at the upper edge of the stair
flight.

Top and bottom Extension – An extension is allowed at the upper and lower
edge of the stair flight.

Initial rise without Extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of the
stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the lower
edge position. No extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.

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Initial rise with top extension – An initial rise is created at the lower edge of the
stair flight. The nosing of the first tread is positioned vertically above the lower
edge position. An extension is allowed at the upper edge of the stair flight.

The availability of stair flight configurations and customisation options is controlled by the SLH Administrator
via settings in the SLH Defaults. A minimum of one configuration is needed for both edges to edge stair flights
and edge to plane stair flights. Different defaults may allow different combinations of stair flight to be
available.

The SLH Default used throughout this training course only allows four edge to edge and edge to plane
configurations. Initial rise stair configurations have been excluded.

Stair flights are initially assessed on the Pitch value set in the Default. Subject to the configuration selected,
other pitch options that conform to the referenced Standard are investigated during the creation process.

When Detail mode is used, the lower section of the Stair Configuration page contains a Pitch Validation frame.
The desired pitch and obtained pitch are reported to the user in this area, along with stair rise information
that conforms to the obtained pitch.

If an alternative pitch is required the user can select it using the up and down arrows adjacent to the Desired
Pitch text field, or a valid pitch can be typed into the Desired Pitch text field directly. If an invalid pitch value
is entered, the text field will revert to the closest maximum or minimum pitch allowable in the default.

When a new pitch value is validated the aid graphics update to reflect the new geometry.

3.3 Modifying a Stair Flight


On the SLH tab, in the Modify group, clicking the Modify Stair Flight button displays the Modify Stair Flight
form, which enables the user to change Layout stair flights to Detail stair flights in addition to changing any of
the design parameters set during the creation process.

It is not possible to modify a Detail mode stair to become a Layout mode stair.

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3.3.1 Positioning Options

Stair Flights can be re-positioned using a number of methods.


New reference points can be selected graphically using the
Pick Edge (FFL) buttons.

Alternatively, the position of the Reference Points


can be modified by clicking the Modify Position…
link labels and entering explicit co-ordinate.

Both of these methods will instigate a geometry


check to ensure the stair remains valid.

Stair flights may also be moved in their X axis


direction by using the X Offset or Nudge options
on the Stair Configuration page.

When using the X Offset the user can enter a


positive or negative value in the textbox.

This value is then used in conjunction with the


adjacent X Offset from pick button to provide
an offset position from a model element.

The Nudge textbox enables users to enter a distance to move the


stair element by.

The right and left arrow buttons can then be used to move the
stair by the specified increment.

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3.4 Creating and Modifying Stair Flights – A Worked Example


This worked example, and the exercise that follows, populate sections of SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA02 of the
training model. Worked examples will typically focus on building B01 within this site, while exercises will
typically use building B02.

3.4.1 Setting up the 3D View


In Model Explorer, navigate to SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA02 and expand the hierarchy. Select ZONE
BUILDING_B01 and add it to the 3D View. Set the viewing direction as shown.

Remove the exterior Level 1 and Level 2 walls on the North side of the building from the Drawlist.

BUILDING_B01

A stair flight is created using two individual flights in the central bay between Level 1 and Level 2. The first stair
flight will be created and modified in Layout mode and the second stair flight will be created in Detail mode.

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3.4.2 Creating a Stair Flight in Layout Mode

In Model Explorer navigate to BUILDING_B01 and expand the


hierarchy for LEVEL 01 and make FRMW B01_LEVEL_01_STAIRS the
current element.

Click the SLH > Create > Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form. Ensure the Layout radio
button is selected for the Representation Mode.

In Layout mode four pages of information are required: General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair
Configuration and Extensions and Landings.

3.4.2.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes section select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list. Note that the Mandatory information
symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of the form and has been replaced with
blue tick adjacent to it and the text is now a link label. This indicates that the mandatory information for this
page is complete and the next page is available, however, further information may be added.

Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A in the Name textbox and


Internal Access Stair in the Description textbox.

Select the Width option list and note the three valid
values contained within this default.

Select 800mm from the Width options list.

Click the Next arrow button to move to the next page.

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3.4.2.2 Reference Points

Reference Points marking the beginning and end of the stair


flight must now be selected. Click the Pick Edge (FFL) button
to display the Pick FROM Edge prompt.

Select a point along the edge of the landing panel, at the


finished floor level, somewhere near the mid-point.

This flight will extend between the floor of level 01 and the
stair landing.

Select the to Plane radio button and click the Pick Elevation
button to display the Pick Face or Edge prompt.

Pick the floor of Level 01. The 3D View is updated to show


three aid lines representing the stair flight centreline and the
stringer extremities.
The Elevation textbox is populated automatically with the
elevation of the selected floor level.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Stair Configuration page

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3.4.2.3 Stair Configuration

Available configurations are determined by the selected Default being used and the selection made for the
TO reference point, in this case to Plane. All permitted options are displayed.

On the Stair Configuration page, a more detailed aid


graphic representation is displayed.

The updated representation reflects the configuration


selected and includes a corresponding obstruction
volume.

A more detailed aid graphics representation is only


displayed for valid stair configurations. If a valid stair
cannot be selected three aid lines will continue to be
displayed.

Where the pitch exactly matches the criteria found in the default, a
Green filled circle will be placed in the header of the configuration.

Where a stair flight configuration geometry meets the Standard, but


does not exactly match the default, an Orange filled circle is used.
Details of the parameters that do not fully comply with the default
can be obtained by clicking the Information link label.

If it is not possible to create a stair flight with Geometry that meets


the Standard from the given criteria, a Red filled circle is used with an
explanation note. The user is also prevented from progressing to
subsequent pages (without altering other parameters).

Select the To plane with top extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.

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The stair flight can be moved to its correct position by using either the X Offset textbox or the Nudge arrows.
Regardless of the method used, it is important to remember that the adjustment is applied to the centreline
of the stair flight.

Enter a value of -400 in the X Offset textbox and click the


X Offset from button to display the Positioning Control
form.

Select the Graphics and Snap buttons.

Select the North East corner of the stair landing. The aid representing the stair stringer is now be aligned
with the edge of the landing.

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To ensure access is not impaired by the buildings steelwork


the stair flight will be moved south by 100mm.

Enter 100 in the Nudge textbox and click the left-hand


Nudge button.

Select Both Sides from the Handrail


Configuration options list.

Additional aid graphics representing the handrail


are displayed.

Click the Next arrow button to progress to the


Extensions and Landings page.

View South

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3.4.2.4 Extensions and Landings

The Extensions and Landings page allows the user to further customise the stair flight, provided the selected
configuration and geometry requirements allow.

As the selected configuration only uses an upper extension, the Extension Length textbox for the Lower
extension is disabled. The value used in the extension will default to the minimum value set in the Defaults.

Check the Landing checkbox. As the stair flight goes down to a plane, an intermediate landing can be added
without affecting the pitch of the stair flight. The Landing Length and Landing Thickness values are pre-
populated based on values held in the Default. Enter a value of 1000 in the Landing Length textbox. Leave the
Landing Thickness at the default value.

By default, landings are positioned as close to the middle of the stair flight as possible, that is, with an equal
number of rises above and below the intermediate landing. The position of the landing can be adjusted by
selecting the up and down arrows on the Rises Above or Rises Below counters.

View South

Alternatively, a graphical selection can be made by clicking the


Pick Tread button adjacent to the rise counters.

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Valid stair tread positions for the landing


are displayed as shaded treads in the aid
graphics.

Clicking a highlighted tread updates the


intermediate landing position and
associated aid graphics.

A minimum of three treads is


required in any stair flight. As such,
the valid treads are limited in each
flight.

Set the Rises Above counter to 6.

As all mandatory information is now


complete, click the enabled Build Stair
Flight button to create the stair flight.

Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer. Note the
elements created for a Layout mode stair flight.

Save Work.

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3.4.3 Creating a Stair Flight in Detail Mode


Stair flight B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B will be created directly in Detail mode. Ensure FRMW
B01_LEVEL_01_STAIRS is the current element.

Click the SLH > Create > Stair Flight button to display the Create Stair Flight form. Select the Detail radio
button for the Representation Mode.

The process of creating a stair flight in Detail mode is similar to that of Layout mode. However, in Detail mode
five pages of information are required, i.e. General Attributes, Reference Points, Stair Configuration,
Extensions and Landings and Specifications.

3.4.3.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes section the SLH Training default


is maintained from the previous stair flight creation.

Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B in the Name textbox and


Internal Access Stair in the Description textbox.

Select 800mm from the Width options list.

Click the Next arrow button.

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3.4.3.2 Reference Points

The stair flight will extend from the stair landing to


Level 02 of the building.

On the Reference Points page click the Pick Edge


(FFL) button in the FROM Reference Point section.

Select a point along the edge of the landing panel


between stair B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A and the
southern end of the landing.

Click the Pick Support Element button.

Select the profile below the stair landing panel. The


selected beam is highlighted in red.
Check the Connect checkbox in the FROM Reference
Point section.
This creates a connection between the picked
supporting element and the stair flight stringers that
allows the application of a suitable joint.

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In the TO Reference Point section select the Edge


radio button.

Click the Pick Edge (FFL) button then select the Eastern
edge of the stairwell on Floor 02.

Three aid lines are displayed representing the stair


flight.

Click the Next arrow button.

3.4.3.3 Stair Configurations


On the Stair Configuration page Select the Top and
bottom extension configuration from the Stair
Configuration list.

Stair flight B01_LEV01_STAIR_1A has been


removed for clarity.

View South

The stair flight can be positioned by using the X Offset or Nudge functions in a similar manner to the Layout
mode stair flight previously created.

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Position the stair flight centreline by entering a value of -


400 in the X Offset textbox and then clicking the adjacent
X Offset from button.
On the Positioning Control form ensure the Graphics and
Snap buttons are selected. Pick the South East corner of
the stair landing.
The aid representing the stair stringer is now aligned with
the edge of the landing.

The stair flight needs to be moved North by 100mm. Enter


a value of 100 in the Nudge textbox and click the left-hand
Nudge button.

Creating stair flight in Detail mode enables validation of a variety of pitches for a selected configuration. The
application will attempt to use the default pitch set in the selected Default., however, other valid pitches can
be attempted by modifying the Desired Pitch within the range specified by the Standard via the Default.

The Desired Pitch can be adjusted either by using the


adjacent up and down counter arrows or a by entering a
value in the textbox.
The Default being used for stair flights has an optimum
pitch of 36°. Adjust the Desired Pitch to 35.

The application re-calculates the stair flight geometry to


check if the desired pitch is achievable. The Stair
Configuration list and Pitch Validation frame are
subsequently updated.

In this example, the default pitch could not be obtained.


However, the application has calculated the closest pitch
possible that would still produce a valid stair flight for the
selected configuration.

Feedback of the changes required to maintain the


configuration are provided in the Obtained Pitch textbox
and the Stair Configuration list

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With the Top and bottom extension configuration selected


reset the Desired Pitch to 36 degrees with the arrow
counter buttons.

Unlike Layout mode, handrail cannot be added to stair


flights during the creation process in Detail mode. This
must be done as a separate activity within the handrail
creation utility.

Click the Next arrow button.

3.4.3.4 Extensions and Landings

As this configuration has both an upper and lower extension,


both Extension Length textboxes are active and, by default,
the top and bottom extension lengths are equal.

For this example, the Lower extension length will be


matched to the Upper extension length of stair flight
B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B. Enter 250 in the Lower Extension
Length textbox.
The application re-calculates the upper extension length to
manage the overall space requirements without changing
the stair flight pitch. Note that an intermediate landing is not
permitted with this configuration due to the limitations of
stair pitch.

Click the Next arrow button.

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3.4.3.5 Specifications

The Specifications page enables the selection of appropriate profiles for the stringers and a catalogue or
template for the stair treads.

The available items are controlled by the Default. In


addition, the displayed tread elements are filtered based
on the width of the stair flight and the required minimum
tread depth, going + overlap, that has been calculated.

Select the BS-PFC200x75x23 LTOP stringer profile from


the Stringer Specification options list.

Select the Catalogue Variable tread profile from the


Tread Specification options list.

A 3D View of the selected tread is displayed below the


options list. Standard 3D View rotation and zoom
functions are available

As all mandatory information is now complete,


click the now active Build Stair Flight button to
create the stair flight.

Navigate to the newly created stair flight in Model Explorer. Note the
elements created for a Detail mode stair flight.

Save Work.

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Exercise 1 - Creating and Modifying Stairs


The North West corner of building B02 contains a cavity for a stair tower. Using the SLH Training Default and
the information provided below, create a series of 1000mm wide stair flights for this tower.

Use the hierarchy contained within the FRMW STAIR-TOWER under the STRU B02-ACCESS. Use the BS-
PFC200x75x23 LTOP stringer profile and the Catalogue Variable tread profile for stairs created in detail mode.
Inset each stair flight 200mm from the East/West edge of the landing platforms.

Plan North View East

Stair No. Representation Mode Configuration Type

1 Detail

2 Detail

3 Detail

4 Detail

5 Detail

6 Layout (Handrail both sides)

Save Work

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CHAPTER 4

4 Rung Ladders
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Rung Ladder (RLADDR) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode rung ladders is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of Rung Ladders.

4.1 Rung Ladder Hierarchy Overview


The administrative hierarchy is the same as other SLH elements; however, the component hierarchy varies
depending on the Representation Mode used. The diagrams below illustrate typical component hierarchies
for a Rung Ladder.

Hierarchy for Layout Mode


Element Description

RLADDR Rung Ladder element


RLCAGE Rung Ladder Cage element
RLGATE Rung Ladder Gate element

This hierarchy represents a ladder created in Layout mode. The ladder has a cage and a gate. The RLADDR
element owns the cage (RLCAGE) and gate (RLGATE) elements. Although the ladder stiles do not appear in the
hierarchy, all major attributes relating to the ladder’s geometry are owned by the RLADDR element.

In Layout mode, the representation rung ladder elements in the model is provided by a pre-defined
representation that are applied to the geometric attributes.

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Hierarchy for Detail Mode


Element Description

RLADDR Rung Ladder element


RUNGSE Rung Set element
RLCAGE Rung Ladder Cage element
LDRSTR Ladder Stile element
CAGSEG Cage Segment element
LDRRUN Ladder Rung element
HOOPSE Hoop Set element

This hierarchy represents a ladder created in Detail mode. The ladder has a cage and a gate as in Layout mode,
but a detailed hierarchy is used to support the detailed representation. For a Detail mode rung ladder, the
RLADDR element owns a Rung Set (RUNGSE), a Rung Ladder Cage (RLCAGE), and Rung Ladder Stiles (LDRSTR)
elements.

The RUNGSE owns a number of Rung (LDRRUN) elements while the LDRSTR element owns GENSECs
corresponding to the left and right stiles. The RLCAGE owns a Rung Ladder Gate (RLGATE) element (if created)
and a series of Cage Segment (CAGSEG) elements, one for each part of the cage. Within each CAGSEG are a
number of GENSECs representing the vertical bars of the cage and a Hoop Set (HOOPSE) element that owns a
number of GENSECs representing the horizontal hoops of the cage.

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4.2 Creating a Rung Ladder


The SLH application enables the user to create Rung Ladders with a variety of cage and exit configurations.

Some dependencies are inherent to the application. If a user


selects an invalid task or action, a suitable error message is
displayed.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Rung Ladder
button displays the Create Rung Ladder form.

Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has two or five pages for the creation process.
Creating rung ladders using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.

The format of the Create Rung Ladder form is typical of other creation forms within the SLH application. It
makes use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are
some features unique to the creation of Rung Ladders. These features are described in the following sections.

4.2.1 Ladder Representation Options


Within the General Attributes page are a number of representation options that allow the user to significantly
alter the manner in which ladders are created in the model.

The display of these options is controlled by the SLH


Administrator via the Default.

The Truncate Stile checkbox enables the bottom of the rung


ladder stiles to cut back. If this option is selected an additional
textbox is displayed allowing the specification of the length of
stile that will extend below the bottom rung or the clearance of
the stile from the bottom FFL, depending on the option in the
Default. The textbox will be pre-populated with a default value.

The Omit Cage checkbox enables a rung ladder to be built


without a safety cage, irrespective of the climbing height. As
safety gates require a safety cage, the Safety Gate options list is
disabled. If Detail mode is selected, specification selections and
ladder detail fields pertinent to cages and gates also become
inactive.

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The Omit Top Rung checkbox enables the removal of the top rung from the rung ladder. On selecting this
option an additional textbox is displayed allowing the Stile Extension length above the top rung to be specified.
This option automatically selects the Omit Cage checkbox and invokes its associated effects.

The Omit Cage and Omit Top Rung functions are incorporated to allow modelling of ladders suitable for
entering confined spaces where access requirements are unique and may be outside standard design
codes.

In addition to the representation checkboxes, the SLH


application also restricts the ladder pitch depending on the
ladder Exit Type selected. Side exits are not permitted for
inclined ladders.

If the user selects a side exit, the Pitch field becomes inactive.
Changes to the pitch value are only possible for front exit
ladders.

If the user selects a pitch less than 90 degrees, then selects a


side exit, the application reverts the Pitch to 90 degrees. Priority
is given to the exit type selected.

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4.2.2 Top Exit Edge


The edge selected for the Top Exit Edge needs to reflect the Exit Type selected earlier in the creation process.
It also dictates the orientation of the ladder relative to other elements.

This can be seen in the following examples. Consider the structure below and two choices of exit edge
available, labelled points 1 and 2.

Applying a front exit ladder to the two Top Exit Edge positions produces the following results:

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Applying a left-side exit to the two Top Exit Edges produces the following results:

Picking the top exit edge at position 1 allows the ladder to be supported by the nearby perpendicular wall.
However, picking the exit edge at position 2 will result in the ladder being orientated in a manner that would
require an additional supporting structure.

Applying a right-side exit to the two Top Exit Edges produces the following results:

In this case, applying the top exit edge to position 2 is appropriate provided the ladder is positioned closer to
the nearby perpendicular wall. Selecting position 1 for the top exit edge would require an additional
supporting structure for the ladder.

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4.2.3 Bottom Rung Spacing Options


A number of Standards allow the bottom rung spacing to differ from the standard rung spacing. By default, all
rungs are spaced equally.

If the rung spacing is modified, the bottom rung is re-


calculated and checked against the referenced Standard.

If the user wishes to revert the spacing to equal increments


this can be achieved by clicking the Equals button adjacent
to the Bottom Rung Spacing field.

4.3 Modifying a Rung Ladder


On the SLH tab, in the Modify group, clicking the Rung Ladder button displays the Modify Rung Ladder form
which enables the user to change Layout rung ladders to Detail rung ladders in addition to changing any of
the design parameters set during the creation process.

It is not possible to modify a Detail mode rung ladder to become a Layout mode rung ladder.

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4.3.1 Positioning Options


Like Stair Flights, Rung Ladders can be re-positioned using
a number of methods.

New reference points can be selected graphically using the


Pick Top Exit Edge (FFL) and Pick Bottom Elevation (FFL)
buttons.

The user could also modify the position of the Top Position
reference point by clicking the Modify Position… link label
and entering explicit co-ordinates.

Both of these methods instigate a geometry check to


ensure the rung ladder remains valid.

Ladders can also be moved in their X axis direction by using


the X Offset or Nudge options on the Position and Elevation
page.

When using the X Offset function positive or negative value


may be entered in the textbox.

This value is then used in conjunction with the adjacent Pick


Offset Edge button to provide an offset position from a
model element.

The Positioning Control form can be used when making


picks for the offset position.

The Nudge textbox enables a distance to be entered move


the rung ladder by along its X-axis.

The right and left arrows buttons are used to move the rung
ladder in the X or -X direction by the specified increment.

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4.4 Creating and Modifying Rung Ladders – A Worked Example


This worked example adds further model elements to SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA02 of the training model. A rung
ladder will be created in Layout mode on the North wall of building B01 and an inclined rung ladder will be
created in Detail mode, linking the roof areas of building B01 and B02.

4.4.1 Setting up the 3D View


A ladder will be created between the roof of building B01 and the base slab of AREA02. If it is not already
displayed, add ZONE BUILDING_B01 to the Drawlist and set the viewing direction as shown. Ensure the
exterior Level 1 and Level 2 walls are displayed.

Add the element :SLAB BASE_SLAB_2 to the Drawlist from SITE-CIVIL-AREA02.

BUILDING B01 and BASE_SLAB_2

4.4.2 Creating a Rung Ladder in Layout Mode


In Model Explorer navigate to ZONE BUILDING_ B01, hierarchy for Level 01 and make FRMW
B01_LEVEL_01_LADDERS the current element. On the SLH tab, in the Create group, click the Rung Ladder
button to display the Create Rung Ladder form. Ensure the Layout radio button is selected for the
Representation Mode.

In Layout mode two pages of information are required, General Attributes and Position and Elevation.

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4.4.2.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes frame select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list. Note that the Mandatory information
symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of the form has a blue tick adjacent to it
and the text is now a link label. This indicates that the mandatory information for this page is complete and
the next page is available, however, further information may be added.

Enter B01_LEV01_LADDER_1A in the Name textbox.

Enter Escape Ladder B01 in the Description textbox.

Select Front Exit from the Exit Type options list.

As a front exit ladder has been selected, it is permissible


to change the pitch to create an inclined rung ladder.
However, for this example the default pitch of 90 degrees
will be used.

Move the mouse pointer over the Width inside stiles


textbox. A tool tip displaying the minimum and maximum
allowable values, as defined in the Default, is displayed.

Enter 500 in the Width textbox. This ladder will extend to


the base slab level and due to the overall climbing height
will require a cage. As such, the checkboxes under the
Width inside Stiles field can be ignored.

A Safety Gate is required. Select Right-side Hinge from the Safety Gate options list. All information for this
page is now complete. Click the Next arrow button.

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4.4.2.2 Position and Elevation

Top and bottom Reference Points are required for the rung
ladder.

The Top Position reference point must be at the Finished


Floor Level (FFL) of the top landing area.

An edge is selected for the top reference point as this


determines the direction of the rung ladder, that is, the Y
direction of the rung ladder will be perpendicular to the
selected edge.

Click the Pick Top Exit Edge (FFL) button and select the
Northern edge of the roof panel near the West end.

The exact position does not matter as the ladder will be


accurately positioned after the elevations have been
established.

An aid point and label are displayed at the selected position.

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The Top Elevation (FFL) textbox displays the elevation


derived from the edge pick.

The elevation may be changed manually by entering


another value in the textbox or, similarly to stair flights,
clicking the Modify Position… link label to display the
Rung Ladder Position form.

However, the edge selection is required to establish the


direction of the rung ladder.

Note that the mandatory information symbol for the Top


Position frame has disappeared.

The Bottom Elevation reference point also needs to be at


the FFL of the bottom landing area.

Click the Pick Bottom Elevation (FFL) button and select


the top of BASE_SLAB_2 in the 3D View.

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It does not matter where the pick is made as the bottom


reference point initial position will be determined using the
top reference point and the pitch of the ladder.

The Bottom Elevation (FFL) textbox is populated with the


elevation derived from the pick. The elevation may be
changed manually by entering another value in the textbox.

An initial evaluation is made of the climbing height of the


ladder against the range given in the Standard and, if within
the limits, the mandatory information is complete, and the
rung ladder is displayed in aid graphics.

Note that the message in the Evaluation frame is updated,


the mandatory information symbols in the Bottom Position
frame and the Evaluation frame have disappeared and the
Build Rung Ladder button is active.

If the evaluation is unsuccessful, that is, the climbing height


is outside the range specified in the Standard, an error
message is displayed, and the mandatory symbol is retained
until a valid climbing height is obtained.

After picking the Bottom Elevation, the ladder is


displayed in aid graphics.

When the Top Exit Edge (FFL) is selected, the Y direction


of the rung ladder is set to be perpendicular to the
selected edge and the application determines the
‘outside’ of the selected edge such that the ladder is
built on that side of the edge.

However, on some occasions the incorrect side of the


edge is determined, or the ladder is required to be built
on the ‘inside’ of the picked edge.

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In the Positioning Tools frame clicking the Flip Rung Ladder


Direction button sets the rung ladder Y direction to be the opposite
direction to the direction first determined, that is, 180° different.
This has the effect of mirroring the ladder around the picked edge.

Ensure the ladder direction is correct, located running down the


outside of the building wall.

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The centre of the rung ladder, that is, the centre of the rungs and the mid-point between the stiles, is built at
the Foot Clearance criteria default distance away from the picked exit edge. Flipping the ladder maintains
the offset.

In some instances, the Foot Clearance at the top exit may not be
sufficient, i.e. if there is an obstruction closer to the rung ladder
within its climbing height.

In the Positioning Tools frame the clicking the Pick Foot Clearance Edge button displays the prompt ‘SLH Rung
Ladder – Pick Foot Clearance Edge:’

Picking a suitable edge moves the rung ladder in its –Y direction such that the default Foot Clearance value is
maintained at the picked edge.

The distance from the picked Top Exit Edge will increase and may need to be in-filled, depending on the
Standard being used.

In this worked example, all obstructions are in the same plane as the reference points, so no further action is
required.

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The X Offset and Nudge positioning tools work in the


same way as described for Stair Flights.

Enter a value of -4750 in the X Offset field then click the


X Offset from button to display the Positioning Control
form. Set Graphics and Cursor on the form.

Pick the North West corner of the roof panel to locate


the rung ladder as shown.

Rung Ladders are positioned based on their origin, which is at the mid-point between the stiles in line with
the ladder rungs at the picked Top Exit Edge.

All mandatory information is now complete, and the rung ladder is correctly positioned. Click the Build Rung
Ladder button and close the form. The aid graphics are converted to the Layout representation.

Navigate to the newly created RLADDR element in Model Explorer and expand the hierarchy. Note the
elements created for the Layout mode rung ladder.

Save Work.

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4.4.3 Creating a Rung Ladder in Detail Mode


An inclined ladder will be created to provide access between the roof top of building B01 and the rooftop of
building B02. Ensure both buildings are displayed in the 3D view.

Make FRMW B01_LEVEL_03_LADDERS the current element.

Click the SLH > Create > Rung Ladder button to display
the Create Rung Ladder form.

Ensure the Detail radio button is selected for the


Representation Mode.

The process of creating a rung ladder in Detail mode is


similar to that of Layout mode. However, in Detail
mode five pages of information are required, General
Attributes, Position and Elevation, Ladder Assembly,
Specifications and Ladder Details.

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4.4.3.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes section select the SLH Training default, if not already selected. Enter
B01_LEV03_LADDER_1A in the Name textbox. Enter Escape Ladder B01 in the Description textbox.

This rung ladder is inclined.


Enter 80 in the Pitch textbox.

Select a Left Side from the Exit Type options list. Note that the Pitch value
reverts to 90 degrees and that the Pitch field can no longer be edited. This
is because side exits rung ladders cannot be inclined.

Select Front from the Exit Type options list and re-
enter 80 in the Pitch textbox.

Leave the Width inside Stiles set to the default value


of 400mm.

Select Left-side Hinge from the Safety Gate options


list.

Click the Next arrow button.

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4.4.3.2 Position and Elevation

Click the Pick Top Exit Edge (FFL) button and select
the edge of the roof panel of building B02
somewhere near the South West corner to display
an aid point and label.

Click the Pick Bottom Elevation (FFL) button and,


using the Positioning Control form settings of
Graphics and Cursor, select the roof panel of building
B01.

Aid graphics representing the ladder are displayed.

If the aid graphics are incorrectly orientated use the


Flip Ladder Direction button in the Positioning
Tools frame to correct the rung ladder direction.

The rung ladder is to be positioned 6300mm from the


southwest corner of building B02.

Enter a value of -6300 in the X Offset textbox and


click the adjacent Pick button.

Using the Positioning Control form settings of Graphics and Cursor, pick the southwest corner of the roof
panel of building B02.

The aid graphics update to reflect the new offset position. Click the Next arrow button.

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4.4.3.3 Ladder Assembly

In the Ladder Assemblies section select the


Training_Rung_Ladder_Assy_with_Flare assembly from the
list

A preview of the selected assembly is shown below the table in


a 3D View.

The preview 3D view behaves in the same manner as the


regular 3D View used in Model.

Users can rotate, pan and zoom into the previewed assembly
to ensure the correct item is selected.

With the Training_Rung_Ladder_Assy_with_Flare assembly


selected, click the Next arrow button.

4.4.3.4 Specifications

The Specifications page enables the user to select appropriate profile specifications and catalogue items,
limited by the Default being used, for the rung ladder being built.

Specifications are grouped in three sections for rung ladders.

In the Ladder Specifications frame the Rung and Stile elements are grouped together

Select the SB-D15 CTOP (PROFILE) Rung profile SB-FB100.0x8 for the Stile profile from their respective option
lists.

In the Cage Specifications section, the Hoop and Bar elements are grouped together. For the Cage
Specifications select the SB-FB50x5 LBOT Hoop profile and the SB-FB50x5 LMID Bar profile from their
respective option lists.

In the Gate Specification section a safety gate may be selected


from the options list. This option will be greyed out if no safety
gate has been specified on the General Attributes page. A
preview displayed in the form’s 3D View.

Select Variable_Rung_Ladder_Gate from the options list.

Click the Next arrow button.

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4.4.3.5 Ladder Details

The Ladder Details page enables the user to check any of the main geometry attributes of the rung ladder.
Some attributes may be modified with the range of the Standards criteria. Tool tips provide the range values
from the Standard associated with the selected Default.

If the user is uncertain of how the parameter is defined a


check can be made by clicking the adjacent Show
Dimension button.

Some attributes will not be active if design


elements, such as cages, have been omitted.

By default, the Rung Spacing and Bottom Rung Spacing values are equal, however, the returned value may
not be suitable for fabrication. Enter 240 in the Rung Spacing textbox and note that the Bottom Rung Spacing
has been re-calculated.

The Rung Spacing and Bottom Rung Spacing may be made equal again by clicking the Equal button adjacent
to the Bottom Rung Spacing caption.

A similar mechanism is available for cage Top Hoop Spacing.

Click the Equal button adjacent to the Bottom Rung Spacing


caption. Leave the remaining Ladder Details as they have been
calculated.

All mandatory information is now complete, and the rung ladder


is correctly positioned. Click the Build Rung Ladder button and
close the form.

The aid graphics are replaced with the profiles and catalogue
elements previously selected.

Navigate to the newly created rung ladder in the Model Explorer.


Note the wider range of elements created using this method
compared to Layout mode.

Save Work.

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Exercise 2 – Creating and Modifying Rung Ladders


The roof area of building B02 requires an access rung ladder to the top of the stairwell structure. Using the
SLH Training Default and the information provided below create the required ladder

Use the FRMW LADDERS owned by STRU B02-ACCESS to build the


rung ladder

The origin of the ladder should be positioned 750mm from the


western wall of the stairwell structure.

Plan North

Feature Requirement
Representation Mode Detail
Exit Type Front
Pitch 90 degrees
Width 600mm
Truncate Stile 50mm
Safety Gate Left-side Hinge
Assembly Training_Rung_Ladder_Assy_no_Flare
Rung Specification SLH_Complex_Variable
Stile Specification SB-FB100x10
Hoop Specification SB-FB50X5 LBOT
Bar Specification SB-FB50X5 LMID
Gate Specification 600mm_Rung_Ladder_Double_Chain

Save Work.

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CHAPTER 5

5 Step Ladders
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Step Ladder (SLADDR) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode step ladders is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of Step Ladders.

5.1 Step Ladder Hierarchy Overview


The administrative hierarchy is the same as other SLH elements; however, the component hierarchy varies
depending on the Representation Mode used. The diagrams below illustrate typical component hierarchies
for a Step Ladder.

Hierarchy for Layout Mode


lement Description

SLADDR Step Ladder element


SLRAIL1 Step Ladder Handrail element
SLRAIL2 Step Ladder Handrail element

This hierarchy represents a step ladder created in Layout mode. The step ladder owns two handrail elements
(SLRAIL). Although the step ladder treads do not appear in the hierarchy, all major attributes relating to the
step ladder geometry are owned by the SLADDR element.

In Layout mode, the representation step ladder elements in the model is provided by a pre-defined
representation that are applied to the geometric attributes.

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Hierarchy for Detail Mode


Element Description

SLADDR Step Ladder element


TOPEXT Top Extension element
TREADS Step Ladder Tread Set
TREAD Step Ladder Tread element
STRSTR Step Ladder Stringer element
SLRAIL Step Ladder Rail element

This hierarchy represents a step ladder created in Detail mode. The step ladder has handrails as in Layout
mode, but a detailed hierarchy containing GENSECs is used to support the detailed representation. For a Detail
mode step ladder the SLADDR element owns a Tread Set (TREADS), and two Step Ladder Handrail elements
(SLRAIL).

The TREADS own a number of Tread (TREAD) elements while the STRSTR element owns GENSECs
corresponding to the left and right stringers.

The TOPEXT element owns a PANEL which represents the top extension plate, if required.

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5.2 Creating a Step Ladder


The SLH application enables the user to create Step Ladders with a variety of configurations.

Some dependencies are inherent to the application. If a user


selects an invalid task or action, a suitable error message will
be displayed.
On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Step Ladder
button displays the Create Step Ladder form.

Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or six pages for the creation process.
Creating step ladders using both representation modes are described in the worked examples later in this
chapter.

The format of the Create Step Ladder form is typical of other creation forms in the SLH application and makes
use of many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. However, there are some
features unique to the creation of Step Ladders. These features are described in the following sections.

5.2.1 Step Ladder Representation Options


On the General Attributes page there are a number of representation options that allow the user to
significantly alter the manner in which step ladders are created in Model.

The display of these options is controlled by the


SLH Administrator via the Default.

The Use Top Stringer Gap and Use Bottom Stringer


Gap check boxes enables the top and bottom edge
of the step ladder to be positioned a set distance
away from the picked top and bottom edges. This
option can be disabled in the Default being used, if
it is not a requirement. The gap values are set in
the Default.

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The Pitch options list displays all the available valid values for the
step ladder pitch. These are set in the Default being used, along with
a corresponding Pitch Line Offset for that pitch of step ladder.

It is common practice for the Pitch Line Offset dimension for Step
Ladders to change depending upon the pitch. This is controlled via
the valid values in the Default.

For further details refer to TM-1864 AVEVA™ E3D Design Stairs,


Ladders and Handrail Administration training guide.

5.2.2 Reference Point Options


A number of options relate to picking reference points. Reference points allow the user to specify the edge
from which a step ladder will start and the plane or edge at which the step ladder will terminate. The start
and end points of the step ladder are noted as the FROM and TO reference points.

The FROM reference point has particular significance as it uses the selected edge to set the direction of the
stair flight. The direction of the stair flight will be perpendicular to the direction of the selected edge.

The FROM Reference Point must initially be set by making a


graphical selection via the Pick Edge (FFL) button. Thereafter,
its position may be adjusted by clicking the Pick Edge (FFL)
button again and picking a new edge or by clicking the
Modify Position… link label.

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Clicking the Modify Position… link label displays the FROM


Position form enabling an explicit position with respect to a
datum to be entered

5.2.3 Connections to Supporting Elements


Step Ladders created in Detail mode can be connected to supporting structural members. After selecting the
FROM or TO Reference Point the Pick Support Element button is activated.

Clicking the Pick Support Element button enables a supporting element for the step ladder to
be selected. The supporting element must be a GENSEC and is highlighted red in the 3D View.

The Floor Thickness value is also updated when the user


selects a supporting beam.

The application determines the distance between the FFL


and the supporting element and adjusts the thickness of the
panel element used to represent the first tread (top
extension configuration) to ensure the step ladder
terminates flush with the selected reference position.

If a connection is required to the supporting element, the


Connect checkbox can be selected. If a connection is
selected, the floor thickness value is retained for use with
the Modify Step Ladder form and the necessary hierarchy is
created to enable a structural joint to be applied at the
connection.

Where a step ladder terminates at a plane the Connect


checkbox is also enabled and a supporting element can be
selected. The Floor Thickness value is updated, and this
information can be used later in the creation process to
extend the stringers through the floor to the elevation of
the supporting element.

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Joints must be applied as a separate activity. AVEVA E3D Design does not currently supply sample joints
for these connections.When selecting the TO Reference Point, two methods can be selected; to Plane
or to Edge.

If the to Edge option is selected, the same process as that of the FROM Reference Point described previously
is followed.

If the to Plane option is selected, a suitable planar element must be selected, or an elevation may be entered
in the Elevation textbox.

If the direction of the step ladder is incorrect, as shown by the aid graphics,
the Flip Step Ladder Direction button can be used to change the direction by
180°.

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5.2.4 Step Ladder Configurations


The SLH application supports a variety of basic step ladder configurations suitable for step ladders spanning
between two edges or between an edge and a plane. Two configurations are available between two edges
and two configurations are available for step ladders to a plane. The supported configurations are:

Edge to Plane Configurations:

Configuration Description

To Plane with No Extensions – The step ladder must have a planar element as
its TO reference point. No extension is allowed at the upper edge or at the
lower planar element.

To Plane with Top Extension – The step ladder must have a planar element as
its TO reference point. An extension is permitted at the upper edge.

Edge to Edge Configurations:

Configuration Description

To Edge No Extensions – No extensions are allowed between the selected


edges of the stair flight.

To Edge with Top Extension – An extension is only allowed at the upper edge
of the stair flight.

The availability of step ladder configurations and customisation options is controlled by the SLH Administrator
via settings in the SLH Defaults. The configuration down to a plane with a top extension is mandatory.

For Edge to Plane configurations the Step Ladder is modelled using


the Pitch attribute set in the General Attributes page.

The pitch values are set by the Default and are generally set at 5°
increments between 60° and 75°, the safe working range for step
ladders determined by the Standard.

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For an Edge to Edge with Top Extension configuration, the application


attempts to keep the set Pitch attribute value by adjusting the Upper
Extension length within the limits set in the Default.

If this is not possible, the step ladder will be modelled to a pitch as


close as possible to the set Pitch attribute, within the maximum and
minimum pitch set in the Default.

For a To Edge No Extensions configuration the pitch is calculated


according to the edge picks irrespective of the pitch set in the General
Attributes page, as long as the derived pitch falls within the allowable
pitch range of the Default.

Since the pitch does not meet the selected pitch, the configuration is
displayed with an orange circle, indicating that the pitch is within
allowable limits but does not exactly match the pitch set in the General
Attributes page.

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5.2.5 Step Ladder Handrail Assemblies

The geometry of the step ladder handrail is determined by


the selected assembly.

The available assemblies are set in the Default being used.

Four bottom shapes and six top shapes for the handrail are
supplied and all combinations are available, if required. All
assemblies are designed for a Flat Bar (FBAR) Gtype.

The assembly names are derived from the bottom and top
shapes. For example, B1T1 denotes an assembly combining
bottom shape 1 with top shape one.

A preview of the assembly is displayed in the page’s 3D View.

The Assembly only applies to the Handrail of the Step Ladder.


The stringers and tread arrangement are defined according to
the settings in the Default, in a similar way to Stair Flights.

5.3 Modifying a Step Ladder


On the SLH tab, in the Modify group, clicking the Modify Step Ladder button displays the Modify Step ladder
form which enables Layout step ladders to be changed Detail step ladders in addition to changing any of the
design parameters set during the creation process.

It is not possible to modify a Detail mode stair to become a Layout mode stair.

The positioning options available for Step Ladders are the same as previously covered for Stair Flights.

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5.4 Creating and Modifying Step Ladders – a Worked Example


This worked example, and the exercise that follows, create step ladders down from the Equipment Support.

5.4.1 Setting up the 3D View


In Model Explorer, navigate to SITE-STRUCTURAL-AREA01 and expand the hierarchy. Expand the hierarchy for
ZONE ZONE-STRUCTURAL –AREA01. Select STRU EQUIP_SUPPORT and add it to the 3D View.

Navigate to SITE SITE-CIVIL-AREA01 and expand the hierarchy. Expand the hierarchy for ZONE ZONE-CIVIL-
AREA01. Select SLAB BASE_SLAB and add it to the 3D View.

Set the viewing direction as shown.

BUILDING_B01

A step ladder will be created between the equipment support at Level +104880 and the intermediate platform.
The step ladder will be created in Layout mode, and then modified to Detail mode.

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5.4.2 Creating a Step Ladder in Layout Mode

In Model Explorer navigate to EQUIP_SUPPORT and make FRMW


EQUI_SUPPORT/STEPLADDERS the CE.

Click the SLH > Create > Step Ladder button to display the Create Step Ladder form. Ensure the Layout radio
button is selected for the Representation Mode.

In Layout mode four pages of information are required: General Attributes, Reference Points, Step Ladder
Configuration and Step Ladder Details.

5.4.2.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes frame select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated
with this Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list.

Note that the Mandatory information symbol has disappeared and the General Attributes text at the top of
the form has a blue tick adjacent to it and the text is now a link label.

This indicates that the mandatory information for this page is complete and the next page is available,
however, further information may be added.

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Enter STEPLADDER_104880 in the Name textbox.

Enter Step Ladder 104880 in the Description textbox.

Select the Pitch option list and note the three valid values,
60°, 65° and 70°, defined by the Default.

Select 65° from the Pitch options list.

Select the Width option list and note the three valid
values, 500mm, 600mm and 700mm, defined by the
Default.

Select 500mm from the Width options list.

Click the Next arrow button to display to the Reference


Points page.

The Use Top Stringer Gap and Use Bottom Stringer Gap
check boxes are greyed out as stringer gaps are not
allowed in the Default.

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5.4.2.2 Reference Points

Reference Points marking the beginning and end of the step


ladder must now be selected. Click the Pick Edge (FFL)
button.

A graphical selection must be made of the first reference


point (the FROM point).

Select a point along the edge of the equipment support


panel as shown, at the finished floor level, somewhere near
the mid-point.

The Floor Thickness textbox is populated automatically


according to the selected element.

This flight will extend between the floor of Level +104880


and the landing so second reference point (the TO point) is
required.

Select the to Edge radio button and click the Pick Edge (FFL)
button.

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Select the edge of the platform plate.

The 3D View is updated to show three aid lines representing


the step ladder centreline and the stringer extremities

The TO Reference Point is perpendicular to the edge


selected when the FROM Reference Point.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Step Ladder Configuration page of the form.

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5.4.2.3 Step Ladder Configuration

Available configurations are determined by the selected Default being used and the type of pick made for the
TO reference point (in this case To Edge). All permitted options will be displayed.

On the Stair Configuration page an improved aid


graphic representation is displayed.

The updated representation reflects the


configuration selected and includes a corresponding
obstruction volume.

Enhanced aid graphics are only displayed for valid


step ladder configurations. If a valid step ladder
cannot be selected three aid lines will continue to
be displayed.

Where the pitch exactly matches the criteria in the Default, a


Green filled circle will be placed in the header of the
configuration.

Where a step ladder configuration geometry meets the


Standard, but does not exactly match the default, an Orange
circle is used. Details of the parameters that do not fully
comply with the default are displayed as information.

If it is not possible to create a stair flight with geometry that


meets the Standard from the given criteria, a Red circle is
used with an explanation note. The creation of the step
ladder is also prevented from progressing to subsequent
pages.

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Select the No top extension configuration from the Stair Configuration list.

The Pitch for this configuration does not match the specified 65° pitch since the step ladder is edge to edge,
and the pitch is calculated as explained previously.

The step ladder can be moved to its correct position by using either the X Offset textbox or the Nudge arrows.
Regardless of the method used, it is important to remember that the adjustment is applied to the centreline
of the stair flight.

Enter a value of 550 in the X Offset textbox and click the X Offset
from button to display the Positioning Control form and set
Graphics and Snap.

Select the North East corner of the landing. The aid representing
the centre of the step ladder is now be aligned to the centre of the
platform panel.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Step ladder Details page.

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5.4.2.4 Step Ladder Details

The Step Ladder Details page enables a check any of the main geometry attributes of the step ladder. Some
attributes may be modified with the range of the Standard’s criteria. Tool tips provide the range values from
the Standard associated with the selected Default.

If the user is uncertain of how the parameter is defined a check can be made by clicking the adjacent Show
Dimension button.

Leave all the Step Ladder details as they have been calculated and click the
Build Step Ladder button to create the Layout mode step ladder.

Navigate to the newly created step ladder and note the elements used to
create the step ladder in layout mode.

Save work.

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5.4.3 Modifying the Step Ladder

With the newly created step ladder the CE, on the


SLH tab, in the Modify group, click the Step Ladder
button to display the Modify Step Ladder form.

Click the Detail radio button. The two additional


pages which were not active in Layout mode are
activated; Handrail Assembly and Specifications.

Click the Handrail Assembly link label to navigate to


the Handrail Assembly page.

Select assembly B1T1 from the Select Assembly grid.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Specifications page.

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The Specifications page allows the user to select the


profile specification for the step ladder stringers,
treads, handrail and handrail posts.

Select SB-FB120x12 for the Stringers

Select Fixed Non-Slip Tread 500x120

Select CS-CHS42.4x3.2 for the Rail

Select CS-CHS33.7x/3.2 for the Posts

Click the Next arrow button to progress to the Step


Ladder Details page.

The Stringer Snipe is set to the default of 50mm.


Change the value to 100mm.

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Click the Modify Step Ladder button and modify the step
ladder to the new settings.

Navigate to the step ladder in the Model Explorer and


compare the elements used to in Detail mode as compared
to the previous Layout mode version.

Save work.

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Exercise 3 - Creating and Modifying Step Ladders


Create the step ladder from the west platform to the base of the equipment support as shown, using the SLH
Training default. Create in the same position in the hierarchy as the previous step ladder.

Create the step ladder in Layout mode, beneath FRMW


EQUI_SUPPORT/STEPLADDERS.

Set the Width as 500mm and the Pitch to 65°. Select the
With Top Extension configuration.

Modify the step ladder to Detail mode.

Investigate how changing the step ladder Pitch and Width


changes the choice of treads available in the Specifications
page of the form.

Select different handrail assemblies, noting the effect it has


on the handrail shape.

Change the values in the Step Ladder Details page for


Stringer and Handrail, noting the changes to the geometry.

Finally, change the step ladder to a Pitch of 65°and a Width


of 500mm,

Select Assembly B1T1.

Select SB-FB120x12 for the Stringers

Select Fixed Non-Slip Tread 500x120


Save work. Select CS-CHS42.4x3.2 for the Rail

Select CS-CHS33.7x/3.2 for the Posts.

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CHAPTER 1

6 Handrails
This chapter covers the creation and modification of Handrail (HANDRA) elements. The hierarchy of both
Layout mode and Detail mode stair flights is explained, along with a number of unique features relating to
creation and modification of handrails.

In detail mode, Handrail may be top mounted, or side mounted in continuous or panelled styles. however, in
Layout mode, handrail is always simply represented by continuous, two rail, top mounted handrail.

6.1 Handrail Hierarchy Overview


The administrative hierarchy is the same as other SLH elements; however, the component hierarchy vary
depending on the Representation Mode used, the style of handrail required, and the use of template or
catalogue elements. The diagrams below illustrate typical component hierarchies for Handrail.

Layout Mode

Element Description

HANDRA Handrail element


HRFEAT Handrail Feature element
HRGATE Handrail Gate element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element

This hierarchy represents a handrail created in Layout mode.

A Handrail element (HANDRA) owns a route path (RPATH), which in turn owns a number of route point
elements (POINTR).

Any openings or gates created in the handrail are considered Handrail Gate (HRGATE) elements. These
elements are owned by a Handrail Feature (HRFEAT) element, which in turn is directly owned by the HANDRA
element.

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Pre-defined representations are applied to the RPATH, providing the physical representation of the handrail
in the model.

Detail Mode – Continuous style

Element Description

HANDRA Handrail element


POSTSE Post Set element
HRPOST Handrail Post element
RAILSE Rail Set element
RAIL Rail element
HRTERM Handrail Termination element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element
HRKPSE Handrail Kick Plate Set element
KICKPL Kick Plate element
HRFEAT Handrail Feature element
HRGATE Handrail Gate element

This hierarchy represents a Continuous handrail created in Detail mode. The HANDR) owns a number of
administrative elements that relate to significant components of a handrail.

The route of the handrail path is defined by a RPATH element that owns a series of Route Point (POINTR)
elements.

A Post Set (POSTSE) element owns a number of Handrail Post (HRPOST) elements. HRPOST elements may be
GENSECs, catalogue components or templates.

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A Rail Set (RAILSE) element owns one or more Rail (RAIL) elements and any Handrail Termination (HRTERM)
elements, if created. RAIL elements have a Profile Specification reference and HRTERM elements may be a
catalogue component or a template.

A Kickplate Set (HRKPSE) element owns Kickplate (KICKPL) elements which have a Specification Reference.

As with Layout mode handrail, openings and gates created in the handrail are considered HRGATE elements
that are owned by a Handrail Feature (HRFEAT) element.

Detail Mode - Panelled style

Element Description
HANDRA Handrail element
HRPNSE Handrail Panel Set element
HRPANE Handrail Panel element
TMPL Template element
GENSEC General Section element
PANE Panel element
DPSE Data Point Set element
DDSE Design Data Set element
RPATH Route Path element
POINTR Route Point element

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HRFEAT Handrail Feature element


HRGATE Handrail Gate element

This hierarchy represents a Panelled handrail created in Detail mode that utilises template panels. In this
case the handrail element (HANDRA) only owns three administrative elements.

As with the other handrail types described previously, the route of the handrail path is held as a series of
POINTR elements owned by a RPATH element. Openings and gates are both considered HRGATE elements and
are owned by a HRFEAT element.

For Panelled handrail a Handrail Panel Set (HRPNSE) element owns a number of Handrail Panel (HRPANE)
elements. In this example a Template (TMPL) element is used to provide physical representation of the panel
elements. This enables SLH administrators to utilise the advantages of Data Points and Data Sets in conjunction
with standard structural elements.

The Layout and Detail hierarchies used for handrail elements can be also be owned by Stair Flight (STRFLT)
elements.

6.2 Creating Handrail


Available handrail assemblies for Detail mode, both Continuous and Panelled, are held in the Default.

On the SLH tab, in the Create group, clicking the Create Handrail button displays the Create Handrail form.
Depending on the Representation Mode selected, the form has four or five pages for the creation process.
Creating handrail using both representation modes is described in the worked examples later in this chapter

Although displayed as if mandatory, it is not necessary to navigate to the Openings page in order to create
Layout or Detail handrail.

The format of the Create Handrail form is typical of other create forms in the SLH application. It makes use of
many of the common functions and features noted in previous sections. There are some features unique to
the creation of handrail. These features are described in the sections that follow.

Handrail routes can be defined using:

Create Route Point functionality where individual route points are selected

Copy Route Path functionality where a route path is defined using an existing planar element or a stair flight.

The SLH Administrator can control the availability of the Copy Route Path functionality via the Default.

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6.2.1 Route Definition – Planar Elements

The Copy Route Path functionality is limited to certain elements


within the model. Valid elements are generally planar elements,
although there are some exceptions to this rule, e.g. stair flights
and GENSECs.

Where the user selects an invalid element to copy the path from
an error message is returned to the user.

When an element is selected to copy the path from, a confirmation message is


displayed asking if all route points should be copied.

Clicking the Yes button creates Route Points at


the vertex points of the element. The total
number of route points is displayed in the Route
Points section.

The Path Start position of the Route Path and the


Current Route Point are marked in the 3D View.
The aid graphic indicating the selected Finished
Floor Level (FFL) re-positions to the Current
Route Point. Additional aid graphics representing
the handrail are displayed around the extremities
of the panel.

Clicking the No button displays numbered aid


spheres at each significant vertex of the element
and the prompt ‘Pick first route point:’ is
displayed.

An aid sphere is must be selected as the start of


the Route Path.

When an aid sphere has been picked, a Start


marker is displayed at the picked point and the
prompt Pick last route point: displayed.

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On picking a second point, a confirmation message is displayed asking the user


about the direction in which the Route Path should be defined.

Clicking the Yes button creates the Route Path as stated in the confirmation
message, while clicking the No button creates the opposite route.

Numbers Descending

Numbers Ascending

Other Route Point editing and creation functions can be employed after the Copy Route Path function has
been used. The Copy Route Path function can also be re-selected and applied to other valid elements.

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6.2.2 Route Definition – Stair Flights


Stair Flight elements can be used to create a Route Path using the Copy Route Path functionality. The position
and orientation of the path will vary with the graphical pick made, that is, which part of the stair flight is picked,
the Finished Floor Level selected and whether the handrail starts at the stair flight.

Selecting the Copy Route Path… button


followed by a stair stringer will create route
points along the centre of the stringer.

If no route points exist for the handrail (i.e. the


stringer is the first element picked) the
handrail will be created with the current route
point at the end of the stringer at the FFL
selected.

If the user selects the stair treads or landing


rather than a specific stringer, the application
will route the path up the right-hand side of
the stair as viewed from the lower reference
point.

Where a Layout handrail is being applied to a Layout stair flight a


confirmation message is displayed. Clicking the No button routes
the handrail along the left side of the stair flight.

Stair flights can also be used to position route points in a conventional sense. By clicking the Create Route
Points… button components of the stair flight, for example stringers, can be used to establish the position of
route points at the selected FFL.

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6.3 Modifying Handrail


The extent to which handrail elements can be modified is considerable when compared to either stairs or
ladders. There are five modification tools and forms available for use in the SLH application:

• The Modify Handrail form.

• The Modify Handrail Component form.

• The Split Rails form.

• The Split Handrail utility

• The Merge Handrail utility

As with other SLH elements, Detail handrail cannot be modified to Layout handrail.

Each of these modification functions is designed to modify the handrail in a different way. For example, the
Modify Handrail form enables changes effecting the entire handrail to be made. In contrast, the Modify
Handrail Components form allows specific elements of an established handrail to be modified.

In order to avoid unnecessary re-work; it is important to ensure that the path of the handrail, and the
positioning of openings within that path, are well established prior to detailing the handrail. It is recommended
that handrail modification tasks be considered in the following order:

1) Route changes and extensions.

2) Splitting into new handrail elements.

3) Significant specification or spacing changes for posts or rails.

4) Addition of gates or openings.

5) Merging of handrail elements.

6) Placing additional posts.

7) Individual post specification changes.

8) Splitting rails between posts or around obstructions.

9) Terminations and any other fittings.

To ensure that a modified handrail still complies with the original standard, a data checker can be used to
validate the design.

Use of the Data Checker with SLH elements is described later in this training guide.

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6.3.1 The Modify Handrail Form


On the STAIRS LADDERS HANDRAIL tab, in the Modify group, clicking the Modify Handrail button displays the
Modify Handrail form which enables changes to Layout and Detail handrails to be made in addition to
changing any of the design parameters set during the creation process.

This form is used when fundamental changes are required to the design of the handrail, for example, the
handrail height or post spacing is to be changed, or the Route Path is to be re-defined. Minor modifications
or additions and modifications to individual elements of the handrail must be carried out using the Modify
Handrail Components form.

6.3.2 The Modify Handrail Components Form


On the SLH tab, in the Tools group, clicking the Components button displays the Modify Handrail Components
form.

This form enables fine tuning of aspects of the handrail


relating to gates, posts, terminations, rails, kickplate and
panels.

The upper section of the form is arranged into a series of tabs


each relating to a handrail component.

The components, present in the current handrail, are listed


in a grid. Below this grid the individual parameters that relate
to the component type are displayed.

Where applicable, the lower section of the form contains a


3D View. Individual items selected from the grid can be
viewed in this area.

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6.3.3 Splitting
In order to split a handrail another item must physically intersect it. Where the same item intersects the
handrail in a number of places, individual splits must be undertaken at each location. Once the handrail has
been split a new HANDRA element and RPATH element are created.

Where a handrail forms a closed loop new HANDRA and RPATH elements are created only after a second
split is made.

Care should be taken when selecting split points to ensure the direction of the handrail is consistent, as it is
not possible to split a handrail where it changes direction.

Two types of splitting function are available for modifying


handrail; Split Handrail and Split Rails. Each function uses
different methods and fulfils different purposes.

6.3.3.1 Split Handrail

The Split Handrail functionality creates new handrail elements. This type of splitting allows a long run of
handrail to be broken into many parts in order to obtain the correct layout for various sections of the handrail.

Using this method of splitting will remove any specific detailing that
may have been added to the handrail. As such, it is important to
consider how the handrail is sectioned early in the modelling process.

Panel handrail and handrail created using Layout mode can only be split using the Split Handrail utility.

6.3.3.2 Split Rails form

The Split Rails form is designed for use at a later stage in the
modelling process. It enables handrail to be split around clashing
items in the path of the handrail or to remove localised sections of
rail and kickplate.

Any splits created using this functionality are treated as other


editing tasks. If a significant modification is made using one of the
other modification functions the split detailing will be lost.

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The Split Rails on Element button utilises the limits box of the element intersecting the handrail. The utility
determines which rail and kickplate elements of the selected handrail intersect the limits box of the
penetrating element.

It then splits the effected rail/kickplate at the extremities of the limits box and removes any rail/kickplate
elements within the limits box. A Clearance value can be entered in the textbox of the Split Rails form. The
Clearance value sets the cut plane at the specified distance from the edges of the limits box, removing
handrail elements from a wider area.

Consider the example shown, where an HVAC element


runs through the handrail element creating a clash at
the intermediate rail.

Entering a Clearance value of 100mm then selecting the


Split Rails on Element button displays the Pick the
element on which to split the rails/kickplate prompt.

Selecting the bend intersecting the rail will result in the


representation below.

A similar result could be achieved by using the Split Rails between 2 points button.

This functionality requires a series of graphical selections to identify the rail or kickplate element to be split
and two split points.

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Consider the HVAC and handrail example


outlined previously. Using the Split Rails
between 2 points button displays the Pick
rail or kickplate to split prompt.

On picking the mid-rail of the selected


handrail, further prompts to select the
split positions are displayed. In this
example the posts either side of the HVAC
element can be used as split points. On
making the second split point selection the
selected rail is removed between the
identified split points.

6.3.4 Merging
Two handrail elements can be merged to form one handrail element using the Merge Handrails functionality.

With a handrail as the current element, click the SLH > Tools >
Merge Handrails button displays the Pick handrail to be
merged to the current handrail prompt.

If the current handrail is a Detail handrail a confirmation


message will be displayed as merging Detail handrails causes
detailing modifications made previously to be removed.

The current handrail when clicking the Merge Handrail button is the dominant handrail for the merge, that is,
the attributes of that handrail will be inherited by the handrail picked to merge into the current handrail.

Detail and Layout handrails can be merged, however, the first handrail selected must be a Detail mode
handrail. This follows the wider principle inherent to the SLH application that Detail mode elements cannot
be reverted to the Layout mode.

Handrails do not need to be co-linear in order to be merged. Offset handrail can be merged however, to ensure
the model representation is appropriate, the distance between handrails should allow sufficient space to fit
an S-curve, i.e. a length of at least two tangent offset values.

In addition to the Merge Handrails function the Modify Handrail Components form can be used to extend
individual rails. The form can be used to create co-incident start and end positions of rails from different
handrails. Although not a true merge in terms of hierarchy, the graphical appearance is similar.

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6.4 Creating and Modifying Handrail – A Worked Example


Handrails will be created around the roof area of building B01 and added to the detail stair flight create
previously within the same building. The handrail created for the roof area will be modelled using the Layout
representation and a combination of route definition methods. The handrail added to the stair flight will be
modelled using the Detail representation mode.

6.4.1 Creating Handrail in Layout Mode


Clear the Drawlist. In Model Explorer, navigate to ZONE BUILDING_B01, add it to the 3D View and expand the
hierarchy. Select FRMW B01_LEVEL_03_HANDRAIL to make it the current element. Set the viewing direction
as shown.

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Click the SLH > Create > Create Handrail button to display
the Create Handrail form. Ensure the Layout radio button
is selected for the Representation Mode.

In Layout mode four pages of information are required


one of which is optional, General Attributes, Handrail
Details, Route Definition and Openings (optional).

6.4.1.1 General Attributes

On the General Attributes page select SLH Training from the Default options list. The Standard associated this
Default, ISO 14122, is displayed below the Default options list

Enter B01_LEV03_HANDRAIL_1 in the Name textbox.

Enter Roof Handrail. In the Description textbox.

The Height textbox is pre-populated based on the selected


Default. Leave the Height value as the default 1100mm.

In Layout mode it is possible to create handrail consisting of


only a single rail.
Checking the Single Rail checkbox displays two further buttons
in the General Attributes frame that allow the user to select
how the rail is supported; either side mounted (e.g. handrail
fastened to a wall) or floor mounted.

This example does not use single rail handrail so ensure the Single Rail checkbox is unchecked.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Handrail Details page.

6.4.1.2 Handrail Details

Details relating to the displayed geometry of the handrail can be adjusted using the Handrail Details frame.

The values displayed in the Continuous Handrail section are


pre-populated based on the selected Default.

Enter 1000 in the Post Spacing textbox.

Enter 150 in the Bend Radius textbox.

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The Kickplate section enables the kickplate representation to be selected. The three buttons are:

• Segmented Kickplate – this option creates a new KICKPL element at every change in direction of the
handrail. The corners of the kickplate are not curved.

• Continuous Kickplate – this option creates a single KICKPL element that is curved at the corners.

• No Kickplate – this option does not create a KICKPL element.

From the Kickplate frame click the Segmented Kickplate button.

The Continuous Kickplate option is not available in Layout mode

Click the Next arrow button to display the Route Definition page.

6.4.1.3 Route Definition

The path of the handrail is defined by a series of route points that are owned by an RPATH element. Route
points can be created individually or by copying points from another element.

For Layout mode handrail, the handrail posts and rails are constructed directly on the route path. As handrail
heights are measured above Finished Floor Level (FFL), this level must be established prior to any route points
being created. The route path will be created at the FFL, which may be re-selected during route point
definition.

In the Route Definition section click the Pick FFL… button


to display the Pick Finished Floor Level prompt.

Pick the top surface of the roof of building B01.

The FFL textbox updates to display the picked elevation.


This value can be adjusted by typing a new value into the
textbox. Alternatively, an increment can be entered into the
adjacent field and the associated up and down arrow
buttons used to modify the elevation

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With the FFL established, the functions in the Route Points section
are enabled. Minimum two route points are required for a handrail
to be constructed.

In this example, the vertices of the FLOOR element that forms the roof of building B01 will be used to create
the route points.

In the Route Points section, click the Copy Route Path button to display the
Pick element to copy route path from prompt

Select the roof of building B01.

The vertex points of the selected FLOOR element are


marked with numbered aid spheres.

The numbering correlates to the order in which the


FLOOR vertex points were created.

A Confirm message is displayed asking if all the route


points are to be copied.

Click the No button.

Clicking the No button on the Confirm message enables the vertices which will be used to create the route
path to be selected. On more complex elements, that is, with more potential route points, this enables the
exact path required to be created.

The Pick first route point: prompt is displayed. Select the aid sphere labelled 5. The point is labelled 5 – Start.

The Pick last route point: prompt is displayed. Select the aid sphere labelled 4 to display another Confirm
message is displayed asking if the vertices required are descending.

Clicking the Yes button would create a route path directly between points 5
and 4, that is, a straight line.

Clicking the No button would create a route path from point 5 to 4 through
points 1 and 2, that is, along three edges of the FLOOR element.

Click the No button.

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The handrail is displayed in aid graphics extending


around the south of building B01.

As two or more route points have now been created, the buttons in the Route Path Tools section are now
enabled.

Click the Close Handrail button to form a closed loop around the roof of the building and click the Build
Handrail button. The aid graphics are replaced with the Layout mode representation of continuous handrail.

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6.4.1.4 Modifying the Handrail

The route path of the handrail is located at the edge of the FLOOR element. As the Layout mode representation
is top mounted handrail, the route path would normally be inset from the edge of the roof.

The access ladder and safety gate located on the northern wall of the building must also be taken into
consideration. The section of the handrail along the northern edge will be re-positioned using Model Editor.

Zoom in to the North East corner of the roof of building B01.

Double click any of the handrail elements, e.g. a post, a rail,


etc. to display the Model Editor handle at the origin of the
route path.

Ensure the cursor is outside the area of the Model Editor


handle but over the handrail and right click to display the
Model Editor pop-up menu and select the Shape Editing
option.

The route path and route points are highlighted in red and the
current route point, i.e. the start, highlighted in turquoise.

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At this point the current route point could be


manipulated using the Model Editor. Each route point
could be modified to obtain the correct position.
However, with shape editing the edge can be modified.
Pick the highlighted route path along the northern edge
of building B01. The route points at either end of the
northern edge and the route path in this section are
highlighted turquoise.
Move the cursor over the Model Editor Y Axis linear
handle and right click to display the pop-up menu and
select the Align with Feature option.

Pan to the rung ladder created earlier on the northern


wall of building B01.

Click one of the P-points associated with the safety gate


of the rung ladder.

The handrail along the northern edge of the building is


now been aligned with the safety gate of the ladder.

Press the Esc key to exit Model Editor mode.

The handrail requires a gap for the ladder safety gate. Click the SLH > Modify > Modify Handrail button to
display the Modify Handrail form. The handrail reverts to aid line representation. Navigate to the Openings
page using the link label.

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The Openings frame contains a grid where information relating


to any openings in the current handrail are displayed. Adjacent to
the grid are three buttons allowing the user to add an opening,
remove an opening or pick a new position for a selected opening.

The width of the opening is displayed below the grid and is pre-
populated with a value from the Default. Other widths may be
entered via the Width textbox.

Click the Add Opening… button on the form to display the Pick
position to insert gate: prompt and the Positioning Control form.

Set the Positioning Control options to Graphics and Mid-point


and select the top rung of the rung ladder.

The gate is represented in aid graphics and an aid marker,


labelled GATE 1, displayed at the origin of the opening.

In the Openings frame the grid is updated with the new opening
details and additional buttons for the opening are displayed
beneath the Width textbox.

In Layout mode, the buttons enable the opening to be displayed


with or without a gate.

As the ladder already owns a safety gate click the No Gate


button.

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Click the Modify Handrail button.

Navigate to the handrail element in Model Explorer and


expand the hierarchy.

Note the range of elements created using Layout mode.

Save work.

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6.4.2 Creating Handrail in Detail Mode


Manipulate the display of building B01 to view the detailed stair flight created in Chapter 4.

Navigate to STRFLT B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B in Model Explorer to make it the CE.

Click the SLH > Create > Create Handrail button to display
the Create Handrail form.

Click the Detail radio button for the Representation


Mode.

In Detail mode five pages of information are required,


General Attributes, Select Assembly, Handrail Details,
Route Definition and Openings (optional).

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6.4.2.1 General Attributes

In the General Attributes section select the SLH Training Default. The standard associated with this default is
ISO 14122.

Enter B01_LEV01_STAIR_HR_L in the Name textbox.

Enter Stair Handrail in the Description textbox.

The Height textbox is pre-populated from the selected


Default. Leave the value at 1100mm.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Select Assembly


page.

6.4.2.2 Select Assembly

When handrail is created for detailed stair flights each side of the stair flight must be created individually. This
allows different assemblies to be applied on each side of the stair flight.

In the Select Assembly frame select Continuous


Handrail, Floor Mounted from the list of assemblies. A
preview of the selected assembly is displayed in the
Current Assembly 3D View.

The assembly is displayed relative to the route path.


Users need to be aware of this relationship when
defining the route path.

It is possible to change the handing of the assembly


relative to the route path by checking the Flip Left/Right
Handing checkbox.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Handrail


Details page.

6.4.2.3 Handrail Details

In Detail mode, some handrail details are determined by the


assembly. In this example the rail spacing is fixed within the
assembly, so the Rail Spacing textbox is inactive.

Leave the remaining values as the defaults.

Set the Kickplate option to Segmented Kickplate.

Click the Next arrow button to display the Route Definition page.

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6.4.2.4 Route Definition

The route for the handrail will be defined using Copy Route Path functionality applied to the stair stringer
after the selection of an appropriate FFL.

In the Route Definition section, click the Pick FFL…


button and select the FLOOR element at the top of
the stair flight, that is, B01_LEV02_FLOORS.

In the Route Points section click the Copy Route


Path… button.

Select the stringer on the left side of the stair (as


viewed from the lower landing) to display aid
graphics of the handrail along the stringer.

The handrail must be returned to an adjacent column to close off the stair well area.

In the Route Points frame click the Create Route Points… button.

Change the settings of the Positioning Control form


to Graphics and Intersect and pick the edge of the
floor element next to the stair cavity followed by
the LBOT P-line of the column.

The aid graphics display the handrail returned to


the column.

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Click the Build Handrail button.

The selected handrail assembly has been designed


with an offset in the Z direction. To bring the post
baseplates to the correct position the Modify
Handrail Components form must be used.

Make the new HANDRA element the CE and on the


SLH tab, in the Tools group, click the Components
button to display the Modify Handrail Components
form.

On the Posts tab then select all the posts displayed


in the grid by holding down the SHIFT key and
selecting the rows in the grid.

Enter 0 in the Z Offset textbox.

The handrails updates dynamically to adjust all of the


handrail posts.

The Z-offset adjusts the distance from the RPATH


to the bottom of the post.

Close the Modify Handrail Components form.

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The handrail should now look like this.

Navigate to STRFLT B01_LEV01_STAIR_1B in Model


Explorer and expand the hierarchy.
Note the HANDRA element that has been created is a
member of the stair flight.

Expand the hierarchy of the handrail element and note the variety of
elements created compared to that of Layout mode.

Save work.

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Exercise 4 – Creating and Modifying Handrail


The roof area of building B02 requires handrail around the perimeter. Using the SLH Training Default and the
information provided below create a suitable handrail for this area.

Use the hierarchy FRMW B02_LEVEL_04_HANDRAILS under the STRU BUILDING_02_LEVEL_04.

• Initially model the handrail in Layout mode. Use the Copy Route Path functionality to create the initial
path of the handrail.

• Using Model Editor shape editing functionality inset the handrail by 200mm on all edges.

• Split the handrail to account for the stair tower structure. Delete the handrail segment that goes through
the stair tower structure.

• Add the access ladder to B01 into the 3D View. Using the Modify Handrail form create a gap in the
handrail to allow the access ladder safety gate to be accommodated.

• Modify the handrail representation to a Detail mode. Select the Key Clamp Handrail Size 8 assembly.
Keep the post spacing at 1000mm.

• Using Key Clamp Handrail Size 8 components and the Modify Components form:

• Swap Mid-Posts for Corner-Posts at all corner positions. Change the post justification to suit the
location.

• Swap Mid-Posts for Railing-End-Section terminations where the gap has been created for the access
ladder.

• Add Wall-Terminations where the handrail intersects the stair tower structure.

• Add a kickplate to the handrail segments.

Save work.

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CHAPTER 7

7 SLH Utilities
AVEVA E3D Design has a number of utilities are available for use by designers and administrators. This chapter
provides an overview of some common utilities that supplement the SLH application.

7.1 Model Editor


As with other E3D model elements, SLH elements support the use of Model Editor which can be used to modify
both Layout and Detail mode SLH elements. Three main functions are contained within Model Editor:

• Model Editing

• Shape Editing

• Quick Routing.

These areas of functionality, with respect to SLH elements, are considered in the sections that follow.

For detailed instructions on the use of Model Editor refer to the TM–1801 AVEVA™ E3D Design
Foundations training guide.

7.1.1 Model Editing


This functionality is ideal for moving elements as a whole, based on their origin or an adjusted Model Editor
handle position. Moving an entire element, rather than constituent parts, helps to maintain the design
integrity inherent to the SLH creation processes.

Linear and Planar handles can be used to re-


position elements.

Standard drag, align and offset functions are


available and can be used in conjunction with
feature snapping.

While Rotation handles are available, their use


is not recommended as some geometric
parameters of RLADDR and STRFLT elements
are plane specific and unexpected or
unintended results will result.

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7.1.2 Shape Editing


As described in the previous chapter, Shape Editing functionality allows users to manipulate RPATH
components of handrail elements.

Shape editing functionality is restricted to handrail elements. Where a handrail is owned by a stair flight
shape editing functionality is also restricted.

With a handrail element selected and Model Editor


invoked, selecting Shape Editing from the right click pop-up
menu invokes Shape Editing mode.

Ensure that right click action is undertaken away from


the area of the Model Editor handle.

Shape Editing may also be invoked by double clicking the


handrail twice when in Model Editor.

Once in Shape Editing mode the Route Points are displayed


as aid spheres and the Route Path as aid lines.

The Current Route Point is highlighted in a different colour.

Another route point can be made the Current Route Point


by clicking the aid sphere associated with it.

Multiple route points can be selected by holding down the


CTRL key while selecting the required Route Points.

The Route Path between Route Points can be selected in a similar manner by clicking the Route Path aid
representation between two Route Points. The Route Path segment and the Route Points at either end of the
segment are highlighted.

Multiple Route Path segments can also be selected. Typical Model Editor functionality, i.e. drag, offset and
align, is available in shape editing mode.

Route Path segments and Route Points can be de-selected by clicking on the appropriate aid representation.

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7.1.3 Quick Routing


Quick Routing functionality allows RPATH elements to be lengthened or shortened and changes in direction
made. In the context of SLH it should only be used for Handrail elements.

With a handrail element selected and Model Editor


invoked, selecting Quick Routing from the right click pop-
up menu invokes Quick Routing.

Ensure that right click action is undertaken away


from the area of the model editor handles.

Quick Routing may also be invoked by double clicking the


handrail when in Model Editor.

Once Quick Routing is invoked, Quick Routing handles


are displayed at the Start Route Point and End Route
Point of the handrail.

The handle at one end has multiple axes whilst the other
has a single, smaller axis.
One axis has an arrow and is the active axis which can be
dragged. Clicking any of the other axis makes it the active
axis

Clicking the left mouse button allows the Route Path to


be dragged and extended (or shortened) in any of the
principle axes. Left mouse clicking again will specify the
required position.

Clicking on the smaller, single axis handle ‘swaps’ the


handles such that the other end of the Route Path can
be modified.

Press the Escape key to exit Quick Routing and Model Editor mode.

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7.2 The Checker Utility

AVEVA E3D Design has a Checker utility that can be used across a
variety of applications in the Model module. The Checker utility enables
the user to check the status and validity of SLH model elements. It can
be used to visually highlight elements that do not comply to Standards.
On the Home tab, in the Check group, clicking the Checker button
displays the Checker form.

The Checker utility is installed separately from AVEVA E3D Design. If the Checker form does not display,
or no checks are available, contact your administrator.

The Checker form contains four form menus:

• The Control menu enables to existing checks o be saved


or a previously failed check to be loaded. It also enables
an administrator to load newly created checks using the
Reload Checks option.

• The Add menu enables the Check Items list to be


populated using the CE, CE Members, Pick, Current
Collection and Failed List options.

• The Remove menu enables the removal of elements from


the Check Item list using the All, Selected, CE, CE
Members, Pick or Current Collection options.

• The Highlight menu enables colours to be set that are


used to represent items that have passed or failed data
checks.

The form includes a class of checks specific to SLH elements. AVEVA provide a sample set of checks to
introduce users to this powerful utility. The functionality of the Checker can be customised or modified using
AVEVA PML functions to suit specific needs.

The checks are stored in a file named com-checks.pmldat located in the company or projects directory. The
checks can be ordered by Class and Groups.

Checks can be configured using the Data Checker Configuration form accessed by clicking the Config
button in the Data Checker group on the ADMIN tab.

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The Discipline options list enables the user to select the


type of model element to be checked.

This filters the selections available in the Groups option


list.

The Groups options list determines the SLH element and


general type of check to be performed.

The content of the options list is influenced by the


selected Discipline.

Once the Groups selection has been made the Checks list
is populated enabling the required check to be selected.

At this point the Check button at the base of the form is


enabled.
Clicking the Check button starts the checking process and
open the Checker Results form.

The results of the check are displayed on the Checker Results form. Elements displayed in the form can be
highlighted and navigated to by utilising the right-mouse click options.

The Results column says whether the check has Passed or Failed for the selected elements

The Reason column displays and a brief description of the reason for the failure.

Checking the Labels checkbox labels the elements in the 3D View when they are selected in the grid.

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Exercise 5 – Data Checks


Use the Data Checker utility to investigate the status of handrails in building B02. Set the highlight colour for
passed elements to be yellow and failed elements to be green.

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